Pub Date : 2024-06-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.05.004
Tao Xiaohui , Luyao Wang , Xin Yang , Hewen Jiang , Ning Zhang , Huarui Zhang , Dijie Li , Xiaofei Li , Yihao Zhang , Shenghang Wang , Chuanxin Zhong , Sifan Yu , Meishen Ren , Meiheng Sun , Nanxi Li , Tienan Chen , Yuan Ma , Fangfei Li , Jin Liu , Yuanyuan Yu , Ge Zhang
Sclerostin emerges as a novel target for bone anabolic therapy in bone diseases. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) are rare bone diseases in which therapeutic potential of sclerostin inhibition cannot be ignored. In OI, genetic/pharmacologic sclerostin inhibition promoted bone formation of mice, but responses varied by genotype and age. Serum sclerostin levels were higher in young OI-I patients, while lower in adult OI-I/III/IV. It's worth investigating whether therapeutic response of OI to sclerostin inhibition could be clinically predicted by genotype and age. In XLH, preclinical/clinical data suggested factors other than identified FGF23 contributing to XLH. Higher levels of circulating sclerostin were detected in XLH. Sclerostin inhibition promoted bone formation in Hyp mice, while restored phosphate homeostasis in age-/gender-dependent manner. The role of sclerostin in regulating phosphate metabolism deserves investigation. Sclerostin/FGF23 levels of XLH patients with/without response to FGF23-antibody warrants study to develop precise sclerostin/FGF23 inhibition strategy or synergistic/additive strategy. Notably, OI patients were associated with cardiovascular abnormalities, so were XLH patients receiving conventional therapy. Targeting sclerostin loop3 promoted bone formation without cardiovascular risks. Further, blockade of sclerostin loop3-LRP4 interaction while preserving sclerostin loop2-ApoER2 interaction could be a potential precise sclerostin inhibition strategy for OI and XLH with cardiovascular safety.
The Translational Potential of this Article.
Preclinical data on the molecular understanding of sclerostin inhibition in OI and therapeutic efficacy in mouse models of different genotypes, as well as clinical data on serum sclerostin levels in patients with different phenotypes of OI, were reviewed and discussed. Translationally, it would facilitate to develop clinical prediction strategies (e.g. based on genotype and age, not just phenotype) for OI patients responsive to sclerostin inhibition. Both preclinical and clinical data suggested sclerostin as another factor contributing to XLH, in addition to the identified FGF23. The molecular understanding and therapeutic effects of sclerostin inhibition on both promoting bone anabolism and improving phosphate homostasis in Hyp mice were reviewed and discussed. Translationaly, it would facilitate the development of precise sclerostin/FGF23 inhibition strategy or synergistic/additive strategy for the treatment of XLH. Cardiovascular risk could not be ruled out during sclerostin inhibition treatment, especially for OI and XLH patients with cardiovascular diseases history and cardiovascular abnormalities. Studies on the role of sclerostin in inhiting bone formation and protecting cardiovascular system were reviewed and discussed. Translationaly, blockade of sclerostin loop3-LRP4 interaction while preserving sclerostin loo
{"title":"Sclerostin inhibition in rare bone diseases: Molecular understanding and therapeutic perspectives","authors":"Tao Xiaohui , Luyao Wang , Xin Yang , Hewen Jiang , Ning Zhang , Huarui Zhang , Dijie Li , Xiaofei Li , Yihao Zhang , Shenghang Wang , Chuanxin Zhong , Sifan Yu , Meishen Ren , Meiheng Sun , Nanxi Li , Tienan Chen , Yuan Ma , Fangfei Li , Jin Liu , Yuanyuan Yu , Ge Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jot.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jot.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sclerostin emerges as a novel target for bone anabolic therapy in bone diseases. Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) are rare bone diseases in which therapeutic potential of sclerostin inhibition cannot be ignored. In OI, genetic/pharmacologic sclerostin inhibition promoted bone formation of mice, but responses varied by genotype and age. Serum sclerostin levels were higher in young OI-I patients, while lower in adult OI-I/III/IV. It's worth investigating whether therapeutic response of OI to sclerostin inhibition could be clinically predicted by genotype and age. In XLH, preclinical/clinical data suggested factors other than identified FGF23 contributing to XLH. Higher levels of circulating sclerostin were detected in XLH. Sclerostin inhibition promoted bone formation in <em>Hyp</em> mice, while restored phosphate homeostasis in age-/gender-dependent manner. The role of sclerostin in regulating phosphate metabolism deserves investigation. Sclerostin/FGF23 levels of XLH patients with/without response to FGF23-antibody warrants study to develop precise sclerostin/FGF23 inhibition strategy or synergistic/additive strategy. Notably, OI patients were associated with cardiovascular abnormalities, so were XLH patients receiving conventional therapy. Targeting sclerostin loop3 promoted bone formation without cardiovascular risks. Further, blockade of sclerostin loop3-LRP4 interaction while preserving sclerostin loop2-ApoER2 interaction could be a potential precise sclerostin inhibition strategy for OI and XLH with cardiovascular safety.</p><p>The Translational Potential of this Article.</p><p>Preclinical data on the molecular understanding of sclerostin inhibition in OI and therapeutic efficacy in mouse models of different genotypes, as well as clinical data on serum sclerostin levels in patients with different phenotypes of OI, were reviewed and discussed. Translationally, it would facilitate to develop clinical prediction strategies (e.g. based on genotype and age, not just phenotype) for OI patients responsive to sclerostin inhibition. Both preclinical and clinical data suggested sclerostin as another factor contributing to XLH, in addition to the identified FGF23. The molecular understanding and therapeutic effects of sclerostin inhibition on both promoting bone anabolism and improving phosphate homostasis in <em>Hyp</em> mice were reviewed and discussed. Translationaly, it would facilitate the development of precise sclerostin/FGF23 inhibition strategy or synergistic/additive strategy for the treatment of XLH. Cardiovascular risk could not be ruled out during sclerostin inhibition treatment, especially for OI and XLH patients with cardiovascular diseases history and cardiovascular abnormalities. Studies on the role of sclerostin in inhiting bone formation and protecting cardiovascular system were reviewed and discussed. Translationaly, blockade of sclerostin loop3-LRP4 interaction while preserving sclerostin loo","PeriodicalId":16636,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214031X24000469/pdfft?md5=8db4eba1898d809ec16c11a6e3da0a08&pid=1-s2.0-S2214031X24000469-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141429415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-18DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.05.003
Tianwu Chen , Yu Dong , Yunxia Li , Shiyi Chen
Background
Research on return to sport and psychological recovery in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) revision remains scarce. The clinical efficacy of artificial ligament in ACL revision requires further exploration. Our objectives were (1) to compare the midterm clinical outcomes of artificial ligament versus allogenic tendon graft in ACL revision and (2) to analyze the effects of employing artificial ligament on return to sport and psychological recovery in ACL revision.
