Pub Date : 2024-06-07eCollection Date: 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbae029
Freya E Sykes, Julie Meilland, Adele Westgård, Thomas B Chalk, Melissa Chierici, Gavin L Foster, Mohamed M Ezat
The subtropical to subpolar planktic foraminifera Globigerina bulloides is a calcifying marine protist, and one of the dominant foraminiferal species of the Nordic Seas. Previously, the relative abundance and shell geochemistry of fossil G. bulloides have been studied for palaeoceanographic reconstructions. There is however a lack of biological observations on the species and a poor understanding of its ecological tolerances, especially for high latitude genotypes. Here, we present observations from the first extensive culturing of G. bulloides under subpolar conditions, including the first low temperature (6-13°C) and variable salinity (30-38) experiments. Carbonate chemistry (pH and [CO32-]) was also manipulated. Experimental conditions were chosen to reflect a range of plausible past and future scenarios for the Nordic Seas. We found G. bulloides to be tolerant of environmental conditions well outside their optimal range (<10°C, salinity <33, pH <8). Observed life span was up to three months, which was attributed to a microalgal diet. Two alternative life strategies were employed, whereby individuals either experienced rapid growth and death, or a prolonged lifespan with minimal growth and death via slow decay. We posit this could help explain differences in geochemical signals recorded from different size fractions of fossil specimens used for palaeoceanographic reconstructions.
亚热带至亚极地浮游有孔虫 Globigerina bulloides 是一种钙化海洋原生动物，也是北欧海洋的主要有孔虫物种之一。在此之前，人们曾对有孔虫化石的相对丰度和外壳地球化学进行过研究，以用于古海洋学重建。然而，我们缺乏对该物种的生物学观察，对其生态耐受性也缺乏了解，尤其是对高纬度基因型。在此，我们介绍了首次在亚极地条件下广泛培养 G. bulloides 的观察结果，包括首次低温（6-13°C）和可变盐度（30-38）实验。此外，还对碳酸盐化学（pH 值和 [CO3 2-]）进行了操作。实验条件的选择反映了北欧海域过去和未来的各种可能情况。我们发现 G. bulloides 能够耐受其最适范围之外的环境条件 (
{"title":"Large-scale culturing of the subpolar foraminifera <i>Globigerina bulloides</i> reveals tolerance to a large range of environmental parameters associated to different life-strategies and an extended lifespan.","authors":"Freya E Sykes, Julie Meilland, Adele Westgård, Thomas B Chalk, Melissa Chierici, Gavin L Foster, Mohamed M Ezat","doi":"10.1093/plankt/fbae029","DOIUrl":"10.1093/plankt/fbae029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The subtropical to subpolar planktic foraminifera <i>Globigerina bulloides</i> is a calcifying marine protist, and one of the dominant foraminiferal species of the Nordic Seas. Previously, the relative abundance and shell geochemistry of fossil <i>G. bulloides</i> have been studied for palaeoceanographic reconstructions. There is however a lack of biological observations on the species and a poor understanding of its ecological tolerances, especially for high latitude genotypes. Here, we present observations from the first extensive culturing of <i>G. bulloides</i> under subpolar conditions, including the first low temperature (6-13°C) and variable salinity (30-38) experiments. Carbonate chemistry (pH and [CO<sub>3</sub> <sup>2-</sup>]) was also manipulated. Experimental conditions were chosen to reflect a range of plausible past and future scenarios for the Nordic Seas. We found <i>G. bulloides</i> to be tolerant of environmental conditions well outside their optimal range (<10°C, salinity <33, pH <8). Observed life span was up to three months, which was attributed to a microalgal diet. Two alternative life strategies were employed, whereby individuals either experienced rapid growth and death, or a prolonged lifespan with minimal growth and death via slow decay. We posit this could help explain differences in geochemical signals recorded from different size fractions of fossil specimens used for palaeoceanographic reconstructions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plankton Research","volume":"46 4","pages":"403-420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141875072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-16eCollection Date: 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1093/plankt/fbae022
Gesche Winkler, Jory Cabrol, Réjean Tremblay
Mysids, besides krill, play a significant role in energy transfer and carbon sequestration. The ecology of coastal species is better understood than that of deep dwelling species such as Boreomysis arctica. The objectives of this study were to quantify spatiotemporal variations in body condition and the trophic level of B. arctica in autumn and winter, under sea-ice conditions in the St. Lawrence system, using a multimarker approach. We sampled along a 1000 km transect. Mean abundances in winter were higher in the estuary compared to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Body condition, measured as total lipid content, was higher in winter than in autumn. Lipids of B. arctica were mainly composed of wax esters, thereby B. arctica is richer in energetic lipids compared to the three dominant krill species. We also observed seasonal differences in the trophic level of B. arctica, revealing carnivorous behavior in autumn compared to omnivory in winter. High intra-specific variability in both energetic strategy and feeding behavior was found that is potentially due to opportunistic feeding. Energy rich reserves suggest that B. arctica could act as a valuable prey for both benthic and pelagic consumers and thus playing a key role in bentho-pelagic energy transfer.
