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Critical Evaluation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Na2Cr2O7, K2Cr2O7, Na2Mo2O7, K2Mo2O7, Na2W2O7, and K2W2O7 对 Na2Cr2O7、K2Cr2O7、Na2Mo2O7、K2Mo2O7、Na2W2O7 和 K2W2O7 热力学性质的严格评估
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0154613
Sara Benalia, Patrice Chartrand, C. Robelin
This study outlines an extensive investigation of crystallographic data and thermodynamic properties (including solid-solid transition and fusion) for sodium dichromate, potassium dichromate, sodium dimolybdate, potassium dimolybdate, sodium ditungstate, and potassium ditungstate. A thorough literature review was conducted to obtain a good understanding of the data available in the literature, and a critical and complete evaluation has been performed from room temperature to above the melting temperatures. This work is one of the key steps towards the development of a thermodynamic model for the Na+, K+//Cl−, SO42−, CO32−, CrO42−, Cr2O72−, MoO42−, Mo2O72−, WO42−, W2O72−, O2− system, relevant for high temperature corrosion in atmospheres containing O–H–S–C–Cl and alkali salts.
本研究概述了对重铬酸钠、重铬酸钾、二钼酸钠、二钼酸钾、仲钨酸钠和仲钨酸钾的晶体学数据和热力学性质(包括固-固转变和熔融)的广泛调查。为了很好地了解文献中提供的数据,我们进行了全面的文献综述,并对从室温到熔点以上的温度进行了严格而全面的评估。这项工作是开发 Na+、K+//Cl-、SO42-、CO32-、CrO42-、Cr2O72-、MoO42-、Mo2O72-、WO42-、W2O72-、O2- 系统热力学模型的关键步骤之一,该模型与含有 O-H-S-Cl 和碱盐的大气中的高温腐蚀有关。
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引用次数: 0
Critical Evaluation and Calorimetric Study of the Thermodynamic Properties of Na2CrO4, K2CrO4, Na2MoO4, K2MoO4, Na2WO4, and K2WO4 对 Na2CrO4、K2CrO4、Na2MoO4、K2MoO4、Na2WO4 和 K2WO4 热力学性质的严格评估和量热研究
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0154609
Sara Benalia, F. Tesfaye, Daniel Lindberg, David Sibarani, Leena Hupa, Patrice Chartrand, C. Robelin
This paper evaluates crystallographic data and thermodynamic properties for sodium chromate, potassium chromate, sodium molybdate, potassium molybdate (K2MoO4), sodium tungstate, and potassium tungstate collected from the literature. A thorough literature review was carried out to obtain a good understanding of the available data, and a critical evaluation has been performed from room temperature to above the melting temperatures. Also, the solid–solid transition and melting properties of the six pure salts were measured by differential scanning calorimetry, and high-temperature x-ray powder diffraction measurements were performed to determine the crystal structures and space groups associated with the phases of K2MoO4. This work is the first step towards the development of a thermodynamic model for the Na+, K+//Cl−, SO42−, CO32−, CrO42−, Cr2O72−, MoO42−, Mo2O72−, WO42−, W2O72−, O2− system that is relevant for high temperature corrosion in atmospheres containing O–H–S–C–Cl and alkali salts.
