Pub Date : 2007-07-22DOI: 10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288484
J. Gfeller, S. Koelemeijer, F. Bourgeois, R. Richard, J. Jacot
Tolerance allocation is a critical issue in precision engineering and in microassembly. Generally, manufacturing components within the required tolerances is hard because of the high precision necessary to satisfy the product function. In this paper, a case study shows that tightening component tolerances doesn't always increase the yield. An efficient control strategy is a better approach to ensure the product functions and to increase the number of conforming products. The proposed control strategy is based on sampling tests to control the assembly process, and on a full batch test to guarantee the functions of the assembled product. The redesign of a micro product control strategy illustrates the interest of multiphysic functional tolerancing and testing in precision engineering.
{"title":"Functional tolerancing and testing increase microassembly yield","authors":"J. Gfeller, S. Koelemeijer, F. Bourgeois, R. Richard, J. Jacot","doi":"10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288484","url":null,"abstract":"Tolerance allocation is a critical issue in precision engineering and in microassembly. Generally, manufacturing components within the required tolerances is hard because of the high precision necessary to satisfy the product function. In this paper, a case study shows that tightening component tolerances doesn't always increase the yield. An efficient control strategy is a better approach to ensure the product functions and to increase the number of conforming products. The proposed control strategy is based on sampling tests to control the assembly process, and on a full batch test to guarantee the functions of the assembled product. The redesign of a micro product control strategy illustrates the interest of multiphysic functional tolerancing and testing in precision engineering.","PeriodicalId":166385,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125929208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-22DOI: 10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288480
M. Huerta, B. Fernández, E. Koutanoglu
This work faces a common yet difficult area of scheduling: that of distributing jobs to human operators that expose different production behaviors within a production line. The use of multiagent systems and genetic algorithms (GAs) is proposed to solve this type of problem. We suggest a system whose main components are avatar agents in charge of representing each human operator and a scheduler agent in charge of scheduling by the use of GAs. The system developed proved advantageous in the simulations experiments, reaching an average increase of 8.25% in the production rate, 59% decrease in the average of the operators' idleness, and 83% decrease in the standard deviation of the operators' idleness. Though quality improved only an average of 0.44%, the result may be deemed important in view of the high quality of the production line used as benchmark.
{"title":"Manufacturing Multiagent System for Scheduling Optimization of Production Tasks Using Dynamic Genetic Algorithms","authors":"M. Huerta, B. Fernández, E. Koutanoglu","doi":"10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288480","url":null,"abstract":"This work faces a common yet difficult area of scheduling: that of distributing jobs to human operators that expose different production behaviors within a production line. The use of multiagent systems and genetic algorithms (GAs) is proposed to solve this type of problem. We suggest a system whose main components are avatar agents in charge of representing each human operator and a scheduler agent in charge of scheduling by the use of GAs. The system developed proved advantageous in the simulations experiments, reaching an average increase of 8.25% in the production rate, 59% decrease in the average of the operators' idleness, and 83% decrease in the standard deviation of the operators' idleness. Though quality improved only an average of 0.44%, the result may be deemed important in view of the high quality of the production line used as benchmark.","PeriodicalId":166385,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing","volume":"27 24","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113973231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-22DOI: 10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288450
J.J. Briceno, K. Pochiraju
This paper describes a methodology for the generation of disassembly sequences based on CAD assembly models. The components geometry and their mating information are derived from the CAD model and the disassembly scheme is evaluated using surface mesh representations of the components. The algorithm entails determining pair-wise contact interactions between components and generation of feasible path transformations that enable disassociation of the interacting components. The physical interactions of the bodies are determined using standard contact algorithms between meshed bodies. For each pair of bodies, one component is considered the target body and the other the contactor. The disassembly direction between interfering components is the result of minimizing a penetration function that describes the interference between the components using a ray-triangle intersection test. A feasible disassembly direction has the interference between the components to be zero when the contactor is moved along the disassembly direction. A part is considered "disassembled" when it is outside the bounding box of the product assembly. Simple verification examples are presented to illustrate the methodology.
