This paper addresses the role of socio-spatial context on audiovisual media consumption by adopting a multi-paradigmatic approach that combines the Theory of Media Attendance, a socio-cognitive interpretation of Uses & Gratifications and Domestication Theory. We propose a framework that inquires (RQ 1) how goals and habits interface with each other as explanatory factors of consumption and (RQ 2) how the role of socio-spatial cues can be understood. Survey results show that different socio-spatial settings are associated with distinct explanations by goals and habits. Moreover, follow-up interviews indicate that these differences are best understood when framed in everyday life family dynamics.
{"title":"The composition and role of convergent technology repertoires in audiovisual media consumption","authors":"Cédric Courtois","doi":"10.1145/2325616.2325637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2325616.2325637","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the role of socio-spatial context on audiovisual media consumption by adopting a multi-paradigmatic approach that combines the Theory of Media Attendance, a socio-cognitive interpretation of Uses & Gratifications and Domestication Theory. We propose a framework that inquires (RQ 1) how goals and habits interface with each other as explanatory factors of consumption and (RQ 2) how the role of socio-spatial cues can be understood. Survey results show that different socio-spatial settings are associated with distinct explanations by goals and habits. Moreover, follow-up interviews indicate that these differences are best understood when framed in everyday life family dynamics.","PeriodicalId":166630,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Interactive TV","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116604545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lizzy Bleumers, W. V. D. Broeck, B. Lievens, J. Pierson
Omnidirectional video (ODV) is a type of video in which viewers can look around in 360° as if turning the camera themselves. This type of video presents opportunities for new interactive television formats. The development of such new formats, however, is accompanied by challenges in terms of user experience and technical and creative development. In this paper, we discuss which issues and opportunities users anticipate. These findings are the result of a human-centered design study in which we first introduced potential users to ODV, gathering their feedback, and then encouraged them to envision suitable ODV-based enhancements of television genres.
{"title":"Seeing the bigger picture: a user perspective on 360° TV","authors":"Lizzy Bleumers, W. V. D. Broeck, B. Lievens, J. Pierson","doi":"10.1145/2325616.2325640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2325616.2325640","url":null,"abstract":"Omnidirectional video (ODV) is a type of video in which viewers can look around in 360° as if turning the camera themselves. This type of video presents opportunities for new interactive television formats. The development of such new formats, however, is accompanied by challenges in terms of user experience and technical and creative development. In this paper, we discuss which issues and opportunities users anticipate. These findings are the result of a human-centered design study in which we first introduced potential users to ODV, gathering their feedback, and then encouraged them to envision suitable ODV-based enhancements of television genres.","PeriodicalId":166630,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Interactive TV","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129482375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As YouTube evolves we look at how content creators thrive within the ecosystem, what motivates them, and how they get the best results. We also investigate how patterns of media consumption change in an engagement-driven environment, built upon a mix of existing and web-original content, available across platforms and devices. These changes in creator and viewer expectations prompt video advertisers to rethink what effectiveness means in this new space, where a biting baby can get more attention than a high-cost video. How do lessons learned through years of TV and display advertising and research translate to the paradigm of active social engagement?
{"title":"Supporting an ecosystem: from the biting baby to the old spice man","authors":"Tom Broxton, Olga Khroustaleva","doi":"10.1145/2325616.2325619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2325616.2325619","url":null,"abstract":"As YouTube evolves we look at how content creators thrive within the ecosystem, what motivates them, and how they get the best results. We also investigate how patterns of media consumption change in an engagement-driven environment, built upon a mix of existing and web-original content, available across platforms and devices. These changes in creator and viewer expectations prompt video advertisers to rethink what effectiveness means in this new space, where a biting baby can get more attention than a high-cost video. How do lessons learned through years of TV and display advertising and research translate to the paradigm of active social engagement?","PeriodicalId":166630,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Interactive TV","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116717385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marianna Obrist, D. Wurhofer, Magdalena Gärtner, Florian Förster, M. Tscheligi
3D is expected to transition from cinema to personal consumer electronics. Given that children are heavy users of consumer electronics and represent a driving force when it comes to the adoption of new technologies, it is important to investigate and understand children's experiences with new technologies. Within this paper, we explore children's 3DTV experience with respect to attributed viewing qualities, willingness to view 3DTV at home and influences by age and gender. The study was conducted as part of a three-day science event organized within a shopping mall. Within these three days, feedback from more than 600 children was collected using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Next to a one-page, pre-structured questionnaire, which was developed in particular to explore the quality of children's 3DTV viewing experience, we used open feedback cards on which the children could note their positive and negative experiences of watching 3DTV. The questionnaire results indicated that older children found watching 3DTV requires higher attention and is more exhausting, although -- at the same time -- they experienced it as more realistic than the younger children. Furthermore, three-fourths of the children indicated that they would like to watch 3DTV at home. The study results provide a first step towards a richer understanding of children's experience with 3DTV.