Methods
This cohort study included the cases receiving ACL revision from 2014 to 2021 in Sports Medicine Department of Huashan Hospital. The grafts used were Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System (LARS) and ATT allograft. We recorded patients' baseline data. The final follow-up assessment included subjective scales, physical examination, and return to sport status. We recorded the rates and timings of return to sport. Subjective scales included the 2000 International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score, Lysholm Knee Scaling Score (LKSS), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Tegner activity score, Marx activity rating score, and Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI). Anterior knee stability was assessed using the KT-1000 arthrometer.
Results
Fifty cases (LARS group: 27; ATT group: 23) enrolled and 45 (LARS group: 23; ATT group: 22) completed evaluations with a median follow-up period of 49 months. At recent follow-up, LARS group outperformed in knee stability (1.0 ± 1.9 mm vs. 2.6 ± 3.0 mm, P = 0.039), confidence (86.7 ± 12.4 vs. 69.4 ± 18.6, P < 0.001), emotion (82.7 ± 11.3 vs. 70.7 ± 16.2, P < 0.001), KOOS knee function (78.7 ± 8.8 vs. 69.5 ± 11.0, P = 0.003), quality of life (79.1 ± 16.1 vs. 66.4 ± 19.5, P = 0.014), Tegner score (6.3 ± 1.9 vs. 5.2 ± 2.1, P < 0.001), and Marx activity score (10.7 ± 3.7 vs. 7.9 ± 4.0, P = 0.012). The LARS group had significantly higher return rates: recreational (91.3 % vs. 63.6 %, P = 0.026), knee cutting and pivoting (87.0 % vs. 59.1 %, P = 0.035), competitive (78.3 % vs. 45.5 %, P = 0.023), and pre-injury (56.5 % vs. 27.3 %, P = 0.047). For return timings, the LARS group was earlier at recreational (11.2 ± 3.9 vs. 27.8 ± 9.0 weeks, P < 0.001), knee cutting and pivoting (17.2 ± 5.8 vs. 35.6 ± 13.8 weeks, P < 0.001), competitive (24.8 ± 16.2 vs. 53.2 ± 22.0 weeks, P < 0.001), and pre-injury levels (32.8 ± 11.0 vs. 72.8 ± 16.9 weeks, P < 0.001).
Conclusion
In ACL revision, using LARS demonstrated improved joint stability and functionality compared to using allogenic ATT four years postoperative. Patients accepting the LARS procedure exhibited higher rates and earlier timings of return to various levels of sport, indicating enhanced confidence and emotional resilience.
The translational potential of this article
In ACL revision, the choice of artifi
背景有关前交叉韧带(ACL)翻修术后恢复运动和心理康复的研究仍然很少。人工韧带在前交叉韧带翻修中的临床疗效需要进一步探讨。我们的目的是:(1)比较人工韧带与同种异体肌腱移植在前交叉韧带翻修术中的中期临床疗效;(2)分析人工韧带对前交叉韧带翻修术后运动恢复和心理恢复的影响。使用的移植物为韧带高级加固系统(LARS)和ATT同种异体移植物。我们记录了患者的基线数据。最终随访评估包括主观量表、体格检查和恢复运动状态。我们记录了患者恢复运动的比率和时间。主观量表包括2000年国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)主观评分、Lysholm膝关节评分(LKSS)、膝关节损伤和骨关节炎结果评分(KOOS)、Tegner活动评分、Marx活动评分和前交叉韧带损伤后恢复运动评分(ACL-RSI)。结果50例(LARS组:27例;ATT组:23例)入组,45例(LARS组:23例;ATT组:22例)完成评估,中位随访时间为49个月。在最近的随访中,LARS 组在膝关节稳定性(1.0 ± 1.9 mm vs. 2.6 ± 3.0 mm,P = 0.039)、信心(86.7 ± 12.4 vs. 69.4 ± 18.6,P < 0.001)、情感(82.7 ± 11.3 vs. 70.7 ± 16.2,P < 0.001)、KOOS 膝关节功能(78.7 ± 8.8 vs. 69.5 ± 11.0,P = 0.003)、生活质量(79.1 ± 16.1 vs. 66.4 ± 19.5,P = 0.014)、Tegner 评分(6.3 ± 1.9 vs. 5.2 ± 2.1,P <0.001)和 Marx 活动评分(10.7 ± 3.7 vs. 7.9 ± 4.0,P = 0.012)。LARS 组的恢复率明显更高:休闲(91.3% 对 63.6%,P = 0.026)、膝关节切削和旋转(87.0% 对 59.1%,P = 0.035)、竞技(78.3% 对 45.5%,P = 0.023)和受伤前(56.5% 对 27.3%,P = 0.047)。在恢复时间方面,LARS 组在娱乐(11.2 ± 3.9 vs. 27.8 ± 9.0 周,P < 0.001)、膝关节切削和旋转(17.2 ± 5.8 vs. 35.6 ± 13.8 周,P < 0.001)、竞技(24.8 ± 16.2 vs. 53.2 ± 22.结论在前交叉韧带翻修术中,与术后四年使用同种异体 ATT 相比,使用 LARS 可改善关节稳定性和功能。本文的转化潜力在前交叉韧带翻修术中,选择人工韧带来缩短恢复时间,从而使患者能够更快、更有效地重返运动场,这一点引人深思。其研究价值不仅仅局限于移植物的选择,还能指导未来的临床试验和研究。这项研究增强了我们对人工韧带在前交叉韧带翻修中应用价值的理解,强调了心理康复的重要性,更新了我们对翻修后恢复运动水平的认识。它还促进了对个性化康复计划和治疗策略的探索,旨在优化临床结果,满足前交叉韧带重建失败患者的实际需求。
{"title":"Four-year comparative analysis of return to sport and psychological recovery following ACL revision: Artificial ligament vs. anterior tibial tendon allograft","authors":"Tianwu Chen , Yu Dong , Yunxia Li , Shiyi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jot.2024.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jot.2024.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Research on return to sport and psychological recovery in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) revision remains scarce. The clinical efficacy of artificial ligament in ACL revision requires further exploration. Our objectives were (1) to compare the midterm clinical outcomes of artificial ligament versus allogenic tendon graft in ACL revision and (2) to analyze the effects of employing artificial ligament on return to sport and psychological recovery in ACL revision.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This cohort study included the cases receiving ACL revision from 2014 to 2021 in Sports Medicine Department of Huashan Hospital. The grafts used were Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System (LARS) and ATT allograft. We recorded patients' baseline data. The final follow-up assessment included subjective scales, physical examination, and return to sport status. We recorded the rates and timings of return to sport. Subjective scales included the 2000 International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score, Lysholm Knee Scaling Score (LKSS), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Tegner activity score, Marx activity rating score, and Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI). Anterior knee stability was assessed using the KT-1000 arthrometer.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Fifty cases (LARS group: 27; ATT group: 23) enrolled and 45 (LARS group: 23; ATT group: 22) completed evaluations with a median follow-up period of 49 months. At recent follow-up, LARS group outperformed in knee stability (1.0 ± 1.9 mm vs. 2.6 ± 3.0 mm, P = 0.039), confidence (86.7 ± 12.4 vs. 69.4 ± 18.6, P < 0.001), emotion (82.7 ± 11.3 vs. 70.7 ± 16.2, P < 0.001), KOOS knee function (78.7 ± 8.8 vs. 69.5 ± 11.0, P = 0.003), quality of life (79.1 ± 16.1 vs. 66.4 ± 19.5, P = 0.014), Tegner score (6.3 ± 1.9 vs. 5.2 ± 2.1, P < 0.001), and Marx activity score (10.7 ± 3.7 vs. 7.9 ± 4.0, P = 0.012). The LARS group had significantly higher return rates: recreational (91.3 % vs. 63.6 %, P = 0.026), knee cutting and pivoting (87.0 % vs. 59.1 %, P = 0.035), competitive (78.3 % vs. 45.5 %, P = 0.023), and pre-injury (56.5 % vs. 27.3 %, P = 0.047). For return timings, the LARS group was earlier at recreational (11.2 ± 3.9 vs. 27.8 ± 9.0 weeks, P < 0.001), knee cutting and pivoting (17.2 ± 5.8 vs. 35.6 ± 13.8 weeks, P < 0.001), competitive (24.8 ± 16.2 vs. 53.2 ± 22.0 weeks, P < 0.001), and pre-injury levels (32.8 ± 11.0 vs. 72.8 ± 16.9 weeks, P < 0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In ACL revision, using LARS demonstrated improved joint stability and functionality compared to using allogenic ATT four years postoperative. Patients accepting the LARS procedure exhibited higher rates and earlier timings of return to various levels of sport, indicating enhanced confidence and emotional resilience.</p></div><div><h3>The translational potential of this article</h3><p>In ACL revision, the choice of artifi","PeriodicalId":16636,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214031X24000457/pdfft?md5=9052757f99c9acb29a5fb13d9254c1d8&pid=1-s2.0-S2214031X24000457-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141424004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.05.001
