Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

Purpose: To objectively evaluate ocular cycloposition using conventional color fundus photography (CFP) and Spectralis optical coherence tomography (OCT) in exotropic patients undergoing horizontal strabismus surgery and to assess the agreement between these methods. Additionally, we aimed to determine whether surgery alters ocular torsion in pure exotropia. Methods: In this prospective, single-center study, 42 eyes from 21 patients with exotropia requiring bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession were evaluated. The disc-center fovea angle (DFA) was measured pre- and postoperatively using CFP (Topcon fundus camera) and Spectralis OCT with fovea-to-disc (FoDi) alignment software. Results: The angle of exodeviation improved significantly postoperatively, from 35.10 ± 7.89 to 3.76 ± 3.73 prism diopters (p < 0.001). Both CFP- and OCT-derived DFA values remained stable in both eyes at 6 months (p > 0.05 for all comparisons). No significant differences were observed between CFP and OCT measurements at baseline or postoperatively (p > 0.05). Preoperative intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between methods was strong (right eye: 0.765; left eye: 0.750), decreasing postoperatively to moderate levels (right eye: 0.618; left eye: 0.661). Conclusion: Horizontal strabismus surgery does not significantly alter ocular torsion in pure exotropia. Spectralis OCT reliably quantifies cyclotorsion but may yield marginally lower DFA values compared to CFP, despite no statistical difference.

Purpose: To assess the impact of various body and head positions on intraocular pressure (IOP) in cataract patients aged over 40 years with limited mobility. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between August and December 2023 at Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University. The IOP was measured using a handheld tonometer (iCare IC200 rebound tonometer) in various head positions (forward, tilted left, and tilted right) and body positions: supine, semirecumbent, sitting, and prone. Results: In the supine position, the IOP measurements for the head positioned forward, right, and left were (13.80 ± 3.62) mmHg, (14.25 ± 3.66) mmHg, and (13.78 ± 3.40) mmHg, respectively. In the semirecumbent position, the corresponding IOPs were (12.08 ± 3.34) mmHg, (12.12 ± 3.22) mmHg, and (12.04 ± 3.38) mmHg. In the sitting position, the IOPs were recorded as (11.73 ± 3.29) mmHg, (11.73 ± 3.22) mmHg, and (11.59 ± 3.17) mmHg. Lastly, in the prone position, the IOPs were (14.19 ± 3.73) mmHg, (14.42 ± 3.93) mmHg, and (14.74 ± 3.81) mmHg, respectively. In each position group, there was no statistically significant difference in IOP among the three head positions. Regardless of the head position, the IOP is lowest in the sitting position, followed by semirecumbent and supine positions, with the prone position having the highest IOP. The analyses revealed that central corneal thickness (CCT) was correlated with an IOP value (p < 0.05) when patients were in different positions. Conclusion: IOP is influenced by body position. As the body transitions from upright to horizontal, IOP tends to increase. The position of the head, however, has no effect on IOP.

Purpose: To investigate whether supplementation with dietary antioxidants has an effect on the yearly progression rate of atrophic lesions in autosomal recessive Stargardt disease (STGD1), as derived from fundus autofluorescence (FAF). Methods: Retrospective study of patients with molecularly confirmed STGD1 aged ≥ 6 years at baseline and presence of an atrophic lesion of ≥ 250 μm in diameter, who underwent FAF imaging between 01/01/2010 and 10/31/2023. Patients were grouped into supplement takers and nontakers based on the daily intake of lutein, zeaxanthin, saffron, and N-acetylcysteine. Baseline and follow-up FAF images were graded by two readers. Variables assessed included total area of decreased FAF (DAF) and effective lesion size of total DAF, calculated as a square root transformation. Annual atrophy growth rates were calculated for both subgroups and compared. Results: A total of 53 eyes of 53 patients were enrolled. Thirty-three patients were categorized as supplement takers (mean age 34 ± 20.3 years, 57.6% female) and 20 patients as nontakers (mean age 29.5 ± 16.6 years, 65% female). Mean growth rates of DAF were 0.61 ± 0.72 mm²/year for supplement takers and 0.49 ± 0.55 mm²/year for nontakers (p=0.9). The mean observation period was 2 years (range 0.5-5.6) and 4.5 years (range 1-10.3), for supplement takers and for nontakers, respectively. Conclusion: Supplementation with dietary antioxidants did not result in a slower progression rate of DAF lesions in STGD1. Further investigation with randomized trials is needed for evidence-based use of antioxidant supplements for the disease.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/joph/5594701.].

