Objectives: To evaluate the concentrations of some trace elements and the antioxidant status in male mice exposedto oxidative stress by carbon tetrachloride and then treated by either almond oil or vitamin C.Methods: The animal study was conducted in January 2020 at the College of Nursing of the University of Thi-Qar andthe Kut Technical Institute, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised adult male mice. They weredivided randomly into four equal groups and treated for 21 days. Mice in group I received sunflower oil 1ml per mice,mice in group II were injected 0.3% carbon tetrachloride intraperitonially, mice in group III received 0.3% carbontetrachloride plus oral intubation of vitamin C 300mg/kg body weight daily, and mice in group IV were intubated with 2.26g/kg body weight of almond oil plus 0.3% carbon tetrachloride daily. Serum and liver homogenate were used tomeasure the levels of trace elements and the antioxidant status. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20.Results: There were 24 mice; 6(25%) in each on the 4 groups. Mice in group II showed a significant decrease in zinc,magnesium and phosphorus levels, and significant elevation in calcium levels (p<0.05). Mice in groups III and IVshowed a significant difference in trace elements compared to group II (p<0.05). Almond oil enhanced the antioxidantstatus and was more active than vitamin C (p<0.05).Conclusions: Almond oil was found to have beneficial and pharmacological effects against oxidative stress.Keywords: Carbon tetrachloride, Antioxidants, Prunus dulcis, Ascorbic acid, Phosphorus, Fatty liver, Zinc, Vitamins,Intubation, Intratracheal.
{"title":"Almond oil improves the levels of some trace elements and antioxidant status in mice exposed to oxidative stress","authors":"None Amer Alasadi, None Husam Al-Hraishawi, None Haider Humaish","doi":"10.47391/jpma.iq-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.iq-29","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To evaluate the concentrations of some trace elements and the antioxidant status in male mice exposedto oxidative stress by carbon tetrachloride and then treated by either almond oil or vitamin C.Methods: The animal study was conducted in January 2020 at the College of Nursing of the University of Thi-Qar andthe Kut Technical Institute, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq, and comprised adult male mice. They weredivided randomly into four equal groups and treated for 21 days. Mice in group I received sunflower oil 1ml per mice,mice in group II were injected 0.3% carbon tetrachloride intraperitonially, mice in group III received 0.3% carbontetrachloride plus oral intubation of vitamin C 300mg/kg body weight daily, and mice in group IV were intubated with 2.26g/kg body weight of almond oil plus 0.3% carbon tetrachloride daily. Serum and liver homogenate were used tomeasure the levels of trace elements and the antioxidant status. Data was analysed using SPSS version 20.Results: There were 24 mice; 6(25%) in each on the 4 groups. Mice in group II showed a significant decrease in zinc,magnesium and phosphorus levels, and significant elevation in calcium levels (p<0.05). Mice in groups III and IVshowed a significant difference in trace elements compared to group II (p<0.05). Almond oil enhanced the antioxidantstatus and was more active than vitamin C (p<0.05).Conclusions: Almond oil was found to have beneficial and pharmacological effects against oxidative stress.Keywords: Carbon tetrachloride, Antioxidants, Prunus dulcis, Ascorbic acid, Phosphorus, Fatty liver, Zinc, Vitamins,Intubation, Intratracheal.","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134943980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
None Israa Jabbar Shamkhi, None Alaa Mohisn AL Araji, None Mohamed Mahmoud Hassan, None Mohammed Fakhir Mohammed, None Malik Mohammed
Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of emodin isolated from trichoderma longibrachiatum against certainpathogens in patients with bacterial disease.Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital, Wassit, Iraq, from December 2021to March 2022, and comprised tichoderma longibrachiatum taken from the Wasit University’s garden soil and weresubjected to plate morphology, microscopic examination, and polymerase chain reaction-internal transcribed spacertesting. Emodin was extracted by ethyl acetate with final yield of 58mg/L. Using the agar well diffusion method,emodin extract doses of 0.ug/ml, 1ug/ml, 2ug/ml and 4ug/ml were tested against clinical pathogenicmicroorganisms. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.Results: Emodin 0.5ug/ml showed high antibacterial activity against proteus mirabilis, with growth inhibition zoneof 8.7mm, followed by staphylococcus epidermidis 7mm, streptococcus pyogenes 7.6mm, staphylococcus aureus7.5mm, escherichia coli 6.7mm and klebsiella species 0.4mm. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to emodin0.5ug/ml.Conclusion: Emodin extract of trichoderma longibrachiatum showed high antimicrobial activity against humanpathogenic bacteria.5Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Trichoderma, Ethyl acetate,emodin, Agar, Mirabilis, Klebsiella, Bacterial, Polymerase.
