Pub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.11648/J.JPS.20210904.12
Negasa Dangia, Z. Jalata, Gerba Daba
Cereal-legume intercropping practices improve the sustainability of production and productivity. However, identification of suitable crop and plant density of the component crops is essential. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the varietal effects of soybean intercropped with maize and the effect of plant densities of soybean varieties intercropped with maize on yield and yield components of associated crops and the productivity of the system at Wama-Hagelo District, western Ethiopia during 2019. Maize variety ‘P1238W’ (Limu) was intercropped with three varieties of soybean (‘Jalale,’ ‘Boshe’ and local) in a factorial combination of three populations densities of 25%, 50%, and 75% of the recommended population density along with the sole crops of the irrespective varieties of soybean and maize in randomized complete block (RCB) design with three replications. Data was collected on growth, yield and yield related parameters on both crops. The result revealed a plant density of intercropped soybean varieties significantly (P<0.01) affected yield and yield components of maize. Highest values for the number of ears per plant (1.88) and grain yield (7.19 tha-1) of maize were obtained from 25% soybean population and particularly from variety ‘Boshe’ for grain yield. Moreover, plant population and soybean variety significantly (P<0.01) affected grain yield of soybean showing the highest grain yield (1.58 tha-1) of soybean was recorded for variety ‘Boshe’. Generally, the highest LER (Land equivalent ratio) of grain yield (1.65 tha-1) and highest net benefit (44491.40 ETB (Ethiopian Birr) or1334.7USD ha-1) obtained from maize intercropped with ‘Boshe’ variety at a population of 50% revealing intercropping maize with ‘Boshe’ soybean at 50% plant population found to be appropriate to achieve high productivity.
{"title":"Effects of Varieties and Population of Soybean Intercropped with Maize on Yield and Yield Components of Associated Crops","authors":"Negasa Dangia, Z. Jalata, Gerba Daba","doi":"10.11648/J.JPS.20210904.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JPS.20210904.12","url":null,"abstract":"Cereal-legume intercropping practices improve the sustainability of production and productivity. However, identification of suitable crop and plant density of the component crops is essential. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the varietal effects of soybean intercropped with maize and the effect of plant densities of soybean varieties intercropped with maize on yield and yield components of associated crops and the productivity of the system at Wama-Hagelo District, western Ethiopia during 2019. Maize variety ‘P1238W’ (Limu) was intercropped with three varieties of soybean (‘Jalale,’ ‘Boshe’ and local) in a factorial combination of three populations densities of 25%, 50%, and 75% of the recommended population density along with the sole crops of the irrespective varieties of soybean and maize in randomized complete block (RCB) design with three replications. Data was collected on growth, yield and yield related parameters on both crops. The result revealed a plant density of intercropped soybean varieties significantly (P<0.01) affected yield and yield components of maize. Highest values for the number of ears per plant (1.88) and grain yield (7.19 tha-1) of maize were obtained from 25% soybean population and particularly from variety ‘Boshe’ for grain yield. Moreover, plant population and soybean variety significantly (P<0.01) affected grain yield of soybean showing the highest grain yield (1.58 tha-1) of soybean was recorded for variety ‘Boshe’. Generally, the highest LER (Land equivalent ratio) of grain yield (1.65 tha-1) and highest net benefit (44491.40 ETB (Ethiopian Birr) or1334.7USD ha-1) obtained from maize intercropped with ‘Boshe’ variety at a population of 50% revealing intercropping maize with ‘Boshe’ soybean at 50% plant population found to be appropriate to achieve high productivity.","PeriodicalId":16806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79036661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-13DOI: 10.11648/J.JPS.20210904.11
Uc Uzochukwu, N. Mgbedike, Obianefo Chukwujekwu
The study on the adoption of improved cassava production technologies among small-scale cassava famers in Anambra State, Nigeria, specifically; described the socioeconomic characteristics of small-scale cassava farmers, determine the adoption levels of improved cassava production technologies, examine the effects of socioeconomic variables on the adoption level and identified constraints to adoption of improved cassava production technologies in the area. A multi stage sampling technique was employed to randomly sample a cross section of 120 small-scale cassava farmers. Data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire. The data were analyze with a combination of tool like descriptive statistics, multiple regression and principal factor analysis. The study revealed that the average age of the cassava farmers was 44.08 out of which 51.67% are male. The average educational level (9.17), farming experience (14.89), household size (5.86), annual income (861.103 USD), farm size (0.15 ha) and extension contacts (3.59) were also revealed. The results further showed that out of the eleven (11) improved cassava production variables considered, the respondents have not fully adopted any of the technologies. Findings on influence of socioeconomic characteristics on adoption shows that F-statistic value of 4.05*** was significant at 1% level of significance, which implies that the predictor variables influenced adoption. Major constraints of the cassava farmers were rotated into three component factors which are institutional (25.4%), economic (17.7%) and managerial factors (12.6%) using principal factor analysis. A KMO of 0.580 and cumulative Eigen-value of 55.7% explained the variance of factors. We therefore encourage extension agents to sit up in disseminating recent innovation to farmers.