Purpose: To explore the long-term (13-year) outcomes associated with keratorefractive lenticule extraction (KLEx) among patients with myopia up to -10 dioptres. Methods: This prospective, nonconsecutive case series included 29 patients (29 eyes) who underwent KLEx procedures from May, 2010, through March, 2013, at the Fudan University Eye and ENT Hospital. Analyses performed preoperatively and at the 1-month, 1-year, 5-year, 10-year, and 13-year postoperative time points included measures of uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA), objective and manifest refractions, intraocular pressure, axis length, slit-lamp examination, and corneal tomography. Results: All surgeries were performed without any complications. A UDVA of at least 20/25 was achieved in 29 eyes (100%), while 10 eyes (43.4%) exhibited unchanged CDVA, and no lines were lost for any eyes. Additionally, 21 eyes (72%) and 28 eyes (97%) were, respectively, within ±0.5 D and ±1.00 D of the target refraction. The mean refractive regression from 1 month to 13 years after surgery was -0.26 ± 0.41 D. No significant changes in posterior central elevation (PCE) or △PCE were noted at the follow-up time points (all p > 0.05). Significant postoperative increases in higher-order aberrations and vertical coma were observed postoperatively (p < 0.001), and these remained largely stable over the follow-up period (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: These 13-year follow-up results highlight the safety, stability, and predictability of KLEx as an approach to treating myopia up to -10 dioptres.

Purpose: To compare efficacy and safety for deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) versus penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for macular corneal dystrophy. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science) to identify eligible studies reported up to January 2024. Using STATA 17, we reported outcomes as log risk ratios (log RRs) or mean difference (SMD) and confidence intervals (CIs). A p value ≤ 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Results: DALK was superior to PK in terms of BCVA (Hedge's g: -0.32 with 95% CI [-0.64, -0.01], p=0.05), PK was associated with a higher risk of graft rejection in comparison with DALK (log RR: 1.21 with 95% CI [0.25, 2.18], p=0.01), and there was no difference between PK and DALK in terms of risk of glaucoma, cataract (log RR: -0.02 with 95% CI [-1.00, 0.95], p=0.96), and (log RR: 0.09 with 95% CI [-0.53, 0.71], p=0.78). The pooled data were homogeneous (I ² = 0%; p=0.84), respectively. Conclusion: This study suggests that PK, compared to DALK, is associated with worse visual outcomes, with a lower risk of recurrence and a higher risk of graft rejection in macular corneal dystrophy patients.

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally, affecting millions of individuals. It encompasses a group of progressive optic neuropathies characterized by retinal ganglion cell loss and visual field deterioration, often associated with elevated intraocular pressure. Despite advances in understanding the disease, glaucoma management remains challenging due to its complex pathophysiology, heterogeneous presentations, and the need for lifelong treatment. Given the rapidly evolving nature of glaucoma research and its multidisciplinary scope, there is a compelling need for a comprehensive review that synthesizes the latest findings, highlights key advancements, and identifies areas requiring further investigation. This review aims to serve as a comprehensive resource for ophthalmologists, researchers, and healthcare providers by offering an overview of glaucoma classification, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnostic tools, and management options.

