Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0976500X221080209
Haritha Tummala, Rachana Balusu, S. Thotakura, Achyuth Kumar Pasnoor, Arun Prasath Raju, S. Lal, L. Lewis, S. Mallayasamy
Objective: To develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for individualization of the dosing regimen considering the physiological requirements of these preterm neonates. Methods: The study comprised preterm newborns with fewer than 34 weeks of gestation and six apneic episodes in 24 h. A PBPK model was created using PK-SIM (version 9, update 1, GitHub, San Francisco, CA, USA). A PBPK model is built using a typical loading dosage of 5 mg/kg and a maintenance dose of 1.5 mg/kg. Based on the verified base model, a PBPK model representing renal underdevelopment based on nRIFLE/pRIFLE categorization was developed. Results: The PK parameters of Aminophylline were computed using the PBPK model. As per the model prediction, T1/2 and area under the curve reduced as postnatal age increased, and in the event of renal underdevelopment, even while C max for patients under R (RISK), I (injury) was within the therapeutic range; it was greater compared to preterm without any renal complications. Mean C max (mol/L) was 59.53 and for R, I, and F (FAILURE) categories the values were 83.04, 99.69, and 126.98, respectively. Conclusion: The model was created using appropriate drug, study subject, and dosage protocol inputs. The established PBPK model could help in individualizing aminophylline dose in preterm babies.
{"title":"Development of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model and Assessment of the Impact of Renal Underdevelopment in Preterm Infants on the Pharmacokinetics of Aminophylline","authors":"Haritha Tummala, Rachana Balusu, S. Thotakura, Achyuth Kumar Pasnoor, Arun Prasath Raju, S. Lal, L. Lewis, S. Mallayasamy","doi":"10.1177/0976500X221080209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500X221080209","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for individualization of the dosing regimen considering the physiological requirements of these preterm neonates. Methods: The study comprised preterm newborns with fewer than 34 weeks of gestation and six apneic episodes in 24 h. A PBPK model was created using PK-SIM (version 9, update 1, GitHub, San Francisco, CA, USA). A PBPK model is built using a typical loading dosage of 5 mg/kg and a maintenance dose of 1.5 mg/kg. Based on the verified base model, a PBPK model representing renal underdevelopment based on nRIFLE/pRIFLE categorization was developed. Results: The PK parameters of Aminophylline were computed using the PBPK model. As per the model prediction, T1/2 and area under the curve reduced as postnatal age increased, and in the event of renal underdevelopment, even while C max for patients under R (RISK), I (injury) was within the therapeutic range; it was greater compared to preterm without any renal complications. Mean C max (mol/L) was 59.53 and for R, I, and F (FAILURE) categories the values were 83.04, 99.69, and 126.98, respectively. Conclusion: The model was created using appropriate drug, study subject, and dosage protocol inputs. The established PBPK model could help in individualizing aminophylline dose in preterm babies.","PeriodicalId":16761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43688591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0976500X221080296
Wisam Al Jumaili, Ashraf Muzwagi
Objectives: To shed some light on the understudied complication of chronic prolonged exposure to antipsychotics (AP) in children with consideration to with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: We electronically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, clinical trial.gov, and Medline Database of clinical studies up to June 2021. We used the following keywords: “bone mineral density, osteoporosis, osteopenia, bone loss, bone changes” AND “antipsychotics, SGAs, atypical antipsychotics” AND “pediatric, adolescent, young, youth, children.” We used [Mesh] Term for “antipsychotics agent” and “bone mineral density” and “autism spectrum disorder” and “child.” We retrieved relevant observational studies, reviews, case series, and randomized clinical trials. Results: Yvette Roke et al., in 2012, reported in a retrospective observational study that lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) and the biochemical bone marker were lower in the AP-treated boy with hyperprolactinemia in comparison to the non-AP-treated group, while a retrospective observational study of institutional adolescents with a psychiatric condition, carried out by Bonnot et al. in 2011, found significant vitamin D deficiency in psychiatric inpatient adolescents that is unrelated to the specific APs. Third, Calarge et al. in a 2010 retrospective observational study have reported a significant reduction in BMD in adolescents with risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) compared to another group with risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia without SSRI. On the other hand, Nivin A. Nagiub et al. (2019) in the cross-sectional study found no correlation between BMD and AP use in children with ASD. Houghton et al., in 2021, found a high fracture prevalence of 38% with aripiprazole compared to risperidone in children with ASD. Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware of the potential negative effects of APs on BMD, considerably in children with ASD that has additional risk factors for osteoporosis and bone disease. A provider needs to utilize more sensitive screening and diagnostic tools; the pediatric physician should evaluate other risk factors to prevent early osteopenia and bone fracture in children with ASD who are on chronic psychotropic medication, before adjusting to the AP medication.