{"title":"Adoption of Improved Cassava Production Technologies Among Small-Scale Farmers in Anambra State, Nigeria","authors":"Uc Uzochukwu, N. Mgbedike, Obianefo Chukwujekwu","doi":"10.11648/J.JPS.20210904.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JPS.20210904.11","url":null,"abstract":"The study on the adoption of improved cassava production technologies among small-scale cassava famers in Anambra State, Nigeria, specifically; described the socioeconomic characteristics of small-scale cassava farmers, determine the adoption levels of improved cassava production technologies, examine the effects of socioeconomic variables on the adoption level and identified constraints to adoption of improved cassava production technologies in the area. A multi stage sampling technique was employed to randomly sample a cross section of 120 small-scale cassava farmers. Data were collected using a well-structured questionnaire. The data were analyze with a combination of tool like descriptive statistics, multiple regression and principal factor analysis. The study revealed that the average age of the cassava farmers was 44.08 out of which 51.67% are male. The average educational level (9.17), farming experience (14.89), household size (5.86), annual income (861.103 USD), farm size (0.15 ha) and extension contacts (3.59) were also revealed. The results further showed that out of the eleven (11) improved cassava production variables considered, the respondents have not fully adopted any of the technologies. Findings on influence of socioeconomic characteristics on adoption shows that F-statistic value of 4.05*** was significant at 1% level of significance, which implies that the predictor variables influenced adoption. Major constraints of the cassava farmers were rotated into three component factors which are institutional (25.4%), economic (17.7%) and managerial factors (12.6%) using principal factor analysis. A KMO of 0.580 and cumulative Eigen-value of 55.7% explained the variance of factors. We therefore encourage extension agents to sit up in disseminating recent innovation to farmers.","PeriodicalId":16806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80817924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.11648/J.JPS.20210903.16
Sujinah, Swisci Margaret, I. A. Rumanti, N. Agustiani
Rice is an important food and produces metabolites which play several roles in the defense of the plant against abiotic and biotic stress. The development of stress tolerance variety is an importance for rice production. This study aims to analyze the metabolites of rice straw extract using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis was carried out with 10 rice straw extracts at the flowering stage, while a total of 78 compounds were identified from the extract. The number of compounds in each variety ranged from 12-23. Fatty acid was the most dominant compound with 37%, followed by ester 26%, and steroid 14%. Palmitic, linoleic, and oleic acid were fatty acids found in many varieties. In addition, ethyl palmitate and 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen phthalate were also detected in all extracts. Based on the results, the highest content found in all varieties was 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen phthalate, except for Inpara 7 and 8 which predominantly contain linoleic acid. Inpara 4, 3, and 5 were included in one cluster that has a higher 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen phthalate, but a lower palmitic and linoleic acid content. The fatty acid can be used as one of the potential criteria in screening varieties for tolerance to stress, especially cold temperature, salinity, and blast disease.