{"title":"Antimicrobial activity of emodin – secondary metabolites from Trichoderma against some human pathogenic bacteria in Wasit province, Iraq","authors":"None Israa Jabbar Shamkhi, None Alaa Mohisn AL Araji, None Mohamed Mahmoud Hassan, None Mohammed Fakhir Mohammed, None Malik Mohammed","doi":"10.47391/jpma.iq-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.iq-28","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of emodin isolated from trichoderma longibrachiatum against certainpathogens in patients with bacterial disease.Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital, Wassit, Iraq, from December 2021to March 2022, and comprised tichoderma longibrachiatum taken from the Wasit University’s garden soil and weresubjected to plate morphology, microscopic examination, and polymerase chain reaction-internal transcribed spacertesting. Emodin was extracted by ethyl acetate with final yield of 58mg/L. Using the agar well diffusion method,emodin extract doses of 0.ug/ml, 1ug/ml, 2ug/ml and 4ug/ml were tested against clinical pathogenicmicroorganisms. Data was analysed using SPSS 22.Results: Emodin 0.5ug/ml showed high antibacterial activity against proteus mirabilis, with growth inhibition zoneof 8.7mm, followed by staphylococcus epidermidis 7mm, streptococcus pyogenes 7.6mm, staphylococcus aureus7.5mm, escherichia coli 6.7mm and klebsiella species 0.4mm. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was resistant to emodin0.5ug/ml.Conclusion: Emodin extract of trichoderma longibrachiatum showed high antimicrobial activity against humanpathogenic bacteria.5Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Trichoderma, Ethyl acetate,emodin, Agar, Mirabilis, Klebsiella, Bacterial, Polymerase.","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134944075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
None Ali Kareem Durib, None Jalil Ibrahim Saleh, None Sadoon Ibraheem, None Nawar Sahib Khalil, None Abdulmajeed Alwan. Hammadi, None Irina Stepanenko
Objective: To assess the quality of life among adults in an urban community.Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2019 to October 2021 in Baghdad, Iraq, afterapproval from the ethics review committee of the College of Medicine, Al-Iraqia University, Iraq, andcomprised adult subjects of either gender. Data was collected by direct interview using the short versionof the World Health Organisation quality of life questionnaire after it was modified and translated into thelocal Arabic language. Data was analysed using SPSS 18.Results: Of the 800 subjects, 496(62%) were males. The overall mean age was 48.7±13 years (range: 35-75years). There were 439(54.9%) subjects who were married, 602(75.3%) were employed, 516(64.5%) hadprimary and secondary levels of education, 586(73.3%) had own houses, 717(89.6%) were living in urbanareas, and 378(47.3%) had sufficient income. With respect to quality of life, the environmental domainhad the highest mean score 64.8±12.3, while the physical domain had the lowest 60.8±13.2. Gender, age,marital status, occupation, educational status, family income and family size were significantly related togeneral quality of life (p<0.05).Conclusion: Overall quality of life was found to be fair in among the general adult people studied.Keywords: Adult, Quality of life, Satisfaction, Housing, Arabs, Iraq, Marital status, Characteristics,Occupations.
