None Ruqaya Kahtan Abbas, None Amani Jasim, None Qater Al Nada Ali Kanaem AL Ibady
Objective: To compare the levels of elemental calcium, vitamin D3, malondialdehyde and super oxide dismutaseenzymes in serum of women having recurrent miscarriages with normal healthy pregnant women.Method: The prospective study was conducted at Al-Karkh Maternity Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, and Al-Alawia MaternityHospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from February to August 2022, and comprised adult pregnant women having recurrentmiscarriages without being hypertensive or diabetic in group A and normal healthy pregnant women in control groupB. Blood samples were obtained from all the subjects. Besides, placental tissues were obtained from some membersfrom both the groups. Levels of elemental calcium, vitamin D3, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase enzymesin serum were evaluated and compared between the groups. Malondialdehyde and super oxide dismutase enzymesin the placental tissues were also compared. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.Results: Of the 140 women, 70(50%) were in each of the 2 groups. The overall age range of the sample was 18-43years. Placental tissues were obtained from 40(57.14%) in group A and 30(42.85%) in group B. In group A, miscarriagewas reported in the first trimester in 45(62.3%) cases, 21(30%) in the second trimester and 4(5.7%) in the third trimester.Mean level of serum elemental calcium, vitamin D3, malondialdehyde and super oxide dismutase were significantlydifferent between the groups (p<0.05), and the same was the case with the placental tissues (p<0.05).Conclusion: The causes of recurrent miscarriage in women could be attributed to changes in the levels of elementalcalcium, vitamin D3, super oxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in serum and placental tissues.Keywords: Pregnancy, Abortion, Spontaneous, Malondialdehyde, Cholecalciferol, Placenta, Vitamins, Oxides.
{"title":"Prospective study on biochemical markers causing recurrent miscarriages in Iraqi women of reproductive age","authors":"None Ruqaya Kahtan Abbas, None Amani Jasim, None Qater Al Nada Ali Kanaem AL Ibady","doi":"10.47391/jpma.iq-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.iq-17","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the levels of elemental calcium, vitamin D3, malondialdehyde and super oxide dismutaseenzymes in serum of women having recurrent miscarriages with normal healthy pregnant women.Method: The prospective study was conducted at Al-Karkh Maternity Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, and Al-Alawia MaternityHospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from February to August 2022, and comprised adult pregnant women having recurrentmiscarriages without being hypertensive or diabetic in group A and normal healthy pregnant women in control groupB. Blood samples were obtained from all the subjects. Besides, placental tissues were obtained from some membersfrom both the groups. Levels of elemental calcium, vitamin D3, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase enzymesin serum were evaluated and compared between the groups. Malondialdehyde and super oxide dismutase enzymesin the placental tissues were also compared. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.Results: Of the 140 women, 70(50%) were in each of the 2 groups. The overall age range of the sample was 18-43years. Placental tissues were obtained from 40(57.14%) in group A and 30(42.85%) in group B. In group A, miscarriagewas reported in the first trimester in 45(62.3%) cases, 21(30%) in the second trimester and 4(5.7%) in the third trimester.Mean level of serum elemental calcium, vitamin D3, malondialdehyde and super oxide dismutase were significantlydifferent between the groups (p<0.05), and the same was the case with the placental tissues (p<0.05).Conclusion: The causes of recurrent miscarriage in women could be attributed to changes in the levels of elementalcalcium, vitamin D3, super oxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in serum and placental tissues.Keywords: Pregnancy, Abortion, Spontaneous, Malondialdehyde, Cholecalciferol, Placenta, Vitamins, Oxides.","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134943957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
None Entsar Khaleel Sameen, None Shatha Mahmood Niazy, None Asmaa Ibadi Salman, None Sahar Al Kareem Alabbas Al Ghnaimawi
Objective: To determine knowledge and attitude and practice of mothers towards poliomyelitis vaccination.Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2019 to March 2020 at Bab Al-Moadham HealthCentre, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised mothers regardless of age who were visiting the child care unit with at least 1child aged <5 years. Data was collected through a questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 10.Results: There were 150 mothers with a mean age of 31.08±9.31 years. The largest age group was 20-29 years 90(60%)(p<0.05). There were 100(66.6%) subjects from urban areas, and 67(44.6%) had at least a college degree (p<0.05). Themost common source of information was television 110(73.3%), and 135(90%) subjects agreed that polio vaccine forthe child was a necessity. Overall assessment of the sample was good, with a percentile global means of the scorevalue of 50.30±9.81.Conclusion: Urban, educated and working mothers aged 20-29 years were more knowledgeable about polio than the rest.Keywords: Health, Knowledge, Attitudes, Poliomyelitis, Vaccination, Eradication.
