With the development of material technology, non-metallic materials are applied to pressure pipes in petrochemical plant. Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) is widely used because high mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. The non-metallic pipeline has been running for more than 20 years in petrochemical plant of China. Due to the fiber material anisotropy, it is difficult to measure thickness and detect defect by conventional ultrasonic method in FRP inspection. According to Chinese pressure pipeline inspection laws and regulations, the main inspection methods are macroscopic examination and hydraulic pressure test. The inspection of non-metallic pipelines has not been specified in detail. Compared with traditional radiographic detection, digital radiographic detection has better contrast and image processing technology, so digital radiographic detection has more advantages in thickness measurement and corrosion detection. Elbows are most prone to corrosion defects due to fluid erosion. In this paper, fiber reinforced plastic pipe is detected by digital radiographic technology. In digital radiographic detection, appropriate parameters and accurate measurement are proposed. The accurate wall thickness of the pipe is obtained and the internal defects are detected. By comparing the measurement results with the actual wall thickness, the measurement accuracy of digital radiographic detection could meet the requirement of ultrasonic thickness gauge in NB/T47013.3. Digital radiographic technology is strongly recommended for FRP pipeline periodic inspection.
{"title":"Research on Digital Radiographic Inspection of In-Service Fiber Reinforced Plastic Pipe","authors":"Shu H. Liu, Ju Ding, J. F. Zhang","doi":"10.1115/pvp2020-21092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21092","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 With the development of material technology, non-metallic materials are applied to pressure pipes in petrochemical plant. Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) is widely used because high mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. The non-metallic pipeline has been running for more than 20 years in petrochemical plant of China. Due to the fiber material anisotropy, it is difficult to measure thickness and detect defect by conventional ultrasonic method in FRP inspection. According to Chinese pressure pipeline inspection laws and regulations, the main inspection methods are macroscopic examination and hydraulic pressure test. The inspection of non-metallic pipelines has not been specified in detail. Compared with traditional radiographic detection, digital radiographic detection has better contrast and image processing technology, so digital radiographic detection has more advantages in thickness measurement and corrosion detection.\u0000 Elbows are most prone to corrosion defects due to fluid erosion. In this paper, fiber reinforced plastic pipe is detected by digital radiographic technology. In digital radiographic detection, appropriate parameters and accurate measurement are proposed. The accurate wall thickness of the pipe is obtained and the internal defects are detected. By comparing the measurement results with the actual wall thickness, the measurement accuracy of digital radiographic detection could meet the requirement of ultrasonic thickness gauge in NB/T47013.3. Digital radiographic technology is strongly recommended for FRP pipeline periodic inspection.","PeriodicalId":166937,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Non-Destructive Examination","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130878080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is difficult to guarantee the welding quality of inserted fillet welds because of its special geometry and complicated stress condition. For the low detection efficiency of the conventional ultrasonic testing method, the false detection and the missed detection of the flaws occur frequently. For the above reasons, a new testing method is presented in this paper which based on the common structure characteristics of inserted fillet welds. The key point of this new method is to put the flexible phased array on the internal surface of the tube during the detection. The beam focusing model of flexible phased array is theoretically analyzed. The simulation on the acoustic field and defect response with CIVA software are completed to determine the phased array parameters, including array elements, array element size, deflection angle, ultrasonic frequency and so on. Then, a special ultrasonic detection system is designed and fabricated for testing the inserted fillet welds. In addition, the specimen of the inserted fillet welds with artificial flaws is manufactured and experiment research is carried out. Finally, the quality detection of actual product is successfully implemented. The results indicate that this technique can effectively detect the typical flaws such as crack, slag, porosity, etc.
{"title":"Research on Flexible Phased Array Technique for Testing the Inserted Fillet Welds","authors":"Qian Shengjie, Hu Chen, Sheng Xu, Dingyue Chen","doi":"10.1115/pvp2020-21071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21071","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 It is difficult to guarantee the welding quality of inserted fillet welds because of its special geometry and complicated stress condition. For the low detection efficiency of the conventional ultrasonic testing method, the false detection and the missed detection of the flaws occur frequently. For the above reasons, a new testing method is presented in this paper which based on the common structure characteristics of inserted fillet welds. The key point of this new method is to put the flexible phased array on the internal surface of the tube during the detection. The beam focusing model of flexible phased array is theoretically analyzed. The simulation on the acoustic field and defect response with CIVA software are completed to determine the phased array parameters, including array elements, array element size, deflection angle, ultrasonic frequency and so on. Then, a special ultrasonic detection system is designed and fabricated for testing the inserted fillet welds. In addition, the specimen of the inserted fillet welds with artificial flaws is manufactured and experiment research is carried out. Finally, the quality detection of actual product is successfully implemented. The results indicate that this technique can effectively detect the typical flaws such as crack, slag, porosity, etc.","PeriodicalId":166937,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Non-Destructive Examination","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116780969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Steel layered high-pressure hydrogen vessel is one of different kinds of high-pressure vessel, which is invented in China and is widely equipped in hydrogen refueling stations for its good safety and storage functions. Many of these vessels are put into application these years, and it is nearly the time for these vessels to go through periodic inspection. However, there is no such a method for the periodic inspection especially on the butt weld connecting the double-layer head and the interface forging. To conquer the difficulties about the periodic inspection, a set of periodic inspection methods was first proposed in a lasted released Chinese group standard, in which the inner ultrasonic phased array is considered to be the most complicated detecting approach. To establish effective inspection parameters, simulations and experiments were conducted on the factors, including coupling, elements and aperture, focal law, scanning approaches and ultrasound field. Standard test block and contrast test block were designed and machined and tested, then a series of feasible parameters were determined. Thus, specific probe, wedge and instrument were manufactured, and the inspection on the actual vessel product was carried out. The results showed that the proposed ultrasonic method and its inspection parameters could meet the periodic inspection well. Finally, the periodic inspection methods were established and issued as a standard.