Mingchao Zhang , Yingkang Huang , Jinyu Bai , Wushuang Xu , Huajian Shan , Lei Sheng , Xiang Gao , Yu Han , Shiyou Wang , Chaowen Bai , Bo Tian , Yichao Ni , Qirong Dong , Feng Ma , Xiaozhong Zhou
Background
Over-activated osteoclast (OC) is a major cause of diseases related to bone loss and bone metabolism. Both bone resorption inhibition and apoptosis induction of osteoclast are crucial in treating these diseases. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP)-associated factor 1 (XAF1) is an important interferon-stimulated and apoptotic gene. However, how XAF1 regulates bone formation and remodeling is unknown.
Methods
We generate global and chimeric Xaf1 knockout mouse models and utilize these models to explore the function and mechanism of XAF1 in regulating bone formation and remodeling in vivo and in vitro.
Results
We show that XAF1 depletion enhances osteoclast generation in vitro. XAF1 knockout increases osteoclast number and bone resorption, thereby exacerbating bone loss in both OVX and osteolysis models. Activation of XAF1 with BV6 (a potent XIAP inhibitor) suppresses osteoclast formation. Mechanistically, XAF1 deletion decreases osteoclast apoptosis by facilitating the interaction between XIAP and caspase-3/7.
Conclusions
Our data illustrates an essential role of XAF1 in controlling osteoclastogenesis in both osteoporosis and osteolysis mouse models and highlights its underlying mechanism, indicating a potential role in clinical treatment.
The translational potential of this article: The translation potential of this article is that we first indicated that osteoclast apoptosis induced by XAF1 contribute to the progression of osteoporosis and osteolysis, which provides a novel strategy in the prevention of osteoporosis and osteolysis.
{"title":"XAF1 promotes osteoclast apoptosis by antagonizing the XIAP-caspase axis","authors":"Mingchao Zhang , Yingkang Huang , Jinyu Bai , Wushuang Xu , Huajian Shan , Lei Sheng , Xiang Gao , Yu Han , Shiyou Wang , Chaowen Bai , Bo Tian , Yichao Ni , Qirong Dong , Feng Ma , Xiaozhong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jot.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jot.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Over-activated osteoclast (OC) is a major cause of diseases related to bone loss and bone metabolism. Both bone resorption inhibition and apoptosis induction of osteoclast are crucial in treating these diseases. <em>X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP)-associated factor 1 (XAF1)</em> is an important interferon-stimulated and apoptotic gene. However, how <em>XAF1</em> regulates bone formation and remodeling is unknown.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We generate global and chimeric <em>Xaf1</em> knockout mouse models and utilize these models to explore the function and mechanism of <em>XAF1</em> in regulating bone formation and remodeling <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We show that <em>XAF1</em> depletion enhances osteoclast generation <em>in vitro</em>. <em>XAF1</em> knockout increases osteoclast number and bone resorption, thereby exacerbating bone loss in both OVX and osteolysis models. Activation of XAF1 with BV6 (a potent XIAP inhibitor) suppresses osteoclast formation. Mechanistically, <em>XAF1</em> deletion decreases osteoclast apoptosis by facilitating the interaction between XIAP and caspase-3/7.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our data illustrates an essential role of <em>XAF1</em> in controlling osteoclastogenesis in both osteoporosis and osteolysis mouse models and highlights its underlying mechanism, indicating a potential role in clinical treatment.</p><p>The translational potential of this article: The translation potential of this article is that we first indicated that osteoclast apoptosis induced by XAF1 contribute to the progression of osteoporosis and osteolysis, which provides a novel strategy in the prevention of osteoporosis and osteolysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16636,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214031X24000433/pdfft?md5=9925a3ade1d74d3c09b11c4dc3d90f2c&pid=1-s2.0-S2214031X24000433-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141290335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.05.002
Markus Laubach , Buddhi Herath , Sinduja Suresh , Siamak Saifzadeh , Bronwin L. Dargaville , Silvia Cometta , Victoria Schemenz , Marie-Luise Wille , Jacqui McGovern , Dietmar W. Hutmacher , Flavia Medeiros Savi , Nathalie Bock
Background
The deployment of bone grafts (BGs) is critical to the success of scaffold-guided bone regeneration (SGBR) of large bone defects. It is thus critical to provide harvesting devices that maximize osteogenic capacity of the autograft while also minimizing graft damage during collection. As an alternative to the Reamer-Irrigator-Aspirator 2 (RIA 2) system – the gold standard for large-volume graft harvesting used in orthopaedic clinics today – a novel intramedullary BG harvesting concept has been preclinically introduced and referred to as the ARA (aspirator + reaming-aspiration) concept. The ARA concept uses aspiration of the intramedullary content, followed by medullary reaming-aspiration of the endosteal bone. This concept allows greater customization of BG harvesting conditions vis-à-vis the RIA 2 system. Following its successful in vitro validation, we hypothesized that an ARA concept-collected BG would have comparable in vivo osteogenic capacity compared to the RIA 2 system-collected BG.