本文评价了从文献中收集的铬酸钠、铬酸钾、钼酸钠、钼酸钾(K2MoO4)、钨酸钠和钨酸钾的晶体学数据和热力学性质。为了获得对现有数据的充分理解,进行了全面的文献综述,并从室温到熔融温度以上进行了关键评估。用差示扫描量热法测定了六种纯盐的固固转变和熔融性能,并用高温x射线粉末衍射测定了K2MoO4相的晶体结构和空间基团。这项工作是建立Na+, K+//Cl−,SO42−,CO32−,CrO42−,Cr2O72−,MoO42−,Mo2O72−,WO42−,W2O72−,O2−体系热力学模型的第一步,该模型与含有O-H-S-C-Cl和碱盐的大气中的高温腐蚀有关。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Physicochemical Property Data in the ECHA Database ECHA数据库中理化性质数据的评价
2区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1063/5.0153030
Juliane Glüge, Martin Scheringer
The database of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) is one of the most important databases that contains physicochemical properties, also because these data are used for the regulation of chemicals in the European Economic Area. The present study investigates the availability and quality of the data in the ECHA database for the logarithmic octanol–water partition coefficient (log10 KOW), solubility in water (SW), vapor pressure (pV), air–water partition coefficient, boiling point (Tb), second-order rate constant for the degradation with OH radicals, and the soil adsorption coefficient. For the evaluation of the data, calculations were run with COSMOtherm for the majority of the mono-constituent, neutral organic substances that are fully registered under the EU Regulation on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). The COSMOtherm data were evaluated against data from the PHYSPROP database, a manually curated database of experimental property data, to ensure that the COSMOtherm data were free of systematic errors. The comparison between COSMOtherm and the experimental data in the ECHA database showed that the data agree (within some variability) for many of the endpoints. However, there are also certain ranges with substantial discrepancies. These include log10 KOW > 8, SW < 10−3 mg/l, pV < 10−6 Pa, and Tb > 400 °C. The deviations between the non-experimental data and the COSMOtherm values are for all endpoints on average higher than the deviations between the experimental data and the COSMOtherm values. With this study, we provide COSMOtherm data for more than 4400 substances that can be used in the future for the hazard and risk assessment of these chemicals.
欧洲化学品管理局(ECHA)的数据库是包含物理化学性质的最重要的数据库之一,也因为这些数据用于欧洲经济区的化学品监管。本研究考察了ECHA数据库中辛醇-水对数分配系数(log10 KOW)、水中溶解度(SW)、蒸汽压(pV)、空气-水分配系数、沸点(Tb)、OH自由基降解的二阶速率常数和土壤吸附系数等数据的可用性和质量。为了对数据进行评估,使用COSMOtherm对大多数在欧盟化学品注册、评估、授权和限制条例(REACH)下完全注册的单组分、中性有机物质进行了计算。为了确保COSMOtherm数据不存在系统误差,COSMOtherm数据与PHYSPROP数据库(一个人工管理的实验特性数据数据库)中的数据进行了对比。COSMOtherm与ECHA数据库中的实验数据的比较表明,在许多终点上,数据是一致的(在一些变异范围内)。但是,也有某些范围存在很大差异。其中包括log10 >8、w & &;10−3mg /l, pV <10−6 Pa, Tb >400°C。非实验数据与COSMOtherm值之间的偏差平均大于实验数据与COSMOtherm值之间的偏差。通过这项研究,我们为未来可用于这些化学品危害和风险评估的4400多种物质提供了COSMOtherm数据。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental and Semiclassical Stark Widths and Shifts for Spectral Lines of Neutral and Ionized Atoms (A Critical Review of Experimental and Semiclassical Data for the Period 2008 Through 2020) 中性原子和电离原子谱线的实验和半经典Stark宽度和位移(2008 - 2020年实验和半经典数据的重要回顾)
2区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0147933
S. Djurović, B. Blagojević, N. Konjević
This Review Article compares new experimental and corresponding semiclassical Stark broadened data for non-hydrogenic spectral lines of neutral atoms and positive ions. This Review covers the period 2008 until the end of 2020 and presents the continuation of previous critical reviews from 1976 (two), 1984 (two), 1990, 2002, and one from 2009. This Review reports the Stark broadening parameters of 1665 spectral lines belonging to 35 elements with 61 different atomic and ion species. The data are taken from 60 papers. Experimental data are arranged by elements and spectra, and these are reported in tables in alphabetical and numerical order, respectively. Each experimental Stark broadening parameter is followed with estimated accuracy. The experimental Stark broadening and shift data presented in the tables are compared with the corresponding semiclassical results available in the literature. In addition, for comparison experiments versus semiclassical theoretical Stark broadening parameters, a numerically improved theoretical approach developed based on Griem and co-workers’ theory is used to evaluate Stark widths and shifts of all studied lines whenever required atomic energy levels data and transition probabilities are available. At the end of the text report, for each analyzed neutral or ion species, the information about the location of the same species data in preceding reviews is given.
