The article is devoted to the issue of the criminal law assessment of spanking. Spank, despite the prohibition of corporal punishment introduced into the Polish legal system over 10 years ago, is still an acceptable behavior among part of the socjety. Taking into account the positions of opponents and supporters of this educational method, as well as the norms of criminal law, it is necessary to answer the question whether the guardians who apply it will bear unconditional criminal liability. Giving this answer requires an analysis of the spanking behavior from the perspective of the crime model. The behavior of the spanker fulfills the features of the prohibited act under Article 217 of the Penal Code, but in some cases it may not be shameful (Article 1 § 2 of the Penal Code) or the perpetrator cannot be blamed (art. 1 § 3 of the Penal Code). The author also assesses spanking from the point of view of non statuory justification punishing minors and takes a stance on the admissibility of using non-statutory justifications.
{"title":"Criminal law assessment of spanking","authors":"Michał Grudecki","doi":"10.16926/gea.2021.02.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/gea.2021.02.30","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the issue of the criminal law assessment of spanking. Spank, despite the prohibition of corporal punishment introduced into the Polish legal system over 10 years ago, is still an acceptable behavior among part of the socjety. Taking into account the positions of opponents and supporters of this educational method, as well as the norms of criminal law, it is necessary to answer the question whether the guardians who apply it will bear unconditional criminal liability. Giving this answer requires an analysis of the spanking behavior from the perspective of the crime model. The behavior of the spanker fulfills the features of the prohibited act under Article 217 of the Penal Code, but in some cases it may not be shameful (Article 1 § 2 of the Penal Code) or the perpetrator cannot be blamed (art. 1 § 3 of the Penal Code). The author also assesses spanking from the point of view of non statuory justification punishing minors and takes a stance on the admissibility of using non-statutory justifications.","PeriodicalId":166701,"journal":{"name":"Gubernaculum et Administratio","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121518893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Three different monarchical systems emerge from the Constitution. From constitutional monarchy based on the English model, through monarchy with some features of a republic, to a monarchy with the principle of unity of state power. The acts show that the Polish king was situated between a monarch dominated by the legislature and a sovereign monarch. He was not a figurehead. The introduction into the constitution of the principles of the sovereignty of the nation and the tripartite division of power meant that the organs of the state, and the king was one of them, performed only such activities as were allowed by the constitution. This is what the May and French Constitutions of 1791 stated. The Constitutional Charter of 1814 returned to the principle of unity of power. The monarch exercised not only the powers enumerated in the Charter, but also those not reserved to other bodies. The provisions of the Charter proved attractive to monarchies seeking a transition from enlightened absolutism to a constitutional parliamentary monarchy.
{"title":"The position of the sovereign in the provisions of the Constitution of 3 May 1791 against the background of the French Constitution of 3 September 1791 and the Constitutional Charter of 4 June 1814","authors":"T. Szulc","doi":"10.16926/gea.2021.01.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/gea.2021.01.09","url":null,"abstract":"Three different monarchical systems emerge from the Constitution. From constitutional monarchy based on the English model, through monarchy with some features of a republic, to a monarchy with the principle of unity of state power. The acts show that the Polish king was situated between a monarch dominated by the legislature and a sovereign monarch. He was not a figurehead. The introduction into the constitution of the principles of the sovereignty of the nation and the tripartite division of power meant that the organs of the state, and the king was one of them, performed only such activities as were allowed by the constitution. This is what the May and French Constitutions of 1791 stated. The Constitutional Charter of 1814 returned to the principle of unity of power. The monarch exercised not only the powers enumerated in the Charter, but also those not reserved to other bodies. The provisions of the Charter proved attractive to monarchies seeking a transition from enlightened absolutism to a constitutional parliamentary monarchy.","PeriodicalId":166701,"journal":{"name":"Gubernaculum et Administratio","volume":"04 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129043527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sprawozdanie z Ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Naukowej w ramach XVII Zjazdu Kół Naukowych Prawa Konstytucyjnego pt. „Parlamentaryzm w ujęciu prawnym, historycznym i ekonomicznym”","authors":"Eryk Łęgowik","doi":"10.16926/gea.2022.01.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/gea.2022.01.20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":166701,"journal":{"name":"Gubernaculum et Administratio","volume":"78 7-8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114010487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the judgment of 11 June 2020, the Court of Justice of the European Union took the position that it is not contradictory to the community regulations for courts to decide, on a case-by-case basis, whether or not in a specific case the quantity of drugs possessed by the offender is significant and therefore the penalty should be made more severe. The interpretation of the concept of a ‘significant quantity’ of drugs may be left for the national courts to decide on a case-by-case basis on condition that this interpretation is reasonably foreseeable. This article presents an opinion in the discussion of the problems generated by the concept of significant quantities of narcotic drugs in the Polish criminal law, as specified in article 62(2) of the Act on Counteracting Drug Addiction of 29 July 2005. Most of all, however, the doubts that the judgment of the Court of Justice may raise in the context of the Polish legal order and recognised (and very diverse) case-law.