{"title":"Mother’s knowledge and attitudes regarding poliomyelitis eradication among a sample in Bab Al Muadham health centre in Baghdad city, Iraq","authors":"None Entsar Khaleel Sameen, None Shatha Mahmood Niazy, None Asmaa Ibadi Salman, None Sahar Al Kareem Alabbas Al Ghnaimawi","doi":"10.47391/jpma.iq-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.iq-32","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine knowledge and attitude and practice of mothers towards poliomyelitis vaccination.Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2019 to March 2020 at Bab Al-Moadham HealthCentre, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised mothers regardless of age who were visiting the child care unit with at least 1child aged <5 years. Data was collected through a questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 10.Results: There were 150 mothers with a mean age of 31.08±9.31 years. The largest age group was 20-29 years 90(60%)(p<0.05). There were 100(66.6%) subjects from urban areas, and 67(44.6%) had at least a college degree (p<0.05). Themost common source of information was television 110(73.3%), and 135(90%) subjects agreed that polio vaccine forthe child was a necessity. Overall assessment of the sample was good, with a percentile global means of the scorevalue of 50.30±9.81.Conclusion: Urban, educated and working mothers aged 20-29 years were more knowledgeable about polio than the rest.Keywords: Health, Knowledge, Attitudes, Poliomyelitis, Vaccination, Eradication.","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134944200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To investigate the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of simarouba glauca on prostate cancercell lines PC-3.Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Iraqi centre for Genetic and Cancer Research from 15th Januaryto 20th June 2021. The evaluation was designed through apoptotic and membrane depolarisation assays. Methanolextract at 0.29ug/ml, 29ug/ml and 290ug/ml doses were used, while rifampicin acted as the positive control anddimethyl sulfoxide acted as the negative control. Real time gene expression was also done to evaluate the levels ofmessenger ribonucleic acid expression. Data was analysed using SPSS 16.Results: The methanol extract inhibited 50% of the PC-3 cells at a mean concentration of 35.24±0.23ug/mL comparedto 15.31±1.83ug/mL for positive control. The extracts pushed PC3 cells significantly into early apoptosis comparedto the positive control (p<0.05). The extracts greatly boosted the percentage of mitochondrial membrane potentialdepolarisation. Methanol extract was found to under-express both vascular endothelial growth factor A by 5-fold andarachidonate 5-lipoxygenase by 4-fold compared to positive control (p<0.05).Conclusion: Simarouba glauca methanol extracts were found to differentially control proliferation and apoptosis incancer cell lines PC-3.Keywords: Methanol, Plant extracts, Gene expression, Prostatic neoplasms, Phytochemicals, Drug design.