{"title":"Living at depth: ecophysiological condition of <i>Boreomysis arctica</i> in autumn and winter in the St. Lawrence estuary and gulf.","authors":"Gesche Winkler, Jory Cabrol, Réjean Tremblay","doi":"10.1093/plankt/fbae022","DOIUrl":"10.1093/plankt/fbae022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mysids, besides krill, play a significant role in energy transfer and carbon sequestration. The ecology of coastal species is better understood than that of deep dwelling species such as <i>Boreomysis arctica</i>. The objectives of this study were to quantify spatiotemporal variations in body condition and the trophic level of <i>B. arctica</i> in autumn and winter, under sea-ice conditions in the St. Lawrence system, using a multimarker approach. We sampled along a 1000 km transect. Mean abundances in winter were higher in the estuary compared to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Body condition, measured as total lipid content, was higher in winter than in autumn. Lipids of <i>B. arctica</i> were mainly composed of wax esters, thereby <i>B. arctica</i> is richer in energetic lipids compared to the three dominant krill species. We also observed seasonal differences in the trophic level of <i>B. arctica,</i> revealing carnivorous behavior in autumn compared to omnivory in winter<i>.</i> High intra-specific variability in both energetic strategy and feeding behavior was found that is potentially due to opportunistic feeding. Energy rich reserves suggest that <i>B. arctica</i> could act as a valuable prey for both benthic and pelagic consumers and thus playing a key role in bentho-pelagic energy transfer.</p>","PeriodicalId":16800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plankton Research","volume":"46 3","pages":"348-356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11142453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rubens M Lopes, Marcia Akari, Leandro T De La Cruz, Marco Uttieri
Toxicity tests with daphnids are important tools in the environmental impact assessment of aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study was to characterize the swimming paths of Daphnia similis in response to two concentrations of the reference substance potassium chloride (KCl), as an additional expedite tool in evaluating the effects of contaminants. Bidimensional trajectory coordinates were obtained with image acquisition and processing methods and used to calculate the following metrics of D. similis behavior: mean swimming speed, hop rate, fractal dimension, and vertical occupancy. The swimming speed, hop rate and fractal dimension for the control group were significantly different from the KCl treatment at the higher concentration. Conversely, the vertical occupancy did not differ between the experimental conditions. The results of this investigation validate the use of behavioral analysis as a rapid and reliable approach to evaluate water contamination, aiding in early warning detection of water quality issues. The method can be further refined through the integration of machine learning applications in video tracking.