{"title":"Review of the Long-Term Effect of the Atypical Antipsychotic Medication on the Bone Mineral Density of the Pediatric Patient with Consideration of Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Wisam Al Jumaili, Ashraf Muzwagi","doi":"10.1177/0976500X221080296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500X221080296","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To shed some light on the understudied complication of chronic prolonged exposure to antipsychotics (AP) in children with consideration to with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: We electronically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, clinical trial.gov, and Medline Database of clinical studies up to June 2021. We used the following keywords: “bone mineral density, osteoporosis, osteopenia, bone loss, bone changes” AND “antipsychotics, SGAs, atypical antipsychotics” AND “pediatric, adolescent, young, youth, children.” We used [Mesh] Term for “antipsychotics agent” and “bone mineral density” and “autism spectrum disorder” and “child.” We retrieved relevant observational studies, reviews, case series, and randomized clinical trials. Results: Yvette Roke et al., in 2012, reported in a retrospective observational study that lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) and the biochemical bone marker were lower in the AP-treated boy with hyperprolactinemia in comparison to the non-AP-treated group, while a retrospective observational study of institutional adolescents with a psychiatric condition, carried out by Bonnot et al. in 2011, found significant vitamin D deficiency in psychiatric inpatient adolescents that is unrelated to the specific APs. Third, Calarge et al. in a 2010 retrospective observational study have reported a significant reduction in BMD in adolescents with risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) compared to another group with risperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia without SSRI. On the other hand, Nivin A. Nagiub et al. (2019) in the cross-sectional study found no correlation between BMD and AP use in children with ASD. Houghton et al., in 2021, found a high fracture prevalence of 38% with aripiprazole compared to risperidone in children with ASD. Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware of the potential negative effects of APs on BMD, considerably in children with ASD that has additional risk factors for osteoporosis and bone disease. A provider needs to utilize more sensitive screening and diagnostic tools; the pediatric physician should evaluate other risk factors to prevent early osteopenia and bone fracture in children with ASD who are on chronic psychotropic medication, before adjusting to the AP medication.","PeriodicalId":16761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42933952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0976500X221080224
A. Bhardwaj, Shoma Mukherjee, V. Roy
Xylometazoline, a sympathomimetic available as over the counter drug, acts as a nasal decongestant and has been reported as an independent risk factor for hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. The chronic use of xylometazoline leads to either increased release of more potent vasoconstrictor norepinephrine in the presynaptic region, or acts directly on central adrenoreceptors which leads to dysfunction resulting in chronic progressive vasculopathy that manifests as an ischemic stroke. Sympathomimetics also activate 12-lipoxygenase pathways which induce proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. 12-lipoxgenase also plays a significant role in regulating the degree and stability of platelet activation, as its activation significantly strengthens platelet activation and uncontrolled platelet activation, which may lead to myocardial infraction and stroke. The present case reports a rare case of young adult suffering from isolated left medial cerebellar peduncle infarct related to the chronic use of xylometazoline. Acute cerebellar stroke is rare, especially in young adults and represent only 3% of total ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Clinical symptoms, patient age at the onset of stroke, and lesion size had no significant effect on the clinical outcome. Symptoms are frequently underestimated and misdiagnosed which further lead to serious complications and poor functional outcomes.