{"title":"Quality of life among general adult people aged 35-75 years living in Baghdad, Iraq","authors":"None Ali Kareem Durib, None Jalil Ibrahim Saleh, None Sadoon Ibraheem, None Nawar Sahib Khalil, None Abdulmajeed Alwan. Hammadi, None Irina Stepanenko","doi":"10.47391/jpma.iq-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.iq-05","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the quality of life among adults in an urban community.Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2019 to October 2021 in Baghdad, Iraq, afterapproval from the ethics review committee of the College of Medicine, Al-Iraqia University, Iraq, andcomprised adult subjects of either gender. Data was collected by direct interview using the short versionof the World Health Organisation quality of life questionnaire after it was modified and translated into thelocal Arabic language. Data was analysed using SPSS 18.Results: Of the 800 subjects, 496(62%) were males. The overall mean age was 48.7±13 years (range: 35-75years). There were 439(54.9%) subjects who were married, 602(75.3%) were employed, 516(64.5%) hadprimary and secondary levels of education, 586(73.3%) had own houses, 717(89.6%) were living in urbanareas, and 378(47.3%) had sufficient income. With respect to quality of life, the environmental domainhad the highest mean score 64.8±12.3, while the physical domain had the lowest 60.8±13.2. Gender, age,marital status, occupation, educational status, family income and family size were significantly related togeneral quality of life (p<0.05).Conclusion: Overall quality of life was found to be fair in among the general adult people studied.Keywords: Adult, Quality of life, Satisfaction, Housing, Arabs, Iraq, Marital status, Characteristics,Occupations.","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134944076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To determine the correlation between toll-like receptor 4 and cytotoxic T cells in patients with type-1diabetes mellitus.Method: The cross-sectional, case control study was conducted at Al-Manatharah Hospital in the Al-Najaf province ofIraq from June 2021 to December 2021, and comprised patients of either gender aged 20-69 years having type-1diabetes mellitus in group A, and healthy subjects in control group B. From all the subjects, 4ml blood was collectedby vein puncture. Fasting blood glucose and lipid profile were estimated using a precipitant kit. Also measured weretoll-like receptor 4 and cytotoxic T cell levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Data was also notedon age, gender and body mass index. Data was analysed using SPSS version 23Results: Of the 100 subjects, 60(60%) were cases; 30(50%) males and as many females with mean age 59.21±18.092years. The remaining 40(40%) were controls; 20(50%) males and as many females with mean age 42.076±11.019 years.BMI values were not significantly different between the groups (p>0.05), and all lipid profile values were significantlyhigher in group A compared to group B (p<0.05) except high-density lipoprotein which was higher in group Bcompared to group A (p<0.05). Group A patients had significantly higher levels of toll-like receptor 4 and cytotoxicT cell than group B subjects (p<0.05).Conclusion: A significant relationship was found between type-1 diabetes and higher levels of toll-like receptor 4 andcytotoxic T cells.Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Toll-like receptor 4, Cytotoxic T cells, CD8.
{"title":"Toll-like receptor 4 and cytotoxic T cells CD8+ are prognostic markers in type 1 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"None Noor AlHuda Ghanem Hadi Al-Fatlawi","doi":"10.47391/jpma.iq-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.iq-04","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the correlation between toll-like receptor 4 and cytotoxic T cells in patients with type-1diabetes mellitus.Method: The cross-sectional, case control study was conducted at Al-Manatharah Hospital in the Al-Najaf province ofIraq from June 2021 to December 2021, and comprised patients of either gender aged 20-69 years having type-1diabetes mellitus in group A, and healthy subjects in control group B. From all the subjects, 4ml blood was collectedby vein puncture. Fasting blood glucose and lipid profile were estimated using a precipitant kit. Also measured weretoll-like receptor 4 and cytotoxic T cell levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Data was also notedon age, gender and body mass index. Data was analysed using SPSS version 23Results: Of the 100 subjects, 60(60%) were cases; 30(50%) males and as many females with mean age 59.21±18.092years. The remaining 40(40%) were controls; 20(50%) males and as many females with mean age 42.076±11.019 years.BMI values were not significantly different between the groups (p>0.05), and all lipid profile values were significantlyhigher in group A compared to group B (p<0.05) except high-density lipoprotein which was higher in group Bcompared to group A (p<0.05). Group A patients had significantly higher levels of toll-like receptor 4 and cytotoxicT cell than group B subjects (p<0.05).Conclusion: A significant relationship was found between type-1 diabetes and higher levels of toll-like receptor 4 andcytotoxic T cells.Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Toll-like receptor 4, Cytotoxic T cells, CD8.","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134944238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
None Sara Omar Hassan, None Shelan Qahraman Shakor, None Rozhan Yassin Khalil, None Salar Ibrahim Ali
Objective: To determine the frequency and indications of caesarean sections among pregnant women in an urbansetting.Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1, 2021, to February 1, 2022, at public-sectorMaternity Teaching Hospital and private-sector Baxshin and Harem hospitals in Sulaimani, Iraq, after approval fromthe ethics review committee of the College of Health and Medical Technology, Sulaimani. The sample comprisedpregnant women who were admitted to the maternity wards and who underwent caesarean section. Data wascollected using a predesigned questionnaire filled through face-to-face interviews individually. Data was analysedusing SPSS 25.Results: There were 474 pregnant women with mean age 28±6.87 years. Of the total, elective caesarean section caseswere 384(81%) and emergency cases were 90(19%). The main indications of caesarean section were mother’s request266(56.2%), fear of pain in natural vaginal delivery 375(79.1%), history of previous caesarean section 38(8%),cephalopelvic disproportion 26(5.5%), history of diabetes 21(4.4%), pre-eclampsia 19(4%) and bad obstetrichistory/infertility 10(2.1%). Age, parity, previous history of caesarean section and mother’s occupation weresignificantly associated with the type of caesarean section (p<0.05).Conclusion: Caesarean section rates were found to be much higher than recommended.Keywords: Prevalence, Caesarean section, Indications, Suliamani city, Iraq.
