Journal of Orthodontic Science最新文献

Infection control is essential to protect both the doctor and the patient by preventing the spread of infectious diseases. There is no exception in the field of dentistry, particularly in orthodontics, where numerous appliances are used for a variety of functions and also because the mouth cavity has the highest concentration of bacteria of any body part. Through this systematic review, we aimed to assess the various methods of sterilization employed in an orthodontic setting. Using relevant keywords, reference searches, and citation searches, the databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus were all searched; a total of 206 documents were found, of which 113 were initially selected. The remaining 23 distinct papers were initially made available after 90 publications that were identical to or similar to one another were eliminated. The final selection was made from eight documents that met all inclusion and exclusion requirements. The existing methods of sterilization were found to be competent in dealing with the microorganisms found in a typical orthodontic setting. The chemical method of sterilization was the norm in most of the studies that we assessed, with glutaraldehyde and peracetic acid (PAA) being the most commonly employed compounds for disinfection. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42022380831.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of the length of the lingual frenulum with the craniofacial morphology in adults.

Method and materials: The study comprised a total of 144 subjects, aged 18 to 28 years, divided into 3 groups (48 in each group), based on ANB angle i.e., Skeletal Class I, Skeletal Class II & Skeletal Class III. To measure the length of the lingual frenulum direct and indirect methods were used. A Lingual frenulum ruler was used for direct measurement and the differences between the maximum mouth opening reduction (MMOR) with and without the tip of the tongue touching the incisive papilla measurement were taken for the indirect method. A lateral cephalogram was collected from each subject and a cephalometric analysis was done to assess craniofacial morphology. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA and the significance of the mean difference between (inter) the groups was done by Tukey's HSD (honestly significant difference) post hoc test after ascertaining normality by Shapiro-Wilk's test and homogeneity of variance between groups by Levene's test.

Results: The lingual frenulum length and maximum mouth opening reduction were significantly increased in the Skeletal Class III subjects with a statistically significant value of P < 0.001 when compared with the Skeletal Class I and Skeletal Class II subjects.

Conclusion: A balance in the teeth positioning is maintained by orofacial musculature and any disturbance which occurs in this, results in malocclusion. Malocclusion can result in a long lingual frenulum that pushes the mandibular anterior forwards. Hence, the malocclusion and lingual frenulum length relationship are essential to eliminate the erratic forces and to attain excellent results, following the elimination of malocclusion.

The advantages of Clear Aligners Therapy (CAT) include the braces being virtually invisible, comfortable to wear, and removable for eating and brushing; that way, CAT can be used to treat a wide range of orthodontic issues. In 1999, the company Align Technology introduced the frst commercial clear aligner system called Invisalign. The Invisalign system was initially only available to orthodontists, but later became available to general dentists as well. The system quickly gained popularity among patients who were looking for a more discreet and comfortable alternative to traditional braces. In 2000, Align Technology received FDA clearance for the Invisalign system, which further increased its popularity. The biomechanics of clear aligners involve the use of custom-made tooth aligners that are specifcally shaped to guide teeth into desired positions. These aligners are typically made from flexible materials such as polyurethane or ethylene vinyl acetate and are adjusted to apply the necessary forces for tooth movement. Attachment devices, such as power ridges or buttons, are often used to enhance or assist in specifc tooth movements and for retention of the aligner. The use of attachments allows for the exertion of desired force on the teeth, which is crucial for the success of Clear Aligner Therapy. CAT should be used if patients are concerned about the esthetic appearances of their teeth-for example, actors and other individuals that rely on their appearances in public in a professional context-and if the misalignment is not severe, so that clear aligners can still work. One should not use CAT in cases of severe crowding or spacing issues that require extractions. If the patient has complex jaw discrepancies or skeletal issues or if teeth need to be moved extensively in multiple directions, CAT is likely not going to be strong enough. In conclusion, Clear Aligner Therapy is a safe, effective, and convenient orthodontic treatment option that offers patients a virtually invisible way to achieve a straighter, more beautiful smile. With continued advancements in technology and a growing body of research supporting its effectiveness, the future of Clear Aligner Therapy looks bright.