{"title":"Evaluation of cytotoxicity and Apoptotic effects of Simarouba glauca on the Prostate Cancer Cell Lines PC3","authors":"None Omar Sadik Shalal, None Sajjad Mohsin Irayyif","doi":"10.47391/jpma.iq-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.iq-24","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of simarouba glauca on prostate cancercell lines PC-3.Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Iraqi centre for Genetic and Cancer Research from 15th Januaryto 20th June 2021. The evaluation was designed through apoptotic and membrane depolarisation assays. Methanolextract at 0.29ug/ml, 29ug/ml and 290ug/ml doses were used, while rifampicin acted as the positive control anddimethyl sulfoxide acted as the negative control. Real time gene expression was also done to evaluate the levels ofmessenger ribonucleic acid expression. Data was analysed using SPSS 16.Results: The methanol extract inhibited 50% of the PC-3 cells at a mean concentration of 35.24±0.23ug/mL comparedto 15.31±1.83ug/mL for positive control. The extracts pushed PC3 cells significantly into early apoptosis comparedto the positive control (p<0.05). The extracts greatly boosted the percentage of mitochondrial membrane potentialdepolarisation. Methanol extract was found to under-express both vascular endothelial growth factor A by 5-fold andarachidonate 5-lipoxygenase by 4-fold compared to positive control (p<0.05).Conclusion: Simarouba glauca methanol extracts were found to differentially control proliferation and apoptosis incancer cell lines PC-3.Keywords: Methanol, Plant extracts, Gene expression, Prostatic neoplasms, Phytochemicals, Drug design.","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134944498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To investigate the isolates of Trichoderma that produce anthraquinones by High-performance LiquidChromatography (HPLC).Methods: Trichoderma specimen were collected from Wassit Soil and identified dependent on morphological featuresand tested for production of anthraquinones by HPLC, Trichoderma isolate which produced a high concentration ofanthraquinones diagnosed for the species using PCR-ITS region.Results: Ten isolates were identified as Trichoderma according to morphological and microscopic features. Resultsthree Trichoderma isolates show differences between the concentrations of anthraquinones among the ten isolates.The total concentration of this compound in the extracts of specimens 1, 2 and 3 were (7.765ug/ml), (2.308ug/ml),and (4.977ug/ml) respectively. At the final concentration of Trichoderma isolates, genomic DNA have been extracted(400 to 600 ug) / (2 to 3g) fresh mycelium, and with a concentration of (1.6 to1.8), and the results of amplifyingTrichoderma DNA samples by using ITS-1 and ITS-4 showed a single unique band consistent with T. reesei F48-03, Whichwith other isolates of the Trichoderma were missing, were identified successfully.Conclusion: For identification and phylogenetic classification of Trichoderma, DNA-based methods that provide usefulclassification information are presently used. For several years, most T. spp. is regarded as a single species due to theirmorphological similarity. This research used ITS markers to distinguish genotypes within T. spp. because of amplifyinga distinct, naturally determined locus with a couple of T.reesei -specific oligonucleotide primers. This research wascarried out to provide supporting evidence for the long-standing antimicrobial use of anthraquinone.Keywords: DNA, Primers, Trichoderma, Phylogeny, Soil, Chromatography, Liquid, Polymerase, Reaction,Anthraquinones, Mycelium, Plant, Genomics.
{"title":"Investigation of anthraquinone-producing Trichoderma reesei by highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC)","authors":"None Zeyad Khalaf Hussein, None Ghada Basil Alomashi, None Khaled Yassin Zakair","doi":"10.47391/jpma.iq-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.iq-25","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate the isolates of Trichoderma that produce anthraquinones by High-performance LiquidChromatography (HPLC).Methods: Trichoderma specimen were collected from Wassit Soil and identified dependent on morphological featuresand tested for production of anthraquinones by HPLC, Trichoderma isolate which produced a high concentration ofanthraquinones diagnosed for the species using PCR-ITS region.Results: Ten isolates were identified as Trichoderma according to morphological and microscopic features. Resultsthree Trichoderma isolates show differences between the concentrations of anthraquinones among the ten isolates.The total concentration of this compound in the extracts of specimens 1, 2 and 3 were (7.765ug/ml), (2.308ug/ml),and (4.977ug/ml) respectively. At the final concentration of Trichoderma isolates, genomic DNA have been extracted(400 to 600 ug) / (2 to 3g) fresh mycelium, and with a concentration of (1.6 to1.8), and the results of amplifyingTrichoderma DNA samples by using ITS-1 and ITS-4 showed a single unique band consistent with T. reesei F48-03, Whichwith other isolates of the Trichoderma were missing, were identified successfully.Conclusion: For