{"title":"Xylometazoline Induced Isolated Left Medial Cerebellar Peduncle Infarct: A Rare Case Report","authors":"A. Bhardwaj, Shoma Mukherjee, V. Roy","doi":"10.1177/0976500X221080224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500X221080224","url":null,"abstract":"Xylometazoline, a sympathomimetic available as over the counter drug, acts as a nasal decongestant and has been reported as an independent risk factor for hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. The chronic use of xylometazoline leads to either increased release of more potent vasoconstrictor norepinephrine in the presynaptic region, or acts directly on central adrenoreceptors which leads to dysfunction resulting in chronic progressive vasculopathy that manifests as an ischemic stroke. Sympathomimetics also activate 12-lipoxygenase pathways which induce proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. 12-lipoxgenase also plays a significant role in regulating the degree and stability of platelet activation, as its activation significantly strengthens platelet activation and uncontrolled platelet activation, which may lead to myocardial infraction and stroke. The present case reports a rare case of young adult suffering from isolated left medial cerebellar peduncle infarct related to the chronic use of xylometazoline. Acute cerebellar stroke is rare, especially in young adults and represent only 3% of total ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Clinical symptoms, patient age at the onset of stroke, and lesion size had no significant effect on the clinical outcome. Symptoms are frequently underestimated and misdiagnosed which further lead to serious complications and poor functional outcomes.","PeriodicalId":16761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44837222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0976500x221080392
H. Gandhi
Olanzapine, a second-generation antipsychotic, is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Oral of olanzapine include standard oral tablets orally disintegrating tablets which are similar in pharmacokinetic aspects and bioequivalent to each their
{"title":"Physician Preferences for Olanzapine Standard Oral Tablets and Orally Disintegrating Tablets: A Cross-Sectional Survey","authors":"H. Gandhi","doi":"10.1177/0976500x221080392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500x221080392","url":null,"abstract":"Olanzapine, a second-generation antipsychotic, is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Oral of olanzapine include standard oral tablets orally disintegrating tablets which are similar in pharmacokinetic aspects and bioequivalent to each their","PeriodicalId":16761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42685020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/0976500X221080225
Pooja Raina, Somnath Basu, R. Goyal, P. K. Sahoo, R. Mathur
Three monoclonal antibodies—natalizumab (NTZ), ocrelizumab (OCR), and alemtuzumab (ALM)—are the mainstays for the treatment of both relapsing and progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, their safety in patients with MS is analyzed and compared for rational use, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. All clinical studies published between 2016 and 2020 with the primary outcome of the occurrence of adverse events (AEs) with the use of NTZ, OCR, and ALM in the treatment of MS were systematically searched in the PubMed database. In this review, the percentage of patients reporting AEs was calculated and compared. The most common AEs associated with the use of NTZ, OCR, and ALM were infection and infestation. The percentage of patients reporting urinary tract infection, upper respiratory tract infection, and herpes was 16% using natalizumab, 7% using natalizumab and ocrelizumab, and 2% with ocrelizumab, respectively. The most common AEs, such as rashes, pyrexia, and influenza, were reported with ocrelizumab and alemtuzumab. Additionally, alemtuzumab was associated with immune thrombocytopenia (2%), respiratory infections (7%), and thyroid dysfunction (43%). All these data outcomes show that of the three monoclonal antibodies, natalizumab and ocrelizumab were associated with a reduced incidence of adverse events, making them a safer choice for MS.