Methods
We used 3D-printed, medical-grade polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite (mPCL-HA, wt 96 %:4 %) scaffolds with a Voronoi design, loaded with or without different sheep-harvested BGs and tested them in an ectopic bone formation rat model for up to 8 weeks.
Results
Active bone regeneration was observed throughout the scaffold-BG constructs, particularly on the surface of the bone chips with endochondral bone formation, and highly vascularized tissue formed within the fully interconnected pore architecture. There were no differences between the BGs derived from the RIA 2 system and the ARA concept in new bone volume formation and in compression tests (Young's modulus, p = 0.74; yield strength, p = 0.50). These results highlight that the osteogenic capacities of the mPCL-HA Voronoi scaffold loaded with BGs from the ARA concept and the RIA 2 system are equivalent.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the ARA concept offers a promising alternative to the RIA 2 system for harvesting BGs to be clinically integrated into SGBR strategies.
The translational potential of this article
Our results show that biodegradable composite scaffolds loaded with BGs from the novel intramedullary harvesting concept and the RIA 2 system have equivalent osteogenic capacity. Thus, the innovative, highly intuitive intramedullary harvesting concept offers a promising alternative to the RIA 2 system for harvesting bone grafts, which are an important component for the routine translation of SGBR concepts into clinical practice.
{"title":"An innovative intramedullary bone graft harvesting concept as a fundamental component of scaffold-guided bone regeneration: A preclinical in vivo validation","authors":"Markus Laubach , Buddhi Herath , Sinduja Suresh , Siamak Saifzadeh , Bronwin L. Dargaville , Silvia Cometta , Victoria Schemenz , Marie-Luise Wille , Jacqui McGovern , Dietmar W. Hutmacher , Flavia Medeiros Savi , Nathalie Bock","doi":"10.1016/j.jot.2024.05.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jot.2024.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The deployment of bone grafts (BGs) is critical to the success of scaffold-guided bone regeneration (SGBR) of large bone defects. It is thus critical to provide harvesting devices that maximize osteogenic capacity of the autograft while also minimizing graft damage during collection. As an alternative to the Reamer-Irrigator-Aspirator 2 (RIA 2) system – the gold standard for large-volume graft harvesting used in orthopaedic clinics today – a novel intramedullary BG harvesting concept has been preclinically introduced and referred to as the ARA (aspirator + reaming-aspiration) concept. The ARA concept uses aspiration of the intramedullary content, followed by medullary reaming-aspiration of the endosteal bone. This concept allows greater customization of BG harvesting conditions vis-à-vis the RIA 2 system. Following its successful <em>in vitro</em> validation, we hypothesized that an ARA concept-collected BG would have comparable <em>in vivo</em> osteogenic capacity compared to the RIA 2 system-collected BG.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used 3D-printed, medical-grade polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite (mPCL-HA, wt 96 %:4 %) scaffolds with a Voronoi design, loaded with or without different sheep-harvested BGs and tested them in an ectopic bone formation rat model for up to 8 weeks.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Active bone regeneration was observed throughout the scaffold-BG constructs, particularly on the surface of the bone chips with endochondral bone formation, and highly vascularized tissue formed within the fully interconnected pore architecture. There were no differences between the BGs derived from the RIA 2 system and the ARA concept in new bone volume formation and in compression tests (Young's modulus, <em>p</em> = 0.74; yield strength, <em>p</em> = 0.50). These results highlight that the osteogenic capacities of the mPCL-HA Voronoi scaffold loaded with BGs from the ARA concept and the RIA 2 system are equivalent.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In conclusion, the ARA concept offers a promising alternative to the RIA 2 system for harvesting BGs to be clinically integrated into SGBR strategies.</p></div><div><h3>The translational potential of this article</h3><p>Our results show that biodegradable composite scaffolds loaded with BGs from the novel intramedullary harvesting concept and the RIA 2 system have equivalent osteogenic capacity. Thus, the innovative, highly intuitive intramedullary harvesting concept offers a promising alternative to the RIA 2 system for harvesting bone grafts, which are an important component for the routine translation of SGBR concepts into clinical practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16636,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214031X24000445/pdfft?md5=2d40fa4e7544cfe5b3ab7ef9d3fde317&pid=1-s2.0-S2214031X24000445-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141249472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.03.002
Jinyi Wu , Yanjun Che , Yue Zhang , Junwen Wang , Ming Chen , Jun Jiang , Qingwu Jiang , Yibiao Zhou
Background
Femur fracture is a type of fracture with high disability and mortality. There is no comprehensive analysis and prediction of the global distribution of femur fractures, so we conducted this study.
Methods
Age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), and years living with disability (YLDs) of femur fractures (excluding femoral neck) were downloaded from the Global burden of disease database. Trend analysis was performed, and 6 time-series machine learning algorithms were applied to predict the global ASIR, ASPR, and YLDs.
Results
ASPR for femur fracture had been increasing in most countries worldwide from 1990 to 2019, with the highest in East Asia (AAPC = 1.25 95%Confidence Interval (1.2, 1.3)) and lowest in Central Latin America (AAPC = −0.74 95%CI (−0.81, −0.67)). However, ASIR showed a significant downward trend worldwide, with East Saharan Africa decreasing the most (AAPC = −4.04 95%CI (−5.56, −2.47)), and East Asia elevating the most (AAPC = 1.11 95%CI (0.87, 1.42)). YLDs were increasing over the world, with East Asia still elevating the most AAPC= (3.9 95%CI (3.85, 3.95)), with the only region of decrease being Eastern Europe (AAPC = −0.28 95%CI (−0.3, −0.26)). Both ASPR and ASIR were higher in women than in men in the >75 year group, whereas YLDs was lower in women than in men in the >60 year group. Globally, the ARIMA model was optimal in the prediction of ASPR, the PROPHET model effected in the prediction of ASIR, and the PROPHET WITH XGBOOST model was the best in the prediction of YLDs. The projections showed increase in both ASPR and YLDs, except for ASIR decreasing by 2030.
Conclusions
Our study found a rise in femur fracture ASPR and ASIR from 1990 to 2019 in war conflict areas and East Asia, meanwhile, the YLDs of femur fracture increased in populous countries. In both 1990 and 2019, both ASPR and ASIR were higher in women over 75 years than that in men, but YLDs was higher in men over 60 years than that in women. In 2020–2030, while global femur fracture ASIR might decline, both ASPR and YLDs might rise.
The Translational Potential of this article
Femur fracture is a high-energy injury due to direct violence, and in war, conflicting and underdeveloped regions such as East Asia. Accidental injuries may occur due to the rapid development of industry and the frequent traffic accidents. This study suggests that we should focus on elderly women (≥75 years) in the above regions in the future. For older men (>60 years old), more attention should be paid to post-fracture functional rehabilitation and early reintegration into society to reduce the disability rate and lower the socio-economic burden.
