Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICET.2015.7389181
M. Usama, S. Habib, H. Hussain
As natural head of water turbine has been used for power generation where the construction of a dam is infeasible. It works on natural flow of water to generate a specific power output. Although the velocity of canal water is less but the force of water is comparatively high. Pakistan has the largest canal system in the world and it can be implemented anywhere in the canal. At present, in Pakistan, energy crises are increasing day by day and hopefully this project can be helpful to minimize the same. The present work describes the development of a Twisted Blade Turbine which is simple in design, fabrication and maintenance which can produce sufficient power to light a couple of energy saver bulbs up to wattage of 30 to 40.
{"title":"Power generation from canal system using adjustable Twisted Blade Turbine","authors":"M. Usama, S. Habib, H. Hussain","doi":"10.1109/ICET.2015.7389181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2015.7389181","url":null,"abstract":"As natural head of water turbine has been used for power generation where the construction of a dam is infeasible. It works on natural flow of water to generate a specific power output. Although the velocity of canal water is less but the force of water is comparatively high. Pakistan has the largest canal system in the world and it can be implemented anywhere in the canal. At present, in Pakistan, energy crises are increasing day by day and hopefully this project can be helpful to minimize the same. The present work describes the development of a Twisted Blade Turbine which is simple in design, fabrication and maintenance which can produce sufficient power to light a couple of energy saver bulbs up to wattage of 30 to 40.","PeriodicalId":166507,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128638614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICET.2015.7389198
Syed M. Imaduddin, Yaseen Athar, Amir Ali Khan, Muhammad Murtaza Khan, Faisal M. Kashif
Video cameras are increasingly being used to measure human heart rates non-invasively, without contact. Such systems find applications in tele-medicine, remote monitoring of quarantined patients and premature neonates and are also useful for health conscious consumers. Several algorithms have been reported in the literature for measuring the heart rate from videos of human subjects. These algorithms use offline, computationally involved techniques such as Independent Component Analysis (ICA) or Principal Component Analysis (PCA) which render the algorithms unfeasible for implementation on real-time embedded systems. We conducted experiments to find an optimal colorspace for measuring the heart rate. We subsequently used a novel means of optical filtering of this colorspace to develop an accurate real-time algorithm, without the need for ICA or PCA, using ordinary standard definition (SD) web cameras. In this paper we present our algorithm and also compare it with existing state of the art algorithms.
{"title":"A computationally efficient heart rate measurement system using video cameras","authors":"Syed M. Imaduddin, Yaseen Athar, Amir Ali Khan, Muhammad Murtaza Khan, Faisal M. Kashif","doi":"10.1109/ICET.2015.7389198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2015.7389198","url":null,"abstract":"Video cameras are increasingly being used to measure human heart rates non-invasively, without contact. Such systems find applications in tele-medicine, remote monitoring of quarantined patients and premature neonates and are also useful for health conscious consumers. Several algorithms have been reported in the literature for measuring the heart rate from videos of human subjects. These algorithms use offline, computationally involved techniques such as Independent Component Analysis (ICA) or Principal Component Analysis (PCA) which render the algorithms unfeasible for implementation on real-time embedded systems. We conducted experiments to find an optimal colorspace for measuring the heart rate. We subsequently used a novel means of optical filtering of this colorspace to develop an accurate real-time algorithm, without the need for ICA or PCA, using ordinary standard definition (SD) web cameras. In this paper we present our algorithm and also compare it with existing state of the art algorithms.","PeriodicalId":166507,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET)","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121780890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICET.2015.7389176
Amjad Ali, Yuxiang Wang, Wuhua Li, Xiangning He
Simple moving voltage average (SMVA) technique to fetch the maximum power from solar photovoltaic under non-uniform solar irradiation conditions and stable output voltage for DC-DC boost converter is introduced in this paper. In order to ensure the bus voltage stability of DC microgrid, the power flow within the grid must be balanced at all times. So far, different maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are used to optimize the solar photovoltaic system efficiency. Incremental conductance (INC) algorithm is one of the widely used method as compare to others, due to its simplicity and accurate response to track MPP under steady and dynamic states. To validate the performance of proposed techniques MATLAB/SIMULINK simulations are presented in this paper, simulation results shows that proposed technique works more accurately and faster during dynamic and steady state conditions and improve the overall system efficiency.