{"title":"Exploring children's 3DTV experience","authors":"Marianna Obrist, D. Wurhofer, Magdalena Gärtner, Florian Förster, M. Tscheligi","doi":"10.1145/2325616.2325641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2325616.2325641","url":null,"abstract":"3D is expected to transition from cinema to personal consumer electronics. Given that children are heavy users of consumer electronics and represent a driving force when it comes to the adoption of new technologies, it is important to investigate and understand children's experiences with new technologies. Within this paper, we explore children's 3DTV experience with respect to attributed viewing qualities, willingness to view 3DTV at home and influences by age and gender. The study was conducted as part of a three-day science event organized within a shopping mall. Within these three days, feedback from more than 600 children was collected using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Next to a one-page, pre-structured questionnaire, which was developed in particular to explore the quality of children's 3DTV viewing experience, we used open feedback cards on which the children could note their positive and negative experiences of watching 3DTV. The questionnaire results indicated that older children found watching 3DTV requires higher attention and is more exhausting, although -- at the same time -- they experienced it as more realistic than the younger children. Furthermore, three-fourths of the children indicated that they would like to watch 3DTV at home. The study results provide a first step towards a richer understanding of children's experience with 3DTV.","PeriodicalId":166630,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Interactive TV","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127758310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates how tablet users incorporate multiple media in their television viewing experience. Three patterns are found: (a) only focusing on television, (b) confounding television viewing with other screen media (e.g. laptop, tablet) and (c) confounding television viewing with various media, including print and screen media. Furthermore, we question how the incorporation of screen media in this experience affects the practice of engaging in digital commentary on television content. Also, we inquire the uptake and interest in so-called 'second screen applications'. These applications allow extensions of the primary screen experience on secondary screens (e.g. tablet). The results, based on a sample of 260 tablet users, indicate that there is only a modest uptake and interest in using secondary screens to digitally share opinions. However, the use of second screen interaction with television content is not discarded: although there is still little awareness and experience, we notice a moderate interest in these apps.
{"title":"Second screen applications and tablet users: constellation, awareness, experience, and interest","authors":"Cédric Courtois, Evelien D'heer","doi":"10.1145/2325616.2325646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2325616.2325646","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates how tablet users incorporate multiple media in their television viewing experience. Three patterns are found: (a) only focusing on television, (b) confounding television viewing with other screen media (e.g. laptop, tablet) and (c) confounding television viewing with various media, including print and screen media. Furthermore, we question how the incorporation of screen media in this experience affects the practice of engaging in digital commentary on television content. Also, we inquire the uptake and interest in so-called 'second screen applications'. These applications allow extensions of the primary screen experience on secondary screens (e.g. tablet). The results, based on a sample of 260 tablet users, indicate that there is only a modest uptake and interest in using secondary screens to digitally share opinions. However, the use of second screen interaction with television content is not discarded: although there is still little awareness and experience, we notice a moderate interest in these apps.","PeriodicalId":166630,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Interactive TV","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124120776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The domestic appliance landscape is becoming increasingly interconnected with different options to consume rich media, e.g. on TV, PC or Mobile with manifold options for additional services. From a participatory design oriented perspective, involving users into the design of new applications related to video and TV is a topic with growing importance. However, current options to provide feedback at use-time are limited to a standardized form, e.g. in traditional usability tests. In order to open the design space for long-term and more creative in-situ feedback, we will address this topic by a concept of a cross platform infrastructure that enables users to provide feedback on different devices in the context of the usage. This concept enables users to co-develop and improve a system over time in a continuous manner. Crossing the boundaries of various platforms, feedback can be enriched in a very comfortable way, e.g. by annotating a screenshot of the television screen with the smartphone.
