Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0976500X221082839
C. M., Mallikarjun Kappi, K. Ahmed
The current research has been conducted to study the ethnopharmacology research output in the past 10 years (2011–2020) after using Web of Science (WoS) database. The present study has used WoS database to collect the ethnopharmacology research output for the specific period. The retrieved data were analyzed using specific parameters. This study investigates the impact of the most productive institutes, countries, authors, subjects, sources, and keywords. For visualizing purposes, VOSviewer has been used. We retrieved 7,159 papers from WoS, consisting of 84.24% journal articles and 14.23% review articles. The data analysis indicates that consistent growth with increasing multiauthorship is a general trend of research. The Council of Scientific Industrial Research (CSIR) India collaborates with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and Central Institute of Medicinal Aromatic Plants (CIMAP) in terms of domestic collaboration.
{"title":"Ethnopharmacology Research: A Scientometric Assessment of Indian Publications During 2011 to 2020","authors":"C. M., Mallikarjun Kappi, K. Ahmed","doi":"10.1177/0976500X221082839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500X221082839","url":null,"abstract":"The current research has been conducted to study the ethnopharmacology research output in the past 10 years (2011–2020) after using Web of Science (WoS) database. The present study has used WoS database to collect the ethnopharmacology research output for the specific period. The retrieved data were analyzed using specific parameters. This study investigates the impact of the most productive institutes, countries, authors, subjects, sources, and keywords. For visualizing purposes, VOSviewer has been used. We retrieved 7,159 papers from WoS, consisting of 84.24% journal articles and 14.23% review articles. The data analysis indicates that consistent growth with increasing multiauthorship is a general trend of research. The Council of Scientific Industrial Research (CSIR) India collaborates with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and Central Institute of Medicinal Aromatic Plants (CIMAP) in terms of domestic collaboration.","PeriodicalId":16761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47419816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0976500X221085803
Shilpa Kore, Smita Bhau Ubhe, Fathima Fasil
Objective: To compare the effects of dexamethasone and fentanyl when added to a mixture of bupivacaine and lignocaine in supraclavicular blocks in patients undergoing forearm surgeries. Methods: Sixty-six patients aged between 20 to 60 years old belonging to ASA one or two were recruited prospectively, double-blinded, and randomized way. Supraclavicular block under sonographic guidance was performed in the three groups by using injection bupivacaine (0.5%) 20 cc + injection lignocaine (2%) 10 cc + injection 0.9% normal saline; 2ml (Group S), injection bupivacaine (0.5%) 20 cc + injection lignocaine (2%) 10 cc + injection dexamethasone 8 mg (Group D), and injection bupivacaine (0.5%) 20 cc + injection lignocaine (2%) 10 cc + injection fentanyl 50 µgm (Group F). The onset time of sensory and motor block, duration of sensory and motor block, and hemodynamic variables were recorded. Results: Group D showed a significantly greater sensory and motor block duration than other groups (P = 0.001). Comparison of hemodynamic variables failed to reveal any statistically significant differences between all the groups. Conclusion: Both dexamethasone and fentanyl are good adjuvants in the supraclavicular block, but dexamethasone is better, given faster onset and duration of analgesia.