{"title":"Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing the Safety of Natalizumab, Ocrelizumab, and Alemtuzumab in Treating Relapsing–Remitting, Primary Progressive, and Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"Pooja Raina, Somnath Basu, R. Goyal, P. K. Sahoo, R. Mathur","doi":"10.1177/0976500X221080225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0976500X221080225","url":null,"abstract":"Three monoclonal antibodies—natalizumab (NTZ), ocrelizumab (OCR), and alemtuzumab (ALM)—are the mainstays for the treatment of both relapsing and progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, their safety in patients with MS is analyzed and compared for rational use, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. All clinical studies published between 2016 and 2020 with the primary outcome of the occurrence of adverse events (AEs) with the use of NTZ, OCR, and ALM in the treatment of MS were systematically searched in the PubMed database. In this review, the percentage of patients reporting AEs was calculated and compared. The most common AEs associated with the use of NTZ, OCR, and ALM were infection and infestation. The percentage of patients reporting urinary tract infection, upper respiratory tract infection, and herpes was 16% using natalizumab, 7% using natalizumab and ocrelizumab, and 2% with ocrelizumab, respectively. The most common AEs, such as rashes, pyrexia, and influenza, were reported with ocrelizumab and alemtuzumab. Additionally, alemtuzumab was associated with immune thrombocytopenia (2%), respiratory infections (7%), and thyroid dysfunction (43%). All these data outcomes show that of the three monoclonal antibodies, natalizumab and ocrelizumab were associated with a reduced incidence of adverse events, making them a safer choice for MS.","PeriodicalId":16761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49097391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Prakash, M. Abhirami, Navya Sri G, V. Dalal, A. Swamy, Kurian Thomas
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), through the recent years have seen an increase in the number of prescriptions for a spectrum of mood disorders, especially in the geriatric population. Despite being a well-tolerated antidepressant, SSRIs have been associated with hyponatremia, a rare, but fatal adverse effect and the incidence ranges from 0.5%–32% in literature. Euvolemic hyponatremia is most commonly associated with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. An extensive review of literature was carried out, and we came across a total of 20 cases where escitalopram was reported as the causative agent of hyponatremia. We report a case of an 82-year-old female patient who had a history of acute onset, progressive memory impairment, and behavioral changes with depressive cognition precipitated by the death of her husband, for which she was treated with escitalopram 5 mg/day and clonazepam 0.5 mg/day. She was admitted to the hospital with presenting complaints of gait imbalance, tremors, irritability, confusion, decreased speech output and persecutory delusions. She was diagnosed with late-onset organic psychosis, precipitated and worsened by escitalopram-induced chronic uncontrolled euvolemic hyponatremia, with a sodium level of 115 mmol/L. On discontinuation of escitalopram, the patient's serum sodium level improved gradually, and her consciousness became better. This is the second case with recurrent hyponatremia in the literature up to this date, with the other being reported by Tsai et al., in 2012. Furthermore, the dose of escitalopram was only 5 mg/day compared to other reported cases where the dose ranged between 10–20 mg/day.
{"title":"Escitalopram-Induced Chronic Euvolemic Hyponatremia","authors":"J. Prakash, M. Abhirami, Navya Sri G, V. Dalal, A. Swamy, Kurian Thomas","doi":"10.4103/jpp.jpp_102_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpp.jpp_102_21","url":null,"abstract":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), through the recent years have seen an increase in the number of prescriptions for a spectrum of mood disorders, especially in the geriatric population. Despite being a well-tolerated antidepressant, SSRIs have been associated with hyponatremia, a rare, but fatal adverse effect and the incidence ranges from 0.5%–32% in literature. Euvolemic hyponatremia is most commonly associated with syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. An extensive review of literature was carried out, and we came across a total of 20 cases where escitalopram was reported as the causative agent of hyponatremia. We report a case of an 82-year-old female patient who had a history of acute onset, progressive memory impairment, and behavioral changes with depressive cognition precipitated by the death of her husband, for which she was treated with escitalopram 5 mg/day and clonazepam 0.5 mg/day. She was admitted to the hospital with presenting complaints of gait imbalance, tremors, irritability, confusion, decreased speech output and persecutory delusions. She was diagnosed with late-onset organic psychosis, precipitated and worsened by escitalopram-induced chronic uncontrolled euvolemic hyponatremia, with a sodium level of 115 mmol/L. On discontinuation of escitalopram, the patient's serum sodium level