{"title":"Implementation of simple moving voltage average technique with direct control incremental conductance method to optimize the efficiency of DC microgrid","authors":"Amjad Ali, Yuxiang Wang, Wuhua Li, Xiangning He","doi":"10.1109/ICET.2015.7389176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2015.7389176","url":null,"abstract":"Simple moving voltage average (SMVA) technique to fetch the maximum power from solar photovoltaic under non-uniform solar irradiation conditions and stable output voltage for DC-DC boost converter is introduced in this paper. In order to ensure the bus voltage stability of DC microgrid, the power flow within the grid must be balanced at all times. So far, different maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques are used to optimize the solar photovoltaic system efficiency. Incremental conductance (INC) algorithm is one of the widely used method as compare to others, due to its simplicity and accurate response to track MPP under steady and dynamic states. To validate the performance of proposed techniques MATLAB/SIMULINK simulations are presented in this paper, simulation results shows that proposed technique works more accurately and faster during dynamic and steady state conditions and improve the overall system efficiency.","PeriodicalId":166507,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129068505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICET.2015.7389206
Mashal Fatima, M. Shafique, Z. Khan
Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a recently emerging technology which is advancing and developing at a fast pace. This interface provides a potential to establish a communication bridge that enables a person to send commands and messages to an automated system such as a robot or prosthesis, by means of his/her brain signals. A real time EEG based robotic arm movement control is an open area of research where signals extracted from the human brain are used for generation of controlling signals even for gaming, remote control/teleoperation and other applications. This paper introduces a simpler method of realization of robotic arm control in real time from Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals. The purpose of this study is to mimic the real simulation of a robotic arm being controlled from EEG signals. This can be helpful to develop an on-line robotic arm movement using EEG signals for assisting disabled persons with their every-day needs. Using EEG signals, robotic arm is simulated on the onset of movement in real time. Simple algorithms with less computational overhead are implemented for detecting movement related information of right arm using EEG signals. Preliminary results have been found encouraging for this technique to be used in real time scenarios.
{"title":"Towards a low cost Brain-computer Interface for real time control of a 2 DOF robotic arm","authors":"Mashal Fatima, M. Shafique, Z. Khan","doi":"10.1109/ICET.2015.7389206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2015.7389206","url":null,"abstract":"Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a recently emerging technology which is advancing and developing at a fast pace. This interface provides a potential to establish a communication bridge that enables a person to send commands and messages to an automated system such as a robot or prosthesis, by means of his/her brain signals. A real time EEG based robotic arm movement control is an open area of research where signals extracted from the human brain are used for generation of controlling signals even for gaming, remote control/teleoperation and other applications. This paper introduces a simpler method of realization of robotic arm control in real time from Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals. The purpose of this study is to mimic the real simulation of a robotic arm being controlled from EEG signals. This can be helpful to develop an on-line robotic arm movement using EEG signals for assisting disabled persons with their every-day needs. Using EEG signals, robotic arm is simulated on the onset of movement in real time. Simple algorithms with less computational overhead are implemented for detecting movement related information of right arm using EEG signals. Preliminary results have been found encouraging for this technique to be used in real time scenarios.","PeriodicalId":166507,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126641077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICET.2015.7389192
S. Jan, Young-Doo Lee, Insoo Koo