{"title":"Analysis of swimming trajectories in Daphnia similis as an environmental impact assessment tool","authors":"Rubens M Lopes, Marcia Akari, Leandro T De La Cruz, Marco Uttieri","doi":"10.1093/plankt/fbae015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbae015","url":null,"abstract":"Toxicity tests with daphnids are important tools in the environmental impact assessment of aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study was to characterize the swimming paths of Daphnia similis in response to two concentrations of the reference substance potassium chloride (KCl), as an additional expedite tool in evaluating the effects of contaminants. Bidimensional trajectory coordinates were obtained with image acquisition and processing methods and used to calculate the following metrics of D. similis behavior: mean swimming speed, hop rate, fractal dimension, and vertical occupancy. The swimming speed, hop rate and fractal dimension for the control group were significantly different from the KCl treatment at the higher concentration. Conversely, the vertical occupancy did not differ between the experimental conditions. The results of this investigation validate the use of behavioral analysis as a rapid and reliable approach to evaluate water contamination, aiding in early warning detection of water quality issues. The method can be further refined through the integration of machine learning applications in video tracking.","PeriodicalId":16800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plankton Research","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rachel M Carlowicz Lee, Toniann D Keiling, Joseph D Warren
Calanus finmarchicus is an abundant calanoid copepod in the New York Bight (NYB) that has energy-dense lipid stores. This study measured C. finmarchicus abundance, lipid storage and energy density and compared it to two other abundant calanoid species in the region. We compared the NYB C. finmarchicus preyfield characteristics with data from two other NW Atlantic coastal ecosystems, the Gulf of Maine (GoM) and Cape Cod Bay (CCB). Copepods from net tows were identified, enumerated, photographed and measured. These data were used to calculate animal biovolume and lipid content as well as the volumetric energy density of the copepod preyfield. C. finmarchicus were most abundant in spring and summer and the mean lipid storage of C. finmarchicus remained largely constant regardless of season and location within the NYB. Centropages typicus were abundant enough in the winter to be more energy-rich than C. finmarchicus. Temora longicornis, while also abundant, never surpassed the energy density of C. finmarchicus. C. finmarchicus in the NYB were comparably lipid-rich to those from the GoM and CCB. C. finmarchicus in the NYB can be a reliable energy source for local predators due to their high spring and summer abundances and year-round storage of high-energy wax esters.
鲣鱼（Calanus finmarchicus）是纽约湾（New York Bight，NYB）中一种丰富的桡足类桡足动物，具有高能量的脂质储存。本研究测量了长须鳕的丰度、脂质储存量和能量密度，并将其与该地区另外两种丰富的桡足类进行了比较。我们将纽约湾栉水母的捕食场特征与西北大西洋沿岸另外两个生态系统--缅因湾（GoM）和科德角湾（CCB）的数据进行了比较。对来自网拖的桡足类进行了鉴定、计数、拍照和测量。这些数据用于计算动物的生物体积和脂质含量，以及桡足类捕食场的体积能量密度。长须鳕在春季和夏季最为丰富，而且无论在纽约湾内的哪个季节和哪个地点，长须鳕的平均脂质储存量基本保持不变。典型百步鲸在冬季的数量足够多，因此比长须鲸的能量更为丰富。Temora longicornis虽然也很丰富，但从未超过长尾鳕的能量密度。纽约湾的长吻鳕与戈梅利湾和中央海岸的长吻鳕脂质含量相当。纽约湾的长吻鳕春季和夏季的丰度较高，且常年储存高能量的蜡酯，因此可以成为当地捕食者的可靠能量来源。
{"title":"Seasonal abundance, lipid storage, and energy density of Calanus finmarchicus and other copepod preyfields along the Northwest Atlantic continental shelf","authors":"Rachel M Carlowicz Lee, Toniann D Keiling, Joseph D Warren","doi":"10.1093/plankt/fbae014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbae014","url":null,"abstract":"Calanus finmarchicus is an abundant calanoid copepod in the New York Bight (NYB) that has energy-dense lipid stores. This study measured C. finmarchicus abundance, lipid storage and energy density and compared it to two other abundant calanoid species in the region. We compared the NYB C. finmarchicus preyfield characteristics with data from two other NW Atlantic coastal ecosystems, the Gulf of Maine (GoM) and Cape Cod Bay (CCB). Copepods from net tows were identified, enumerated, photographed and measured. These data were used to calculate animal biovolume and lipid content as well as the volumetric energy density of the copepod preyfield. C. finmarchicus were most abundant in spring and summer and the mean lipid storage of C. finmarchicus remained largely constant regardless of season and location within the NYB. Centropages typicus were abundant enough in the winter to be more energy-rich than C. finmarchicus. Temora longicornis, while also abundant, never surpassed the energy density of C. finmarchicus. C. finmarchicus in the NYB were comparably lipid-rich to those from the GoM and CCB. C. finmarchicus in the NYB can be a reliable energy source for local predators due to their high spring and summer abundances and year-round storage of high-energy wax esters.","PeriodicalId":16800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plankton Research","volume":"2011 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140833016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erwin Kers, Eva Leu, Per-Arne Amundsen, Raul Primicerio, Martin Kainz, Amanda E Poste
Climate warming causes shorter winters and changes in ice and snow cover in subarctic lakes, highlighting the need to better understand under-ice ecosystem functioning. The plankton community in a subarctic, oligotrophic lake was studied throughout the ice-covered season, focusing on lipid dynamics and life history traits in two actively overwintering copepods, Cyclops scutifer and Eudiaptomus graciloides. Whereas C. scutifer was overwintering in C-IV to C-V stage, E. graciloides reproduced under ice cover. Both species had accumulated lipids prior to ice-on and showed a substantial decrease in total lipid content throughout the ice-covered period: E. graciloides (60%–38% dw) and C. scutifer (73%–33% dw). Polyunsaturated fatty acids of algal origin were highest in E. graciloides and declined strongly in both species. Stearidonic acid (18:4n-3) content in E. graciloides was particularly high and decreased rapidly during the study period by 50%, probably due to reproduction. The copepods differed in feeding behavior, with the omnivore C. scutifer continuing to accumulate lipids until January, whereas the herbivorous E. graciloides accumulated lipids from under-ice primary production during the last months of ice-cover. Our findings emphasize the importance of lipid accumulation and utilization for actively overwintering copepods irrespective of the timing of their reproduction.