{"title":"In-situ everywhere: a qualitative feedback infrastructure for cross platform home-IT","authors":"Jan Hess, Lin Wan, B. Ley, V. Wulf","doi":"10.1145/2325616.2325633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2325616.2325633","url":null,"abstract":"The domestic appliance landscape is becoming increasingly interconnected with different options to consume rich media, e.g. on TV, PC or Mobile with manifold options for additional services. From a participatory design oriented perspective, involving users into the design of new applications related to video and TV is a topic with growing importance. However, current options to provide feedback at use-time are limited to a standardized form, e.g. in traditional usability tests. In order to open the design space for long-term and more creative in-situ feedback, we will address this topic by a concept of a cross platform infrastructure that enables users to provide feedback on different devices in the context of the usage. This concept enables users to co-develop and improve a system over time in a continuous manner. Crossing the boundaries of various platforms, feedback can be enriched in a very comfortable way, e.g. by annotating a screenshot of the television screen with the smartphone.","PeriodicalId":166630,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Interactive TV","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115913499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. C. M. Santos, José Rios Cerqueira Neto, Carlos de Salles Soares Neto, M. Teixeira
This paper presents an incremental validation process for multimedia documents describing interactive digital TV (iTV) applications. This work delves more specifically into documents defined in Nested Context Language (NCL), a declarative language standard adopted by ISDB-Tb and ITU-T for IPTV. The focus of incremental validation, the approach proposed in this work, relies on checking only the pieces of code that have been modified since the latest validation as well as those parts that have suffered any side effects, thus eliminating the need for a thorough checking of the document. The implications of performing this type of validation in a declarative language such as NCL are discussed and implementation details are given. Performance tests comparing the standard and incremental validation approaches have been carried out revealing a significant improvement concerning the latter.
{"title":"Incremental validation of digital TV applications in nested context language","authors":"R. C. M. Santos, José Rios Cerqueira Neto, Carlos de Salles Soares Neto, M. Teixeira","doi":"10.1145/2325616.2325657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2325616.2325657","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an incremental validation process for multimedia documents describing interactive digital TV (iTV) applications. This work delves more specifically into documents defined in Nested Context Language (NCL), a declarative language standard adopted by ISDB-Tb and ITU-T for IPTV. The focus of incremental validation, the approach proposed in this work, relies on checking only the pieces of code that have been modified since the latest validation as well as those parts that have suffered any side effects, thus eliminating the need for a thorough checking of the document. The implications of performing this type of validation in a declarative language such as NCL are discussed and implementation details are given. Performance tests comparing the standard and incremental validation approaches have been carried out revealing a significant improvement concerning the latter.","PeriodicalId":166630,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Interactive TV","volume":"341 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117343464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today's (home) media environment is becoming increasingly saturated. Smartphones, tablets and laptops enter our living room and possibly alter our television viewing experience. In this paper, we want to grasp how 'screen technologies' are interrelated on a textual (content) and a material level (technological object), from a user perspective. By means of domestic in-depth interviews with owners of multiple screen technologies, we interpret the integration of multiple secondary screens in the everyday television viewing behavior. In most cases, the use of second screens is not related to television content. Nonetheless, we also found evidence of changing dynamics concerning public and private spaces, as people extend television text on their second screens into online social spaces or more generally, the Internet. These interactive structures provide individuals with opportunities as well as threats. In conclusion, we identify directions for future research on the consumption and reception of television.