improved gradually, and her consciousness became better. This is the second case with recurrent hyponatremia in the literature up to this date, with the other being reported by Tsai et al., in 2012. Furthermore, the dose of escitalopram was only 5 mg/day compared to other reported cases where the dose ranged between 10–20 mg/day.","PeriodicalId":16761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42524248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is characterized by downslanting palpebral fissures on both sides, malar hypoplasia, micrognathia, and external ear abnormalities. Hypoplasia of the zygomatic bones and jaw may make it difficult to eat and breathe. TCS, also known as Franceschetti syndrome or mandibulofacial dysostosis, is an autosomal dominant craniofacial condition with a wide range of symptoms. Edward Treacher Collins (1862-1932), an English ophthalmologist, first defined the syndrome's fundamental characteristics in 1900. This syndrome is approximately affecting 1 in 50,000 live births with equal gender affection. In Saudi Arabia, it follows a similar pattern of prevalence. Antimongoloid slanting palpebral fissures, colobomas of the lower eyelid, hypoplasia of the zygoma and mandible, auditory microtia, conductive hearing loss, obstructive sleep apnea, and a range of orofacial abnormalities are the most prevalent clinical symptoms of TCS. In this case report, the author describes a deep-rooted analysis of the clinical features of TCS in a 9-year-old boy as well as his follow-up case. The study was conducted for a period of 9 years from birth to 9-year-old age, which makes this case report as a special rare 9-year follow-up case report from Saudi Arabia.
{"title":"Treacher Collins Syndrome: A Rare and Special Case Report of a 9-Year-Old Boy from Saudi Arabia","authors":"K. Alyahya","doi":"10.4103/jpp.jpp_172_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpp.jpp_172_21","url":null,"abstract":"Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is characterized by downslanting palpebral fissures on both sides, malar hypoplasia, micrognathia, and external ear abnormalities. Hypoplasia of the zygomatic bones and jaw may make it difficult to eat and breathe. TCS, also known as Franceschetti syndrome or mandibulofacial dysostosis, is an autosomal dominant craniofacial condition with a wide range of symptoms. Edward Treacher Collins (1862-1932), an English ophthalmologist, first defined the syndrome's fundamental characteristics in 1900. This syndrome is approximately affecting 1 in 50,000 live births with equal gender affection. In Saudi Arabia, it follows a similar pattern of prevalence. Antimongoloid slanting palpebral fissures, colobomas of the lower eyelid, hypoplasia of the zygoma and mandible, auditory microtia, conductive hearing loss, obstructive sleep apnea, and a range of orofacial abnormalities are the most prevalent clinical symptoms of TCS. In this case report, the author describes a deep-rooted analysis of the clinical features of TCS in a 9-year-old boy as well as his follow-up case. The study was conducted for a period of 9 years from birth to 9-year-old age, which makes this case report as a special rare 9-year follow-up case report from Saudi Arabia.","PeriodicalId":16761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44048224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To compare the levels of serum 25 Hydroxyvitamin D levels after a single large oral dose (60,000 IU) of different vitamin D3 formulations. Materials and Methods: Ninety-one volunteers with mild vitamin D deficiency (18–29 ng/ml) were selected and randomly assigned to three parallel groups. Groups-I received liquid, Group-II received sachet, and Group-III received tablet formulation of cholecalciferol as a single dose of 60,000 IU orally after 8–10 h of overnight fasting. Serum 25(OH) D concentrations were measured at baseline, 24 h, 7 days, and 14 days after drug administration. Various hematology and biochemical parameters were also assessed for baseline safety evaluation. Results: Baseline serum 25(OH) D concentrations in Groups I (liquid), II (sachet), and III (tablet) was 24.75 ± 4.77 ng/mL, 23.25 ± 4.15 ng/mL, and 23.18 ± 5.52 ng/mL, respectively. After supplemented with three formulations, only tablet group after 24 h showed increase in serum 25-OH-D concentration of 8.07 units from its baseline. Whereas after 7th day, no significant difference in absorption was observed but after 14th day, all three groups showed increase in serum 25-OH-D concentration, in which tablet group (50.10 ± 94.99 ng/ml) showed highest increase in absorption (26.92 units) from their baseline values. During intergroup comparison between three formulations at the time of investigation, only liquid group after 24 h showed increased serum concentration by P values (0.03, 0.02) as compared to sachet and tablet group. However, After 7th and 14th day, there was no statistically difference was observed between three groups. Conclusion: Single oral dose of 60,000 IU dose of vitamin D liquid formulation has higher absorption value as after 24 h and tablet formulation showed higher absorption after 7th days. In emergency paucity of vitamin D, these observations findings can have critical conclusions to state the suitable dietary formulation of vitamin D.
