The security paradigm of the world is constantly shifting, and compared to the military and traditional issues, non-military problems are now given significantly greater emphasis. Threats to a person's life and wellness that fall beyond the usual definition of security include climate change. Climate Change has taken a central position on the international forum. The purpose of this study is to analyze climate-driven environmental changes that are anticipated to influence some of the factors that threaten security; undermine livelihoods, increase migration, create political instability or other forms of insecurity, and weaken the capabilities of states to respond to challenges appropriately. Some major international issues such as population growth, pollution, melting of ice glaciers, floods, and droughts are interlinked with the above-said problems and are also becoming the core issues within states and borders. Climate Change may result eventually in a plethora of security risks and threats that can also exacerbate conflicts. The purpose of the study is to examine either climate change is a critical issue or whether the states just politicize it. This study aims to investigate how climate change affects security and public perception to recommend policy solutions to these ever-evolving problems. Security is a multidimensional approach that focuses on an individual’s welfare and well-being. Improvement of policymaking in handling the issue of climate change is also a very important factor for peace and human security at the international level.
{"title":"Climate Change as an International Security Issue","authors":"Tahir Mumtaz","doi":"10.59111/jpd.002.01.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59111/jpd.002.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"The security paradigm of the world is constantly shifting, and compared to the military and traditional issues, non-military problems are now given significantly greater emphasis. Threats to a person's life and wellness that fall beyond the usual definition of security include climate change. Climate Change has taken a central position on the international forum. The purpose of this study is to analyze climate-driven environmental changes that are anticipated to influence some of the factors that threaten security; undermine livelihoods, increase migration, create political instability or other forms of insecurity, and weaken the capabilities of states to respond to challenges appropriately. Some major international issues such as population growth, pollution, melting of ice glaciers, floods, and droughts are interlinked with the above-said problems and are also becoming the core issues within states and borders. Climate Change may result eventually in a plethora of security risks and threats that can also exacerbate conflicts. The purpose of the study is to examine either climate change is a critical issue or whether the states just politicize it. This study aims to investigate how climate change affects security and public perception to recommend policy solutions to these ever-evolving problems. Security is a multidimensional approach that focuses on an individual’s welfare and well-being. Improvement of policymaking in handling the issue of climate change is also a very important factor for peace and human security at the international level.","PeriodicalId":166375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peace and Diplomacy","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125951869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are a number of existing theories of deterrence, mainly nuclear deterrence, that explain how states avoid the probability of war when they acquire nuclear power. While most theories generally explain how states deter each other, there is also a deterrence debate between the IR scholars Kenneth Waltz and Scott Sagan over nuclear proliferation assuring security and nuclear proliferation increasing the threat of destruction. Similarly, the stability-instability paradox provides how deterrence lowers the likelihood of war, but the minor skirmishes continue. Under these different theories of deterrence, this paper studies the case of deterrence between India and Pakistan, the two nuclear neighbors and adversaries.
{"title":"Nuclear deterrence and the prevention of war: the case study of India and Pakistan","authors":"Shafaq Hussain","doi":"10.59111/jpd.001.01.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59111/jpd.001.01.019","url":null,"abstract":"There are a number of existing theories of deterrence, mainly nuclear deterrence, that explain how states avoid the probability of war when they acquire nuclear power. While most theories generally explain how states deter each other, there is also a deterrence debate between the IR scholars Kenneth Waltz and Scott Sagan over nuclear proliferation assuring security and nuclear proliferation increasing the threat of destruction. Similarly, the stability-instability paradox provides how deterrence lowers the likelihood of war, but the minor skirmishes continue. Under these different theories of deterrence, this paper studies the case of deterrence between India and Pakistan, the two nuclear neighbors and adversaries.","PeriodicalId":166375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peace and Diplomacy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116032346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Globalization has created major changes in how the world works and conducts its business, but it has also generated a debate upon the viability of cultural practices around the world as the world becomes more connected, and there’s debate on if these differences strengthen the bond among the people of world or are they another chink in the armor. This paper attempts to explain the two dominant perspectives on changing cultural diversity, universalism and relativism to explain the challenges and opportunities globalization faces because of cultural diversity and unity, and tries to ascertain which approach would work best for the everchanging world of the future. Theories of relativism and modernism are applied, and the perspective of globalization is judged through the approaches of universalism and relativism to ultimately arrive at the conclusion that universalism is the way forward for globalization to progress.