气候变暖导致亚北极湖泊的冬季缩短，冰雪覆盖面积发生变化，这突出表明有必要更好地了解冰下生态系统的功能。研究人员对一个亚北极低营养湖泊在整个冰封季节的浮游生物群落进行了研究，重点是两种积极越冬的桡足类--Cyclops scutifer 和 Eudiaptomus graciloides--的脂质动态和生活史特征。C. scutifer在C-IV至C-V阶段越冬，E. graciloides则在冰盖下繁殖。这两个物种在冰封前都积累了脂质，在整个冰封期间总脂质含量大幅下降：E. graciloides（60%-38%干重）和 C. scutifer（73%-33%干重）。藻源多不饱和脂肪酸在 E. graciloides 中含量最高，在这两个物种中含量都大幅下降。E. graciloides 的硬脂烷酸（18:4n-3）含量特别高，在研究期间迅速下降了 50%，这可能是由于繁殖所致。桡足类的摄食行为不同，杂食性的 C. scutifer 在一月份之前一直在积累脂质，而草食性的 E. graciloides 则在冰盖覆盖的最后几个月从冰下初级生产中积累脂质。我们的发现强调了脂质积累和利用对积极越冬的桡足类的重要性，无论其繁殖时间如何。
{"title":"Under ice plankton and lipid dynamics in a subarctic lake","authors":"Erwin Kers, Eva Leu, Per-Arne Amundsen, Raul Primicerio, Martin Kainz, Amanda E Poste","doi":"10.1093/plankt/fbae018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbae018","url":null,"abstract":"Climate warming causes shorter winters and changes in ice and snow cover in subarctic lakes, highlighting the need to better understand under-ice ecosystem functioning. The plankton community in a subarctic, oligotrophic lake was studied throughout the ice-covered season, focusing on lipid dynamics and life history traits in two actively overwintering copepods, Cyclops scutifer and Eudiaptomus graciloides. Whereas C. scutifer was overwintering in C-IV to C-V stage, E. graciloides reproduced under ice cover. Both species had accumulated lipids prior to ice-on and showed a substantial decrease in total lipid content throughout the ice-covered period: E. graciloides (60%–38% dw) and C. scutifer (73%–33% dw). Polyunsaturated fatty acids of algal origin were highest in E. graciloides and declined strongly in both species. Stearidonic acid (18:4n-3) content in E. graciloides was particularly high and decreased rapidly during the study period by 50%, probably due to reproduction. The copepods differed in feeding behavior, with the omnivore C. scutifer continuing to accumulate lipids until January, whereas the herbivorous E. graciloides accumulated lipids from under-ice primary production during the last months of ice-cover. Our findings emphasize the importance of lipid accumulation and utilization for actively overwintering copepods irrespective of the timing of their reproduction.","PeriodicalId":16800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plankton Research","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140832999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several species from various zooplankton taxa perform seasonal vertical migrations (SVM) of typically several hundred meters between the surface layer and overwintering depths, particularly in high-latitude regions. We use OPtimality-based PLAnkton (OPPLA) ecosystem model) to simulate SVM behavior in zooplankton in the Labrador Sea. Zooplankton in OPPLA is a generic functional group without life cycle, which facilitates analyzing SVM evolutionary stability and interactions between SVM and the plankton ecosystem. A sensitivity analysis of SVM-related parameters reveals that SVM can amplify the seasonal variations of phytoplankton and zooplankton and enhance the reduction of summer surface nutrient concentrations. SVM is often explained as a strategy to reduce exposure to visual predators during winter. We find that species doing SVM can persist and even dominate the summer-time zooplankton community, even in the presence of Stayers, which have the same traits as the migrators, but do not perform SVM. The advantage of SVM depends strongly on the timing of the seasonal migrations, particularly the day of ascent. The presence of higher (visual) predators tends to suppress the Stayers in our simulations, whereas the SVM strategy can persist in the presence of non-migrating species even without higher predators.
