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Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma: A Rare Entity 乳腺癌化生:一种罕见的肿瘤
Pub Date : 2019-10-11 DOI: 10.3126/njc.v3i1.25918
Roshani Shrestha, P. Neupane, B. Satyal
Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma is a rare malignancy among invasive breast carcinoma. The patients usually present with large tumor size, axillary lymphnode metastasis and triple negative. The management of Metaplastic Breast carcinoma largely parallels that of Invasive Breast Carcinoma. In this case report, we found a case of metaplastic breast carcinoma with axillary lymphnode metastasis which is very rare.
摘要化生性乳腺癌是侵袭性乳腺癌中一种罕见的恶性肿瘤。患者多表现为肿瘤大、腋窝淋巴结转移、三阴性。化生性乳腺癌的治疗方法与浸润性乳腺癌相似。在此病例报告中,我们发现了一例非常罕见的化生性乳腺癌伴腋窝淋巴结转移。
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引用次数: 0
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Cancer Pathogenesis – The Role of mtDNA Mutations: A Review 线粒体DNA (mtDNA)与癌症发病机制- mtDNA突变的作用:综述
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47733/gjccr.2020.2101
N. Chrysanthakopoulos
Mitochondria are essential metabolic organelles as produce cellular energy by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a by-product, and regulate functions such as apoptosis via the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP). However, mitochondria are also responsible for multiple cellular functions such as, cellular development, growth, signals interaction from mitochondria to nucleus and nucleus to mitochondria, and are involved in miscellaneous metabolic pathways. Those processes are accomplished by several protein complexes and mitochondrial respiratory chains (MRC) encoded by nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), as are assembled from both nuclear DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA genes. The mt DNA is a circular, double-stranded molecule 16,569 base pairs (bp) in length, contains 37 genes which code 13 polypeptides, 2 genes of rRNA (12S,16S), and 22 genes of tRNA, and is present in thousands of copies in each human cell. Almost 90 years ago, Otto Warburg hypothesized that a defect in energy metabolism is the initial cause of cancer. Mitochondria have also active roles in a diversity of other processes, including inflammation, whereas their functions seem to influence some of cancer hallmarks, which include evasion of cell death, genome instability, tumor-promoting inflammation and metastasis. Defects in mitochondrial function which are associated with bioenergetic deficiencies can lead to nDNA genome instability, resistance to apoptosis and induction of NADPH oxidase which is implicated in ROS production. Researches have demonstrated that mtDNA shows a high mutations rate most of which are responsible for mild mitochondrial dysfunction and its essential role in tumorigenesis, whereas enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis is frequently recorded in cancer cells. Although mtDNA has been implicated in cancer pathogenesis, its role remains to be defined. The aim of the current article was to examine the role of mtDNA mutations in cancer pathogenesis.
线粒体是重要的代谢细胞器,通过氧化磷酸化(OXPHOS)产生细胞能量,产生活性氧(ROS)作为副产物,并通过线粒体通透性过渡孔(mtPTP)调节细胞凋亡等功能。然而,线粒体还负责多种细胞功能,如细胞发育、生长、线粒体到细胞核、细胞核到线粒体的信号相互作用,并参与多种代谢途径。这些过程是由核DNA和线粒体DNA (mtDNA)编码的几种蛋白质复合物和线粒体呼吸链(MRC)完成的,这些蛋白质复合物和线粒体呼吸链是由核DNA (nDNA)和线粒体DNA基因组装而成的。mt DNA是一种长16569个碱基对(bp)的环状双链分子,包含37个编码13个多肽的基因,2个rRNA (12S,16S)基因和22个tRNA基因,在每个人类细胞中存在数千个拷贝。大约90年前,Otto Warburg假设能量代谢的缺陷是癌症的最初原因。线粒体在包括炎症在内的多种其他过程中也发挥积极作用,而它们的功能似乎影响一些癌症特征,包括逃避细胞死亡、基因组不稳定、促进肿瘤的炎症和转移。与生物能量缺乏相关的线粒体功能缺陷可导致nDNA基因组不稳定,抗凋亡和诱导与ROS产生有关的NADPH氧化酶。研究表明,mtDNA具有较高的突变率,其中大多数是导致轻度线粒体功能障碍及其在肿瘤发生中的重要作用,而线粒体生物发生增强在癌细胞中经常被记录。虽然mtDNA与癌症的发病机制有关,但其作用仍有待确定。本文的目的是研究mtDNA突变在癌症发病机制中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
PRIDE Complex Secondary to Cetuximab in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma 西妥昔单抗继发于鼻咽癌的PRIDE复合体
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47733/gjccr.2022.3104
R. Kothari, Karthi Kishore, A. Bhatnagar
A 54-years-old male, case of Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (T1N2M0) was given six monthly doses of Injection Cetuximab. He presented to dermatology clinic with paronychia of left thumb, middle and ring finger, subungual hyperkeratosis (Panel A) and recurrent crops of papulopustular lesions over scalp, face (Panel B), trunk and extremities associated with dryness (white arrow) (Panel C) and itching for last six months. He also complained of excessive hair fall. He was diagnosed as PRIDE complex (Papulopustules and/or paronychia, Regulatory abnormalities of hair-growth, Itching, Dryness) secondary to Cetuximab and treated with oral Doxycycline, topical Clindamycin, tretinoin and emollients. He was in remission at last follow-up after one month.