目的:比较地塞米松和芬太尼与布比卡因和利多卡因混合治疗前臂手术患者锁骨上阻滞的效果。方法:前瞻性、双盲、随机法招募66例年龄在20 ~ 60岁，属于ASA 1级或2级的患者。三组在超声引导下行锁骨上阻滞:注射布比卡因(0.5%)20 cc +注射利多卡因(2%)10 cc +注射0.9%生理盐水;2ml (S组)，注射布比卡因(0.5%)20 cc +注射利多卡因(2%)10 cc +注射地塞米松8 mg (D组)，注射布比卡因(0.5%)20 cc +注射利多卡因(2%)10 cc +注射芬太尼50µgm (F组)。记录感觉和运动阻滞发生时间、感觉和运动阻滞持续时间及血流动力学指标。结果:D组感觉和运动阻滞持续时间明显长于其他组(P = 0.001)。血流动力学变量的比较没有显示各组之间有统计学上的显著差异。结论:地塞米松和芬太尼都是锁骨上阻滞的良好佐剂，但地塞米松效果更好，起效更快，镇痛时间更长。
{"title":"Comparison Between Dexamethasone and Fentanyl as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine and Lignocaine in Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block for Upper Limb Surgery","authors":"Shilpa Kore, Smita Bhau Ubhe, Fathima Fasil","doi":"10.1177/0976500X221085803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500X221085803","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the effects of dexamethasone and fentanyl when added to a mixture of bupivacaine and lignocaine in supraclavicular blocks in patients undergoing forearm surgeries. Methods: Sixty-six patients aged between 20 to 60 years old belonging to ASA one or two were recruited prospectively, double-blinded, and randomized way. Supraclavicular block under sonographic guidance was performed in the three groups by using injection bupivacaine (0.5%) 20 cc + injection lignocaine (2%) 10 cc + injection 0.9% normal saline; 2ml (Group S), injection bupivacaine (0.5%) 20 cc + injection lignocaine (2%) 10 cc + injection dexamethasone 8 mg (Group D), and injection bupivacaine (0.5%) 20 cc + injection lignocaine (2%) 10 cc + injection fentanyl 50 µgm (Group F). The onset time of sensory and motor block, duration of sensory and motor block, and hemodynamic variables were recorded. Results: Group D showed a significantly greater sensory and motor block duration than other groups (P = 0.001). Comparison of hemodynamic variables failed to reveal any statistically significant differences between all the groups. Conclusion: Both dexamethasone and fentanyl are good adjuvants in the supraclavicular block, but dexamethasone is better, given faster onset and duration of analgesia.","PeriodicalId":16761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48123468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0976500x221080370
P. Jha, S. Ambwani, Surjit Singh, P. Bhardwaj, Shobhan Babu Varthya, J. Charan
Corresponding author: Jaykaran Charan, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India. E-mail: dr.jaykaran78@gmail.com World Health Organization (WHO) defines essential drugs or medicines as “those drugs that satisfy the healthcare needs of majority of the population; they should therefore be available at all times in adequate amounts and in appropriate dosage forms, at a price the community can afford.”1 Since 1975, the WHO has taken over its role on the essential drugs, which was initially a mere concept to a well-established policy.2 In the year 1977, the WHO decided to make this concept more concrete, and thus prepared and published a model list of essential drugs which had around 200 drugs including the vaccines.3 The WHO model of the essential medicine list (EML) thus came into force in 1977 and is being updated every two years since then.4 The current version of the list is in its 21st edition, and the essential medicine list for children is in its seventh edition which was last updated in the month of June in the year 2019.5 In the case of India, the first EML was published in 1996.3 The latest list was published in 2015 with 376 drugs.6 Many states also have their respective EML. Rajasthan is one among the many states having their EML. The current EML for the state of Rajasthan was published in the year 2019 which comprises 608 drugs.7 Looking at the importance of EML for patient care, it is important to ascertain that these drugs are available easily at community pharmacies at affordable cost. As per the various previous published studies, many drugs from EML are not available in community and hospital pharmacies.8–11 A study done by Rathish et al.8 in a rural Sri Lankan district found out that there was a discrepancy in the availability of essential medicines among the base hospitals and central dispensary. It was also noted that the availability of drugs for different clinical conditions also varied considerably.8 Another study done by Chandani et al.9 in Ethiopia, Malawi, and Rwanda stated that the availability of drugs was much fragile in different countries.9 Tripathi et al.10 conducted a study in the state of Chhattisgarh, India, and found out that about 58% of the prescribed medicines were found to be available, and by improving certain factors like the state financial resources, supply chain, and encouraging physicians in prescribing these drugs would certainly lead to the improvement in their overall availability.10 The drugs from the EML should not only be easily available but also be obtainable at an affordable price. A study was done by Faruqui et al.11 in New Delhi, India, on the availability of drugs for chronic illnesses found out that the mean availability did not meet the 80% criteria as proposed by the WHO over all facilities.11 It is very clear that there is an unavailability of robust data related to the availability of different medicines from the EML. This data