{"title":"Global, regional, national trends of femur fracture and machine learning prediction: Comprehensive findings and questions from global burden of disease 1990–2019","authors":"Jinyi Wu , Yanjun Che , Yue Zhang , Junwen Wang , Ming Chen , Jun Jiang , Qingwu Jiang , Yibiao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jot.2024.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jot.2024.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Femur fracture is a type of fracture with high disability and mortality. There is no comprehensive analysis and prediction of the global distribution of femur fractures, so we conducted this study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), and years living with disability (YLDs) of femur fractures (excluding femoral neck) were downloaded from the Global burden of disease database. Trend analysis was performed, and 6 time-series machine learning algorithms were applied to predict the global ASIR, ASPR, and YLDs.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>ASPR for femur fracture had been increasing in most countries worldwide from 1990 to 2019, with the highest in East Asia (AAPC = 1.25 95%Confidence Interval (1.2, 1.3)) and lowest in Central Latin America (AAPC = −0.74 95%CI (−0.81, −0.67)). However, ASIR showed a significant downward trend worldwide, with East Saharan Africa decreasing the most (AAPC = −4.04 95%CI (−5.56, −2.47)), and East Asia elevating the most (AAPC = 1.11 95%CI (0.87, 1.42)). YLDs were increasing over the world, with East Asia still elevating the most AAPC= (3.9 95%CI (3.85, 3.95)), with the only region of decrease being Eastern Europe (AAPC = −0.28 95%CI (−0.3, −0.26)). Both ASPR and ASIR were higher in women than in men in the >75 year group, whereas YLDs was lower in women than in men in the >60 year group. Globally, the ARIMA model was optimal in the prediction of ASPR, the PROPHET model effected in the prediction of ASIR, and the PROPHET WITH XGBOOST model was the best in the prediction of YLDs. The projections showed increase in both ASPR and YLDs, except for ASIR decreasing by 2030.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study found a rise in femur fracture ASPR and ASIR from 1990 to 2019 in war conflict areas and East Asia, meanwhile, the YLDs of femur fracture increased in populous countries. In both 1990 and 2019, both ASPR and ASIR were higher in women over 75 years than that in men, but YLDs was higher in men over 60 years than that in women. In 2020–2030, while global femur fracture ASIR might decline, both ASPR and YLDs might rise.</p></div><div><h3>The Translational Potential of this article</h3><p>Femur fracture is a high-energy injury due to direct violence, and in war, conflicting and underdeveloped regions such as East Asia. Accidental injuries may occur due to the rapid development of industry and the frequent traffic accidents. This study suggests that we should focus on elderly women (≥75 years) in the above regions in the future. For older men (>60 years old), more attention should be paid to post-fracture functional rehabilitation and early reintegration into society to reduce the disability rate and lower the socio-economic burden.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16636,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214031X24000263/pdfft?md5=b9814b591ace9bd721022d2348397b9a&pid=1-s2.0-S2214031X24000263-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140950917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.03.004
Lina Zhang , Xinxing Wang , Guang Xia , Junjie Huang , Zi Wen , Chi Liang , Xu Cao , Yong Zhou , Song Wu
Background
The cartilage stem/progenitor cells (CSPC) play a critical role in maintaining cartilage homeostasis. However, the effects of phenotypic fluctuations of CSPC on cartilage degeneration and the role of CSPC in the pathogenesis of OA is largely unknown.
Methods
The cartilage samples of 3 non-OA and 10 OA patients were collected. Human CSPC (hCSPC) derived from these patients were isolated, identified, and evaluated for cellular functions. Additionally, chondrocytes derived from OA patients were isolated. The effect of Yes-associated protein (YAP) expression on hCSPC was investigated in vitro. The OA rat model was established by Hulth's method. Lentivirus-mediated YAP (Lv-YAP) or lentivirus-mediated YAP RNAi (Lv-YAP-RNAi) was injected intra-articularly to modulate YAP expression in rat joints. In addition, allogeneic rat CSPC (rCSPC) overexpressing or silencing YAP were transplanted by intra-articularly injection. We also evaluated the functions of rCSPC and the OA-related cartilage phenotype in the rat model. Finally, the transcriptome of OA rCSPC overexpressing YAP was examined to explore the potential downstream targets of YAP in rCSPC.
Results
hCSPC derived from OA patients exhibited differential chondrogenesis capacity. Among them, a subset of hCSPC showed pronounced dysfunction, including impaired chondrogenic differentiation, inhibition of proliferation and migration, and downregulation of lubricin. Additionally, YAP was lowly expressed in quiescent non-OA hCSPC, upregulated in activated OA hCSPC, but significantly downregulated in dysfunctional OA hCSPC. Notably, the overexpression of YAP in OA hCSPC improved the proliferation, lubricin production, cell migration, and senescence, while silencing YAP had the opposite effect. In vivo, upregulation of YAP in the joint delayed OA progression and improved the cartilage regeneration capacity of rCSPC. Using transcriptomic analysis, we found that YAP may regulate rCSPC function by upregulating Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 2 (BIRC2). Importantly, the knockdown of BIRC2 partly blocked the regulation of YAP on the CSPC function.
Conclusion
Dysfunction of CSPC compromises the intrinsic repair capacity of cartilage and impairs cartilage homeostasis in OA. Notably, the transcriptional co-activator YAP plays a critical role in maintaining CSPC function through potential target gene BIRC2.
The Translational Potential of this Article
In this study, we observed targeting the YAP-BIRC2 axis improved the CSPC function and restored the cartilage homeostasis in OA. This study provides a potential stem cell-modifying OA therapy.