54岁男性,鼻咽癌(T1N2M0)患者给予6个月剂量的西妥昔单抗注射。他以左拇指、中指和无名指甲状阴道炎、甲下角化过度(A组)和头皮、面部(B组)、躯干和四肢反复出现丘疹样病变(C组),并伴有干燥(白色箭头)(C组)和瘙痒,持续6个月。他还抱怨头发脱落过多。他被诊断为西妥昔单抗继发的PRIDE综合征(丘疹和/或甲沟炎,毛发生长调节异常,瘙痒,干燥),并口服多西环素,外用克林霉素,维a酸和润肤剂治疗。在一个月后的最后一次随访中,他的病情有所缓解。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Age and Parity on Practice of Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women of Child Bearing Age in Anambra State 年龄和胎次对阿南布拉州育龄妇女宫颈癌筛查实践的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47733/gjccr.2021.2201
N. Stella
The goal of this study was to see how age and parity affected cervical cancer screening among women of childbearing age in Anambra State. The population of the study was 1,876 women of childbearing age who registered for prenatal care in public hospitals in Anambra State during the study period. Two research questions and two research hypotheses led the investigation. A multi-stage (purposive) sampling procedure was used to choose the one hundred and eighty-five (185) participants. Cronbach alpha was used to estimate the instrument's internal consistency, which was used to determine its dependability. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used for data input and analysis and inferential statistics (ANCOVA) was utilized to test the null hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. The results showed that was no significant difference in mean cervical cancer screening practice scores of women of child bearing age of different age groups. Also there was equally no significant interaction between treatment groups and parity levels on mean cervical cancer practice scores of women of child bearing age. Important conclusions and recommendations were made based on the findings.
这项研究的目的是了解年龄和胎次对阿南布拉州育龄妇女宫颈癌筛查的影响。研究对象是在研究期间在阿南布拉州公立医院登记接受产前护理的1 876名育龄妇女。两个研究问题和两个研究假设主导了调查。采用多阶段(有目的)抽样程序选择185名参与者。使用Cronbach alpha来估计仪器的内部一致性,以确定其可靠性。采用SPSS进行数据输入和分析,采用ANCOVA进行零假设检验,显著性水平为0.05。结果显示,不同年龄组育龄妇女宫颈癌筛查实践平均得分无显著差异。同样,在治疗组和育龄妇女的平均宫颈癌实践分数的胎次水平之间也没有显著的相互作用。根据调查结果提出了重要结论和建议。
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引用次数: 0
Low-Grade Oncocytic Tumor of Kidney: A Distinct Emerging Entity in Renal Oncocytic Neoplasms with Diagnostic Challenge in An Old Female: A Case Report 低级别肾嗜癌细胞肿瘤:一老年女性肾嗜癌细胞肿瘤中一种独特的新出现的肿瘤,具有诊断上的挑战:1例报告
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47733/gjccr.2022.3103
Manahil Khan, M. Qureshi, Zeeshan Uddin
Low grade Oncocytic Tumor (LOT) is an emerging category in renal tumors having oncocytic morphology. It has overlapping features with Renal Oncocytoma and Eosinophilic variant of Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma. LOT typically shows solid nests of cells with oncocytic cytoplasm and uniform round to oval nuclei with a CK7 positive/ CD117 negative immunophenotype. Pathogenesis is not well-understood, however, variations in mTOR pathway related genes have been described. The clinical course is indolent. Here, we present the case a 64-year-old female patient who presented with a solid enhancing mass in right kidney with the clinical impression of Renal cell carcinoma. Right radical nephrectomy was performed, and histologic features were consistent with LOT.