{"title":"Indications of caesarean section in pregnant women attending a public maternity teaching hospital and private hospitals in Sulaimani city Iraq","authors":"None Sara Omar Hassan, None Shelan Qahraman Shakor, None Rozhan Yassin Khalil, None Salar Ibrahim Ali","doi":"10.47391/jpma.iq-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.iq-18","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the frequency and indications of caesarean sections among pregnant women in an urbansetting.Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1, 2021, to February 1, 2022, at public-sectorMaternity Teaching Hospital and private-sector Baxshin and Harem hospitals in Sulaimani, Iraq, after approval fromthe ethics review committee of the College of Health and Medical Technology, Sulaimani. The sample comprisedpregnant women who were admitted to the maternity wards and who underwent caesarean section. Data wascollected using a predesigned questionnaire filled through face-to-face interviews individually. Data was analysedusing SPSS 25.Results: There were 474 pregnant women with mean age 28±6.87 years. Of the total, elective caesarean section caseswere 384(81%) and emergency cases were 90(19%). The main indications of caesarean section were mother’s request266(56.2%), fear of pain in natural vaginal delivery 375(79.1%), history of previous caesarean section 38(8%),cephalopelvic disproportion 26(5.5%), history of diabetes 21(4.4%), pre-eclampsia 19(4%) and bad obstetrichistory/infertility 10(2.1%). Age, parity, previous history of caesarean section and mother’s occupation weresignificantly associated with the type of caesarean section (p<0.05).Conclusion: Caesarean section rates were found to be much higher than recommended.Keywords: Prevalence, Caesarean section, Indications, Suliamani city, Iraq.","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134944355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To determine the prevalence of smoking among students, and to identify the reasons for smoking.Method: The cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was conducted from April 1 to May 9, 2019, at theTechnical Institute, Al-Furat University, Babylon, Iraq, and comprised students of either gender who were selectedrandomly. Data was collected through structured interviews using a questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 24.Results: Of the 147 subjects, 115(78.2%) were males and 32(21.8%) females. The largest age group was 19-28 years125(85%), and 115(78.2%) hailed from rural areas. There were 78(53%) smokers; 73(63.5%) from among males and5(15.6%) from among females. The most cited reason for smoking was feeling of enjoyment 40%. Smoking wassignificantly associated with age, gender as well as level and type of education (p<0.05). The association of friendsand family with the smoking habit was significant (p<0.05). Among the smokers, 72(92.3%) were aware of the harmfuleffects of the habit (p<0.05).Conclusion: Cigarette smoking was found to be widespread among the students.Keywords: Smoking, Family, Tobacco, Habits, Masculinity, Students, Smokers.
