Journal of Orthodontic Science最新文献

Objectives: To find out the difference, the type of facial profile, and facial asymmetry between manual methods and mobile application, which is named the face analyzer orthodontic application. Facial profiles can be determined from the side of the face, categorized into three types: straight, convex, and concave profiles. Facial asymmetry refers to the imbalance between facial components concerning size, shape, and opposing positions of planes, lines, or points.

Materials and methods: The research design was a cross-sectional study design using extra oral patient photographs who were treated in Orthodontic Department of Nala Husada Dental Hospital, Surabaya. The technique used was simple random sampling. The number of samples obtained based on inclusion and exclusion criteria was 37 patients, ranged 9-15 years old. The facial profile and asymmetry were determined from extra oral photos before objectively analyzed and processed in face analyzer application by comparing with the manual technique. Wilcoxon test, used to determine the significance value of facial profiles and the facial asymmetry, was analyzed by McNemar's test.

Results: Testing on two variables with two different treatment groups obtained P > 0.05. The Wilcoxon test result (P = 0.157) indicates there is no significant difference, and the McNemar test result (P = 0.375) indicates there was no significant difference in the two groups.

Conclusions: The results of determining the facial profile and facial asymmetry showed no difference between manual and face analyzer orthodontic mobile applications.

This case report details the treatment of a 23-year-old female patient with Class II division 2 malocclusion with a Class II skeletal base due to a retrognathic mandible. The condition was further complicated by a complete overbite, absence of tooth #36, and a gummy smile. The Forsus appliance has shown to be effective in correcting Class II malocclusion in adult patients, with significant improvements in bite and facial esthetics. The use of temporary anchorage devices for intrusion resulted in lower overbite and increased actual intrusion compared with alternative methods for intruding upper incisors.

Background and objective: Skeletal Class II malocclusion patients frequently exhibit an extended craniocervical position. The study's objective was to evaluate how the craniocervical posture has changed following skeletal class II correction using the Forsus fatigue-resistant device (FFRD).

Methodology: A retrospective analysis was undertaken using the pre- and post-treatment records of 35 skeletal class II patients who used the FFRD to achieve class II correction. The metrics suggested by Solow and Rocabado were used to evaluate the cranial and cervical positions. Eleven angular parameters were evaluated to determine the relationship between the mandibular ramus and the skull as well as the upper and middle craniocervical positions. To compare the parameters before and after fixed functional therapy, a Wilcoxon signed rank test was used.

Results: Significant differences were obtained in the parameters SNA, SNB, and ANB post-FFRD. Significant differences were also noted in NL/OPT, NSL/OPT, FH/CVT, FH/OPT, NSL/CVT, NL/CVT, ML/CVT, FH/RL, and oropharynx position.

Conclusions: The upper and middle craniocervical posture altered significantly with the FFRD. Skeletal class II correction obtained with FFRD delivered the patients a more erect craniocervical posture.

Background: Morphological and structural abnormalities are common dental anomalies. Identifying DA and determining their prevalence can play an important role in reducing the risk of surgical intervention and improving occlusion, leading to successful dental treatments. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of DA using panoramic radiographs (OPG) in Makkah, Saudi Arabia according to gender.

Materials and methods: A retrospective radiographic investigation was performed, and the digital OPG of 923 patients (age range, 8-27 years) were collected. Records were collected from patients admitted at a government hospital in Makkah between January 2020 and DA in terms of tooth shape (microdontia, macrodontia, gemination, and fusion), number (supernumerary and congenitally missing teeth), and position (impaction and ectopic eruption). Several other abnormalities, such as ankyloses, dens in dents, dilacerations, and taurodontism, have also been reported. Digital radiographs from patients were systematically evaluated to diagnose each radiograph with consistent screen brightness and resolution.

Results: The most prevalent DA were impaction (53.8%), hypodontia (13.6%), microdontia (8.2%), and ectopic eruption (6.7%). Taurodontism was observed more frequently in male compared to female (7.5% and 2.2%, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between gender in the distribution of other DA.

Conclusion: This study found that 27.8% of the Saudi population of Makkah city have DA. Clinical examination and radiographic evaluation are crucial for providing the proper treatment for patients seeking dental treatment.