{"title":"Possession of significant quantity of narcotic drugs – problem overview in the context of the judgment by the Court of Justice of the European Union dated 11 June 2020 C-634/18","authors":"Katarzyna Tkaczyk-Rymanowska","doi":"10.16926/gea.2021.02.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/gea.2021.02.36","url":null,"abstract":"In the judgment of 11 June 2020, the Court of Justice of the European Union took the position that it is not contradictory to the community regulations for courts to decide, on a case-by-case basis, whether or not in a specific case the quantity of drugs possessed by the offender is significant and therefore the penalty should be made more severe. The interpretation of the concept of a ‘significant quantity’ of drugs may be left for the national courts to decide on a case-by-case basis on condition that this interpretation is reasonably foreseeable. This article presents an opinion in the discussion of the problems generated by the concept of significant quantities of narcotic drugs in the Polish criminal law, as specified in article 62(2) of the Act on Counteracting Drug Addiction of 29 July 2005. Most of all, however, the doubts that the judgment of the Court of Justice may raise in the context of the Polish legal order and recognised (and very diverse) case-law.","PeriodicalId":166701,"journal":{"name":"Gubernaculum et Administratio","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132773273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coordination is a term with difficult legal significance. As a legal institution, it has no. clear normative formula. There is no. unequivocal linguistic interpretation or a specific conceptual scope. It is used inside the public sector as well as in non-public areas; at the organizational level of the European Union or in the international dimension. Moreover, it is an important, if not the most important, instrument for connecting the public and non-public sectors. As a legal institution, at various times in Poland, it found greater or lesser, but constant use in public administration. It is constantly evolving, adapting to changing socio-economic conditions. The political transformation introduced a kind of reevaluation of coordination. It has retained the application of the socialist state model in public administration and in the economy. However, the system and legal profile of business entities and the administration itself has changed. In view of these changes, the role of coordination in public administration has also changed and is constantly evolving.
{"title":"Evolution of coordination in public administration","authors":"P. Niemczuk","doi":"10.16926/gea.2021.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/gea.2021.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"Coordination is a term with difficult legal significance. As a legal institution, it has no. clear normative formula. There is no. unequivocal linguistic interpretation or a specific conceptual scope. It is used inside the public sector as well as in non-public areas; at the organizational level of the European Union or in the international dimension. Moreover, it is an important, if not the most important, instrument for connecting the public and non-public sectors. As a legal institution, at various times in Poland, it found greater or lesser, but constant use in public administration. It is constantly evolving, adapting to changing socio-economic conditions. The political transformation introduced a kind of reevaluation of coordination. It has retained the application of the socialist state model in public administration and in the economy. However, the system and legal profile of business entities and the administration itself has changed. In view of these changes, the role of coordination in public administration has also changed and is constantly evolving.","PeriodicalId":166701,"journal":{"name":"Gubernaculum et Administratio","volume":"11 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134477397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Non-devolutive appeal as a half-measure in realization of the two-instance proceeding principle","authors":"Paweł Szecówka","doi":"10.16926/gea.2019.02.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/gea.2019.02.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":166701,"journal":{"name":"Gubernaculum et Administratio","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130002571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The scope of general court cognition in the relation to jurisdiction of the arbitration judicary. Introduction to considerations about material and legal grounds for an arbitration clouse","authors":"Alexander Martin Juranek","doi":"10.16926/gea.2019.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/gea.2019.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":166701,"journal":{"name":"Gubernaculum et Administratio","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133010820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rule of law, as stipulated in article 7 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, is one of the fundamental principles shaping the functioning of public administration in the Republic of Poland. Legality of the functioning of public administration is also accepted as the basic criterion of judicial and administrative review of the actions taken by the administration. However, judgments of administrative courts often go outside the boundaries of findings that could be made based on linguistic interpretation of legislative provisions, by referring to the rules of the legal system, including in cases where no doubts exist with regards to the interpretation of provisions. The aim of this paper is to offer insight into the basis and nature of doubts encountered with regards to the admissibility of the use of non-linguistic interpretation by administrative courts where the use of such interpretation does not appear to be required.