{"title":"Study on prevalence of cigarette smoking among a sample of students of technical institute of Babylon","authors":"None Israa Dawood Salim","doi":"10.47391/jpma.iq-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.iq-11","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the prevalence of smoking among students, and to identify the reasons for smoking.Method: The cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was conducted from April 1 to May 9, 2019, at theTechnical Institute, Al-Furat University, Babylon, Iraq, and comprised students of either gender who were selectedrandomly. Data was collected through structured interviews using a questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 24.Results: Of the 147 subjects, 115(78.2%) were males and 32(21.8%) females. The largest age group was 19-28 years125(85%), and 115(78.2%) hailed from rural areas. There were 78(53%) smokers; 73(63.5%) from among males and5(15.6%) from among females. The most cited reason for smoking was feeling of enjoyment 40%. Smoking wassignificantly associated with age, gender as well as level and type of education (p<0.05). The association of friendsand family with the smoking habit was significant (p<0.05). Among the smokers, 72(92.3%) were aware of the harmfuleffects of the habit (p<0.05).Conclusion: Cigarette smoking was found to be widespread among the students.Keywords: Smoking, Family, Tobacco, Habits, Masculinity, Students, Smokers.","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"433 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134943857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To determine the role of interleukin-24 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine among female rheumatoid arthritispatients, and its correlation with clinical parameters.Method: The case-control study was conducted from April to July 2021 at the Baghdad Teaching Hospital andYarmouk Teaching Hospital, Iraq, and comprised women aged 26-60 years in the Al-Karkh district having rheumatoidarthritis diagnosed by a rheumatologist, and healthy controls matched for age and gender. Data was analysed usingSPSS 28.Results: Of the 118 subjects, 76(64.4%) were patients with mean age 45.38±1.23 years, and 42(35.6%) were controlswith mean age 46.48±2.02 years. Rheumatoid factor level was highly significant among the cases37.30±2.50mg/L compared to the controls 4.91±0.53mg/L (p Less than or Equal to 0.05), and similar was the case with anti-cycliccitrullinated peptides 63.04±2.82U/mL versus 14.02±0.30U/mL (p Less than or Equal to 0.05). Serum interleukin-24 was considerablyelevated in patients 157.52±9.40 compared to controls 34.75±3.06 (p Less than or Equal to 0.05). Interleukin-24 had a significant positivecorrelation with rheumatoid factor, and a significant negative correlation with C-reactive protein and erythrocytesedimentation rate (p<0.05).Conclusion: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had higher interleukin-24 serum levels than healthy controls, indicatingthat interleukin-24 may be a significant marker in rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis.Keywords: Protein, Antibodies, Cytokines, Arthritis, Rheumatoid.
{"title":"The role of IL-24 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in some Iraqi rheumatoid arthritis patients","authors":"None Sattar Brissm Hassan, None Hanaa Naji Abdullah, None Khaled Yassin Zakair","doi":"10.47391/jpma.iq-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.iq-21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the role of interleukin-24 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine among female rheumatoid arthritispatients, and its correlation with clinical parameters.Method: The case-control study was conducted from April to July 2021 at the Baghdad Teaching Hospital andYarmouk Teaching Hospital, Iraq, and comprised women aged 26-60 years in the Al-Karkh district having rheumatoidarthritis diagnosed by a rheumatologist, and healthy controls matched for age and gender. Data was analysed usingSPSS 28.Results: Of the 118 subjects, 76(64.4%) were patients with mean age 45.38±1.23 years, and 42(35.6%) were controlswith mean age 46.48±2.02 years. Rheumatoid factor level was highly significant among the cases37.30±2.50mg/L compared to the controls 4.91±0.53mg/L (p Less than or Equal to 0.05), and similar was the case with anti-cycliccitrullinated peptides 63.04±2.82U/mL versus 14.02±0.30U/mL (p Less than or Equal to 0.05). Serum interleukin-24 was considerablyelevated in patients 157.52±9.40 compared to controls 34.75±3.06 (p Less than or Equal to 0.05). Interleukin-24 had a significant positivecorrelation with rheumatoid factor, and a significant negative correlation with C-reactive protein and erythrocytesedimentation rate (p<0.05).Conclusion: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had higher interleukin-24 serum levels than healthy controls, indicatingthat interleukin-24 may be a significant marker in rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis.Keywords: Protein, Antibodies, Cytokines, Arthritis, Rheumatoid.","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134944102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of aloe-emodin isolated from aloe-vera against staphylococcus aureusfrom human patients and cows suffering from respiratory tract infection.Method: The experimental study was conducted at the A;-Kut Technical Institute, Iraq, from October 2021 to December2021, and comprised human nasal swabs collected from Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital and Al-Karama Teaching Hospitalin Wassit, Iraq, in group A, cow nasal swabs collected from city centre, Al-Hay, Al-Bataar, Sheikh Saad, Al-Azizia and Al-Suwaira fields in group B. Aloe-vera was taken from the local market for which certification was obtained from theDirectorate of Seed Testing and Certification, Ministry of the Agriculture, Iraq. The swab specimens were transferredto the laboratory under standard conditions. The specimens were inoculated to mannitol salt agar and blood agarmedia and were then incubated for 24-48hrs at 37°C under aerobic conditions. All the primary screened isolates werethen subjected to various morphological and biochemical tests to ensure their identity. Data was analysed using thestatistical analysis system, 2018.Results: Of the 200 samples, 100(50%) were in group A and 100 100(50%) in group B. Aloe-emodin was the mosteffective antibiotic that inhibited human and cow pathogenic bacteria with high inhibition zone range at (1%) whichincreased with increasing aloe-emodin extract concentrations at (2% ,4%). Staphylococcus isolates revealed a differentresponse to the aloe-emodin antimicrobial activity.Conclusion: Aloe-emodin extract of alo-vera showed high antimicrobial activity against all human and cowpathogenic bacteria.Keywords: Cattle, Aloe, Emodin, Plant, Anti-bacterial, Anti-infective, Nose, Agriculture, Ethanol, Seeds.