{"title":"Availability of the Essential Medicines is Community Pharmacies: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"P. Jha, S. Ambwani, Surjit Singh, P. Bhardwaj, Shobhan Babu Varthya, J. Charan","doi":"10.1177/0976500x221080370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500x221080370","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding author: Jaykaran Charan, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342005, India. E-mail: dr.jaykaran78@gmail.com World Health Organization (WHO) defines essential drugs or medicines as “those drugs that satisfy the healthcare needs of majority of the population; they should therefore be available at all times in adequate amounts and in appropriate dosage forms, at a price the community can afford.”1 Since 1975, the WHO has taken over its role on the essential drugs, which was initially a mere concept to a well-established policy.2 In the year 1977, the WHO decided to make this concept more concrete, and thus prepared and published a model list of essential drugs which had around 200 drugs including the vaccines.3 The WHO model of the essential medicine list (EML) thus came into force in 1977 and is being updated every two years since then.4 The current version of the list is in its 21st edition, and the essential medicine list for children is in its seventh edition which was last updated in the month of June in the year 2019.5 In the case of India, the first EML was published in 1996.3 The latest list was published in 2015 with 376 drugs.6 Many states also have their respective EML. Rajasthan is one among the many states having their EML. The current EML for the state of Rajasthan was published in the year 2019 which comprises 608 drugs.7 Looking at the importance of EML for patient care, it is important to ascertain that these drugs are available easily at community pharmacies at affordable cost. As per the various previous published studies, many drugs from EML are not available in community and hospital pharmacies.8–11 A study done by Rathish et al.8 in a rural Sri Lankan district found out that there was a discrepancy in the availability of essential medicines among the base hospitals and central dispensary. It was also noted that the availability of drugs for different clinical conditions also varied considerably.8 Another study done by Chandani et al.9 in Ethiopia, Malawi, and Rwanda stated that the availability of drugs was much fragile in different countries.9 Tripathi et al.10 conducted a study in the state of Chhattisgarh, India, and found out that about 58% of the prescribed medicines were found to be available, and by improving certain factors like the state financial resources, supply chain, and encouraging physicians in prescribing these drugs would certainly lead to the improvement in their overall availability.10 The drugs from the EML should not only be easily available but also be obtainable at an affordable price. A study was done by Faruqui et al.11 in New Delhi, India, on the availability of drugs for chronic illnesses found out that the mean availability did not meet the 80% criteria as proposed by the WHO over all facilities.11 It is very clear that there is an unavailability of robust data related to the availability of different medicines from the EML. This data","PeriodicalId":16761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45089569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0976500X221080309
K. Geetha, Puja
Hypoglycemic drugs in the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class are used as a second-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus. With DPP-4 inhibitors, there have been a few reports of cutaneous side effects such as bullous response, fixed drug eruption, and photosensitivity. There is no definitive pathophysiology for the above mentioned allergic reactions. Sitagliptin phosphate belongs to the DPP-4 inhibitor class. This is a case report of a sitagliptin-induced bullous drug reaction manifesting three weeks after starting therapy. He had bullous pemphigoid-like eruptions all over the body. The patient showed improvement once sitagliptin was discontinued alon with oral and topical steroid treatment.
{"title":"Bullous Drug Reaction with Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors","authors":"K. Geetha, Puja","doi":"10.1177/0976500X221080309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500X221080309","url":null,"abstract":"Hypoglycemic drugs in the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class are used as a second-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus. With DPP-4 inhibitors, there have been a few reports of cutaneous side effects such as bullous response, fixed drug eruption, and photosensitivity. There is no definitive pathophysiology for the above mentioned allergic reactions. Sitagliptin phosphate belongs to the DPP-4 inhibitor class. This is a case report of a sitagliptin-induced bullous drug reaction manifesting three weeks after starting therapy. He had bullous pemphigoid-like eruptions all over the body. The patient showed improvement once sitagliptin was discontinued alon with oral and topical steroid treatment.","PeriodicalId":16761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49301500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0976500X221080378
Nayesha Mahwish, L. Bairy, S. Srinivasamurthy
Antivitamins are compounds that negate the biological effects of vitamins. They have been successfully exploited for the development of various classes of drugs. In the early 19th century, the antifolate prontosil was developed for the treatment of puerperal fever. Since then, numerous other antifolates have been used to treat a wide range of infections. Antifolates, such as methotrexate, are potent anticancer agents and antivitamin K, such as warfarin, are used as anticoagulants. Despite several years of research, most antivitamin-based drugs are limited to vitamin K and B9, and the development of antagonists for other vitamins is still in the nascent stage. In the era of antimicrobial resistance, antivitamins can be considered as a promising alternative to develop newer antimicrobials and are worth exploring further. This review discusses key antivitamins at different stages of development which have potential utility as antibiotic drug candidates. The summary of studies of antivitamins in clinical development is also narrated.