identification and phylogenetic classification of Trichoderma, DNA-based methods that provide usefulclassification information are presently used. For several years, most T. spp. is regarded as a single species due to theirmorphological similarity. This research used ITS markers to distinguish genotypes within T. spp. because of amplifyinga distinct, naturally determined locus with a couple of T.reesei -specific oligonucleotide primers. This research wascarried out to provide supporting evidence for the long-standing antimicrobial use of anthraquinone.Keywords: DNA, Primers, Trichoderma, Phylogeny, Soil, Chromatography, Liquid, Polymerase, Reaction,Anthraquinones, Mycelium, Plant, Genomics.","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134943977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: To assess the perceived needs of parents who had premature infants in a neonatal intensive care setting.Method: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Raparin Teaching Hospital for Children, Erbil,Iraq, from April to June 2021, and comprised parents with premature infants who were enrolled during their infants’stay at the neonatal intensive care unit. Data was collected using a two-part questionnaire. The first part entailed aninterview exploring socio-demographic data, while the second part was a self-report questionnaire adapted from theCritical Care Family Needs Inventory, and had five domains; support, information, proximity, assurance, and comfort.Data was analysed using SPSS 25.Results: There were 57 sets of parents and premature neonates. The mean gestational age of the neonates was33.37±3.29 weeks, mean age of fathers was 31.44±7.24 years, and mean age of mothers was 27.51±6.19 years. Amongthe neonates, 31(54.4%) were boys, and 32(56.1%) had been delivered through caesarean section. Of the total 114mother and father, 106(93%) required assurance, 98(86%) needed comfort, and 96(84.2%) confirmed proximity as themost essential need. Besides, 84(73.7%) required information and 79(69.3%) required support.Conclusion: Parents of premature infants hospitalised in neonatal intensive care unit needed assurance, comfort,proximity, information and support in order of priority.Key Words: Premature, Infant, Parents, Erbil.
{"title":"Premature infant parents’ Need at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Erbil City, Iraq: A descriptive cross-sectional Study","authors":"None Kafia Hashim Karim, None Norhan Zeki Shakir","doi":"10.47391/jpma.iq-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.iq-12","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To assess the perceived needs of parents who had premature infants in a neonatal intensive care setting.Method: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Raparin Teaching Hospital for Children, Erbil,Iraq, from April to June 2021, and comprised parents with premature infants who were enrolled during their infants’stay at the neonatal intensive care unit. Data was collected using a two-part questionnaire. The first part entailed aninterview exploring socio-demographic data, while the second part was a self-report questionnaire adapted from theCritical Care Family Needs Inventory, and had five domains; support, information, proximity, assurance, and comfort.Data was analysed using SPSS 25.Results: There were 57 sets of parents and premature neonates. The mean gestational age of the neonates was33.37±3.29 weeks, mean age of fathers was 31.44±7.24 years, and mean age of mothers was 27.51±6.19 years. Amongthe neonates, 31(54.4%) were boys, and 32(56.1%) had been delivered through caesarean section. Of the total 114mother and father, 106(93%) required assurance, 98(86%) needed comfort, and 96(84.2%) confirmed proximity as themost essential need. Besides, 84(73.7%) required information and 79(69.3%) required support.Conclusion: Parents of premature infants hospitalised in neonatal intensive care unit needed assurance, comfort,proximity, information and support in order of priority.Key Words: Premature, Infant, Parents, Erbil.","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134944099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
None Muna Abdul Kadhum Zeidan, None Suhair Mohammed Hassoon
Objective: To determine the frequency of vaccination delays and the causes of such delays during the coronavirusdisease-2019 pandemic.Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from December 15, 2020, to July 20, 2021, at health centres in theSharqat area of Saladin Governorate in Iraq, and comprised parents who brought their child for immunisation duringcoronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. Data was gathered via direct interviews using a pre-designed questionnaire.Data was analysed using SPSS 19.Results: Of the 150 respondents, 84(56%) were from urban areas, and 65(42%) had higher education levels. The associationwas significant with level of education, socio-economic status of the family and availability of transportation (p<0.05).Conclusion: The vaccination process got disrupted during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic in Iraq.Keywords: COVID-19, Pandemic, Immunisation, Performance.