本文比较了中性原子和正离子的非氢谱线的新实验数据和相应的半经典Stark展宽数据。本综述涵盖2008年至2020年底期间,是1976年(两次)、1984年(两次)、1990年、2002年和2009年一次重要综述的延续。本文报道了35种元素61种不同原子和离子的1665条光谱线的Stark展宽参数。数据取自60篇论文。实验数据按元素和光谱排列,并分别按字母顺序和数字顺序在表格中报告。对各实验斯塔克展宽参数进行了精度估计。表中给出的Stark展宽和位移实验数据与文献中相应的半经典结果进行了比较。此外,为了与半经典理论Stark加宽参数进行比较实验,基于Griem和同事的理论开发了一种数值改进的理论方法,用于在需要的原子能水平数据和跃迁概率可用时评估所有研究线的Stark宽度和位移。在文本报告的最后,对于每个分析的中性或离子物种,在前面的评论中给出了关于相同物种数据的位置的信息。
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引用次数: 1
Ab Initio Calculation of Fluid Properties for Precision Metrology 精密计量中流体特性的从头计算
2区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0156293
Giovanni Garberoglio, Christof Gaiser, Roberto M. Gavioso, Allan H. Harvey, Robert Hellmann, Bogumił Jeziorski, Karsten Meier, Michael R. Moldover, Laurent Pitre, Krzysztof Szalewicz, Robin Underwood
Recent advances regarding the interplay between ab initio calculations and metrology are reviewed, with particular emphasis on gas-based techniques used for temperature and pressure measurements. Since roughly 2010, several thermophysical quantities – in particular, virial and transport coefficients – can be computed from first principles without uncontrolled approximations and with rigorously propagated uncertainties. In the case of helium, computational results have accuracies that exceed the best experimental data by at least one order of magnitude and are suitable to be used in primary metrology. The availability of ab initio virial and transport coefficients contributed to the recent SI definition of temperature by facilitating measurements of the Boltzmann constant with unprecedented accuracy. Presently, they enable the development of primary standards of thermodynamic temperature in the range 2.5–552 K and pressure up to 7 MPa using acoustic gas thermometry, dielectric constant gas thermometry, and refractive index gas thermometry. These approaches will be reviewed, highlighting the effect of first-principles data on their accuracy. The recent advances in electronic structure calculations that enabled highly accurate solutions for the many-body interaction potentials and polarizabilities of atoms – particularly helium – will be described, together with the subsequent computational methods, most often based on quantum statistical mechanics and its path-integral formulation, that provide thermophysical properties and their uncertainties. Similar approaches for molecular systems, and their applications, are briefly discussed. Current limitations and expected future lines of research are assessed.
回顾了从头计算和计量学之间相互作用的最新进展,特别强调了用于温度和压力测量的气体技术。大约从2010年开始,几个热物理量——特别是维里系数和输运系数——可以从第一性原理计算出来,而不需要不受控制的近似和严格传播的不确定性。在氦的情况下,计算结果的精度超过了最好的实验数据至少一个数量级,适合用于初级计量。从头算维里和输运系数的可用性有助于最近的SI温度定义,通过促进波尔兹曼常数的测量以前所未有的精度。目前,他们能够使用声学气体测温,介电常数气体测温和折射率气体测温,开发2.5 - 552k范围内的热力学温度和压力高达7mpa的主要标准。这些方法将被审查,突出第一性原理数据对其准确性的影响。电子结构计算的最新进展使原子(特别是氦)的多体相互作用势和极化率的高度精确解决方案成为可能,将与随后的计算方法一起描述,这些方法通常基于量子统计力学及其路径积分公式,提供热物理性质及其不确定性。简要讨论了分子系统的类似方法及其应用。评估了当前的局限性和预期的未来研究方向。
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引用次数: 4
IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series. 105. Solubility of Solid Alkanoic Acids, Alkenoic Acids, Alkanedioic Acids, and Alkenedioic Acids Dissolved in Neat Organic Solvents, Organic Solvent Mixtures, and Aqueous–Organic Solvent Mixtures. III. Alkanedioic Acids and Alkenedioic Acids IUPAC-NIST溶解度数据系列。105.溶解在干净有机溶剂、有机溶剂混合物和水-有机溶剂混合物中的固体烷酸、烯二酸、烷二酸和烯二酸的溶解度。III、 烷二酸和烯二酸
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0158382
W. E. Acree, W. Waghorne
Solubility data are compiled and reviewed for 19 alkanedioc and alkenedioic acids dissolved in neat organic solvents and well-defined binary organic and aqueous–organic solvent mixtures. The compiled solubility data were retrieved from the published chemical, engineering, and pharmaceutical literature covering the period between 1910 and the beginning of 2021.
