As the Internet of Thing (IoT) matures, a lot of concerns are being raised about security, privacy and interoperability. The Web of Things (WoT) model leverages web technologies to improve interoperability. Due to its distributed components, the web scaled well beyond initial expectations. Still, secure authentication and communication across organization boundaries rely on the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) which is a non-transparent, centralized single point of failure. We can improve transparency and reduce the chain of trust---thus significantly improving the IoT security---by empowering blockchain technology and web security standards. In this paper, we build a scalable, decentralized IoT-centric PKI and discuss how we can combine it with the emerging web authentication and authorization framework for constrained environments.
{"title":"Decentralized web of trust and authentication for the internet of things","authors":"Arnaud Durand, Pascal Gremaud, J. Pasquier-Rocha","doi":"10.1145/3131542.3140263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3131542.3140263","url":null,"abstract":"As the Internet of Thing (IoT) matures, a lot of concerns are being raised about security, privacy and interoperability. The Web of Things (WoT) model leverages web technologies to improve interoperability. Due to its distributed components, the web scaled well beyond initial expectations. Still, secure authentication and communication across organization boundaries rely on the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) which is a non-transparent, centralized single point of failure. We can improve transparency and reduce the chain of trust---thus significantly improving the IoT security---by empowering blockchain technology and web security standards. In this paper, we build a scalable, decentralized IoT-centric PKI and discuss how we can combine it with the emerging web authentication and authorization framework for constrained environments.","PeriodicalId":166408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on the Internet of Things","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116559804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Production processes in factories increasingly involve dynamic interactions between individual manufacturing devices that allow processes to evolve and enable rapid reconfigurations for the mass-customization of products. When participating machines start to be aware of their own functionality, processes can even be dynamically reconfigured at run time. We propose a system that supports operators within such environments by enabling them to directly observe which devices interact with each other and what data is transmitted between them at any given moment, using computer-mediated reality technology. We demonstrate the application of this system in a goal-driven manufacturing use case and discuss its applicability to the monitoring of smart environments in users' homes.
{"title":"HoloInteractions: visualizing interactions between autonomous cognitive machines","authors":"S. Mayer, F. Michahelles","doi":"10.1145/3131542.3140278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3131542.3140278","url":null,"abstract":"Production processes in factories increasingly involve dynamic interactions between individual manufacturing devices that allow processes to evolve and enable rapid reconfigurations for the mass-customization of products. When participating machines start to be aware of their own functionality, processes can even be dynamically reconfigured at run time. We propose a system that supports operators within such environments by enabling them to directly observe which devices interact with each other and what data is transmitted between them at any given moment, using computer-mediated reality technology. We demonstrate the application of this system in a goal-driven manufacturing use case and discuss its applicability to the monitoring of smart environments in users' homes.","PeriodicalId":166408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on the Internet of Things","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133902043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Anzengruber, Nina Hochedlinger, Michael Matscheko, A. Ferscha, A. Shamiyeh, B. Klugsberger, Gamze Demireli
Laparoscopy and endoscopy have revolutionized the state of the art in surgical health care. Still, the associated higher complexity of the operating procedure leads to suboptimal or even erroneous surgical outcomes of minimal invasive surgery (MIS). Our work aims at evaluating and reducing MIS surgeons' cognitive load by observing their bio features and linking them to their psycho physiological triggers. In this way, we aim at detecting the current cognitive load and attention of surgeons to give them unobtrusive feedback when detecting suboptimal levels of cognitive load.
{"title":"MinIAttention: attention management in minimal invasive surgery using an IoT synchronization approach","authors":"B. Anzengruber, Nina Hochedlinger, Michael Matscheko, A. Ferscha, A. Shamiyeh, B. Klugsberger, Gamze Demireli","doi":"10.1145/3131542.3140270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3131542.3140270","url":null,"abstract":"Laparoscopy and endoscopy have revolutionized the state of the art in surgical health care. Still, the associated higher complexity of the operating procedure leads to suboptimal or even erroneous surgical outcomes of minimal invasive surgery (MIS). Our work aims at evaluating and reducing MIS surgeons' cognitive load by observing their bio features and linking them to their psycho physiological triggers. In this way, we aim at detecting the current cognitive load and attention of surgeons to give them unobtrusive feedback when detecting suboptimal levels of cognitive load.","PeriodicalId":166408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on the Internet of Things","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115388541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Haslgrübler, Peter Fritz, Benedikt Gollan, A. Ferscha
Recently, there has been increased interest in attention management [9, 10], especially when considering people being surrounded by multiple IoT devices. Current research is focused on providing ambient or non-disturbing notifications to users particularly in a (smart-)home environment where already a multitude of IoT devices are deployed nowadays. In contrast and in this paper, we present how we use IoT devices to perform workflow and attention recognition and use these devices to provide critical notifications which can actually be perceived by users in an industrial environment to steer him away from economically suboptimal or harmful situations.