{"title":"Antimicrobial activity of aloe-emodin from Aloe-vera against Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"None Ola Salam Znad, None Zainab Razzaq Zghair","doi":"10.47391/jpma.iq-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.iq-26","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of aloe-emodin isolated from aloe-vera against staphylococcus aureusfrom human patients and cows suffering from respiratory tract infection.Method: The experimental study was conducted at the A;-Kut Technical Institute, Iraq, from October 2021 to December2021, and comprised human nasal swabs collected from Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital and Al-Karama Teaching Hospitalin Wassit, Iraq, in group A, cow nasal swabs collected from city centre, Al-Hay, Al-Bataar, Sheikh Saad, Al-Azizia and Al-Suwaira fields in group B. Aloe-vera was taken from the local market for which certification was obtained from theDirectorate of Seed Testing and Certification, Ministry of the Agriculture, Iraq. The swab specimens were transferredto the laboratory under standard conditions. The specimens were inoculated to mannitol salt agar and blood agarmedia and were then incubated for 24-48hrs at 37°C under aerobic conditions. All the primary screened isolates werethen subjected to various morphological and biochemical tests to ensure their identity. Data was analysed using thestatistical analysis system, 2018.Results: Of the 200 samples, 100(50%) were in group A and 100 100(50%) in group B. Aloe-emodin was the mosteffective antibiotic that inhibited human and cow pathogenic bacteria with high inhibition zone range at (1%) whichincreased with increasing aloe-emodin extract concentrations at (2% ,4%). Staphylococcus isolates revealed a differentresponse to the aloe-emodin antimicrobial activity.Conclusion: Aloe-emodin extract of alo-vera showed high antimicrobial activity against all human and cowpathogenic bacteria.Keywords: Cattle, Aloe, Emodin, Plant, Anti-bacterial, Anti-infective, Nose, Agriculture, Ethanol, Seeds.","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134944215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
None Isa Swadi Touhali, None Khairi Jameel Al Ruaby, None Alwan Al Qushawi
Objective: To isolate candida species from cattle milk isolates and investigate the advances of ketoconazole-loadedsolid lipid nanoparticles and ketoconazole-nanostructured lipid carters, and to analyse their properties and comparetheir antifungal performance compared to free ketoconazole.Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2021 to April 2022 in Waist Governorate of Iraq, andcomprised milk samples obtained from cows infected with mastitis. The study was initiated after obtaining approvalfrom the IRB of the veterinary hospital in the Governorate of Iraq. The samples were cultured on 4% savoured dextroseagar and incubated independently at 37°C before they were subjected to a range of tests. Mastitis was checked witha commercially available cultural and morphological identity card system and through candida chromogenic agar.The data was analyzed by using the programmed SPSS IBM version 20. The chi-square test was used to check theinhibition zones due to the anti-fungal activity of KTZ-LPN and free KTZ. The significance level was kept at p<0.05.Results:Of the 225 samples, 116(51.5%) were obtained from cows infected with mastitis on the basis of a commerciallyavailable cultural and morphological identity card system. Among the 61(52.6%) candida albicans isolated, resistanceto amphotericin B was shown by 60(98%) and to nystatin by 58(95%), while those sensitive to ketoconazole were32(52%) and to fluconazole 31(51%).The ketoconazole nanostructured lipid nanoparticle (KTZ-NLC) preparationsshowed higher antifungal activity than other tested preparations at 0.25ug/ml with a minimum inhibition zone of15±2.4 mm followed by ketoconazole solid lipid nanoparticle (KTZ-SLN) preparations with minimum inhibition zoneof 15±1.3 mm. Free ketoconazole showed the lowest inhibition zone values at the same concentration (0.25ug/ml),which was 11±1.3 mm. Both these lipid nanoparticles formulations, especially ketoconazole nanostructured lipidcarriers (KTZ-NLC), could represent a promising formulation for antifungal application and use.Conclusions: Ketoconazole-nanostructured lipid carter formulations were found to be effective for drug delivery.Keywords: Nanoparticles, Fluconazole, Amphotericin, Ketoconazole, Nystatin, Drug, Milk, Candida, Mastitis.