The current article aims to review the previous studies that measure the orthodontic bracket slot dimensions and geometry. Searches in different databases, including PubMed Central, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, the Cochrane Library, Textbooks, Google Scholar, and Research Gate, in addition to a manual search, were performed about the methods of assessing orthodontic bracket slot dimension up to March 2023. The irrelevant and duplicate studies were eliminated, leaving 35 studies for this narrative review. The findings indicate that the slots are oversized with diverging walls in most studies. Manufacturers must respect the standards during manufacturing brackets and adhere to the actual dimensions and tolerance values.

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to comprehensively analyze the existing information on the prevalence of the need for orthodontic treatment in the permanent dentition stage among populations in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. For observational studies in GCC countries, the key terms were electronically searched in Science Direct, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Reviews, Google Scholar, and Sage databases (1990-2021). The bias risk for the selected studies was evaluated using the modified Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement. Thirteen studies reported on the prevalence of orthodontic treatment needs among 33,134 children in GCC countries in permanent dentition with an age range of 11-19 years satisfied the inclusion criteria. Out of the 13 studies, 9 reported on the prevalence of malocclusion, 11 reported on the prevalence of occlusal traits, and 12 reported on the prevalence of orthodontic treatment needs as per the Dental Health Component (DHC) of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), 4 reported as per both DHC and Aesthetic Component (AC) of IOTN, and 1 reported as per only AC of IOTN. Meta-analysis of the included studies indicated that the pooled malocclusion prevalence rate was 10.60% (confidence interval [CI] 95%: 0.093-0.076) with 8.58% Class I (CI 95%: 0.074-0.188), 2.09% Class II (CI 95%: 0.014-0.058), and 0.93% Class III (CI 95%: 0.005-0.018) malocclusions. The most prevalent type of occlusal trait was spacing (13.10%, CI 95%: 0.018-0.169), followed by crowding (4.96%, CI 95%: 0.017-0.091). The pooled prevalence of borderline and definite needs for orthodontic treatment based on DHC and AC of IOTN was 0.82% (CI 95%: 0.014-0.035), 1.13% (CI 95%: 0.011-0.091), 4.08% (CI 95%: 0.009-0.114), and 2.06% (CI 95%: 0.002-0.048), respectively. The findings were heterogeneous (P < 0.05). These findings indicated that the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs was not high in the GCC population.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount of root resorption with mini implant-aided anchorage, with and without inducing the regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP) in en masse retraction cases using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods: Thirty patients requiring therapeutic extraction of all first premolars were included in the study and randomly divided into two groups of fifteen patients each (groups I and II). Patients of both groups underwent retraction using mini implants. In patients of group II, the RAP was initiated before starting retraction. For each patient, CBCT of the maxillary and mandibular anterior region was taken before treatment and after retraction to evaluate root length changes.

Results: The amount of root resorption post-retraction was lesser in group II as compared to group I for the maxillary canine, mandibular canines, and mandibular lateral incisors. When the amount of root resorption was scored according to the Malmgren index, a greater percentage of teeth in group I (17.8%) showed root resorption of score of 3 as compared to group II (6.1%).

Conclusion: The results of the study show that the RAP caused reduced root resorption, but its effect was localized to the area where it was induced. When mini implants are used for absolute anchorage during en masse retraction, the RAP can be induced to reduce the root resorption that results from increased treatment time associated with implant-aided retraction.

Objectives: This investigation aimed to evaluate the most common orthodontic urgencies, their management, and changes in routine biosafety measures and the total income of the dental office in South India during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: A questionnaire was drafted using Google Forms with questions in four domains pertaining to orthodontic urgencies, biosafety measures, treatment duration, and income. After validation, this questionnairewas sent to 750 orthodontists via WhatsApp messenger (WhatsApp Inc, Menlo Park, Calif) over a period of 14 days.Descriptive statistics and comparisons were performed using independent t- and Chi-square tests.

Results: Majority of the orthodontists (62.3%) had closed their clinics only during the first lockdown. Many (63%) had scheduled urgent appointments along with routine limited patients per day. The most frequent urgencies were related to the breakage of brackets, archwires, molar tubes, bands, and temporary anchorage devices. Aligners were the least problematic. The treatment time was also prolonged. Telephonic advice and virtual assistance via WhatsApp messages/videos were found to be successful in the management of urgencies.Most orthodontists had strengthened their routine biosafety measures.The financial impact of this pandemic was considerable, with nearly 50% reduction in total income.