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on immunisation services performance in Sharqat, Saladin Governorate, Iraq","authors":"None Muna Abdul Kadhum Zeidan, None Suhair Mohammed Hassoon","doi":"10.47391/jpma.iq-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.iq-03","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the frequency of vaccination delays and the causes of such delays during the coronavirusdisease-2019 pandemic.Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from December 15, 2020, to July 20, 2021, at health centres in theSharqat area of Saladin Governorate in Iraq, and comprised parents who brought their child for immunisation duringcoronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. Data was gathered via direct interviews using a pre-designed questionnaire.Data was analysed using SPSS 19.Results: Of the 150 respondents, 84(56%) were from urban areas, and 65(42%) had higher education levels. The associationwas significant with level of education, socio-economic status of the family and availability of transportation (p<0.05).Conclusion: The vaccination process got disrupted during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic in Iraq.Keywords: COVID-19, Pandemic, Immunisation, Performance.","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134944104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
None Rawaa Kamel Abd, None Sameeha Naser Abd, None Makki Hasan Kadhim, None Sana Rouis, None Mahdi Boutrif
Objective: To examine the sociodemographic factors and determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity amongstudents in their early adolescent years.Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at four governmental intermediate schools located in Al-Nasiriyacity of Thi-Qar Governorate in Iraq from January 2 to February 15, 2021, and comprised students of either gender aged12-14 years. Data was gathered using a self-designed questionnaire. Body mass index was calculated after measuringthe subjects’ weight in kilograms on a properly calibrated digital scale and their height in centimetres on an appropriatetape meter scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.Results: Of the 218 subjects, 124(56.88%) were girls and 94(43.12%) were boys. Overall, 100(45.87%) subjects wereaged 13 years. There were 71(32.56%) overweight and 30(13.76%) obese subjects. Age and gender were significantlyassociated with body mass index (p<0.05).Conclusion: Students in their early adolescent years were relatively more likely to be overweight and obese. Age andgender had a correlation with body mass index.Keywords: Overweight, Body mass, Paediatric, Obesity, Demography.
{"title":"Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Pre-adolescence school children at Al- Nasiriya city, Iraq","authors":"None Rawaa Kamel Abd, None Sameeha Naser Abd, None Makki Hasan Kadhim, None Sana Rouis, None Mahdi Boutrif","doi":"10.47391/jpma.iq-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.iq-15","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To examine the sociodemographic factors and determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity amongstudents in their early adolescent years.Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at four governmental intermediate schools located in Al-Nasiriyacity of Thi-Qar Governorate in Iraq from January 2 to February 15, 2021, and comprised students of either gender aged12-14 years. Data was gathered using a self-designed questionnaire. Body mass index was calculated after measuringthe subjects’ weight in kilograms on a properly calibrated digital scale and their height in centimetres on an appropriatetape meter scale. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.Results: Of the 218 subjects, 124(56.88%) were girls and 94(43.12%) were boys. Overall, 100(45.87%) subjects wereaged 13 years. There were 71(32.56%) overweight and 30(13.76%) obese subjects. Age and gender were significantlyassociated with body mass index (p<0.05).Conclusion: Students in their early adolescent years were relatively more likely to be overweight and obese. Age andgender had a correlation with body mass index.Keywords: Overweight, Body mass, Paediatric, Obesity, Demography.","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134944198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
None Safa Fadhil, None Amani Jasim, None Amal Kamel
Objective: To identify microbial contents of water by physical and chemical analysesin different regions in a Middle East country.Methods: The prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in and around Al-Nassirya province ofIraq from March to July 2021, and comprised drinking water samples taken from water stations in citycentre as well as Al-Dawaya, Al-Shatrah and Al-Nasr districts in the outskirts. Analysis included estimationof turbidity, temperatures, potential of hydrogen, total hardness, and estimation of chlorine, calcium andsodium measured in The-Qar university laboratories, Data was analysed using SPSS version 17. T-test wasused to compare the mean values. A p-value of Less than or Equal to 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Of the 10 water samples 1(10%) was collected from the city centre, 4(40%) from Al-Dawaya district,2(20%) from Shatra district and 3(30%) from Al-Nasr district. Significant differences were found in thesamples collected from city centre compared to those from the countryside (p<0.29). Turbidity was less(1.7) in samples from the city centre compared to the three countryside water stations. High levels ofchlorine (26), concentration of calcium (199) and sodium (479) were moderately high in samples fromAl-Nasiriya city. Microbial growth was detected in samples from Al-Nasr and Al-Dawaya districts whereEscherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and cryptosporidiumparrum were detected in some water stations.Conclusion: Countryside water stations showed changes in standard physiochemical normal values andcontamination of drinking water with microorganisms.Keywords: Chlorine, Cryptosporidium parvum, Staphylococcus aureus, Cryptosporidiosis,Cryptosporidium, Escherichia coli, Sodium.