{"title":"Automatic Disassembly Plan Generation from CAD Assembly Models","authors":"J.J. Briceno, K. Pochiraju","doi":"10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288450","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a methodology for the generation of disassembly sequences based on CAD assembly models. The components geometry and their mating information are derived from the CAD model and the disassembly scheme is evaluated using surface mesh representations of the components. The algorithm entails determining pair-wise contact interactions between components and generation of feasible path transformations that enable disassociation of the interacting components. The physical interactions of the bodies are determined using standard contact algorithms between meshed bodies. For each pair of bodies, one component is considered the target body and the other the contactor. The disassembly direction between interfering components is the result of minimizing a penetration function that describes the interference between the components using a ray-triangle intersection test. A feasible disassembly direction has the interference between the components to be zero when the contactor is moved along the disassembly direction. A part is considered \"disassembled\" when it is outside the bounding box of the product assembly. Simple verification examples are presented to illustrate the methodology.","PeriodicalId":166385,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122779549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-22DOI: 10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288464
T. Lim, J. Ritchie, J. Corney, R. Dewar, K. Schmidt, K. Bergsteiner
Assembly is one of the most extensively studied manual processes in manufacturing. Using design for assembly (DFA) methodologies relative times of real-world assembly tasks such as manipulation and insertion can be quantified. However, it is unclear if similar values can be reflected in a virtual assembly system? This question forms the rationale for the peg-in-hole assembly task addressed in this study. Although almost simplistic in nature, assembling a peg into a hole addresses three fundamental states in an assembly process -picking, placing and motion within an environment. The objective here is to investigate assembly performance in the virtual environment using a force feedback haptic device benchmarked against previously quantified data. Inclusive, is a kinematic evaluation of task performance for peg-in-hole manipulation based on geometric and force conditions.
{"title":"Assessment of a Haptic Virtual Assembly System that uses Physics-based Interactions","authors":"T. Lim, J. Ritchie, J. Corney, R. Dewar, K. Schmidt, K. Bergsteiner","doi":"10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288464","url":null,"abstract":"Assembly is one of the most extensively studied manual processes in manufacturing. Using design for assembly (DFA) methodologies relative times of real-world assembly tasks such as manipulation and insertion can be quantified. However, it is unclear if similar values can be reflected in a virtual assembly system? This question forms the rationale for the peg-in-hole assembly task addressed in this study. Although almost simplistic in nature, assembling a peg into a hole addresses three fundamental states in an assembly process -picking, placing and motion within an environment. The objective here is to investigate assembly performance in the virtual environment using a force feedback haptic device benchmarked against previously quantified data. Inclusive, is a kinematic evaluation of task performance for peg-in-hole manipulation based on geometric and force conditions.","PeriodicalId":166385,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing","volume":"532 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132574386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-22DOI: 10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288441
R. Suárez, J. Rosell
The paper deals with the problem of finding a form-closure fixturing of objects modeled with triangular meshes and considering as quality measure the maximum wrench that the object can resist in any direction. Although a triangular mesh is a polyhedral representation of the object, the number of faces is too large to allow a practical application of existing approaches for polyhedral objects, and therefore some search procedure have to be applied. In the proposed approach the search of contact points is done looking for points directly on the object boundary instead of on the wrench space. In this way, all the object surface is homogeneously considered, while the quality is evaluated in the wrench space. The procedure iteratively looks, using heuristic criteria, for sets of points that improve the quality. The procedure was implemented and some application examples are included in the paper to illustrate the performance.