{"title":"Research on the Inspection Parameters of Ultrasonic Phased Array for the Periodic Inspection of High-Pressure Hydrogen Vessel","authors":"Miao Cunjian, Weican Guo, Z. Ling, Yangji Tao, Ting Yu, Tang Ping","doi":"10.1115/pvp2020-21246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21246","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Steel layered high-pressure hydrogen vessel is one of different kinds of high-pressure vessel, which is invented in China and is widely equipped in hydrogen refueling stations for its good safety and storage functions. Many of these vessels are put into application these years, and it is nearly the time for these vessels to go through periodic inspection. However, there is no such a method for the periodic inspection especially on the butt weld connecting the double-layer head and the interface forging. To conquer the difficulties about the periodic inspection, a set of periodic inspection methods was first proposed in a lasted released Chinese group standard, in which the inner ultrasonic phased array is considered to be the most complicated detecting approach. To establish effective inspection parameters, simulations and experiments were conducted on the factors, including coupling, elements and aperture, focal law, scanning approaches and ultrasound field. Standard test block and contrast test block were designed and machined and tested, then a series of feasible parameters were determined. Thus, specific probe, wedge and instrument were manufactured, and the inspection on the actual vessel product was carried out. The results showed that the proposed ultrasonic method and its inspection parameters could meet the periodic inspection well. Finally, the periodic inspection methods were established and issued as a standard.","PeriodicalId":166937,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Non-Destructive Examination","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115479004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this paper is to describe the inspection process and examine a piping elbow found to have metal loss within the context of Asset Integrity Management (AIM). During the last five years, Industry 4.0 technology involving mobile tablet and cloud technology has merged with the proven concepts of AIM enterprise systems. Before this shift, inspectors, engineers, and managers relied on unreliable and time-consuming methods. New technologies allow inspectors and mangers to think, react, and communicate quickly and proactively when integrity threats are discovered. A piping elbow was identified at a thickness monitoring location (TML) within a larger system due to existing internal corrosion and/or erosion. Since the metal loss is internal, an external visual examination was not sufficient to monitor the metal loss. External ultrasonic (UT) inspection was used to measure the thickness at multiple points on a grid pattern drawn on the elbow’s external surface. The thickness measurements provide the data needed for a local metal loss assessment. An AIM program was used to assess the risks, aid in inspection, and develop an assessment for ascertaining the degradation pattern. With a heightened understanding of the asset’s degradation pattern, the risk to the asset is reassessed continuously until it has been reduced to an acceptable level as defined by the stake holders.
{"title":"Asset Integrity Management and Fitness-for-Service Assessment of a Pipe Elbow With Metal Loss","authors":"G. Thorwald, Devon Brendecke, S. Webb","doi":"10.1115/pvp2020-21581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21581","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The objective of this paper is to describe the inspection process and examine a piping elbow found to have metal loss within the context of Asset Integrity Management (AIM). During the last five years, Industry 4.0 technology involving mobile tablet and cloud technology has merged with the proven concepts of AIM enterprise systems. Before this shift, inspectors, engineers, and managers relied on unreliable and time-consuming methods. New technologies allow inspectors and mangers to think, react, and communicate quickly and proactively when integrity threats are discovered.\u0000 A piping elbow was identified at a thickness monitoring location (TML) within a larger system due to existing internal corrosion and/or erosion. Since the metal loss is internal, an external visual examination was not sufficient to monitor the metal loss. External ultrasonic (UT) inspection was used to measure the thickness at multiple points on a grid pattern drawn on the elbow’s external surface. The thickness measurements provide the data needed for a local metal loss assessment.\u0000 An AIM program was used to assess the risks, aid in inspection, and develop an assessment for ascertaining the degradation pattern. With a heightened understanding of the asset’s degradation pattern, the risk to the asset is reassessed continuously until it has been reduced to an acceptable level as defined by the stake holders.","PeriodicalId":166937,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Non-Destructive Examination","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116537053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Chai, Sanjiang Liu, Liang Huang, Yunxi Jiang, J. Bi, Xiang Li
Tube trailers assembled with large capacity hoop-wrapped composite cylinder of steel liner (i.e., large capacity type 2 tube (LCT2T)) have shown an increasing trend in China. It is an urgent issue to detect nondestructively the defects of cuts, scratches and voids on the composite overwrap, and corrosion, cracks or other defects on the steel liner during their use and manufacturing processes. In this paper, the double-wall single-image technique of X-ray digital radiography (DR) method was studied for the typical defects on the LCT2T by making specimens of cracks and pitting corrosion on the steel liner, as well as cuts, scratches and void defects on the composite overwrap. The optimal penetration parameter was selected based on the identification of image quality indicators (IQI), and the detection sensitivity of the DR method for the typical defects on the LCT2T was obtained. The results showed that the above-mentioned artificial defects were effectively detected with double-wall single-image technique, and this technique had a higher detection sensitivity to longitudinal defects on the composite overwrap of the LCT2T than that to circumferential defects, as well as the detection sensitivity of steel liner defects was higher than that of composite overwrap defects.