对19种烷二酸和烯二酸溶解在纯有机溶剂和定义明确的二元有机和水-有机溶剂混合物中的溶解度数据进行了汇编和审查。编制的溶解度数据来自于1910年至2021年初期间发表的化学、工程和制药文献。
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引用次数: 0
Cylindrical Acoustic Gas Thermometry 圆柱形声学气体温度计
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.1063/5.0139385
L. Xing, Xiao-Juan Feng, Ming-Hao Si, Jin-Tao Zhang, Hong Lin, K. Gillis, M. Moldover
We review recent determinations of the Boltzmann constant kB and the differences T − T90 that used cylindrical acoustic gas thermometry (c-AGT). These determinations measured the acoustic resonance frequencies of argon gas enclosed by metal-walled, cylindrical cavities. (Here, T is the thermodynamic temperature and T90 is the temperature measured on the International Temperature Scale of 1990, ITS-90.) In the range 234–303 K, the standard uncertainty of c-AGT ranges from 1.9 × 10−6T to 2.6 × 10−6T. This uncertainty is much smaller than the errors in ITS-90; therefore, c-AGT can help improve ITS-90. Moreover, we are extending c-AGT up to 1358 K. With increasing temperatures, c-AGT becomes advantageous relative to AGT based on quasi-spherical cavities because long cylindrical cavities (1) naturally fit into cylindrical heat pipes or multi-shelled thermostats; (2) provide the immersion required by transfer temperature standards, such as long-stemmed platinum resistance thermometers; and (3) have more useful, low-frequency acoustic resonances. In preparation for high-temperature c-AGT, we identified suitable materials for fabricating cylindrical cavities and we developed techniques for measuring acoustic resonance frequencies using sources and detectors outside the high-temperature thermostat. We also considered alternative test gases and optimal dimensions of cavities.
我们回顾了最近使用圆柱声气体测温(c-AGT)测定玻尔兹曼常数kB和T - T90的差异。这些测定测量了围在金属壁圆柱形腔内的氩气的声共振频率。(T为热力学温度,T90为1990年国际温标(ITS-90)测量的温度。)在234 ~ 303 K范围内,c-AGT的标准不确定度为1.9 × 10−6T ~ 2.6 × 10−6T。这种不确定度比ITS-90中的误差小得多;因此,c-AGT可以帮助改善ITS-90。此外,我们正在将c-AGT扩展到1358 K。随着温度的升高,c-AGT相对于基于准球腔的AGT具有优势,因为长圆柱形腔(1)自然适合于圆柱形热管或多壳恒温器;(2)提供传递温度标准所要求的浸渍,如长柄铂电阻温度计;(3)具有更有用的低频声学共振。在制备高温c-AGT的过程中,我们确定了用于制造圆柱腔的合适材料,并开发了使用高温恒温器外的源和探测器测量声共振频率的技术。我们还考虑了替代测试气体和最佳尺寸的空腔。
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引用次数: 1
Thermodynamic Properties of Chlorine Dioxides and Chlorite Ions 二氧化氯和亚氯酸盐离子的热力学性质
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-07-05 DOI: 10.1063/5.0157581
G. Schmitz
An analysis of experimental measurements of the properties of chlorine dioxide gives ΔfG°(OClO·, g) = 116.3 ± 2.0, ΔfH°(OClO·, g) = 98.5 ± 2.0 kJ mol−1, ΔfG°(ClOO·, g) = 112.5 ± 1.5, and ΔfH°(ClOO·, g) = 98.3 ± 1.5 kJ mol−1. An analysis of OClO· solubility measurements gives Ksol = 1.01 ± 0.15 mol l−1 atm−1, ΔsolH = −28.9 ± 1.5 kJ mol−1, and ΔsolS = −96.9 ± 4 J mol−1 K−1. The uncertainties provided in this paper are expanded uncertainties U or 2 σ (95% confidence internal). These results and the redox potential E°(OClO·, aq/ClO2−, aq) = 0.935 ± 0.02 V give ΔfG°(ClO2−, aq) = 26.1 ± 4.0 kJ mol−1, value significantly larger than the value in the NBS Tables of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties.