{"title":"Antivitamins: A Silver Lining in the Era of Antimicrobial Resistance","authors":"Nayesha Mahwish, L. Bairy, S. Srinivasamurthy","doi":"10.1177/0976500X221080378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500X221080378","url":null,"abstract":"Antivitamins are compounds that negate the biological effects of vitamins. They have been successfully exploited for the development of various classes of drugs. In the early 19th century, the antifolate prontosil was developed for the treatment of puerperal fever. Since then, numerous other antifolates have been used to treat a wide range of infections. Antifolates, such as methotrexate, are potent anticancer agents and antivitamin K, such as warfarin, are used as anticoagulants. Despite several years of research, most antivitamin-based drugs are limited to vitamin K and B9, and the development of antagonists for other vitamins is still in the nascent stage. In the era of antimicrobial resistance, antivitamins can be considered as a promising alternative to develop newer antimicrobials and are worth exploring further. This review discusses key antivitamins at different stages of development which have potential utility as antibiotic drug candidates. The summary of studies of antivitamins in clinical development is also narrated.","PeriodicalId":16761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48376972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0976500X221080291
E. Pasangha, B. George, K. Bhuvana, D. Padmini
Objective: To assess the patterns and predictors of pharmacotherapy and QOL in DFS patients in an Indian tertiary care hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among inpatients with DFS. Data on sociodemographic and clinical factors, pharmacotherapy, clinical outcomes, and QOL were analyzed using the chi-squared test, independent sample t-test, and binary logistic regression. Results: We screened 3284 inpatients and included consecutive 87 (2.7%) DFS patients. The mean age was 56.08 ± 11.05 years, with a male preponderance (75.8%). Mean HbA1c was 9.9 ± 2.483. About 75% of patients received insulin, and polypharmacy was noticed in 82.7%. About 67.8% of DFS patients had other vascular complications of diabetes, with diabetic retinopathy being the most common in 89%. Amputations were noticed in 32.1% of patients. Overall, poor QOL was seen in 79.3% of patients. The mean scores for different domains were as follows: physical, 41.51 ± 14.15; psychological, 42.90 ± 11.16; social relationships, 43.06 ± 19.36; and environment, 47.17 ± 13. The presence of complications from diabetes was a significant predictor of the utilization of antihypertensives (OR: 2.92, CI [1.09, 7.79], P = 0.03) and poor QOL (OR: 4.54, CI [0.965, 21.41], P = 0.05). Conclusion: DFS patients in this study were found to be younger with poor glycemic control and other vascular complications of diabetes. The presence of other complications of diabetes in DFS patients was found to be a predictor of pharmacotherapy and poor QOL.