{"title":"Searching Form-Closure Fixturing Points on Objects Described by Triangular Meshes","authors":"R. Suárez, J. Rosell","doi":"10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288441","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the problem of finding a form-closure fixturing of objects modeled with triangular meshes and considering as quality measure the maximum wrench that the object can resist in any direction. Although a triangular mesh is a polyhedral representation of the object, the number of faces is too large to allow a practical application of existing approaches for polyhedral objects, and therefore some search procedure have to be applied. In the proposed approach the search of contact points is done looking for points directly on the object boundary instead of on the wrench space. In this way, all the object surface is homogeneously considered, while the quality is evaluated in the wrench space. The procedure iteratively looks, using heuristic criteria, for sets of points that improve the quality. The procedure was implemented and some application examples are included in the paper to illustrate the performance.","PeriodicalId":166385,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115451983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-22DOI: 10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288483
A. Liu, M. Sterling, D. Kim, A. Pierpont, A. Schlothauer, M. Moses, K. Lee, G. Chirikjian
This paper presents a robot that can assemble exact functional replicas of itself from seven more basic parts/subsystems. The robot follows lines on the floor using light sensors and a simple control circuit without any onboard memory. It performs a self-replication task comparable in difficulty to those of previous self-replicating robots, but with a greatly simplified control system and reduced overall system complexity. Three methods are presented that quantify aspects of the complexity of the robot and the pattern of lines it follows. The complexity measures provide a way to compare existing self-replicating robot systems and to evaluate new designs. Robotic self-replication is an aspect of automated assembly that has not been studied extensively in hardware, and this work (which was the outcome of a project in a mechatronics course at JHU) is one step in a larger effort to quantify and demonstrate various aspects of this research area.
{"title":"A Memoryless Robot that Assembles Seven Subsystems to Copy Itself","authors":"A. Liu, M. Sterling, D. Kim, A. Pierpont, A. Schlothauer, M. Moses, K. Lee, G. Chirikjian","doi":"10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288483","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a robot that can assemble exact functional replicas of itself from seven more basic parts/subsystems. The robot follows lines on the floor using light sensors and a simple control circuit without any onboard memory. It performs a self-replication task comparable in difficulty to those of previous self-replicating robots, but with a greatly simplified control system and reduced overall system complexity. Three methods are presented that quantify aspects of the complexity of the robot and the pattern of lines it follows. The complexity measures provide a way to compare existing self-replicating robot systems and to evaluate new designs. Robotic self-replication is an aspect of automated assembly that has not been studied extensively in hardware, and this work (which was the outcome of a project in a mechatronics course at JHU) is one step in a larger effort to quantify and demonstrate various aspects of this research area.","PeriodicalId":166385,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129410292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-22DOI: 10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288447
J. Richardsson, K. Andersson, Martin Fabian
Lack of tools for analyzing the control of complex manufacturing cells is a problem which consequences are functional errors and in some cases a lower throughput than expected. A typical property of complex cells is processing of several products at the same time. This paper presents a model for automatic generation of control programs based on the output of a previously presented algorithm for calculation of the control of multi product cells.
{"title":"Reliable Control of Complex Manufacturing Cells","authors":"J. Richardsson, K. Andersson, Martin Fabian","doi":"10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288447","url":null,"abstract":"Lack of tools for analyzing the control of complex manufacturing cells is a problem which consequences are functional errors and in some cases a lower throughput than expected. A typical property of complex cells is processing of several products at the same time. This paper presents a model for automatic generation of control programs based on the output of a previously presented algorithm for calculation of the control of multi product cells.","PeriodicalId":166385,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128826590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-22DOI: 10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288455
Tauseef Aized, Koji Takahashi, I. Hagiwara
This study aims to optimize the throughput and cycle time of a pull type multi-product, multi-line and multi-stage flexible manufacturing system whose resources are subject to breakdown conditions. To ensure a continual supply of the finished products, under breakdown conditions, the parts/ materials flow through alternate routes exhibiting routing flexibility. Every machining and assembly station is equipped with automated inspection units to inspect the quality of the products. The system is modeled through colored Petri net methodology (CPN) and the impact of input factors is shown on throughput and cycle time of the system. The study explores multi-factor optimization of the system using design of experiment (DoE) and response surface methods.