{"title":"Rule of law and the scope of interpretation of legislative provisions in the process of judicial and administrative review. Remarks against the background of the phenomenon of „lawmaking” of administrative courts","authors":"P. Wilczyński","doi":"10.16926/gea.2021.02.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/gea.2021.02.38","url":null,"abstract":"The rule of law, as stipulated in article 7 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, is one of the fundamental principles shaping the functioning of public administration in the Republic of Poland. Legality of the functioning of public administration is also accepted as the basic criterion of judicial and administrative review of the actions taken by the administration. However, judgments of administrative courts often go outside the boundaries of findings that could be made based on linguistic interpretation of legislative provisions, by referring to the rules of the legal system, including in cases where no doubts exist with regards to the interpretation of provisions. The aim of this paper is to offer insight into the basis and nature of doubts encountered with regards to the admissibility of the use of non-linguistic interpretation by administrative courts where the use of such interpretation does not appear to be required.","PeriodicalId":166701,"journal":{"name":"Gubernaculum et Administratio","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116121880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study is to present the issues related to submitting applications by fax to a public administration authorites in general administrative proceedings. This issue raised and continues to cause significant practical problems; it is also a source of divergent views in the doctrine and in the judicature of administrative courts. The significance of this method of communication in the general administrative procedure (introduced into the Code of Administrative Proceedings in the January 1, 1999) remains so relevant that the Act of November 20, 2020 on Electronic Delivery Service leaves fax as one of the methods of submitting an application. The application can also be sent via faxmodem or a fax server. I assume that in this case, the fax machine, as part of an IT tool, meets the conditions for being considered a means of electronic communication within the meaning of Art. 2 point 5 of the Act of 18 July 2002 on the provision of electronic services in connection with joke. 3 point 4 of the Act of February 17, 2005 on the computerization of the activities of entities performing public tasks.
{"title":"A technical relic or a timeless communication device? Filing an application by fax in the general administrative proceedings","authors":"A. Skóra","doi":"10.16926/gea.2021.02.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/gea.2021.02.23","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to present the issues related to submitting applications by fax to a public administration authorites in general administrative proceedings. This issue raised and continues to cause significant practical problems; it is also a source of divergent views in the doctrine and in the judicature of administrative courts. The significance of this method of communication in the general administrative procedure (introduced into the Code of Administrative Proceedings in the January 1, 1999) remains so relevant that the Act of November 20, 2020 on Electronic Delivery Service leaves fax as one of the methods of submitting an application. The application can also be sent via faxmodem or a fax server. I assume that in this case, the fax machine, as part of an IT tool, meets the conditions for being considered a means of electronic communication within the meaning of Art. 2 point 5 of the Act of 18 July 2002 on the provision of electronic services in connection with joke. 3 point 4 of the Act of February 17, 2005 on the computerization of the activities of entities performing public tasks.","PeriodicalId":166701,"journal":{"name":"Gubernaculum et Administratio","volume":"298 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123192293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sprawozdanie z międzynarodowej konferencji naukowej „Prawne aspekty odpowiedzialności podmiotów leczniczych i osób wykonujących zawody medyczne”","authors":"Milena Gawrol, Anna Rogacka-Łukasik","doi":"10.16926/gea.2022.01.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/gea.2022.01.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":166701,"journal":{"name":"Gubernaculum et Administratio","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129750242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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