{"title":"Globalization: Perspectives from Cultural Relativism and Modernism","authors":"Faryal Qazi","doi":"10.59111/jpd.001.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59111/jpd.001.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization has created major changes in how the world works and conducts its business, but it has also generated a debate upon the viability of cultural practices around the world as the world becomes more connected, and there’s debate on if these differences strengthen the bond among the people of world or are they another chink in the armor. This paper attempts to explain the two dominant perspectives on changing cultural diversity, universalism and relativism to explain the challenges and opportunities globalization faces because of cultural diversity and unity, and tries to ascertain which approach would work best for the everchanging world of the future. Theories of relativism and modernism are applied, and the perspective of globalization is judged through the approaches of universalism and relativism to ultimately arrive at the conclusion that universalism is the way forward for globalization to progress.","PeriodicalId":166375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peace and Diplomacy","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122204408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the increasingly interconnected contemporary world, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization is the epitome of political and economic confluence. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization or SCO, as is commonly known, is a relatively new regional organization with a multi-dimensional agenda that covers the features of security along with economic cooperation. It was initiated in 2001 as a prominent feature of the region, represented by the member states. Originally, the member states included the ‘Shanghai Five’, i.e., the founding states which include China, Russia, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan. The latest addition of India and Pakistan as permanent members of the organization is the harbinger of fruitful expansion of the organization with regards to becoming a noticeable facet of the region, in the global arena. The multi-faceted organization has emerged as an intergovernmental entity that works on the principles of non-interference and integrity of the sovereignty of the member states. This paper aims to discuss the prospects of economic integration and cooperation in the region.
{"title":"An Overview of SCO Multi-lateral Trade and Cooperation","authors":"Zubeda Niazi","doi":"10.59111/jpd.001.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59111/jpd.001.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"In the increasingly interconnected contemporary world, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization is the epitome of political and economic confluence. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization or SCO, as is commonly known, is a relatively new regional organization with a multi-dimensional agenda that covers the features of security along with economic cooperation. It was initiated in 2001 as a prominent feature of the region, represented by the member states. Originally, the member states included the ‘Shanghai Five’, i.e., the founding states which include China, Russia, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan. The latest addition of India and Pakistan as permanent members of the organization is the harbinger of fruitful expansion of the organization with regards to becoming a noticeable facet of the region, in the global arena. The multi-faceted organization has emerged as an intergovernmental entity that works on the principles of non-interference and integrity of the sovereignty of the member states. This paper aims to discuss the prospects of economic integration and cooperation in the region.","PeriodicalId":166375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peace and Diplomacy","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115679651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
South China sea is one of the most significant maritime regions in the world known for the territorial disputes amongst its multiple regional claimants. The past decade has seen the rise of the North American involvement in this region which has made this region much more vulnerable. This study sheds light over the significance of this complex maritime dispute, highlights the trends that contributed to shaping of the dispute into its current state, and analyzes the involvement of USA and comparatively, the strategies of USA and China in the South China sea dispute.
{"title":"Strategic comparison of China and USA in the South China Sea","authors":"Yemeen Hasan","doi":"10.59111/jpd.001.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59111/jpd.001.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"South China sea is one of the most significant maritime regions in the world known for the territorial disputes amongst its multiple regional claimants. The past decade has seen the rise of the North American involvement in this region which has made this region much more vulnerable. This study sheds light over the significance of this complex maritime dispute, highlights the trends that contributed to shaping of the dispute into its current state, and analyzes the involvement of USA and comparatively, the strategies of USA and China in the South China sea dispute. ","PeriodicalId":166375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peace and Diplomacy","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121325884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the 21st century, international relations and communication have been interacting with each other in an ineffable manner. It is hard to find that how international relations are conducted and which actors are involved. This all happened because of the new media ecologies with the modernization of technology. Communication has to play a very crucial role in today’s world especially in international relations. The work of Manuel Castell “Communication Power” explains how communication and new media ecologies have shaped our world in twenty first century and how relationships of power can be defined and reconfigured through communication. Manuel uses the term of “network society” & “mass self-communication”. In a “networked society” new networked pattern of relationships emerge that may be political, social and economic. “Mass self-communication” that emerged during 2000’s encouraged everyone to have their own views of the world around them and broadcast online. The power of “mass self-communication” cannot be neglected in today’s world as this phenomenon helped toppled governments in the Arab Spring starting in 2011. Now communication is not controlled by elites in society but is available to all and its power cannot be undermined. Changing media ecologies gave rise to a concept of narrative building which political actors use in order to achieve political and other policy goals.
{"title":"Indian Hostile Narratives and Counter Narratives of Pakistan","authors":"Adeel Babar","doi":"10.59111/jpd.001.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59111/jpd.001.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"In the 21st century, international relations and communication have been interacting with each other in an ineffable manner. It is hard to find that how international relations are conducted and which actors are involved. This all happened because of the new media ecologies with the modernization of technology. Communication has to play a very crucial role in today’s world especially in international relations. The work of Manuel Castell “Communication Power” explains how communication and new media ecologies have shaped our world in twenty first century and how relationships of power can be defined and reconfigured through communication. Manuel uses the term of “network society” & “mass self-communication”. In a “networked society” new networked pattern of relationships emerge that may be political, social and economic. “Mass self-communication” that emerged during 2000’s encouraged everyone to have their own views of the world around them and broadcast online. The power of “mass self-communication” cannot be neglected in today’s world as this phenomenon helped toppled governments in the Arab Spring starting in 2011. Now communication is not controlled by elites in society but is available to all and its power cannot be undermined. Changing media ecologies gave rise to a concept of narrative building which political actors use in order to achieve political and other policy goals.","PeriodicalId":166375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Peace and Diplomacy","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121093087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：