{"title":"Experimental Studies of Typical Defects on Large Capacity Hoop-Wrapped Composite Cylinder of Steel Liner Based on X-Ray Digital Radiography Test","authors":"S. Chai, Sanjiang Liu, Liang Huang, Yunxi Jiang, J. Bi, Xiang Li","doi":"10.1115/pvp2020-21117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21117","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Tube trailers assembled with large capacity hoop-wrapped composite cylinder of steel liner (i.e., large capacity type 2 tube (LCT2T)) have shown an increasing trend in China. It is an urgent issue to detect nondestructively the defects of cuts, scratches and voids on the composite overwrap, and corrosion, cracks or other defects on the steel liner during their use and manufacturing processes. In this paper, the double-wall single-image technique of X-ray digital radiography (DR) method was studied for the typical defects on the LCT2T by making specimens of cracks and pitting corrosion on the steel liner, as well as cuts, scratches and void defects on the composite overwrap. The optimal penetration parameter was selected based on the identification of image quality indicators (IQI), and the detection sensitivity of the DR method for the typical defects on the LCT2T was obtained. The results showed that the above-mentioned artificial defects were effectively detected with double-wall single-image technique, and this technique had a higher detection sensitivity to longitudinal defects on the composite overwrap of the LCT2T than that to circumferential defects, as well as the detection sensitivity of steel liner defects was higher than that of composite overwrap defects.","PeriodicalId":166937,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Non-Destructive Examination","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123987543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In special public pipelines, High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) had been widely applied, making integrity and safety priority. In the periodic inspection of pressure vessel and pressure pipeline, the safety level shall be determined by the defect geometric size. Therefore, it is necessary to get the defect size data as accurately as possible. Digital radiography inspection is a feasible method for detecting butt fusion welds. Defect size can be measured accurately by digital radiographic image. Due to factors such as damage to human body caused by ray, it is difficult to detect HDPE pipelines in some occasions in field. Ultrasonic phased array testing has high accuracy in flaw inspection, high efficiency and little artificial criteria error. But conventional phased array has difficulties in detecting butt fusion welds due to acoustic attenuation and noise affection. In this paper, PE butt fusion welding is inspected by immersion phased array. The absolute time-of-flight method is used to measure the defect size, and the accuracy is qualified with the requirements of the butt fusion welding inspection. For more important, inspector does not need to move equipment probe, avoiding artificial errors and improving the efficiency.
{"title":"Research on the Measurement Accuracy of Ultrasonic Phased Array Time-of-Flight Method","authors":"Shu H. Liu, Ju Ding, Jie-lu Wang","doi":"10.1115/pvp2020-21105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21105","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In special public pipelines, High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) had been widely applied, making integrity and safety priority. In the periodic inspection of pressure vessel and pressure pipeline, the safety level shall be determined by the defect geometric size. Therefore, it is necessary to get the defect size data as accurately as possible.\u0000 Digital radiography inspection is a feasible method for detecting butt fusion welds. Defect size can be measured accurately by digital radiographic image. Due to factors such as damage to human body caused by ray, it is difficult to detect HDPE pipelines in some occasions in field. Ultrasonic phased array testing has high accuracy in flaw inspection, high efficiency and little artificial criteria error. But conventional phased array has difficulties in detecting butt fusion welds due to acoustic attenuation and noise affection.\u0000 In this paper, PE butt fusion welding is inspected by immersion phased array. The absolute time-of-flight method is used to measure the defect size, and the accuracy is qualified with the requirements of the butt fusion welding inspection. For more important, inspector does not need to move equipment probe, avoiding artificial errors and improving the efficiency.","PeriodicalId":166937,"journal":{"name":"Volume 7: Non-Destructive Examination","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131888195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：