{"title":"Getting through: modality selection in a multi-sensor-actuator industrial IoT environment","authors":"Michael Haslgrübler, Peter Fritz, Benedikt Gollan, A. Ferscha","doi":"10.1145/3131542.3131561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3131542.3131561","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, there has been increased interest in attention management [9, 10], especially when considering people being surrounded by multiple IoT devices. Current research is focused on providing ambient or non-disturbing notifications to users particularly in a (smart-)home environment where already a multitude of IoT devices are deployed nowadays. In contrast and in this paper, we present how we use IoT devices to perform workflow and attention recognition and use these devices to provide critical notifications which can actually be perceived by users in an industrial environment to steer him away from economically suboptimal or harmful situations.","PeriodicalId":166408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on the Internet of Things","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128260172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Florian Jungwirth, Michael Haslgrübler, A. Ferscha
The eyes are gaining increasing interest within the HCI (human-computer interaction) community as they are a fast and accurate input modality. However, the applicability of mobile eye-based HCI so far is restricted by several issues, such as calibration or the Midas Touch Problem [5]. In this work we propose the idea of contour-guided gaze gestures, which overcome these problems by relying on relative eye movements, as users trace the contours of (interactive) objects within a smart environment. Matching the trajectory of the eye movements and the contour's shape allows to estimate which object was interacted with and to trigger the corresponding actions. We describe the concept of the system and illustrate several application scenarios, demonstrating its value.
{"title":"Contour-guided gaze gestures: eye-based interaction with everyday objects and IoT devices","authors":"Florian Jungwirth, Michael Haslgrübler, A. Ferscha","doi":"10.1145/3131542.3140262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3131542.3140262","url":null,"abstract":"The eyes are gaining increasing interest within the HCI (human-computer interaction) community as they are a fast and accurate input modality. However, the applicability of mobile eye-based HCI so far is restricted by several issues, such as calibration or the Midas Touch Problem [5]. In this work we propose the idea of contour-guided gaze gestures, which overcome these problems by relying on relative eye movements, as users trace the contours of (interactive) objects within a smart environment. Matching the trajectory of the eye movements and the contour's shape allows to estimate which object was interacted with and to trigger the corresponding actions. We describe the concept of the system and illustrate several application scenarios, demonstrating its value.","PeriodicalId":166408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on the Internet of Things","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116366392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While the amount of applications being based on the Internet of Things is ever increasing, few consider proper - human cognition and attention aware - interaction between IoT and their users. In this paper, we demonstrate Gazor an IoT hardware and software platform which makes use of inherent human behavior to instruct a worker about an industrial assembly process, by providing an attention steering stimulus, where users need to pick up parts or place them, and a retention supporting peripheral display.
{"title":"Gazor: a gaze aware industrial IoT-based instructor","authors":"Michael Haslgrübler, Michaela Murauer, A. Ferscha","doi":"10.1145/3131542.3140266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3131542.3140266","url":null,"abstract":"While the amount of applications being based on the Internet of Things is ever increasing, few consider proper - human cognition and attention aware - interaction between IoT and their users. In this paper, we demonstrate Gazor an IoT hardware and software platform which makes use of inherent human behavior to instruct a worker about an industrial assembly process, by providing an attention steering stimulus, where users need to pick up parts or place them, and a retention supporting peripheral display.","PeriodicalId":166408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on the Internet of Things","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133346898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Kraemer, Doreid Ammar, Anders Eivind Braten, N. Tamkittikhun, David Palma
Solar power is important for many scenarios of the Internet of Things (IoT). Resource-constrained devices depend on limited energy budgets to operate without degrading performance. Predicting solar energy is necessary for an efficient management and utilization of resources. While machine learning is already used to predict solar power for larger power plants, we examine how different machine learning methods can be used in a constrained sensor setting, based on easily available public weather data. The conducted evaluation resorts to commercial IoT hardware, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed solution in a real deployment. Our results show that predicting solar energy is possible even with limited access to data, progressively improving as the system runs.
{"title":"Solar energy prediction for constrained IoT nodes based on public weather forecasts","authors":"F. Kraemer, Doreid Ammar, Anders Eivind Braten, N. Tamkittikhun, David Palma","doi":"10.1145/3131542.3131544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3131542.3131544","url":null,"abstract":"Solar power is important for many scenarios of the Internet of Things (IoT). Resource-constrained devices depend on limited energy budgets to operate without degrading performance. Predicting solar energy is necessary for an efficient management and utilization of resources. While machine learning is already used to predict solar power for larger power plants, we examine how different machine learning methods can be used in a constrained sensor setting, based on easily available public weather data. The conducted evaluation resorts to commercial IoT hardware, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed solution in a real deployment. Our results show that predicting solar energy is possible even with limited access to data, progressively improving as the system runs.","PeriodicalId":166408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on the Internet of Things","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129419566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Industrial products tend to be customized by third-parties for different use cases. This is currently supported by adding external Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) to installations. As IoT software ecosystems become wide-spread, the need for such hardware will decrease. However, removing the controllers opens the challenge of configuring distributed industrial installations. This paper argues for modeling application requirements on industrial installations so that they can be evaluated automatically based on information about targeted installations. GIMLE, a visual language for modeling application requirements using expressive domain knowledge, is proposed. GIMLE enables modeling requirements on physical features of installations, which hasn't received significant attention in the related work. A study with domain experts is used to reflect on the proposed process. The scalability of the visual language is evaluated using a model for a real-world application. The support for reuse of requirements enabled us to build models that can add support for new installations without significant changes and with a slower increase in size the more components can be reused.