{"title":"Predictors of Pharmacotherapy and Quality of Life Among Patients With Diabetic Foot Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital in India","authors":"E. Pasangha, B. George, K. Bhuvana, D. Padmini","doi":"10.1177/0976500X221080291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500X221080291","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the patterns and predictors of pharmacotherapy and QOL in DFS patients in an Indian tertiary care hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among inpatients with DFS. Data on sociodemographic and clinical factors, pharmacotherapy, clinical outcomes, and QOL were analyzed using the chi-squared test, independent sample t-test, and binary logistic regression. Results: We screened 3284 inpatients and included consecutive 87 (2.7%) DFS patients. The mean age was 56.08 ± 11.05 years, with a male preponderance (75.8%). Mean HbA1c was 9.9 ± 2.483. About 75% of patients received insulin, and polypharmacy was noticed in 82.7%. About 67.8% of DFS patients had other vascular complications of diabetes, with diabetic retinopathy being the most common in 89%. Amputations were noticed in 32.1% of patients. Overall, poor QOL was seen in 79.3% of patients. The mean scores for different domains were as follows: physical, 41.51 ± 14.15; psychological, 42.90 ± 11.16; social relationships, 43.06 ± 19.36; and environment, 47.17 ± 13. The presence of complications from diabetes was a significant predictor of the utilization of antihypertensives (OR: 2.92, CI [1.09, 7.79], P = 0.03) and poor QOL (OR: 4.54, CI [0.965, 21.41], P = 0.05). Conclusion: DFS patients in this study were found to be younger with poor glycemic control and other vascular complications of diabetes. The presence of other complications of diabetes in DFS patients was found to be a predictor of pharmacotherapy and poor QOL.","PeriodicalId":16761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46805350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0976500X221080390
Fathima Fasil, Girish Saundattikar, Reema Hemant Jawale, Naveen Kumar J.
Objective: To observe the hemodynamic effects of a single bolus dose of dexmedetomidine in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgeries. Methods: A total of 60 adult patients were randomized into two groups of 30 each. Group D patients were given 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine in 50 mL of saline as a single-dose infusion over 10 min before induction. Group S patients were given a 50-mL 0.9% NS slow infusion over 10 min. Groups D and S patients were premedicated 10 min prior to surgery. Baseline vital and hemodynamic parameters were monitored during the perioperative period. Conclusion: Premedicating with a single bolus of 1 µg/kg IV dexmedetomidine has been proven safe and effective in maintaining perioperative hemodynamic stability, although few developed bradycardia and hypotension, which were managed without any adverse outcome. Furthermore, dexmedetomidine effectively reduced the incidence of shivering.
目的:观察单次注射右美托咪定对择期腹腔镜手术患者血流动力学的影响。方法:将60例成人患者随机分为两组，每组30例。D组患者在诱导前10 min给予右美托咪定1µg/kg加入生理盐水50 mL中单次输注。S组患者给予50 ml 0.9% NS慢速输注10 min。D组和S组患者在手术前10 min预先给药。围手术期监测基线生命和血流动力学参数。结论:单次静脉滴注1 μ g/kg右美托咪定可安全有效地维持围手术期血流动力学稳定性，但很少出现心动过缓和低血压，且均未出现不良反应。此外，右美托咪定有效地减少了寒战的发生率。
{"title":"Study of Hemodynamic Effects of Preoperative Single-Bolus Dexmedetomidine in Elective Laparoscopic Surgeries","authors":"Fathima Fasil, Girish Saundattikar, Reema Hemant Jawale, Naveen Kumar J.","doi":"10.1177/0976500X221080390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500X221080390","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To observe the hemodynamic effects of a single bolus dose of dexmedetomidine in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgeries. Methods: A total of 60 adult patients were randomized into two groups of 30 each. Group D patients were given 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine in 50 mL of saline as a single-dose infusion over 10 min before induction. Group S patients were given a 50-mL 0.9% NS slow infusion over 10 min. Groups D and S patients were premedicated 10 min prior to surgery. Baseline vital and hemodynamic parameters were monitored during the perioperative period. Conclusion: Premedicating with a single bolus of 1 µg/kg IV dexmedetomidine has been proven safe and effective in maintaining perioperative hemodynamic stability, although few developed bradycardia and hypotension, which were managed without any adverse outcome. Furthermore, dexmedetomidine effectively reduced the incidence of shivering.","PeriodicalId":16761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44303933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0976500X221080380
K. Saroj, Bansal Haresh, Paharia Yogendra
Objective: To study the safety and efficacy of low-dose etoricoxib and low-dose paracetamol versus ibuprofen and low-dose paracetamol treatments in patients who experienced acute pain after tooth extraction. Methods: A total of 80 patients were recruited and randomized to two study groups, i.e., EP and IP. Group EP received etoricoxib 30 mg once a day and add-on paracetamol 325 mg eight-hourly, and Group IP received ibuprofen 400 mg and paracetamol 325 mg eight-hourly for three days. The analgesic efficacy was assessed by a visual analog scale, pain relief score, and global evaluation score. Patients were assessed at 0, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h. Safety was assessed by the patient’s estimation of the severity of adverse drug reactions using a 3-point scale and the type of adverse drug reactions reported by the patients after 72 h. Results: Mean pain intensity reduction, mean pain relief score, and global evaluation score all showed better analgesic efficacy results in Group EP as compared to Group IP but were not significant (P > 0.05) at 6, 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. No patient had reported any serious adverse drug reaction in both the groups. Mild to moderate adverse reactions were reported in 20% cases in the IP group and 10% cases in the EP group; however, the incidence of GIT intolerance was seen in 17.5% of the cases in the IP group and none in the EP group. Conclusion: Low-dose etoricoxib with low-dose paracetamol has comparable analgesic efficacy with better safety than therapeutic dose ibuprofen and low-dose paracetamol.