Visible Light Communications (VLC) uses solid-state light sources for data transmission in addition to its primary function of illumination. The dual functionality of light source provokes some challenges for VLC including dimming control and perceivable flicker mitigation. These challenges can be achieved by an appropriate modulation scheme. Double Inverse Pulse Position Modulation (DIPPM) scheme allows for both dimming control and flicker mitigation. This scheme modifies the symbol structure of Inverse Pulse Position Modulation (IPPM) scheme to obtain the symbol of DIPPM. The modification in IPPM symbol structure to obtain DIPPM symbol is explained with the mathematical model in this paper. Furthermore, the 2-DIPPM scheme is analyzed in terms of required power with respect to dimming factor and normalized bit rate respectively. Also, the required power for DIPPM is compared with VPPM.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of DIPPM scheme for Visible Light Communications","authors":"S. Jan, Young-Doo Lee, Insoo Koo","doi":"10.1109/ICET.2015.7389192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2015.7389192","url":null,"abstract":"Visible Light Communications (VLC) uses solid-state light sources for data transmission in addition to its primary function of illumination. The dual functionality of light source provokes some challenges for VLC including dimming control and perceivable flicker mitigation. These challenges can be achieved by an appropriate modulation scheme. Double Inverse Pulse Position Modulation (DIPPM) scheme allows for both dimming control and flicker mitigation. This scheme modifies the symbol structure of Inverse Pulse Position Modulation (IPPM) scheme to obtain the symbol of DIPPM. The modification in IPPM symbol structure to obtain DIPPM symbol is explained with the mathematical model in this paper. Furthermore, the 2-DIPPM scheme is analyzed in terms of required power with respect to dimming factor and normalized bit rate respectively. Also, the required power for DIPPM is compared with VPPM.","PeriodicalId":166507,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126332321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICET.2015.7389217
Kinza Shafique, A. A. Razzaqi, Muhammad Mustaqim, B. Khan, B. A. Khawaja
In this paper, design, simulation and optimization study of a 1×2 circular microstrip patch antenna (MPA) array for next generation 802.11ac wireless LAN (WLAN) is presented. The IEEE 802.11ac is a set of MAC layer enhancements for higher throughput in the 5GHz band. This emerging standard provides wider channels, higher throughput and efficient use of spectrum. The proposed antenna array is designed and simulated using Agilent ADS momentum. The antenna array is designed using the FR4 substrate (εr = 4.6 and h = 1.6mm). The dimensions of the proposed design is calculated using the transmission-line model. An inset-feed with quarter-wave transformer is used to feed the antenna elements. The proposed design improves the shortcomings of a classical rectangular MPA. Hence, the maximum achieved bandwidth and gain of the 1×2 circular patch antenna array are 292MHz and 5.17dBi respectively. The proposed array may be used as a template to form larger arrays which can be used in next generation 802.11ac WLANs.
本文针对下一代802.11ac无线局域网(WLAN)，进行了1×2圆形微带贴片天线(MPA)阵列的设计、仿真和优化研究。IEEE 802.11ac是一组MAC层增强功能，用于提高5GHz频段的吞吐量。这一新兴标准提供了更宽的信道、更高的吞吐量和更有效的频谱利用。利用Agilent ADS动量对所提出的天线阵列进行了设计和仿真。天线阵列采用FR4衬底(εr = 4.6, h = 1.6mm)设计。采用传输线模型计算了所提设计的尺寸。带四分之一波变压器的插入馈电用于馈电天线元件。提出的设计改进了经典矩形MPA的缺点。因此，1×2圆形贴片天线阵列的最大实现带宽和增益分别为292MHz和5.17dBi。所建议的阵列可以用作模板，以形成可用于下一代802.11ac wlan的更大阵列。
{"title":"A 1×2 circular patch antenna array for next generation 802.11ac WLAN applications","authors":"Kinza Shafique, A. A. Razzaqi, Muhammad Mustaqim, B. Khan, B. A. Khawaja","doi":"10.1109/ICET.2015.7389217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2015.7389217","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, design, simulation and optimization study of a 1×2 circular microstrip patch antenna (MPA) array for next generation 802.11ac wireless LAN (WLAN) is presented. The IEEE 802.11ac is a set of MAC layer enhancements for higher throughput in the 5GHz band. This emerging standard provides wider channels, higher throughput and efficient use of spectrum. The proposed antenna array is designed and simulated using Agilent ADS momentum. The antenna array is designed using the FR4 substrate (εr = 4.6 and h = 1.6mm). The dimensions of the proposed design is calculated using the transmission-line model. An inset-feed with quarter-wave transformer is used to feed the antenna elements. The proposed design improves the shortcomings of a classical rectangular MPA. Hence, the maximum achieved bandwidth and gain of the 1×2 circular patch antenna array are 292MHz and 5.17dBi respectively. The proposed array may be used as a template to form larger arrays which can be used in next generation 802.11ac WLANs.","PeriodicalId":166507,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126103999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICET.2015.7389175
M. Rafiq, Chengrong Li, I. Khan, Zhifeng Hu, Y. Lv, Kai Yi
Transformer oil-based nanofluids were prepared by suspending non-conductive Al2O3 nanoparticles to enhance the insulating properties of transformer oil. Breakdown voltages under positive and negative lightening impulse voltages were measured for all the prepared samples according to IEC standards. The results indicated that the inclusion of Al2O3 nanoparticles to the base oil can modify the breakdown strength of the base oil. The results showed that addition of alumina nanoparticles improve the mean lightening impulse breakdown voltages of nanofluids and were 1.09 times as compared to base transformer oil but not the negative lightening impulse breakdown strength. A possible mechanism of insulative nanoparticles was also used to explain the difference among nanofluids and base oil.