{"title":"Modeling and performance optimization of multiple product FMS using colored Petri net and response surface methods","authors":"Tauseef Aized, Koji Takahashi, I. Hagiwara","doi":"10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288455","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to optimize the throughput and cycle time of a pull type multi-product, multi-line and multi-stage flexible manufacturing system whose resources are subject to breakdown conditions. To ensure a continual supply of the finished products, under breakdown conditions, the parts/ materials flow through alternate routes exhibiting routing flexibility. Every machining and assembly station is equipped with automated inspection units to inspect the quality of the products. The system is modeled through colored Petri net methodology (CPN) and the impact of input factors is shown on throughput and cycle time of the system. The study explores multi-factor optimization of the system using design of experiment (DoE) and response surface methods.","PeriodicalId":166385,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing","volume":"351 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120954405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-22DOI: 10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288458
A. Ananthanarayanan, C. Thamire, S.K. Gupta
Revolute joints are frequently used in articulated structures. Traditionally, such a joint is formed by assembling two components. As an alternative, revolute joints can be created inside the mold using an in-mold assembly process. This process eliminates the need for post-molding assembly, thus significantly reducing the cycle time and part count. The functional performance of a revolute joint depends on the clearance in the joint. The clearance in turn depends on the part shrinkage and the mold deformation during the molding process. The presence of a polymer part during the second molding stage makes an in-mold assembly process significantly different from the traditional molding process due to the difference in heat transfer and deformation characteristics. This paper presents experimental data and a preliminary model to explain the differences in clearance produced by an aluminum mold and an Aluminum mold with an Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) insert. Our data indicates that there is a significant difference between the clearances observed from these two different types of molds. We believe that clearances produced depend strongly on the thermal history of the parts.
{"title":"Investigation of Revolute Joint Clearances Created by an In-Mold Assembly Process","authors":"A. Ananthanarayanan, C. Thamire, S.K. Gupta","doi":"10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288458","url":null,"abstract":"Revolute joints are frequently used in articulated structures. Traditionally, such a joint is formed by assembling two components. As an alternative, revolute joints can be created inside the mold using an in-mold assembly process. This process eliminates the need for post-molding assembly, thus significantly reducing the cycle time and part count. The functional performance of a revolute joint depends on the clearance in the joint. The clearance in turn depends on the part shrinkage and the mold deformation during the molding process. The presence of a polymer part during the second molding stage makes an in-mold assembly process significantly different from the traditional molding process due to the difference in heat transfer and deformation characteristics. This paper presents experimental data and a preliminary model to explain the differences in clearance produced by an aluminum mold and an Aluminum mold with an Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) insert. Our data indicates that there is a significant difference between the clearances observed from these two different types of molds. We believe that clearances produced depend strongly on the thermal history of the parts.","PeriodicalId":166385,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127629958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-07-22DOI: 10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288488
K. Dencker, J. Stahre, P. Grondahl, L. Mårtensson, T. Lundholm, C. Johansson
Manufacturing competitiveness is highly dependant on companies' ability to rapidly reconfigure their manufacturing and assembly systems. Efforts to approach emerging and self-reconfigurable systems could be successfully complemented by efficient integration of highly flexible human operators into the system. The concept of system proactivity is introduced which is based on the interrelated levels of automation, information, and competence in the assembly system. An ongoing project to develop proactive assembly systems, ProAct, is described.
{"title":"An Approach to Proactive Assembly Systems: -Towards competitive assembly systems","authors":"K. Dencker, J. Stahre, P. Grondahl, L. Mårtensson, T. Lundholm, C. Johansson","doi":"10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISAM.2007.4288488","url":null,"abstract":"Manufacturing competitiveness is highly dependant on companies' ability to rapidly reconfigure their manufacturing and assembly systems. Efforts to approach emerging and self-reconfigurable systems could be successfully complemented by efficient integration of highly flexible human operators into the system. The concept of system proactivity is introduced which is based on the interrelated levels of automation, information, and competence in the assembly system. An ongoing project to develop proactive assembly systems, ProAct, is described.","PeriodicalId":166385,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Symposium on Assembly and Manufacturing","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129086729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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