{"title":"Study on the physiochemical and microbial content of drinking water in and around Al-Nasiriyah province","authors":"None Safa Fadhil, None Amani Jasim, None Amal Kamel","doi":"10.47391/jpma.iq-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.iq-06","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To identify microbial contents of water by physical and chemical analysesin different regions in a Middle East country.Methods: The prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in and around Al-Nassirya province ofIraq from March to July 2021, and comprised drinking water samples taken from water stations in citycentre as well as Al-Dawaya, Al-Shatrah and Al-Nasr districts in the outskirts. Analysis included estimationof turbidity, temperatures, potential of hydrogen, total hardness, and estimation of chlorine, calcium andsodium measured in The-Qar university laboratories, Data was analysed using SPSS version 17. T-test wasused to compare the mean values. A p-value of Less than or Equal to 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Of the 10 water samples 1(10%) was collected from the city centre, 4(40%) from Al-Dawaya district,2(20%) from Shatra district and 3(30%) from Al-Nasr district. Significant differences were found in thesamples collected from city centre compared to those from the countryside (p<0.29). Turbidity was less(1.7) in samples from the city centre compared to the three countryside water stations. High levels ofchlorine (26), concentration of calcium (199) and sodium (479) were moderately high in samples fromAl-Nasiriya city. Microbial growth was detected in samples from Al-Nasr and Al-Dawaya districts whereEscherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and cryptosporidiumparrum were detected in some water stations.Conclusion: Countryside water stations showed changes in standard physiochemical normal values andcontamination of drinking water with microorganisms.Keywords: Chlorine, Cryptosporidium parvum, Staphylococcus aureus, Cryptosporidiosis,Cryptosporidium, Escherichia coli, Sodium.","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134944362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To assess pregnant women’s awareness on medication use and its effects on their health and the healthof their unborn child.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study on pregnant women who frequently visited the outpatient clinic at theFatima Al-Zahra Hospital was conducted using a non-probability sampling technique. A two-part questionnaire, thefirst of which inquired about socio-demographic information and the second inquired about mothers’ awareness ofthe effects of medications on their health and the health of the foetus while they were pregnant, was used to collectdata through direct interviews. The content validity of the instrument was established with the assistance of 20specialists. Cronbach’s alpha Coefficient was used to assess the instrument scales’ reliability. A Likert item was used toassess respondents’ understanding of a certain topic or statement. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, thestrength of the independent correlations between different components and the desired results was evaluated.Results: The study’s findings show that participants’ awareness of how medications affect a pregnant woman’s healthand the foetus had a bad overall mean score. On average, they were 27.4 8.34 years old. A 75 (75%) of the participantsin the study were over the age of 21, had a secondary education, and were working in some capacity. A 50 (50%) ofwomen had had three to five pregnancies, and 48 (48%) were in the third trimester. 11 (11%) of them utilized themedication illicitly.Conclusion: Maternal awareness of medication use is statistically strongly associated with a number of factorsinfluencing outcomes. In fact, pregnant adults over the age of 21 had little knowledge about it, little education, andused the drug without a prescription. The results of the study highlight the need for increased communication aboutmedication use with expectant mothers in order to enhance their understanding and reduce self-medication.Keywords: Knowledge, Pregnancy, Mothers, Fetus, Medication DOI: https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.IQ-22