二氧化氯性能的实验测量分析得出ΔfG°(OClO·,g) = 116.3±2.0,ΔfH°(OClO·,g) = 98.5±2.0 kJ mol - 1, ΔfG°(ClOO·,g) = 112.5±1.5,ΔfH°(ClOO·,g) = 98.3±1.5 kJ mol - 1。对OClO·溶解度测量的分析得出Ksol = 1.01±0.15 mol l−1 atm−1,ΔsolH =−28.9±1.5 kJ mol−1,ΔsolS =−96.9±4 J mol−1 K−1。本文给出的不确定性为扩展不确定性U或2 σ(95%置信度)。这些结果和氧化还原电位E°(OClO·,aq/ClO2−,aq) = 0.935±0.02 V得到ΔfG°(ClO2−,aq) = 26.1±4.0 kJ mol−1,显著大于NBS化学热力学性质表中的值。
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引用次数: 0
Cross Sections for Electron Collisions with N2, N2*, and N2+ 电子与N2, N2*和N2+碰撞的截面
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0150618
Mi-Young Song, Hyuck Cho, G. Karwasz, V. Kokoouline, J. Tennyson
Electron collision cross section data are complied from the literature for electron collisions with the nitrogen molecules, N2, N2+, and N2*. Cross sections are collected and reviewed for total scattering, elastic scattering, momentum transfer, rotational excitation, vibrational excitation, electronic excitation, dissociative processes, and ionization. The literature has been surveyed up to the end of 2021. For each of these processes, the recommended values of the cross sections are presented.
电子碰撞截面数据来源于与氮分子、N2、N2+和N2*的电子碰撞文献。收集并回顾了总散射、弹性散射、动量传递、旋转激发、振动激发、电子激发、解离过程和电离的截面。文献调查截止到2021年底。对于这些过程中的每一个,都给出了截面的推荐值。
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引用次数: 0
Line Position and Line Intensity Modelings of H218O up to the First Triad and J = 20 H218O至第一三元组和J = 20的线位置和线强度模型
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1063/5.0152187
L. Coudert, S. Mikhailenko, A. Campargue, G. Mellau
Line position and line intensity analyses are carried out for the H218O isotopic species of the water molecule. Both datasets involve the five lowest lying vibrational states. For the line position analysis, the dataset includes infrared and far infrared transitions recorded in this work using high-temperature Fourier transform emission spectroscopy. Also included are already published infrared, far infrared, microwave, terahertz, Doppler-free combination differences, and kHz accuracy lines. The fitting is carried out with the bending–rotation approach and allows us to reproduce 12 858 line positions involving levels with J ≤ 20 and Ka ≤ 18, with a unitless standard deviation of 1.9, varying 207 spectroscopic parameters. For the line intensity analysis, far infrared line intensities measured in this work using Fourier transform spectroscopy in addition to previously measured line intensities are fitted. 5612 line intensities are accounted for with a unitless standard deviation of 1.5. The results from both analyses are used to build a line list for atmospherical purposes, spanning the 2–5000 cm−1 spectral range and containing 7593 lines. This line list and calculated energies and line intensities are compared to those already published.
对水分子的H218O同位素进行了线位和线强度分析。这两个数据集都涉及5个最低的振动状态。对于线位置分析,数据集包括使用高温傅里叶变换发射光谱记录的红外和远红外跃迁。还包括已经公布的红外,远红外,微波,太赫兹,多普勒无组合差异,和千赫精度线。采用弯曲-旋转方法进行拟合,使我们能够重现12858条线位置,涉及J≤20和Ka≤18的水平,无单位标准差为1.9,改变207个光谱参数。对于谱线强度分析,除了先前测量的谱线强度外,本文还使用傅里叶变换光谱测量了远红外谱线强度。5612线强度的无单位标准差为1.5。这两种分析的结果用于建立大气目的的谱线列表,涵盖2-5000 cm−1光谱范围,包含7593条谱线。该线表以及计算的能量和线强度与已发表的线表进行了比较。
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引用次数: 1
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