{"title":"Zooplankton seasonal vertical migration in an optimality-based plankton ecosystem model","authors":"Michal Grossowicz, Markus Pahlow","doi":"10.1093/plankt/fbae016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbae016","url":null,"abstract":"Several species from various zooplankton taxa perform seasonal vertical migrations (SVM) of typically several hundred meters between the surface layer and overwintering depths, particularly in high-latitude regions. We use OPtimality-based PLAnkton (OPPLA) ecosystem model) to simulate SVM behavior in zooplankton in the Labrador Sea. Zooplankton in OPPLA is a generic functional group without life cycle, which facilitates analyzing SVM evolutionary stability and interactions between SVM and the plankton ecosystem. A sensitivity analysis of SVM-related parameters reveals that SVM can amplify the seasonal variations of phytoplankton and zooplankton and enhance the reduction of summer surface nutrient concentrations. SVM is often explained as a strategy to reduce exposure to visual predators during winter. We find that species doing SVM can persist and even dominate the summer-time zooplankton community, even in the presence of Stayers, which have the same traits as the migrators, but do not perform SVM. The advantage of SVM depends strongly on the timing of the seasonal migrations, particularly the day of ascent. The presence of higher (visual) predators tends to suppress the Stayers in our simulations, whereas the SVM strategy can persist in the presence of non-migrating species even without higher predators.","PeriodicalId":16800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plankton Research","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140810821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katharina Kordubel, Burkard Baschek, Martin Hieronymi, Yoana G Voynova, Klas O Möller
Recently, natural and anthropogenic pressures caused an apparent increase in the frequency and spread of red Noctiluca scintillans (RNS) blooms. Here, we describe this potential expansion and the associated environmental factors based on an extensive literature review (1857–2023). Our analysis suggests that Noctiluca increased over time in several Australian, Chinese and European coastal regions. We point to eutrophication, ocean warming and deoxygenation as possible drivers of these intensifications. Moreover, we demonstrate Noctiluca’s importance for coastal ecosystems: with competitive advantages causing fast and intense blooms, Noctiluca has the potential to alter plankton communities, influencing productivity in affected areas. Throughout our analysis, we identified major knowledge gaps that are relevant to assess Noctiluca: (i) challenges in determining its spatiotemporal evolution; (ii) limited knowledge about drivers triggering and ending blooms; (iii) scarce information about feeding, reproduction and interaction in situ and (iv) uncertainty regarding its contribution to carbon export. We hypothesize that these gaps are related to limitations in traditional sampling techniques, and we highlight the need for a holistic approach combining traditional with novel techniques like remote sensing and underwater cameras. Our suggested approach could help filling the identified gaps and facilitate predictions of bloom dynamics and impacts under future climate conditions.