{"title":"A Randomized Double-Blind Comparative Study of Efficacy and Safety Between Low-Dose Etoricoxib and Ibuprofen Coadministered with Low-Dose Paracetamol for Dental Pain","authors":"K. Saroj, Bansal Haresh, Paharia Yogendra","doi":"10.1177/0976500X221080380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500X221080380","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To study the safety and efficacy of low-dose etoricoxib and low-dose paracetamol versus ibuprofen and low-dose paracetamol treatments in patients who experienced acute pain after tooth extraction. Methods: A total of 80 patients were recruited and randomized to two study groups, i.e., EP and IP. Group EP received etoricoxib 30 mg once a day and add-on paracetamol 325 mg eight-hourly, and Group IP received ibuprofen 400 mg and paracetamol 325 mg eight-hourly for three days. The analgesic efficacy was assessed by a visual analog scale, pain relief score, and global evaluation score. Patients were assessed at 0, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h. Safety was assessed by the patient’s estimation of the severity of adverse drug reactions using a 3-point scale and the type of adverse drug reactions reported by the patients after 72 h. Results: Mean pain intensity reduction, mean pain relief score, and global evaluation score all showed better analgesic efficacy results in Group EP as compared to Group IP but were not significant (P > 0.05) at 6, 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. No patient had reported any serious adverse drug reaction in both the groups. Mild to moderate adverse reactions were reported in 20% cases in the IP group and 10% cases in the EP group; however, the incidence of GIT intolerance was seen in 17.5% of the cases in the IP group and none in the EP group. Conclusion: Low-dose etoricoxib with low-dose paracetamol has comparable analgesic efficacy with better safety than therapeutic dose ibuprofen and low-dose paracetamol.","PeriodicalId":16761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42185960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0976500X221085802
Jiju Narayanan Avanipully, Dithu Thekkekkara, S. M., V. Parihar, S. Manjula
Parkinson’s disease (PD) mainly affects the dopaminergic neuronal networks of the substantia nigra, which leads to both motor and nonmotor symptoms of the disease. Based on the reports from the previous studies, 95% of the cases are presented along with olfactory dysfunction. The relevant publications from 2002 to 2021 were searched and shortlisted using PubMed and Google Scholar. In this review, we have discussed the correlation between olfactory dysfunction and PD. Olfactory damage presents earlier than the motor symptoms. Because there are no current methodologies for the early detection of PD, olfactory dysfunction can be used as a potential marker for the early detection of PD and hence paving the way for better therapeutic approaches.