目的:从牛乳分离物中分离念珠菌，探讨酮康唑固体脂质纳米颗粒和酮康唑纳米结构脂质载体的研究进展，分析其性能，并与游离酮康唑比较其抗真菌性能。方法:横断面研究于2021年10月至2022年4月在伊拉克腰省进行，包括从感染乳腺炎的奶牛中获得的牛奶样本。这项研究是在获得伊拉克省兽医医院伦理委员会的批准后开始的。样品在4%的佐料右旋葡萄糖上培养，在37°C下独立孵育，然后进行一系列测试。乳腺炎检查与市售的文化和形态身份证系统，并通过念珠菌显色琼脂。采用SPSS IBM version 20编程软件对数据进行分析。KTZ- lpn和游离KTZ的抑菌区采用卡方检验。显著性水平保持在p<0.05。结果:225份样本中，116份(51.5%)是根据市售的培养和形态身份证系统从感染乳腺炎的奶牛中获得的。其中，对两性霉素B耐药60例(98%)，制霉菌素耐药58例(95%)，酮康唑敏感32例(52%)，氟康唑敏感31例(51%)。酮康唑纳米结构脂质纳米粒(KTZ-NLC)在0.25ug/ml浓度下的抑菌活性最高，最小抑菌区为15±2.4 mm，其次为酮康唑固体脂质纳米粒(KTZ-SLN)，最小抑菌区为15±1.3 mm。在相同浓度(0.25ug/ml)下，游离酮康唑的抑制带值最低，为11±1.3 mm。这两种脂质纳米颗粒制剂，特别是酮康唑纳米结构脂质载体(KTZ-NLC)，可以代表一种有前途的抗真菌应用和使用制剂。结论:酮康唑-纳米结构脂质载体制剂具有较好的给药效果。关键词:纳米颗粒，氟康唑，两性霉素，酮康唑，制霉菌素，药物，牛奶，念珠菌，乳腺炎
{"title":"Detection of Candida spp. from mastitis cattle milk and study of the antifungal activity of ketoconazole-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers against Candida isolates","authors":"None Isa Swadi Touhali, None Khairi Jameel Al Ruaby, None Alwan Al Qushawi","doi":"10.47391/jpma.iq-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.iq-30","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To isolate candida species from cattle milk isolates and investigate the advances of ketoconazole-loadedsolid lipid nanoparticles and ketoconazole-nanostructured lipid carters, and to analyse their properties and comparetheir antifungal performance compared to free ketoconazole.Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2021 to April 2022 in Waist Governorate of Iraq, andcomprised milk samples obtained from cows infected with mastitis. The study was initiated after obtaining approvalfrom the IRB of the veterinary hospital in the Governorate of Iraq. The samples were cultured on 4% savoured dextroseagar and incubated independently at 37°C before they were subjected to a range of tests. Mastitis was checked witha commercially available cultural and morphological identity card system and through candida chromogenic agar.The data was analyzed by using the programmed SPSS IBM version 20. The chi-square test was used to check theinhibition zones due to the anti-fungal activity of KTZ-LPN and free KTZ. The significance level was kept at p<0.05.Results:Of the 225 samples, 116(51.5%) were obtained from cows infected with mastitis on the basis of a commerciallyavailable cultural and morphological identity card system. Among the 61(52.6%) candida albicans isolated, resistanceto amphotericin B was shown by 60(98%) and to nystatin by 58(95%), while those sensitive to ketoconazole were32(52%) and to fluconazole 31(51%).The ketoconazole nanostructured lipid nanoparticle (KTZ-NLC) preparationsshowed higher antifungal activity than other tested preparations at 0.25ug/ml with a minimum inhibition zone of15±2.4 mm followed by ketoconazole solid lipid nanoparticle (KTZ-SLN) preparations with minimum inhibition zoneof 15±1.3 mm. Free ketoconazole showed the lowest inhibition zone values at the same concentration (0.25ug/ml),which was 11±1.3 mm. Both these lipid nanoparticles formulations, especially ketoconazole nanostructured lipidcarriers (KTZ-NLC), could represent a promising formulation for antifungal application and use.Conclusions: Ketoconazole-nanostructured lipid carter formulations were found to be effective for drug delivery.Keywords: Nanoparticles, Fluconazole, Amphotericin, Ketoconazole, Nystatin, Drug, Milk, Candida, Mastitis.","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134944220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
None Eman Salman Khamaes, None Ali Hafedh Abbas, None Nagham Yaseenm Al-Bayati