背景软骨干/祖细胞(CSPC)在维持软骨稳态中发挥着关键作用。方法收集了3名非OA患者和10名OA患者的软骨样本。方法收集了 3 名非 OA 患者和 10 名 OA 患者的软骨样本,并分离、鉴定和评估了从这些患者身上提取的人类 CSPC(hCSPC)的细胞功能。此外,还分离了来自 OA 患者的软骨细胞。体外研究了Yes相关蛋白(YAP)表达对hCSPC的影响。用 Hulth 方法建立了 OA 大鼠模型。大鼠关节内注射慢病毒介导的YAP(Lv-YAP)或慢病毒介导的YAP RNAi(Lv-YAP-RNAi)以调节YAP的表达。此外,还通过关节内注射移植了过表达或沉默 YAP 的异体大鼠 CSPC(rCSPC)。我们还评估了rCSPC的功能以及大鼠模型中与OA相关的软骨表型。最后,我们检测了过表达 YAP 的 OA rCSPC 的转录组,以探索 YAP 在 rCSPC 中的潜在下游靶点。其中,一部分 hCSPC 表现出明显的功能障碍,包括软骨分化受损、增殖和迁移受抑制以及润滑素下调。此外,YAP在静止的非OA hCSPC中低表达,在活化的OA hCSPC中上调,但在功能障碍的OA hCSPC中显著下调。值得注意的是,在OA hCSPC中过表达YAP可改善细胞增殖、润滑蛋白生成、细胞迁移和衰老,而沉默YAP则产生相反的效果。在体内,YAP在关节中的上调可延缓OA的进展,并提高rCSPC的软骨再生能力。通过转录组分析,我们发现YAP可能通过上调含Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 2(BIRC2)来调控rCSPC的功能。重要的是,敲除 BIRC2 部分阻断了 YAP 对 CSPC 功能的调控。值得注意的是,转录共激活因子YAP通过潜在的靶基因BIRC2在维持CSPC功能方面发挥着关键作用。这项研究提供了一种潜在的干细胞修饰OA疗法。
{"title":"YAP maintains cartilage stem/progenitor cell homeostasis in osteoarthritis","authors":"Lina Zhang , Xinxing Wang , Guang Xia , Junjie Huang , Zi Wen , Chi Liang , Xu Cao , Yong Zhou , Song Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jot.2024.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jot.2024.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The cartilage stem/progenitor cells (CSPC) play a critical role in maintaining cartilage homeostasis. However, the effects of phenotypic fluctuations of CSPC on cartilage degeneration and the role of CSPC in the pathogenesis of OA is largely unknown.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The cartilage samples of 3 non-OA and 10 OA patients were collected. Human CSPC (hCSPC) derived from these patients were isolated, identified, and evaluated for cellular functions. Additionally, chondrocytes derived from OA patients were isolated. The effect of Yes-associated protein (YAP) expression on hCSPC was investigated <em>in vitro</em>. The OA rat model was established by Hulth's method. Lentivirus-mediated YAP (Lv-YAP) or lentivirus-mediated YAP RNAi (Lv-YAP-RNAi) was injected intra-articularly to modulate YAP expression in rat joints. In addition, allogeneic rat CSPC (rCSPC) overexpressing or silencing YAP were transplanted by intra-articularly injection. We also evaluated the functions of rCSPC and the OA-related cartilage phenotype in the rat model. Finally, the transcriptome of OA rCSPC overexpressing YAP was examined to explore the potential downstream targets of YAP in rCSPC.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>hCSPC derived from OA patients exhibited differential chondrogenesis capacity. Among them, a subset of hCSPC showed pronounced dysfunction, including impaired chondrogenic differentiation, inhibition of proliferation and migration, and downregulation of lubricin. Additionally, YAP was lowly expressed in quiescent non-OA hCSPC, upregulated in activated OA hCSPC, but significantly downregulated in dysfunctional OA hCSPC. Notably, the overexpression of YAP in OA hCSPC improved the proliferation, lubricin production, cell migration, and senescence, while silencing YAP had the opposite effect. In vivo, upregulation of YAP in the joint delayed OA progression and improved the cartilage regeneration capacity of rCSPC. Using transcriptomic analysis, we found that YAP may regulate rCSPC function by upregulating Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 2 (BIRC2). Importantly, the knockdown of BIRC2 partly blocked the regulation of YAP on the CSPC function.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Dysfunction of CSPC compromises the intrinsic repair capacity of cartilage and impairs cartilage homeostasis in OA. Notably, the transcriptional co-activator YAP plays a critical role in maintaining CSPC function through potential target gene BIRC2.</p></div><div><h3>The Translational Potential of this Article</h3><p>In this study, we observed targeting the YAP-BIRC2 axis improved the CSPC function and restored the cartilage homeostasis in OA. This study provides a potential stem cell-modifying OA therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16636,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214031X24000299/pdfft?md5=0b62e06315d07b53f23f0b498aa8c1ac&pid=1-s2.0-S2214031X24000299-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141083808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and degenerative condition that persists and progresses over time. Sipeimine (Sip), a steroidal alkaloid derived from Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, has attracted considerable attention due to its exceptional anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, and anti-cancer characteristics. However, Sip's effects on OA and its mechanism still need further research.
Methods
This study utilized network pharmacology to identify initial targets for Sip. Functional associations of Sip in OA were clarified through Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, bioinformatically analyzing a list of targets. Subsequently, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis assessed pathways linked to Sip's therapeutic efficacy in OA. Molecular docking techniques explored Sip's binding affinity with key targets. In vitro experiments assessed Sip's impact on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory factors and its protective effects on collagen-II and aggrecan degradation within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Western blotting and fluorescence analyses were conducted to determine Sip-mediated signaling pathways. Moreover, in vivo experiments using a mouse OA model validated Sip's therapeutic efficacy.
Results
The results from network pharmacology revealed a total of 57 candidate targets for Sip in OA treatment. GO enrichment analysis demonstrated a robust correlation between Sip and inflammatory response, response to LPS and NF-κB-inducing kinase activity in OA. KEGG enrichment analysis highlighted the significance of NF-κB and PI3K-AKT pathways in Sip's therapeutic potential for OA. Furthermore, molecular docking results demonstrated Sip's robust binding affinity with p65 and PI3K. In vitro experiments demonstrated Sip's effectively suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory factors induced by LPS, such as COX-2, iNOS, IL-1β, and IL-18. Besides, Sip counteracted the degradation of collagen-II and aggrecan within the ECM and the expression of MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 mediated by LPS. The safeguarding effects of Sip were ascribed to its inhibition of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome mediated pyroptosis. Additionally, in vivo experiments revealed that Sip could alleviate the subchondral remodeling, cartilage degeneration, synovitis as well as ECM degradation a mouse model of OA.
Conclusion
Sip exhibited potential in attenuating OA progression by suppressing the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway, consequently inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis.
The translational potential statement
The translational potential of this articleThis study provides a biological rationale for the use of Sip as a potential candidate for OA treatment, provide a new concept for the cartilage targeted application of natural compounds.