{"title":"Pregnant women’s knowledge toward the effects of drugs on mother health’s and foetus during pregnancy in Fatima Al Zahra hospital, Baghdad, Iraq","authors":"None Shatha Mahmood Niazi, None Abeer Abed Gatea","doi":"10.47391/jpma.iq-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.iq-22","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess pregnant women’s awareness on medication use and its effects on their health and the healthof their unborn child.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study on pregnant women who frequently visited the outpatient clinic at theFatima Al-Zahra Hospital was conducted using a non-probability sampling technique. A two-part questionnaire, thefirst of which inquired about socio-demographic information and the second inquired about mothers’ awareness ofthe effects of medications on their health and the health of the foetus while they were pregnant, was used to collectdata through direct interviews. The content validity of the instrument was established with the assistance of 20specialists. Cronbach’s alpha Coefficient was used to assess the instrument scales’ reliability. A Likert item was used toassess respondents’ understanding of a certain topic or statement. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, thestrength of the independent correlations between different components and the desired results was evaluated.Results: The study’s findings show that participants’ awareness of how medications affect a pregnant woman’s healthand the foetus had a bad overall mean score. On average, they were 27.4 8.34 years old. A 75 (75%) of the participantsin the study were over the age of 21, had a secondary education, and were working in some capacity. A 50 (50%) ofwomen had had three to five pregnancies, and 48 (48%) were in the third trimester. 11 (11%) of them utilized themedication illicitly.Conclusion: Maternal awareness of medication use is statistically strongly associated with a number of factorsinfluencing outcomes. In fact, pregnant adults over the age of 21 had little knowledge about it, little education, andused the drug without a prescription. The results of the study highlight the need for increased communication aboutmedication use with expectant mothers in order to enhance their understanding and reduce self-medication.Keywords: Knowledge, Pregnancy, Mothers, Fetus, Medication DOI: https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.IQ-22","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134943679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
None Manar Kareem, None Sundus Nsaif Al Huchaimi, None Rasha Fadhl Obaid, None Huda A. Saleh
Objectives: To detect Leishmania species in selected regions in Iraq.Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2021 to March 2022 at Al-Hashimyah GeneralHospital in Babylon province, and Al Diwaniya Education Hospital in AL-Qadisiah province of Iraq. The samplecomprised patients with lesions suggestive of cutaneous leishmaniasis, as assessed by dermatologists. Direct smearwas used for parasitological examination by lesion aspiration. Molecular technique was used for the characterisationof parasite genus and species. Positive direct smear specimens were analysed by nested-polymerase chain reactionusing internal transcribed spacer-1 ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene.Results: Of the 120 specimens tested, 100(83.33%) tested positive; 59(59%) males and 41(41%) females. Most of theinfections were leishmania major 92(92%), followed by leishmania tropica 8(8%). There were 80(80%) dry lesions and20(20%) wet.Conclusions: Cutaneous leishmaniasis were mostly of tropica and major varieties in the studied areas.Keywords: Parasites, Dermatologists, Genes, rRNA, Cutaneous, Leishmania, Polymerase DNA.
{"title":"Identification of Leishmania species isolated from cutaneous leishmaniasis using molecular techniques in some provinces of Iraq","authors":"None Manar Kareem, None Sundus Nsaif Al Huchaimi, None Rasha Fadhl Obaid, None Huda A. Saleh","doi":"10.47391/jpma.iq-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.iq-14","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To detect Leishmania species in selected regions in Iraq.Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2021 to March 2022 at Al-Hashimyah GeneralHospital in Babylon province, and Al Diwaniya Education Hospital in AL-Qadisiah province of Iraq. The samplecomprised patients with lesions suggestive of cutaneous leishmaniasis, as assessed by dermatologists. Direct smearwas used for parasitological examination by lesion aspiration. Molecular technique was used for the characterisationof parasite genus and species. Positive direct smear specimens were analysed by nested-polymerase chain reactionusing internal transcribed spacer-1 ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene.Results: Of the 120 specimens tested, 100(83.33%) tested positive; 59(59%) males and 41(41%) females. Most of theinfections were leishmania major 92(92%), followed by leishmania tropica 8(8%). There were 80(80%) dry lesions and20(20%) wet.Conclusions: Cutaneous leishmaniasis were mostly of tropica and major varieties in the studied areas.Keywords: Parasites, Dermatologists, Genes, rRNA, Cutaneous, Leishmania, Polymerase DNA.","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134943851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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