{"title":"Preparation and breakdown properties of mineral oil based alumina nanofluids","authors":"M. Rafiq, Chengrong Li, I. Khan, Zhifeng Hu, Y. Lv, Kai Yi","doi":"10.1109/ICET.2015.7389175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2015.7389175","url":null,"abstract":"Transformer oil-based nanofluids were prepared by suspending non-conductive Al2O3 nanoparticles to enhance the insulating properties of transformer oil. Breakdown voltages under positive and negative lightening impulse voltages were measured for all the prepared samples according to IEC standards. The results indicated that the inclusion of Al2O3 nanoparticles to the base oil can modify the breakdown strength of the base oil. The results showed that addition of alumina nanoparticles improve the mean lightening impulse breakdown voltages of nanofluids and were 1.09 times as compared to base transformer oil but not the negative lightening impulse breakdown strength. A possible mechanism of insulative nanoparticles was also used to explain the difference among nanofluids and base oil.","PeriodicalId":166507,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET)","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132562519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICET.2015.7389190
Shahnawaz Shah, S. Mughal, S. Memon
Free space optics (FSO) is the transmission of Infrared (IR) signals through LASER in free space with point to point link and receiving through photo diode. Now a days FSO is most preferable last mile solution. In last 15 years researchers focused for designing fog model which convert the visibility value in fog attenuation factor. In the literature two approaches, theoretical and empirical, were used for estimating fog attenuation factor. In theoretical approach fog attenuation formula were derived by using rigorous Mie scattering theory, six fog models based on theoretical approach were selected these are Kruse, Kim, Al Naboulsi advection and convection, Ferdinandov and Grabner models. These models convert the visibility statistics available on meteorological sites into predict specific optical attenuation. In empirical approaches, fog models were derived by a hardware setup form which visibility and optical power at both transmitting and receiving sides were measured statistically and a relation is obtained by applying regression analysis. Three different empirical based models were selected from the literature on the basis of their practical deployment such as continental fog, dense maritime fog and under controlled laboratory condition setup. Selected nine models including theoretical and empirical were simulated in Matlab and comparison results is discussed in this paper.
{"title":"Theoretical and empirical based extinction coefficients for fog attenuation in terms of visibility at 850 nm","authors":"Shahnawaz Shah, S. Mughal, S. Memon","doi":"10.1109/ICET.2015.7389190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2015.7389190","url":null,"abstract":"Free space optics (FSO) is the transmission of Infrared (IR) signals through LASER in free space with point to point link and receiving through photo diode. Now a days FSO is most preferable last mile solution. In last 15 years researchers focused for designing fog model which convert the visibility value in fog attenuation factor. In the literature two approaches, theoretical and empirical, were used for estimating fog attenuation factor. In theoretical approach fog attenuation formula were derived by using rigorous Mie scattering theory, six fog models based on theoretical approach were selected these are Kruse, Kim, Al Naboulsi advection and convection, Ferdinandov and Grabner models. These models convert the visibility statistics available on meteorological sites into predict specific optical attenuation. In empirical approaches, fog models were derived by a hardware setup form which visibility and optical power at both transmitting and receiving sides were measured statistically and a relation is obtained by applying regression analysis. Three different empirical based models were selected from the literature on the basis of their practical deployment such as continental fog, dense maritime fog and under controlled laboratory condition setup. Selected nine models including theoretical and empirical were simulated in Matlab and comparison results is discussed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":166507,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115194309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICET.2015.7389168
Meharban Khan, Masroor Ali, Qazi Muddussir
This paper proposes a method to overcome extra hardware by calculating the last index in run time, and reduce high power consumption using bank selection technique to divide the whole memory into 4 partitions, which reduce the power consumption, thereby eliminating the disadvantage of searching an input data in all the memory addresses. Although [1] configure RAM as a CAM is there to provide searching operation, however this method has disadvantages like high power consumption and extra memory for saving the value of last index. The proposed method logically dissects the memory into 4 partitions. Each partition is accessed through the first two bits of the input word, search operation is only performed in that particular partition (one quarter of whole memory), which saves the searching time and power consumption. To validate and justify our approach, a 16×16 memory is divided into four 4×16 memory chunks and implemented on Xilinx Virtex-6 FPGA.