Background/objective: Resolution of crowding remains a chief concern for patients seeking orthodontic treatment. The choice of the initial aligning archwire is crucial for achieving treatment success. Nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires have been the first choice since their introduction. Multi-force archwires are a recent development that claims to deliver optimal orthodontic force tailored to specific teeth. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficiency of SmartArch^® archwires with conventional and thermoelastic NiTi.

Methodology: Thirty-nine patients were randomly allocated into three groups (group 1: NiTi, group 2: Cu-NiTi, and group 3: SmartArch^®). Only patients with Little's irregularity index of >4 mm were included. Study models were fabricated at each time interval of four weeks (T0, T1, T2, and until decrowding). The reduction in the irregularity score was calculated and analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, the Kruskal-Wallis test, the Kaplan-Meier method to create a survival curve, and Mantel-Cox log-rank test to compare survival times.

Results: The Little's irregularity index reduced with treatment in all patients, irrespective of the groups, with no significant difference (P = 0.467) in the reduction among the groups evaluated. On average, it took 10.77 ± 2.52 weeks for group 1, 11 ± 4.22 weeks for group 2, and 9.54 ± 2.6 weeks for group 3. Patients with rotated canines took a longer duration to achieve decrowding, irrespective of the archwires used.

Conclusion: This study found no clinically significant difference in the efficiency of decrowding among the archwires.The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and Institutional Ethical Committee (IGIDSIEC2021NRP13PGTHODO) and registered under the Clinical Trial Registry (CTRI/2021/09/036859) of India.

Objectives: This study investigates the mechanical properties and antimicrobial efficiency of orthodontic adhesive modified with Salvadora persica (SP) oil, including adhesive remnant index (ARI) and shear bond strength (SBS), specifically antimicrobial efficacy against Streptococcus mutans.

Methods: Forty freshly extracted human premolars were recruited. They were classified into four groups according to the concentration of SP oil added to Heliosit orthodontic adhesive where the control group was with no adhesive modification, alongside three experimental groups, wherein SP oil was integrated into the adhesive at concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5% weight/weight, respectively. The tooth buccal surface was etched by phosphoric acid gel (37%). The orthodontic brackets utilized were standard stainless steel edgewise 22". The brackets were bonded with Heliosit by Woodpecker LED light cure for 20 sec. The SBS was assessed using a universal testing machine, and ARI was inspected by a stereomicroscope at 20X magnification power. The antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans was evaluated. The statistical analyses, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Kruskal-Wallis and Duncan were performed where P ≤ 0.05.

Results: The findings indicated that among the experimental groups, the 3% SP oil group exhibited the highest mean SBS value, following closely behind the control group. Conversely, the mean SBS was lowest for the SP group with a 5% concentration. However, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests revealed no significant differences between groups (P ≥ 0.275, 0.069), respectively. Antimicrobial tests demonstrated a concentration-dependent antibacterial effect, the 5% group exhibiting the highest efficacy.

Conclusion: Orthodontic adhesive modified with SP oil maintains favorable SBS while demonstrating antimicrobial effects against Streptococcus mutans.

Aim: The present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare muscle activity after the treatment with rigid and flexible fixed functional appliance.

Material and method: The study was conducted on 14 skeletal Class II malocclusion patients in the age group of 13-17 years, divided into two groups comprising 7 patients in each group. Group I was treated with a rigid fixed functional appliance (MPA IV), and Group II was treated with a flexible fixed functional appliance (Churro Jumper). Masseter and anterior temporalis muscle activities were recorded using needle electromyography (EMG) at postural rest, saliva swallowing, and clenching during five intervals (T₀ to T₄) during fixed functional appliance treatment. Unpaired t-test, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon sign rank test were applied for statistical analysis, and a P value of <.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Group I (MPA IV) showed a significant increase in EMG activity during postural rest position (P = 0.003, P = 0.001), swallowing (P = 0.013, P = 0.005), and clenching (P = 0.001, P = 0.002) in masseter and anterior temporalis muscle, respectively. Group II (Churro jumper) also showed a significant increase in EMG activity during postural rest position (P = 0.000, P = 0.000), swallowing (P = 0.001, P = 0.000), and clenching (P = 0.001, P = 0.000) in masseter and anterior temporalis muscle, respectively.