{"title":"Everyday life in (front of) the screen: the consumption of multiple screen technologies in the living room context","authors":"Evelien D'heer, Cédric Courtois, Steve Paulussen","doi":"10.1145/2325616.2325654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2325616.2325654","url":null,"abstract":"Today's (home) media environment is becoming increasingly saturated. Smartphones, tablets and laptops enter our living room and possibly alter our television viewing experience. In this paper, we want to grasp how 'screen technologies' are interrelated on a textual (content) and a material level (technological object), from a user perspective. By means of domestic in-depth interviews with owners of multiple screen technologies, we interpret the integration of multiple secondary screens in the everyday television viewing behavior. In most cases, the use of second screens is not related to television content. Nonetheless, we also found evidence of changing dynamics concerning public and private spaces, as people extend television text on their second screens into online social spaces or more generally, the Internet. These interactive structures provide individuals with opportunities as well as threats. In conclusion, we identify directions for future research on the consumption and reception of television.","PeriodicalId":166630,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Interactive TV","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123967664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jan Bobeth, Susanne Schmehl, E. Kruijff, Stephanie Deutsch, M. Tscheligi
In this paper, we explore alternative TV menu control methods, focusing specifically on older users. We investigated performance and acceptance of freehand gestures by implementing several techniques and conducting a user study with 24 older adults. We expected that older adults would like gesture techniques as they are generally fun to use and easy to conduct. As a possible alternative to physical remote control, gesture techniques may also introduce some physical activity for older adults (positive health effects). In the user study, we compared four different kinds of freehand gesture interaction to control a corresponding TV menu, investigating specifically on abilities of older adults. Each of the interaction types was analyzed regarding task completion time, error rate, usability and acceptance. Results showed that directly transferring tracked hand movements to control a cursor on a TV achieved the best performance and was preferred by the users. In general, the participating older adults showed a very positive attitude towards gesture-based interactions.
{"title":"Evaluating performance and acceptance of older adults using freehand gestures for TV menu control","authors":"Jan Bobeth, Susanne Schmehl, E. Kruijff, Stephanie Deutsch, M. Tscheligi","doi":"10.1145/2325616.2325625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2325616.2325625","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we explore alternative TV menu control methods, focusing specifically on older users. We investigated performance and acceptance of freehand gestures by implementing several techniques and conducting a user study with 24 older adults. We expected that older adults would like gesture techniques as they are generally fun to use and easy to conduct. As a possible alternative to physical remote control, gesture techniques may also introduce some physical activity for older adults (positive health effects). In the user study, we compared four different kinds of freehand gesture interaction to control a corresponding TV menu, investigating specifically on abilities of older adults. Each of the interaction types was analyzed regarding task completion time, error rate, usability and acceptance. Results showed that directly transferring tracked hand movements to control a cursor on a TV achieved the best performance and was preferred by the users. In general, the participating older adults showed a very positive attitude towards gesture-based interactions.","PeriodicalId":166630,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Interactive TV","volume":"205 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123052301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although the current paradigm for expanded participatory storytellling is the "transmedia" exploitation of the same storyworld on multiple platforms, it can be more productive to think of the digital medium as a single platform, combining all the functionalities we now associate with networked computers, game consoles, and conventionally delivered episodic television to enhance the traditional strengths and cultural functions of television. By looking at the how the four affordances of the digital medium the procedural, participatory, encyclopedic, and spatial apply to three core characteristics of television moving images, sustained storytelling, and individual viewing in the presence of a mass audience -- we can identify areas of emerging conventions and widening opportunity for design innovation
{"title":"Transcending transmedia: emerging story telling structures for the emerging convergence platforms","authors":"J. Murray","doi":"10.1145/2325616.2325618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2325616.2325618","url":null,"abstract":"Although the current paradigm for expanded participatory storytellling is the \"transmedia\" exploitation of the same storyworld on multiple platforms, it can be more productive to think of the digital medium as a single platform, combining all the functionalities we now associate with networked computers, game consoles, and conventionally delivered episodic television to enhance the traditional strengths and cultural functions of television. By looking at the how the four affordances of the digital medium the procedural, participatory, encyclopedic, and spatial apply to three core characteristics of television moving images, sustained storytelling, and individual viewing in the presence of a mass audience -- we can identify areas of emerging conventions and widening opportunity for design innovation","PeriodicalId":166630,"journal":{"name":"European Conference on Interactive TV","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129707139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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