Conclusions: Urgencies linked to preadjusted edgewise appliances, such as breakage of brackets and tubes, and archwire-related injuries were the most common. Prolongation of treatment time and negative financial impact were the other problems encountered during this pandemic. Drastic changes had occurred in routine biosafety measures, which prevented the spread of infection among orthodontists and patients.

Introduction: Anterior-posterior discrepancy assessment is a crucial component of orthodontic diagnosis and is often carried out using hard tissue cephalometric analysis. The purpose of this study was to compare the photographic Frankfort plane subnasale pogonion (FSA) angle with established cephalometric parameters to determine the accuracy of the angle in determining maxillomandibular anteroposterior discrepancies.

Materials and methods: In this prospective study, a total of 60 subjects, 20 in each skeletal sagittal malocclusion, were included in the final sample based on the selection criteria. Both photographic and cephalometric records were taken, and the parameters assessed were the beta angle, Steiner's analysis, the ANB (A point- Nasion- B point) angle in the cephalograms, and the FSA angle in the profile photographs. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS software. The correlation between the measured parameters was assessed using Pearson's correlation test.

Results: A high positive and significant correlation between the FSA angle and beta angle (r = 0.793) was noted, and a high negative and significant correlation between the FSA angle and ANB angle (r = -0.848) was noted.

Conclusion: The photographic FSA angle can be used as a reliable parameter to diagnose anteroposterior discrepancies.

The human body possesses a unique set of machinery called the molecular/biological clocks that function on a regular 24-h basis forming a circadian rhythm (CR). This aids in coordinating the human biological system with ever-changing environmental conditions, thereby maintaining a balance in its functioning. The central/core component of this system is known to be in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus with a few aides in the periphery. The periodontal ligament in humans, being one of the dynamic oral tissues, has been shown to exhibit this self-sustained, innate oscillatory behavior that has gained significant attention from dental surgeons. Though substantial evidence regarding its precise role in maintaining circadian periodicity is still unclear, its indispensable role in dentofacial functioning cannot be denied. This review is an attempt in bringing to light the possible role of circadian periodicity in the functioning of oral tissues in the field of orthodontics with a special focus on its role in bone remodeling, orthodontic tooth movement, orthopedic and functional appliances, pain management, and their clinical implications. This could provide a better understanding of the various physiologic and pathologic processes and help us refine our approach toward orthodontic diagnosis and therapeutics. This review would therefore serve as an overview, opening more avenues for further research on this topic that can greatly help the orthodontic fraternity.

Objective: To compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of brackets bonded to three different types of ceramic surfaces (feldspathic ceramic, lithium disilicate ceramic, and zirconia), conditioned with either hydrofluoric acid or sandblasting, using Assure^® Plus All bonding agent.

Materials and methods: A total of 72 monolithic CAD/CAM ceramic specimens were divided into six groups of 12 samples. Three groups (G1: feldspathic ceramic, G3: lithium disilicate ceramic, G5: zirconia surfaces) were conditioned with 9.6% hydrofluoric acid, while the remaining three (G2, G4, G6; with ceramic type in the same order as the previous three groups) were prepared with 50 μm aluminum oxide sandblasting. Premolar brackets were bonded using light-cured Assure^® Plus All. The SBS and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were recorded and submitted to inferential analysis using one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests, respectively. The significance level was set at 5% (P ≤ 0.05).

Results: The mean SBS values for the three different ceramic groups conditioned with hydrofluoric acid (G1: 7.2 ± 1.5 MPa, G3: 9.3 ± 2.3 MPa, G5: 8.5 ± 2.0 MPa) were significantly higher than those obtained for the groups prepared by sandblasting before bonding (G2: 7.5 ± 1.8 MPa, G4: 4.4 ± 2.0 MPa, G6: 4.3 ± 2.8 MPa).

Conclusions: The hydrofluoric acid treatment produced a favorable SBS for all three examined ceramic types before bracket bonding with Assure^® Plus All. In comparison, sandblasting yielded a satisfactory SBS only with feldspathic surfaces. Furthermore, the ARI indicated a higher frequency of mixed-adhesive failures except for lithium disilicate conditioned with sandblasting. Therefore, using hydrofluoric acid is likely to be especially recommended when the clinician is not aware of the brand of ceramic restorative material.