{"title":"A visual programming approach based on domain ontologies for configuring industrial IoT installations","authors":"M. Tomlein, Kaj Grønbæk","doi":"10.1145/3131542.3131552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3131542.3131552","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial products tend to be customized by third-parties for different use cases. This is currently supported by adding external Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) to installations. As IoT software ecosystems become wide-spread, the need for such hardware will decrease. However, removing the controllers opens the challenge of configuring distributed industrial installations. This paper argues for modeling application requirements on industrial installations so that they can be evaluated automatically based on information about targeted installations. GIMLE, a visual language for modeling application requirements using expressive domain knowledge, is proposed. GIMLE enables modeling requirements on physical features of installations, which hasn't received significant attention in the related work. A study with domain experts is used to reflect on the proposed process. The scalability of the visual language is evaluated using a model for a real-world application. The support for reuse of requirements enabled us to build models that can add support for new installations without significant changes and with a slower increase in size the more components can be reused.","PeriodicalId":166408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on the Internet of Things","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131940161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Younghan Kim, Hyunseok Ahn, Changseok Yoon, Yongseok Lim, Seung-ok Lim
This paper describes an Internet of Things (IoT) tag using an RF energy harvesting and a backscatter wireless communicating system in ambient wireless network environment. We propose a method to transmit data from the tag to Wi-Fi device without power consumption using Wi-Fi signal. This tag system is composed of RF energy harvesting module, backscatter communicating module and sensor. This tag operates to generate power from wireless signal and to transfer date by modulating the receiving sensitivity of Wi-Fi packet. We implemented the zero-power communication tag and tested in Wi-Fi network. As a result, an output voltage above 0.9 V for operating the tag is obtained starting from a received power of about -16 dBm. The maximum power conversion efficiency reaches 25% at 2.4 GHz band. At the communication test, the data transfer rate is achieved 30 kbps at 3 m distance between Wi-Fi devices.
{"title":"An ambient RF energy harvesting and backscatter modulating tag system enabling zero-power wireless data communication","authors":"Younghan Kim, Hyunseok Ahn, Changseok Yoon, Yongseok Lim, Seung-ok Lim","doi":"10.1145/3131542.3140260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3131542.3140260","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an Internet of Things (IoT) tag using an RF energy harvesting and a backscatter wireless communicating system in ambient wireless network environment. We propose a method to transmit data from the tag to Wi-Fi device without power consumption using Wi-Fi signal. This tag system is composed of RF energy harvesting module, backscatter communicating module and sensor. This tag operates to generate power from wireless signal and to transfer date by modulating the receiving sensitivity of Wi-Fi packet. We implemented the zero-power communication tag and tested in Wi-Fi network. As a result, an output voltage above 0.9 V for operating the tag is obtained starting from a received power of about -16 dBm. The maximum power conversion efficiency reaches 25% at 2.4 GHz band. At the communication test, the data transfer rate is achieved 30 kbps at 3 m distance between Wi-Fi devices.","PeriodicalId":166408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on the Internet of Things","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124632444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With Internet of Things (IoT) middleware solutions moving towards cloud computing, the problems of trust in cloud platforms and data privacy need to be solved. The emergence of Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) opens new perspectives to increase security in cloud applications. We propose a privacy-preserving IoT middleware, using Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX) to create a secure system on untrusted platforms. An encrypted index is used as a database and communication with the application is protected using asymmetric encryption. This set of measures allows our system to process events in an orchestration engine without revealing data to the hosting cloud platform.
{"title":"A secure, privacy-preserving IoT middleware using intel SGX","authors":"Pascal Gremaud, Arnaud Durand, J. Pasquier-Rocha","doi":"10.1145/3131542.3140258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3131542.3140258","url":null,"abstract":"With Internet of Things (IoT) middleware solutions moving towards cloud computing, the problems of trust in cloud platforms and data privacy need to be solved. The emergence of Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) opens new perspectives to increase security in cloud applications. We propose a privacy-preserving IoT middleware, using Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX) to create a secure system on untrusted platforms. An encrypted index is used as a database and communication with the application is protected using asymmetric encryption. This set of measures allows our system to process events in an orchestration engine without revealing data to the hosting cloud platform.","PeriodicalId":166408,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on the Internet of Things","volume":"2010 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129636036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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