{"title":"Improving the sampling of red Noctiluca scintillans to understand its impact on coastal ecosystem dynamics","authors":"Katharina Kordubel, Burkard Baschek, Martin Hieronymi, Yoana G Voynova, Klas O Möller","doi":"10.1093/plankt/fbae010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbae010","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, natural and anthropogenic pressures caused an apparent increase in the frequency and spread of red Noctiluca scintillans (RNS) blooms. Here, we describe this potential expansion and the associated environmental factors based on an extensive literature review (1857–2023). Our analysis suggests that Noctiluca increased over time in several Australian, Chinese and European coastal regions. We point to eutrophication, ocean warming and deoxygenation as possible drivers of these intensifications. Moreover, we demonstrate Noctiluca’s importance for coastal ecosystems: with competitive advantages causing fast and intense blooms, Noctiluca has the potential to alter plankton communities, influencing productivity in affected areas. Throughout our analysis, we identified major knowledge gaps that are relevant to assess Noctiluca: (i) challenges in determining its spatiotemporal evolution; (ii) limited knowledge about drivers triggering and ending blooms; (iii) scarce information about feeding, reproduction and interaction in situ and (iv) uncertainty regarding its contribution to carbon export. We hypothesize that these gaps are related to limitations in traditional sampling techniques, and we highlight the need for a holistic approach combining traditional with novel techniques like remote sensing and underwater cameras. Our suggested approach could help filling the identified gaps and facilitate predictions of bloom dynamics and impacts under future climate conditions.","PeriodicalId":16800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plankton Research","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bryan C Alpecho, Mariano R M Duya, Nikki Y B Mendoza, Francis S Magbanua
Littoral phytoplankton and zooplankton diversity are influenced by the water quality parameters and their trophic interactions. In the largest reservoir of the Philippines, this study examined the water quality and plankton community composition in the littoral zone across three sampling sites and four depths. Of the three sites, one is located near active fish cages, one near the mouth of a tributary and one near an outlet of an upstream dam. A total of 36 phytoplankton and 34 zooplankton taxa were identified, with most taxa belonging to Chlorophyta and Cyclopoida. The most abundant phytoplankton and zooplankton taxa were Aulacoseira and Microcyclops, respectively. The three most abundant phytoplankton (Aulacoseira, Oscillatoria, Volvox) were most positively correlated with the nutrient levels [total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and TN:TP ratio]. A significant interaction of sampling site and depth was recorded for the phytoplankton’s Shannon diversity index and community composition. The decreased zooplankton diversity amidst decreased phytoplankton diversity in the aquaculture site aligns with the effect of lowered resource heterogeneity on zooplankton. The increased phytoplankton diversity and decreased zooplankton density and taxon richness at shallower depths were probably linked with the light availability.
{"title":"Littoral phytoplankton and zooplankton communities in a tropical reservoir: Pantabangan Reservoir, the Philippines","authors":"Bryan C Alpecho, Mariano R M Duya, Nikki Y B Mendoza, Francis S Magbanua","doi":"10.1093/plankt/fbae006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbae006","url":null,"abstract":"Littoral phytoplankton and zooplankton diversity are influenced by the water quality parameters and their trophic interactions. In the largest reservoir of the Philippines, this study examined the water quality and plankton community composition in the littoral zone across three sampling sites and four depths. Of the three sites, one is located near active fish cages, one near the mouth of a tributary and one near an outlet of an upstream dam. A total of 36 phytoplankton and 34 zooplankton taxa were identified, with most taxa belonging to Chlorophyta and Cyclopoida. The most abundant phytoplankton and zooplankton taxa were Aulacoseira and Microcyclops, respectively. The three most abundant phytoplankton (Aulacoseira, Oscillatoria, Volvox) were most positively correlated with the nutrient levels [total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and TN:TP ratio]. A significant interaction of sampling site and depth was recorded for the phytoplankton’s Shannon diversity index and community composition. The decreased zooplankton diversity amidst decreased phytoplankton diversity in the aquaculture site aligns with the effect of lowered resource heterogeneity on zooplankton. The increased phytoplankton diversity and decreased zooplankton density and taxon richness at shallower depths were probably linked with the light availability.","PeriodicalId":16800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plankton Research","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140314883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingyuan Li, Ping Du, Haibo Li, Yuan Zhao, Ming Mao, Li Zhao, Yi Dong, Yepeng Xu, Gérald Grégori, Wuchang Zhang
Most annual studies of tintinnid and phytoplankton in coastal habitats are influenced by alien species introduced by water masses exchange, and therefore cannot be used as direct evidence for exploring the mechanism of annual succession in indigenous community. For brackish communities, very limited annual studies exist because of the difficulty of conducting stable sampling in the transition between freshwater and seawater. The special topography of Xiangshan Bay isolates the external water mass and provides a suitable habitat for exploring the annual succession mechanism of the brackish tintinnid community. In this study, samples were collected from seven stations in Tie Harbor, Xiangshan Bay (East China Sea) during 10 months from 2022 to 2023. A total of 23 tintinnid species of five genera were identified throughout the year. These tintinnid species can be clustered into four seasonal groups, winter, summer, autumn and spring-autumn, with three temperature preferences. The Lorica Oral Diameter (LOD) size-class of each tintinnid species, which determines the food item size of tintinnid, separated their different ecological niches within each seasonal group. The seasonal succession of tintinnid community in Xiangshan Bay was organized by both temperature preference and LOD size of the tintinnid species.