Purpose: To report the visual outcomes following bilateral implantation of a new trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) in patients with age-related cataracts. Methods: This prospective, noncomparative, multicenter study assessed 126 patients undergoing cataract extraction followed by AT ELANA 841P IOL implantation. At 4-6 months postoperatively, refractive error and predictability, monocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA), distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity (DCIVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), distance-corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA), and binocular contrast sensitivity were measured. The binocular defocus curve was evaluated at 3 months postoperatively. Results: Postoperatively, most of the eyes (84.9%) were within ±0.5 D of spherical equivalent (SE) refraction and almost all eyes (98.9%) within ±1.0 D, with a mean SE value of -0.11 ± 0.37 D. Mean monocular CDVA was -0.06 ± 0.08 logMAR and UDVA was -0.01 ± 0.10 logMAR. Mean monocular uncorrected (UIVA and UNVA) and distance-corrected visual acuities (DCIVA and DCNVA) were 0.1 logMAR or better at intermediate (80 cm) and near (40 cm) distances. In the mean defocus curve, a continuous range of 0.1 logMAR or better vision from distance to near was observed. Percentages of eyes achieving CDVA, DCIVA, and DCNVA of 0.1 logMAR or better were 97.2%, 59.1% and 59.1%, respectively. Uncorrected visual acuity of 0.1 logMAR or better was achieved in 88.9% of the eyes at far, 57.1% at intermediate, and 44.4% at near distances. Contrast sensitivity was in the normal range of a phakic population at all spatial frequencies in all light conditions tested, photopic with glare and mesopic with and without glare. Conclusion: Implantation of the new AT ELANA 841P IOL following cataract extraction is safe and effective. Visual acuities at all distances, refractive outcomes, and contrast sensitivity were favorable at 4-6 months postoperatively, providing patients with satisfactory far, intermediate, and near vision. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06247683.

Purpose: To analyse the outcomes of deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in cases with intraoperative Descemet membrane (DM) perforation. Methods: This is a literature review reporting outcomes of DALK with DM perforation. Studies where DALK was performed in the event of intraoperative DM perforation were included. Studies that did not separate analysis between those with and without DM perforation were excluded. The primary outcome was best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA). Secondary outcomes were endothelial cell density (ECD), graft survival, rejection rates, double anterior chamber and conversion to penetrating keratoplasty (PK). Data from the included studies were collated to compare the outcomes of DALK with intraoperative DM perforation vs. DALK without DM perforation. Results: Eleven retrospective case series (357 eyes) were included. DM perforations were classified as micro- (n = 236) or macroperforations (n = 106). Mean weighted preoperative BCVA was 1.11 ± 0.36 logMAR and 1.13 ± 0.52 logMAR in perforation and nonperforation groups, respectively (p=0.53), improving to 0.35 ± 0.37 logMAR and 0.39 ± 0.07 logMAR at 12 months postoperatively (p=0.02). Graft rejection rates were 1.25% and 1.6% in the perforated and nonperforated groups, respectively, and primary graft failure rates were 4% and 3.74%, respectively. The mean postoperative ECD was 1662.41 ± 319.16 cells/mm² in the perforation group. Amongst those cases with DM perforation, double anterior chamber requiring rebubbling occurred in 22.4% of cases, and conversion to PK was 4.23%. Conclusion: DALK can achieve comparable long-term outcomes in the presence of DM perforation. Micro- and some macroperforations can often be managed without conversion to PK, with good long-term outcomes.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of using ChatGPT-4, a large language model (LLM), to develop a customized nomogram calculator for small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery based on institution-specific data, without requiring any coding expertise. Customized nomograms are essential due to variations in surgical practices, patient populations, and diagnostic equipment across vision correction centers. Methods: A retrospective analysis of consecutive patients was performed on data of 1268 eyes that underwent SMILE. Preoperative measurements and postoperative refractive errors at 6 months were collected and analyzed. The entire dataset was divided into a training set and validation set at a ratio of 3:1. After data anonymization, ChatGPT-4 was instructed to perform a linear regression analysis to predict postoperative refractive errors using preoperative data. Subsequently, we instructed ChatGPT-4 to generate HTML code for a webpage-based nomogram calculator that inputs preoperative data and calculates surgical parameters using the derived formulas. The results of the regression analysis performed using ChatGPT-4 were compared with those obtained using two conventional statistical software programs, R and SPSS. Results: ChatGPT-4 successfully performed SMILE nomogram regression analysis. The predicted SMILE parameters were not significantly different from those obtained using the statistical software. The nomogram showed a higher predictive ability for postoperative refractive error than the simple empirical nomogram (p < 0.001). We successfully created a webpage-based calculator using ChatGPT-4 through multiple prompt instructions without coding. Conclusion: ChatGPT-4 not only provides a statistical model for SMILE nomograms but also creates a calculator for user convenience. Clinicians can easily build their own nomogram calculators using only the collected data without coding. The advanced LLM will allow clinicians to conveniently create customized nomogram tools.