低级别嗜瘤细胞肿瘤(LOT)是肾肿瘤中一种新兴的嗜瘤细胞形态。它与肾嗜酸性细胞瘤和嗜酸性肾细胞癌有重叠特征。LOT典型表现为实性细胞巢,胞浆为嗜瘤细胞,细胞核均匀圆形至卵圆形,免疫表型为CK7阳性/ CD117阴性。发病机制尚不清楚,然而,已经描述了mTOR通路相关基因的变异。临床过程不痛不痒。在此,我们报告一位64岁的女性患者,她表现为右肾实性强化肿块,临床表现为肾细胞癌。行右侧根治性肾切除术,组织学特征与LOT一致。
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引用次数: 0
Rare Case of Asymptomatic Cardiac Metastasis in a Patient of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma 喉鳞状细胞癌无症状心脏转移一例
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47733/gjccr.2020.2104
A. Elshiekh, Abdelrahman Elhadary, Waad Fuad Bin Afif
Background: Cardiac tumors are relatively uncommon and mostly secondary to primary tumors in the lung, esophagus, breast, lymphoma and melanoma. Most of these tumors are detected incidentally as they are usually clinically silent. We present a rare case of laryngeal cancer with asymptomatic myocardial metastases. Case Report: A 71-year-old man known case of metastatic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma on tracheostomy tube due to airway compromise and on chemotherapy, was admitted to the oncology department due to aspiration pneumonia. The patient underwent routine chest X ray and an echocardiogram with contrast that revealed a small mass attached to the apical part of left ventricle (LV) lateral wall with normal contractility of adjacent myocardium then Cardiac MRI was done and confirmed the presence of cardiac metastases. This is one of the few reported cases of laryngeal carcinoma with LV metastases. Conclusion: Cardiac metastases should be considered in priority of differential diagnosis of any cardiac mass in a patient with underlying malignancy.
背景:心脏肿瘤相对少见,多继发于肺、食管、乳腺、淋巴瘤和黑色素瘤等原发肿瘤。这些肿瘤大多是偶然发现的,因为它们通常在临床上没有症状。我们报告一例罕见的喉癌合并无症状心肌转移的病例。病例报告:一例71岁男性患者,因气管狭窄行气管造瘘管,化疗后因吸入性肺炎入住肿瘤科。患者行常规胸部X线及超声心动图示左心室(LV)侧壁尖部有小肿块,邻近心肌收缩性正常,随后行心脏MRI检查,证实有心脏转移灶。这是为数不多的喉癌左室转移病例之一。结论:对于任何伴有潜在恶性肿瘤的心脏肿块,应优先考虑心脏转移。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic Analysis of Medullary Thyroid Cancer in Algiers, Algeria 阿尔及利亚阿尔及尔甲状腺髓样癌的遗传分析
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47733/gjccr.2022.3101
A. Chikouche, N. O. Bessi, Nawal Habak, M. Boudissa, S. Fedala, Malika Rezoug, L. Griene
Medullary thyroid cancer or MTC occurs sporadically (75% of cases) and familial form (25% of cases) which, in the latter situation, is part of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 (MEN2). The MEN2 are subdivided into MEN2A, MEN2B and FMTC or isolated family MTC. MEN2 are rare inherited conditions, transmitted in the autosomal dominant mode, linked to mutations in the RET gene. We report the results of the genotypic study carried out at the CPMC in Algiers, in 209 index cases with medullary thyroid cancer or MEN2. 24.40 % of index cases are classified as MEN2, 47 of which carry germline mutations in the RET gene. Mutations in the seven (07) different exons of the RET gene have been found.