Conclusion: Both rigid (MPA IV) and flexible (Churro Jumper) fixed functional appliances caused a significant increase in EMG activity of masseter and anterior temporalis muscle during postural rest position, swallowing, and clenching in 6 months of the observation period, but the flexible appliance (Churro Jumper) showed more significant increase.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of different shapes and sizes of attachments used for rotation, tipping, and torquing tooth movement in clear aligner therapy.

Material and methods: Using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology, 15 replicas of the upper right human canines were produced. Finite element analysis (FEA) was utilized to mimic tooth movement by applying a constant force of 2.942 N to these models, which contained various forms and sizes of composite attachments. Analysis was done on the stress on different dental structures and the displacement of the attachments.

Results: The outcomes demonstrated that tooth movement during clear aligner treatment was considerably impacted by attachment size and shape. Rectangular beveled attachments with dimensions of 3.5 mm × 1.2 mm × 3.5 mm showed the greatest rotating mobility. Triangular beveled attachments with dimensions of 5 mm by 0.8 mm by 2 mm produced the most displacement during tipping motion. For torquing motions, rectangular power ridge attachments with dimensions of 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm × 5 mm worked well.

Conclusion: The size and geometry of composite attachments were shown to be extremely important in regulating tooth movement during clear aligner treatment, according to this FEA research. Greater displacement is produced when smaller attachments with less surface area dissipate more force. When using clear aligner therapy, orthodontists may optimize treatment plans, shorten treatment times, and provide more predictable results by having a better understanding of the biomechanics of various attachment designs.

Introduction: Repeated clinical use of arch wires requires sterilization and may result in alteration of the properties of the wires as they get subjected to corrosion and cold working. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the effects of different clinical recycling methods on the load-deflection properties of super-elastic and thermal nickel-titanium orthodontic arch wires.

Materials and methods: A total of 50 0.014" round nickel-titanium orthodontic wires [Group I: super-elastic nickel-titanium (n = 25) and Group II: thermal nickel-titanium wires (n = 25)] were tested for changes in their load deflection properties after three different recycling methods, that is, dry heat sterilization, autoclave, and cold sterilization. For each group, five wires as received from the manufacturer were taken as control (T0), and the rest of the 20 wires were placed intra-orally for a duration of one cycle of clinical use (T1). Five wires out of these were subjected to 3-point bending tests, and the rest of the wires were subjected to different recycling methods. Load deflection properties of recycled wires were measured with an Instron universal testing machine. The results were tabulated, and the data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the Tukey post hoc test.

Results: Statistically, no significant difference was found in the super-elastic group between samples recycled by dry heat, autoclave, and cold sterilization when compared with as-received super-elastic NiTi up to 2.5 mm of deflection. A highly significant difference was found between as-received thermal NiTi group (83.51 ± 6.49 N/mm) and samples recycled by dry heat (53.73 ± 4.72 N/mm), autoclave (45.38 ± 4.37 N/mm), and cold sterilization (48.44 ± 3.12 N/mm) at 0.5 mm of deflection.

Conclusion: Among thermal NiTi, any of the sterilization methods could opt at all deflections. For super-elastic NiTi, at higher deflections or in cases of crowding of more than 2.5 mm, cold sterilization should be the method of choice, whereas any sterilization method can be used at deflections less than 2.5 mm.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the force decay of the power-chain elastics after exposure to anti-coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) antiseptic mouthwashes at different intervals.

Methods: A total of 300 power-chain pieces were used from American Orthodontics (AO) and Dentaurum (D) brands. Each piece composed of five loops that were selected to simulate canine retraction distally. The samples were randomly grouped according to immersion in the tested mouthwashes 0.2% povidone-iodine (PVP-I), 1% hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). The maximum tensile load failure testing (MTLT) was assessed at six time points (zero, one hour, 24 hours, 1, 2 and 4 weeks). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc tests were used to analyse the data, where P < 0.05.

Results: Significant differences in MTLT of power-chain elastics used at different immersion intervals were observed. MTLT, in each tested group, decreased significantly as the immersion time increased with significant differences among the tested mouthwashes at each time point. H₂O₂ group displays a maximum force decay throughout the time intervals for both brands, in contrast to CPC group, which shows less degradation over time.

Conclusion: Both brands are decade over time during exposure to the tested mouthwashes. CPC mouthwashes is a good option to be described for orthodontic patient during COVID-19 pandemic, whereas H₂O₂ mouthwashes should be avoided.