Objective: To assess the role of tumour necrosis factor alpha level and genotyping in susceptibility to leishmaniasis.Method: The case-control study was conducted from March to July 2021 at Baqubah Teaching Hospital, Diyala, Iraq,and comprised patients of cutaneous leishmaniasis in group A and healthy controls in group B. The serum level andsingle nucleotide polymorphisms of tumour necrosis factor-alpha rs41297589 and rs1800629 were compared betweenthe groups. Data was analysed using SPSS 28.Results: Of the 150 subjects, there were 75(50%) in group A; 39(52%) males and 36(48%) females with mean age23.91±13.14 years. The remaining 75(50%) subjects were in group B; 38(50.7%) males and 37(49.3%) females withmean age 22.84±4.35 years. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha level in group A was 55.81±39.64 compared to 7.51±3.61in group B (p<0.05). Single nucleotide polymorphism rs41297589 showed that TT genotype and T allele weresignificantly increased in group A compared to group B (p<0.05), while rs1800629 showed that GA genotype and Aallele were significantly increased in group A compared to group B (p<0.05). The serum level of tumour necrosis factoralphain group A was increased in TT genotype compared to other genotypes at rs41297589, and in GA genotypecompared to other genotypes at rs1800629 (p<0.05).Conclusions: There was a significant association between tumour necrosis factor-alpha serum level and geneticpolymorphisms rs41297589 and rs1800629 among cutaneous leishmaniasis patients.Keywords: Polymorphism, Nucleotide, Alleles, Psychodidae, Leishmania, Parasites, Cutaneous, Nucleotides.
{"title":"The role of Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-ALPHA) serum level and genetic polymorphisms with cutaneous leishmania infections","authors":"None Eman Salman Khamaes, None Ali Hafedh Abbas, None Nagham Yaseenm Al-Bayati","doi":"10.47391/jpma.iq-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47391/jpma.iq-08","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the role of tumour necrosis factor alpha level and genotyping in susceptibility to leishmaniasis.Method: The case-control study was conducted from March to July 2021 at Baqubah Teaching Hospital, Diyala, Iraq,and comprised patients of cutaneous leishmaniasis in group A and healthy controls in group B. The serum level andsingle nucleotide polymorphisms of tumour necrosis factor-alpha rs41297589 and rs1800629 were compared betweenthe groups. Data was analysed using SPSS 28.Results: Of the 150 subjects, there were 75(50%) in group A; 39(52%) males and 36(48%) females with mean age23.91±13.14 years. The remaining 75(50%) subjects were in group B; 38(50.7%) males and 37(49.3%) females withmean age 22.84±4.35 years. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha level in group A was 55.81±39.64 compared to 7.51±3.61in group B (p<0.05). Single nucleotide polymorphism rs41297589 showed that TT genotype and T allele weresignificantly increased in group A compared to group B (p<0.05), while rs1800629 showed that GA genotype and Aallele were significantly increased in group A compared to group B (p<0.05). The serum level of tumour necrosis factoralphain group A was increased in TT genotype compared to other genotypes at rs41297589, and in GA genotypecompared to other genotypes at rs1800629 (p<0.05).Conclusions: There was a significant association between tumour necrosis factor-alpha serum level and geneticpolymorphisms rs41297589 and rs1800629 among cutaneous leishmaniasis patients.Keywords: Polymorphism, Nucleotide, Alleles, Psychodidae, Leishmania, Parasites, Cutaneous, Nucleotides.","PeriodicalId":16673,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pakistan Medical Association","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134943841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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