甲状腺髓样癌或MTC是偶发性的(75%的病例)和家族性的(25%的病例),后者是2型多发性内分泌瘤(MEN2)的一部分。MEN2又分为MEN2A、MEN2B和FMTC或分离家族MTC。MEN2是罕见的遗传性疾病,以常染色体显性模式传播,与RET基因突变有关。我们报告了在阿尔及尔的CPMC进行的基因型研究的结果,在209例甲状腺髓样癌或MEN2的指标病例中。24.40%的指标病例归为MEN2,其中47例携带RET基因种系突变。在RET基因的7(07)个不同外显子中发现了突变。
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引用次数: 0
Trousseau’s Syndrome Anticipating Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Combination of Novel Direct Oral Anticoagulant and Osimertinib to Treat It 特鲁索综合征预示肺腺癌:新型直接口服抗凝剂和奥西替尼联合治疗
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47733/gjccr.2020.2105
I. Pecora, C. Tibaldi, E. Perrone, Laura Bassani, E. Baldini
Trousseau’s syndrome was the unexpected manifestation of thrombotic events, often associated with the diagnosis of malignancies, since cancer has been recognized as a prothrombotic state. There is a wide experience using low molecular weight heparin or Fondaparinux, while the use of direct oral anticoagulants, as Rivaroxaban, had less extent. A 76-year-old woman was diagnosed by a Trousseau’s syndrome, with multiple arterial and venous thrombotic events, representing the alarm signals of an advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The patient’s burden of disease rapidly widespread, with unexpected and polidistrectual thrombotic events and an advanced NSCLC with pleural effusion carrying EGFR mutation. After the treatment with an inhibitor of activated Factor X, the thrombotic events did not stop. Starting new direct oral anticoagulant drug and the oral EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI), according to the molecular features of lung cancer, she rapidly achieved good response on overall global burden of disease. The aim of this article was to report a case of Trousseau’s syndrome anticipating lung cancer diagnosis that was successfully treated with a quick start of proper anticoagulant and targeted oncological treatments. The interruption of thromboembolic events represented the first sign of disease response to treatments.
特鲁索综合征是血栓形成事件的意外表现,通常与恶性肿瘤的诊断有关,因为癌症已被认为是一种血栓形成前状态。使用低分子肝素或Fondaparinux有广泛的经验,而直接口服抗凝剂,如利伐沙班的使用程度较低。一名76岁的女性被诊断为Trousseau综合征,伴有多发性动脉和静脉血栓形成事件,代表了晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的警报信号。患者的疾病负担迅速蔓延,出现了意想不到的政治性血栓形成事件和晚期非小细胞肺癌伴胸膜积液携带EGFR突变。在使用激活因子X抑制剂治疗后,血栓事件没有停止。根据肺癌的分子特征,启动了新的直接口服抗凝药物和口服EGFR酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKI),迅速在全球总体疾病负担上取得了良好的反应。本文的目的是报告一例特鲁索综合征预测肺癌诊断,并成功地治疗了快速开始适当的抗凝血和靶向肿瘤治疗。血栓栓塞事件的中断是疾病对治疗反应的第一个迹象。
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引用次数: 1
Transoral Excision of a Pedunculated Pleomorphic Sarcoma 经口切除一例带蒂多形性肉瘤
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47733/gjccr.2020.2102
Blanca Alonso Martinez, Paula Martínez Pascual, R. Sabag, Juan Cantón de Seoane
A 38-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a 2-month history of dysphagia and shortness of breath. He also reported a foreign body sensation in the throat. A pedunculated pleomorphic sarcoma was diagnosed and an oral excision was made.
一名38岁男性因2个月的吞咽困难和呼吸短促就诊于急诊科。他还说喉咙里有异物感。诊断为带梗多形性肉瘤,并行口腔切除。
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引用次数: 0
A Novel Effective Treatment of Advanced Prostate Cancer: A Single Case Report 一种新的有效治疗晚期前列腺癌的方法:1例报告
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.47733/gjccr.2021.2204
R. Seljelid, J. Bøgwald
A novel treatment for prostate cancer, based on the Tvec /pembroluzimab technology – supported by activation of innate immunity is reported. The effect has been striking. Reduction of PSA from 60 μg/Liter to undetectable in 6 weeks, reduction of serum LDH from almost 1000 U/L to under 200 (normal) in 8 weeks, extensive necrosis in the tumor tissue as revealed by MR. The treatment gave no serious side-effects.
一种新的前列腺癌治疗方法,基于Tvec /pembroluzimab技术-由先天免疫激活支持。其效果是惊人的。PSA在6周内从60 μg/L降至检测不到,血清LDH在8周内从近1000 U/L降至200(正常)以下,mr示肿瘤组织广泛坏死,治疗无严重副作用。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Global Journal of Cancer Case Reports
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