背景骨关节炎(OA)是一种慢性退行性疾病,会随着时间的推移而持续恶化。西比灵(Sipeimine,简称Sip)是一种甾体生物碱,提取自川贝母(Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus),因其卓越的抗炎、镇痛、抗氧化和抗癌特性而备受关注。然而,Sip 对 OA 的作用及其机制仍需进一步研究。通过基因本体(Gene Ontology,GO)富集分析,生物信息学分析靶点列表,明确了 Sip 在 OA 中的功能关联。随后,京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集分析评估了与西普对 OA 疗效相关的途径。分子对接技术探索了 Sip 与关键靶点的结合亲和力。体外实验评估了Sip对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的促炎因子的影响及其对细胞外基质(ECM)中胶原蛋白II和凝集素降解的保护作用。为确定 Sip 介导的信号通路,进行了 Western 印迹和荧光分析。此外,使用小鼠 OA 模型进行的体内实验验证了 Sip 的疗效。GO富集分析表明,Sip与OA中的炎症反应、对LPS的反应和NF-κB诱导激酶活性密切相关。KEGG 富集分析强调了 NF-κB 和 PI3K-AKT 通路在西普治疗 OA 潜力中的重要性。此外,分子对接结果表明 Sip 与 p65 和 PI3K 有很强的结合亲和力。体外实验表明,Sip 能有效抑制 LPS 诱导的促炎因子的表达,如 COX-2、iNOS、IL-1β 和 IL-18。此外,西普还能抑制 LPS 介导的 ECM 中胶原蛋白-II 和 aggrecan 的降解以及 MMP-13 和 ADAMTS-5 的表达。Sip 的保护作用可归因于它对 PI3K/AKT/NF-κB 通路和 NLRP3 炎性体介导的脓毒症的抑制。结论 Sip 通过抑制 PI3K/AKT/NF-κB 通路,进而抑制 NLRP3 炎性体的活化和裂解,具有减轻 OA 进展的潜力。转化潜力声明本文的转化潜力这项研究为将 Sip 用作治疗 OA 的潜在候选药物提供了生物学依据,为软骨靶向应用天然化合物提供了新的概念。
{"title":"Sipeimine ameliorates osteoarthritis progression by suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis through inhibition of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway: An in vitro and in vivo study","authors":"Yuqin Fang , Chao Lou , Junlei Lv , Chaoyang Zhang , Ziteng Zhu , Wei Hu , Hua Chen , Liaojun Sun , Wenhao Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jot.2024.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jot.2024.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and degenerative condition that persists and progresses over time. Sipeimine (Sip), a steroidal alkaloid derived from <em>Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus</em>, has attracted considerable attention due to its exceptional anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, and anti-cancer characteristics. However, Sip's effects on OA and its mechanism still need further research.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study utilized network pharmacology to identify initial targets for Sip. Functional associations of Sip in OA were clarified through Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, bioinformatically analyzing a list of targets. Subsequently, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis assessed pathways linked to Sip's therapeutic efficacy in OA. Molecular docking techniques explored Sip's binding affinity with key targets. In vitro experiments assessed Sip's impact on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory factors and its protective effects on collagen-II and aggrecan degradation within the extracellular matrix (ECM). Western blotting and fluorescence analyses were conducted to determine Sip-mediated signaling pathways. Moreover, in vivo experiments using a mouse OA model validated Sip's therapeutic efficacy.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results from network pharmacology revealed a total of 57 candidate targets for Sip in OA treatment. GO enrichment analysis demonstrated a robust correlation between Sip and inflammatory response, response to LPS and NF-κB-inducing kinase activity in OA. KEGG enrichment analysis highlighted the significance of NF-κB and PI3K-AKT pathways in Sip's therapeutic potential for OA. Furthermore, molecular docking results demonstrated Sip's robust binding affinity with p65 and PI3K. In vitro experiments demonstrated Sip's effectively suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory factors induced by LPS, such as COX-2, iNOS, IL-1β, and IL-18. Besides, Sip counteracted the degradation of collagen-II and aggrecan within the ECM and the expression of MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 mediated by LPS. The safeguarding effects of Sip were ascribed to its inhibition of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome mediated pyroptosis. Additionally, in vivo experiments revealed that Sip could alleviate the subchondral remodeling, cartilage degeneration, synovitis as well as ECM degradation a mouse model of OA.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Sip exhibited potential in attenuating OA progression by suppressing the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway, consequently inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis.</p></div><div><h3>The translational potential statement</h3><p>The translational potential of this articleThis study provides a biological rationale for the use of Sip as a potential candidate for OA treatment, provide a new concept for the cartilage targeted application of natural compounds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16636,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214031X2400041X/pdfft?md5=1359d7b076e48765a52220bf060fe590&pid=1-s2.0-S2214031X2400041X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140893301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.05.006
Tingting Tang
{"title":"Aging and musculoskeletal health","authors":"Tingting Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.jot.2024.05.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jot.2024.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16636,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214031X24000482/pdfft?md5=0af013808d5dd681af67e7eceb9658e2&pid=1-s2.0-S2214031X24000482-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141314163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.04.005
Haoye Meng , Xuejian Liu , Ronghui Liu , Yudong Zheng , Angyang Hou , Shuyun Liu , Wei He , Yu Wang , Aiyuan Wang , Quanyi Guo , Jiang Peng
Background
Osteochondral regeneration has long been recognized as a complex and challenging project in the field of tissue engineering. In particular, reconstructing the osteochondral interface is crucial for determining the effectiveness of the repair. Although several artificial layered or gradient scaffolds have been developed recently to simulate the natural interface, the functions of this unique structure have still not been fully replicated. In this paper, we utilized laser micro-patterning technology (LMPT) to modify the natural osteochondral “plugs” for use as grafts and aimed to directly apply the functional interface unit to repair osteochondral defects in a goat model.
Methods
For in vitro evaluations, the optimal combination of LMPT parameters was confirmed through mechanical testing, finite element analysis, and comparing decellularization efficiency. The structural and biological properties of the laser micro-patterned osteochondral implants (LMP-OI) were verified by measuring the permeability of the interface and assessing the recellularization processes. In the goat model for osteochondral regeneration, a conical frustum-shaped defect was specifically created in the weight-bearing area of femoral condyles using a customized trephine with a variable diameter. This unreported defect shape enabled the implant to properly self-fix as expected.
Results
The micro-patterning with the suitable pore density and morphology increased the permeability of the LMP-OIs, accelerated decellularization, maintained mechanical stability, and provided two relative independent microenvironments for subsequent recellularization. The LMP-OIs with goat's autologous bone marrow stromal cells in the cartilage layer have securely integrated into the osteochondral defects. At 6 and 12 months after implantation, both imaging and histological assessments showed a significant improvement in the healing of the cartilage and subchondral bone.
Conclusion
With the natural interface unit and zonal recellularization, the LMP-OI is an ideal scaffold to repair osteochondral defects especially in large animals.
The translational potential of this article
These findings suggest that such a modified xenogeneic osteochondral implant could potentially be explored in clinical translation for treatment of osteochondral injuries. Furthermore, trimming a conical frustum shape to the defect region, especially for large-sized defects, may be an effective way to achieve self-fixing for the implant.