{"title":"The Role of Olfactory System in the Etiogenesis of Parkinson’s Diseases: An Overview","authors":"Jiju Narayanan Avanipully, Dithu Thekkekkara, S. M., V. Parihar, S. Manjula","doi":"10.1177/0976500X221085802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500X221085802","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson’s disease (PD) mainly affects the dopaminergic neuronal networks of the substantia nigra, which leads to both motor and nonmotor symptoms of the disease. Based on the reports from the previous studies, 95% of the cases are presented along with olfactory dysfunction. The relevant publications from 2002 to 2021 were searched and shortlisted using PubMed and Google Scholar. In this review, we have discussed the correlation between olfactory dysfunction and PD. Olfactory damage presents earlier than the motor symptoms. Because there are no current methodologies for the early detection of PD, olfactory dysfunction can be used as a potential marker for the early detection of PD and hence paving the way for better therapeutic approaches.","PeriodicalId":16761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45514719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0976500X221080393
S. Grover, B. Gupta, K. Ahmed
Aim: This study aimed to assess the characteristics and trends of research on substance use and COVID-19. Methods: Keywords related to “Covid-19” and “Substance Use” were used in a search query formulated for the Scopus search engine. The articles published during the years 2020 and 2021, through early November 2021, were considered. Results: A total of 2184 publications were published on this topic, averaging 9.69 citations per paper. About one-seventh (13.96%) share of global publications was supported by extramural funding support. The maximum number of publications emerged from the United States of America (USA) (n = 831; 38.05%), followed by the United Kingdom (UK) (n = 212; 9.71%), India (n = 165; 7.55%), and Canada (155 papers; 7.10%). In terms of citation impact, publications emerging from China (24.42 and 2.52) had the highest citation impact, followed by publications emerging from Australia (18.83 and 1.94), France (16.48 and 1.70), the UK (15.44 and 1.59), Italy (13.36 and 1.38), and Canada (12.73 and 1.31). When the data in terms of specific institutes were evaluated, Harvard Medical School, USA (n = 52), was ranked first in productivity, followed by the University of Toronto, Canada (n = 47); the Yale School of Medicine, USA (n = 35); INSERM, France (n = −29); and the University of British Columbia, Canada (n = 2s). The University College London, UK (30.24 and 3.12), ranked first in citation impact, followed by INSERM, France (22.0 and 2.27); the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (17.4 and 1.8); and the University of Toronto, Canada (13.68 and 1.41). When the journals were evaluated, the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (n = 83) ranked first in publication productivity, followed by the Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment (n = 73), Frontiers in Psychology (n = 39), Drug and Alcohol Dependence (n = 28), and International Journal of Drug Policy (n = 26). Conclusion: This bibliometric study suggests that a large amount of literature has accumulated during the COVID-19 pandemic on substance use disorders, both from developed and developing countries.
{"title":"COVID-19 and Substance Use: A Scientometric Assessment of Global Publications During 2020 and 2021","authors":"S. Grover, B. Gupta, K. Ahmed","doi":"10.1177/0976500X221080393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500X221080393","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aimed to assess the characteristics and trends of research on substance use and COVID-19. Methods: Keywords related to “Covid-19” and “Substance Use” were used in a search query formulated for the Scopus search engine. The articles published during the years 2020 and 2021, through early November 2021, were considered. Results: A total of 2184 publications were published on this topic, averaging 9.69 citations per paper. About one-seventh (13.96%) share of global publications was supported by extramural funding support. The maximum number of publications emerged from the United States of America (USA) (n = 831; 38.05%), followed by the United Kingdom (UK) (n = 212; 9.71%), India (n = 165; 7.55%), and Canada (155 papers; 7.10%). In terms of citation impact, publications emerging from China (24.42 and 2.52) had the highest citation impact, followed by publications emerging from Australia (18.83 and 1.94), France (16.48 and 1.70), the UK (15.44 and 1.59), Italy (13.36 and 1.38), and Canada (12.73 and 1.31). When the data in terms of specific institutes were evaluated, Harvard Medical School, USA (n = 52), was ranked first in productivity, followed by the University of Toronto, Canada (n = 47); the Yale School of Medicine, USA (n = 35); INSERM, France (n = −29); and the University of British Columbia, Canada (n = 2s). The University College London, UK (30.24 and 3.12), ranked first in citation impact, followed by INSERM, France (22.0 and 2.27); the Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (17.4 and 1.8); and the University of Toronto, Canada (13.68 and 1.41). When the journals were evaluated, the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (n = 83) ranked first in publication productivity, followed by the Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment (n = 73), Frontiers in Psychology (n = 39), Drug and Alcohol Dependence (n = 28), and International Journal of Drug Policy (n = 26). Conclusion: This bibliometric study suggests that a large amount of literature has accumulated during the COVID-19 pandemic on substance use disorders, both from developed and developing countries.","PeriodicalId":16761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42044426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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