{"title":"Comparison of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels After A Single Oral Dose of Vitamin D3 Formulations in Mild Vitamin D3 Deficiency","authors":"Kavita Munjal, Sourabh Sharma, Shallu Sharma, Deepak Kumar, Ajay Choudhary, R. Berwal, Ashok Kumar","doi":"10.4103/jpp.jpp_105_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpp.jpp_105_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the levels of serum 25 Hydroxyvitamin D levels after a single large oral dose (60,000 IU) of different vitamin D3 formulations. Materials and Methods: Ninety-one volunteers with mild vitamin D deficiency (18–29 ng/ml) were selected and randomly assigned to three parallel groups. Groups-I received liquid, Group-II received sachet, and Group-III received tablet formulation of cholecalciferol as a single dose of 60,000 IU orally after 8–10 h of overnight fasting. Serum 25(OH) D concentrations were measured at baseline, 24 h, 7 days, and 14 days after drug administration. Various hematology and biochemical parameters were also assessed for baseline safety evaluation. Results: Baseline serum 25(OH) D concentrations in Groups I (liquid), II (sachet), and III (tablet) was 24.75 ± 4.77 ng/mL, 23.25 ± 4.15 ng/mL, and 23.18 ± 5.52 ng/mL, respectively. After supplemented with three formulations, only tablet group after 24 h showed increase in serum 25-OH-D concentration of 8.07 units from its baseline. Whereas after 7th day, no significant difference in absorption was observed but after 14th day, all three groups showed increase in serum 25-OH-D concentration, in which tablet group (50.10 ± 94.99 ng/ml) showed highest increase in absorption (26.92 units) from their baseline values. During intergroup comparison between three formulations at the time of investigation, only liquid group after 24 h showed increased serum concentration by P values (0.03, 0.02) as compared to sachet and tablet group. However, After 7th and 14th day, there was no statistically difference was observed between three groups. Conclusion: Single oral dose of 60,000 IU dose of vitamin D liquid formulation has higher absorption value as after 24 h and tablet formulation showed higher absorption after 7th days. In emergency paucity of vitamin D, these observations findings can have critical conclusions to state the suitable dietary formulation of vitamin D.","PeriodicalId":16761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44809510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.4103/0976-500X.337459
{"title":"Retraction: Curcumin recovers the toxic effects of nicotine on hippocampus cornu ammonis 1 in rats","authors":"","doi":"10.4103/0976-500X.337459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-500X.337459","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16761,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47868667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anjaly S Kumar, V. Vijay, M. Arya, P. Vasant, S. Chandra, Abhishek Menon
Drug-induced thrombocytopenia is a rare and life-threatening condition. It is mainly caused by the initiation of drug-dependent platelet reactive antibodies that leads to the accelerated platelet destruction. Ceftriaxone is a third-generation cephalosporin, which has rarely reported cases of drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia. Here, we report a case of ceftriaxone-induced thrombocytopenia after the initiation of antibiotic therapy for bacterial meningoencephalitis based on the laboratory findings with the initiation and discontinuation of ceftriaxone.
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