{"title":"Low Power RAM based CAM with Run Time Calculation of Last Index","authors":"Meharban Khan, Masroor Ali, Qazi Muddussir","doi":"10.1109/ICET.2015.7389168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2015.7389168","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a method to overcome extra hardware by calculating the last index in run time, and reduce high power consumption using bank selection technique to divide the whole memory into 4 partitions, which reduce the power consumption, thereby eliminating the disadvantage of searching an input data in all the memory addresses. Although [1] configure RAM as a CAM is there to provide searching operation, however this method has disadvantages like high power consumption and extra memory for saving the value of last index. The proposed method logically dissects the memory into 4 partitions. Each partition is accessed through the first two bits of the input word, search operation is only performed in that particular partition (one quarter of whole memory), which saves the searching time and power consumption. To validate and justify our approach, a 16×16 memory is divided into four 4×16 memory chunks and implemented on Xilinx Virtex-6 FPGA.","PeriodicalId":166507,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116788997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-01DOI: 10.1109/ICET.2015.7389211
Aunsa Shah, Au Koo
Hard decision combination is bandwidth-efficient but unreliable while soft-decision combination provides reliability but at the cost of much bandwidth consumption. Reporting quantized information from CR users achieves a trade-off between hard and soft decision combination. In this paper optimal quantization scheme which quantizes the local information in a way that ensures maximum probability of detection while restraining probability of false alarm is proposed. The optimal scheme is based on energy detection and search iteratively for local quantization thresholds. Moreover Smith-Waterman algorithm (SWA), a string matching algorithm widely used in bioinformatics for aligning biological sequences, is used for comparing reports of all CR users to each other and computing similarity index for each CR user. Robust mean and robust standard deviation are calculated of the similarity indexes and a threshold is found. CR users who have similarity index below this threshold are excluded from global decision combination and their reports are discarded. The local decisions of rest of users are combined using modified rules of decision combination to take a global decision. The optimal quantization scheme is compared with other schemes. Simulation results show that the optimal scheme with quantization thresholds performs better than the other schemes.
{"title":"Optimal quantization and efficient cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks","authors":"Aunsa Shah, Au Koo","doi":"10.1109/ICET.2015.7389211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICET.2015.7389211","url":null,"abstract":"Hard decision combination is bandwidth-efficient but unreliable while soft-decision combination provides reliability but at the cost of much bandwidth consumption. Reporting quantized information from CR users achieves a trade-off between hard and soft decision combination. In this paper optimal quantization scheme which quantizes the local information in a way that ensures maximum probability of detection while restraining probability of false alarm is proposed. The optimal scheme is based on energy detection and search iteratively for local quantization thresholds. Moreover Smith-Waterman algorithm (SWA), a string matching algorithm widely used in bioinformatics for aligning biological sequences, is used for comparing reports of all CR users to each other and computing similarity index for each CR user. Robust mean and robust standard deviation are calculated of the similarity indexes and a threshold is found. CR users who have similarity index below this threshold are excluded from global decision combination and their reports are discarded. The local decisions of rest of users are combined using modified rules of decision combination to take a global decision. The optimal quantization scheme is compared with other schemes. Simulation results show that the optimal scheme with quantization thresholds performs better than the other schemes.","PeriodicalId":166507,"journal":{"name":"2015 International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130797890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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