{"title":"Decellularized laser micro-patterned osteochondral implants exhibit zonal recellularization and self-fixing for osteochondral regeneration in a goat model","authors":"Haoye Meng , Xuejian Liu , Ronghui Liu , Yudong Zheng , Angyang Hou , Shuyun Liu , Wei He , Yu Wang , Aiyuan Wang , Quanyi Guo , Jiang Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.jot.2024.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jot.2024.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Osteochondral regeneration has long been recognized as a complex and challenging project in the field of tissue engineering. In particular, reconstructing the osteochondral interface is crucial for determining the effectiveness of the repair. Although several artificial layered or gradient scaffolds have been developed recently to simulate the natural interface, the functions of this unique structure have still not been fully replicated. In this paper, we utilized laser micro-patterning technology (LMPT) to modify the natural osteochondral “plugs” for use as grafts and aimed to directly apply the functional interface unit to repair osteochondral defects in a goat model.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>For in vitro evaluations, the optimal combination of LMPT parameters was confirmed through mechanical testing, finite element analysis, and comparing decellularization efficiency. The structural and biological properties of the laser micro-patterned osteochondral implants (LMP-OI) were verified by measuring the permeability of the interface and assessing the recellularization processes. In the goat model for osteochondral regeneration, a conical frustum-shaped defect was specifically created in the weight-bearing area of femoral condyles using a customized trephine with a variable diameter. This unreported defect shape enabled the implant to properly self-fix as expected.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The micro-patterning with the suitable pore density and morphology increased the permeability of the LMP-OIs, accelerated decellularization, maintained mechanical stability, and provided two relative independent microenvironments for subsequent recellularization. The LMP-OIs with goat's autologous bone marrow stromal cells in the cartilage layer have securely integrated into the osteochondral defects. At 6 and 12 months after implantation, both imaging and histological assessments showed a significant improvement in the healing of the cartilage and subchondral bone.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>With the natural interface unit and zonal recellularization, the LMP-OI is an ideal scaffold to repair osteochondral defects especially in large animals.</p></div><div><h3>The translational potential of this article</h3><p>These findings suggest that such a modified xenogeneic osteochondral implant could potentially be explored in clinical translation for treatment of osteochondral injuries. Furthermore, trimming a conical frustum shape to the defect region, especially for large-sized defects, may be an effective way to achieve self-fixing for the implant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16636,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214031X24000421/pdfft?md5=accc0f1e9f084a3ffec7c5b50e01064e&pid=1-s2.0-S2214031X24000421-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140900921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2024.03.001
Boyang Liu , Jiao Zhang , Jinge Zhang , Xiaolei Ji , Rong Wang , Aixiu Gong , Dengshun Miao
Background
Age-related mandibular osteoporosis frequently causes loose teeth, difficulty eating, and disfiguration in elders. Bmi1−/− mice displaying accelerated skeletal aging represent a useful model for testing interventions against premature jaw bone loss. As an anti-aging agent, metformin may ameliorate molecular dysfunction driving osteoporosis pathogenesis. We explored the mechanisms of mandibular osteopenia in Bmi1−/− mice and prevention by metformin treatment.
Methods
Three mouse groups were utilized: wild-type controls, untreated Bmi1−/−, and Bmi1−/− receiving 1 g/kg metformin diet. Mandibular bone phenotype was assessed by X-ray, micro-CT, histology, and immunohistochemistry. AMPK-mTOR pathway analysis, senescence markers, osteoblast and osteoclast gene expression were evaluated in jaw tissue. Osteoclast differentiation capacity and associated signaling molecules were examined in cultured Bmi1−/− bone marrow mononuclear cells ± metformin.
Results
Bmi1 loss reduced mandible bone density concomitant with decreased AMPK activity, increased mTOR signaling and cellular senescence in jaw tissue versus wild-type controls. This was accompanied by impaired osteoblast function and upregulated osteoclastogenesis markers. Metformin administration normalized AMPK-mTOR balance, oxidative stress and senescence signaling to significantly improve mandibular bone architecture in Bmi1−/− mice. In culture, metformin attenuated excessive osteoclast differentiation from Bmi1−/− marrow precursors by correcting dysregulated AMPK-mTOR-p53 pathway activity and suppressing novel pro-osteoclastogenic factor Stfa1.
Conclusions
Our study newly demonstrates metformin prevents accelerated jaw bone loss in a premature aging murine model by rectifying molecular dysfunction in cellular energy sensors, redox state, senescence and osteoclastogenesis pathways. Targeting such age-associated mechanisms contributing to osteoporosis pathogenesis may help maintain oral health and aesthetics in the growing elderly population.
Translational potential
The pronounced mandibular osteopenia exhibited in Bmi1−/− mice represents an accelerated model of jaw bone deterioration observed during human aging. Our finding that metformin preserves mandibular bone integrity in this progeroid model has important clinical implications. As an inexpensive oral medication already widely used to manage diabetes, metformin holds translational promise for mitigating age-related osteoporosis. The mandible is essential for chewing, swallowing, speech and facial structure, but progressively loses bone mass and strength with advancing age, significantly impacting seniors' nutrition, physical function and self-image. Our results suggest metformin's ability to rectify cellular energy imbalance, oxidative str
{"title":"Metformin prevents mandibular bone loss in a mouse model of accelerated aging by correcting dysregulated AMPK-mTOR signaling and osteoclast differentiation","authors":"Boyang Liu , Jiao Zhang , Jinge Zhang , Xiaolei Ji , Rong Wang , Aixiu Gong , Dengshun Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.jot.2024.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jot.2024.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Age-related mandibular osteoporosis frequently causes loose teeth, difficulty eating, and disfiguration in elders. Bmi1<sup>−/−</sup> mice displaying accelerated skeletal aging represent a useful model for testing interventions against premature jaw bone loss. As an anti-aging agent, metformin may ameliorate molecular dysfunction driving osteoporosis pathogenesis. We explored the mechanisms of mandibular osteopenia in Bmi1<sup>−/−</sup> mice and prevention by metformin treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Three mouse groups were utilized: wild-type controls, untreated Bmi1<sup>−/−</sup>, and Bmi1<sup>−/−</sup> receiving 1 g/kg metformin diet. Mandibular bone phenotype was assessed by X-ray, micro-CT, histology, and immunohistochemistry. AMPK-mTOR pathway analysis, senescence markers, osteoblast and osteoclast gene expression were evaluated in jaw tissue. Osteoclast differentiation capacity and associated signaling molecules were examined in cultured Bmi1<sup>−/−</sup> bone marrow mononuclear cells ± metformin.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Bmi1 loss reduced mandible bone density concomitant with decreased AMPK activity, increased mTOR signaling and cellular senescence in jaw tissue versus wild-type controls. This was accompanied by impaired osteoblast function and upregulated osteoclastogenesis markers. Metformin administration normalized AMPK-mTOR balance, oxidative stress and senescence signaling to significantly improve mandibular bone architecture in Bmi1<sup>−/−</sup> mice. In culture, metformin attenuated excessive osteoclast differentiation from Bmi1<sup>−/−</sup> marrow precursors by correcting dysregulated AMPK-mTOR-p53 pathway activity and suppressing novel pro-osteoclastogenic factor Stfa1.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study newly demonstrates metformin prevents accelerated jaw bone loss in a premature aging murine model by rectifying molecular dysfunction in cellular energy sensors, redox state, senescence and osteoclastogenesis pathways. Targeting such age-associated mechanisms contributing to osteoporosis pathogenesis may help maintain oral health and aesthetics in the growing elderly population.</p></div><div><h3>Translational potential</h3><p>The pronounced mandibular osteopenia exhibited in Bmi1<sup>−/−</sup> mice represents an accelerated model of jaw bone deterioration observed during human aging. Our finding that metformin preserves mandibular bone integrity in this progeroid model has important clinical implications. As an inexpensive oral medication already widely used to manage diabetes, metformin holds translational promise for mitigating age-related osteoporosis. The mandible is essential for chewing, swallowing, speech and facial structure, but progressively loses bone mass and strength with advancing age, significantly impacting seniors' nutrition, physical function and self-image. Our results suggest metformin's ability to rectify cellular energy imbalance, oxidative str","PeriodicalId":16636,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthopaedic Translation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214031X24000251/pdfft?md5=79d26fac88a2c5498e49b75231a25415&pid=1-s2.0-S2214031X24000251-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}