{"title":"Seasonal organization of tintinnid community by temperature preference and LOD size-class in a subtropical brackish embayment","authors":"Jingyuan Li, Ping Du, Haibo Li, Yuan Zhao, Ming Mao, Li Zhao, Yi Dong, Yepeng Xu, Gérald Grégori, Wuchang Zhang","doi":"10.1093/plankt/fbae005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbae005","url":null,"abstract":"Most annual studies of tintinnid and phytoplankton in coastal habitats are influenced by alien species introduced by water masses exchange, and therefore cannot be used as direct evidence for exploring the mechanism of annual succession in indigenous community. For brackish communities, very limited annual studies exist because of the difficulty of conducting stable sampling in the transition between freshwater and seawater. The special topography of Xiangshan Bay isolates the external water mass and provides a suitable habitat for exploring the annual succession mechanism of the brackish tintinnid community. In this study, samples were collected from seven stations in Tie Harbor, Xiangshan Bay (East China Sea) during 10 months from 2022 to 2023. A total of 23 tintinnid species of five genera were identified throughout the year. These tintinnid species can be clustered into four seasonal groups, winter, summer, autumn and spring-autumn, with three temperature preferences. The Lorica Oral Diameter (LOD) size-class of each tintinnid species, which determines the food item size of tintinnid, separated their different ecological niches within each seasonal group. The seasonal succession of tintinnid community in Xiangshan Bay was organized by both temperature preference and LOD size of the tintinnid species.","PeriodicalId":16800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plankton Research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140044078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fish species with high mortality during early life may maximize fitness using adaptive strategies to time hatching to match favorable environmental conditions (match/mismatch) or extending spawning/hatching to disperse risk (bet-hedging). We examined support for these strategies in a collapsed forage fish, capelin (Mallotus villosus), in coastal Newfoundland (2018–2021). Capelin shift from spawning at warm, intertidal to cool, subtidal (15–40 m) habitats in warmer years, with unknown recruitment consequences. We hypothesized that match/mismatch (specifically, Coastal Water Mass Replacement Hypothesis) would be supported if densities of recently hatched larvae showed pulses that overlapped with high prey and low predator densities. Generalized additive models revealed that larval densities increased with zooplankton prey biomass, but were not influenced by predator biomass or temperature, contrasting with pre-collapse studies and providing equivocal support for match/mismatch. Protracted larval emergence and previously documented high variability in larval traits supported a bet-hedging strategy. Larval condition (i.e. length, yolk-sac diameter) did not differ between habitats but varied among years, where the highest proportion of larvae in poor condition was from the intertidal site in the warmest year (2018). Findings suggest that spawning habitat shifts may have limited impact on stock recovery relative to year-specific environmental conditions that influence larval condition.
{"title":"Evidence for adaptive strategies in larval capelin on the northeastern coast of Newfoundland, Canada","authors":"Ashley Tripp, Hannah M Murphy, Gail K Davoren","doi":"10.1093/plankt/fbad052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbad052","url":null,"abstract":"Fish species with high mortality during early life may maximize fitness using adaptive strategies to time hatching to match favorable environmental conditions (match/mismatch) or extending spawning/hatching to disperse risk (bet-hedging). We examined support for these strategies in a collapsed forage fish, capelin (Mallotus villosus), in coastal Newfoundland (2018–2021). Capelin shift from spawning at warm, intertidal to cool, subtidal (15–40 m) habitats in warmer years, with unknown recruitment consequences. We hypothesized that match/mismatch (specifically, Coastal Water Mass Replacement Hypothesis) would be supported if densities of recently hatched larvae showed pulses that overlapped with high prey and low predator densities. Generalized additive models revealed that larval densities increased with zooplankton prey biomass, but were not influenced by predator biomass or temperature, contrasting with pre-collapse studies and providing equivocal support for match/mismatch. Protracted larval emergence and previously documented high variability in larval traits supported a bet-hedging strategy. Larval condition (i.e. length, yolk-sac diameter) did not differ between habitats but varied among years, where the highest proportion of larvae in poor condition was from the intertidal site in the warmest year (2018). Findings suggest that spawning habitat shifts may have limited impact on stock recovery relative to year-specific environmental conditions that influence larval condition.","PeriodicalId":16800,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plankton Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140044023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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