{"title":"Composition of Metabolites in Swamp Rice Varieties to Stress Tolerance Screening","authors":"Sujinah, Swisci Margaret, I. A. Rumanti, N. Agustiani","doi":"10.11648/J.JPS.20210903.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JPS.20210903.16","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is an important food and produces metabolites which play several roles in the defense of the plant against abiotic and biotic stress. The development of stress tolerance variety is an importance for rice production. This study aims to analyze the metabolites of rice straw extract using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis was carried out with 10 rice straw extracts at the flowering stage, while a total of 78 compounds were identified from the extract. The number of compounds in each variety ranged from 12-23. Fatty acid was the most dominant compound with 37%, followed by ester 26%, and steroid 14%. Palmitic, linoleic, and oleic acid were fatty acids found in many varieties. In addition, ethyl palmitate and 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen phthalate were also detected in all extracts. Based on the results, the highest content found in all varieties was 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen phthalate, except for Inpara 7 and 8 which predominantly contain linoleic acid. Inpara 4, 3, and 5 were included in one cluster that has a higher 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen phthalate, but a lower palmitic and linoleic acid content. The fatty acid can be used as one of the potential criteria in screening varieties for tolerance to stress, especially cold temperature, salinity, and blast disease.","PeriodicalId":16806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79043282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-21DOI: 10.11648/J.JPS.20210903.14
Atnafua Bekele, E. Bekele
Yam (Dioscorea spp L.) is one of root and tuber crops grown in Ethiopia as source of food and income. It is cultivated mainly in south, southwest, and western part of the country. Two hundred ten yam accessions from ten different geographic origins of major growing areas of the country were used in this study. The sprouted tubers of some accessions were received from research centers where others were directly collected from farmers’ fields during early March, 2010. The collected yam genotypes were planted in complete randomized block design at two research sites (namely at Hawasa and Wonago) which are found under South Agricultural Research Institute in the end of April 2010. All important cultural practices such as staking, weeding and irrigation were done starting from planting till harvesting. Yam leaf samples with of different origin were observed separately using twenty SSR markers. A similarity matrix derived UPGMA cluster analysis based on geographical sites showed nine distinct clustering groups which indicated presence of relationship between genetic distances to that of geographical distance in most of clustering groups. These cluster grouping is supported by Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) that indicated presence of significance genetic variation of 210 yam accessions within and among ten collection sites.
{"title":"Genetic Diversity Analysis of Ethiopian Yam (Dioscorea spp) from Different Geographic Origin Using Simple Sequence Repeat","authors":"Atnafua Bekele, E. Bekele","doi":"10.11648/J.JPS.20210903.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JPS.20210903.14","url":null,"abstract":"Yam (Dioscorea spp L.) is one of root and tuber crops grown in Ethiopia as source of food and income. It is cultivated mainly in south, southwest, and western part of the country. Two hundred ten yam accessions from ten different geographic origins of major growing areas of the country were used in this study. The sprouted tubers of some accessions were received from research centers where others were directly collected from farmers’ fields during early March, 2010. The collected yam genotypes were planted in complete randomized block design at two research sites (namely at Hawasa and Wonago) which are found under South Agricultural Research Institute in the end of April 2010. All important cultural practices such as staking, weeding and irrigation were done starting from planting till harvesting. Yam leaf samples with of different origin were observed separately using twenty SSR markers. A similarity matrix derived UPGMA cluster analysis based on geographical sites showed nine distinct clustering groups which indicated presence of relationship between genetic distances to that of geographical distance in most of clustering groups. These cluster grouping is supported by Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) that indicated presence of significance genetic variation of 210 yam accessions within and among ten collection sites.","PeriodicalId":16806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86112773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purple rice, as a special rice with important nutritional and health functions, has important scientific significance and application value for genetic improvement of purple rice and breeding of new varieties through in-depth study on its grain quality characters. In this paper, the grain quality characters of 39 kinds of purple rice introduced from Yunnan were tested, and the test results were analyzed comprehensively, which provided scientific basis for the introduction and popularization of high quality purple rice in Yunnan. Taking purple rice germplasm resources introduced from Yunnan Province as experimental materials, the appearance quality, cooking and eating quality, cooking and eating quality of 39 kinds of purple rice were analyzed by using near-infrared grain analyzer, automatic amino acid analyzer, viscometer and microwave digestion instrument combined with biochemical and physical-chemical analysis techniques and methods the grinding quality and nutritional quality were detected and analyzed. The results showed that there were abundant variation types in grain length, grain width, ratio of length to width, gelatinization temperature, taste value, amylose content, viscosity of rice flour, protein content, amino acid content, brown rice rate, milled rice rate and head rice rate. In particular, the appearance quality of grain type, milling quality of head rice rate, nutritional quality of amino acid content, cooking and eating quality of Rice Flour Viscosity, eating value and gelatinization temperature and other important quality traits in rice materials have a wide range of variation. Therefore, the results of this study provide important genetic and breeding resources for the breeding of new rice varieties with high quality.
{"title":"Detection and Analysis of Rice Quality of Yunnan Purple Rice Seed Resources","authors":"Bo Peng, Jing Qiu, Ziyi Xue, Shuangshuang Tu, Anqi Lou, Chao Dong, Cui-feng Tang, A. Xin-Xiang, Fang Yang, Yan-ming Zhang, Meng-Yang Zheng, Ya-Qin Huang, Yan-Yang Sun, Quanxiu Wang, Wei Zhou, Hongyu Yuan","doi":"10.11648/J.JPS.20210903.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JPS.20210903.13","url":null,"abstract":"Purple rice, as a special rice with important nutritional and health functions, has important scientific significance and application value for genetic improvement of purple rice and breeding of new varieties through in-depth study on its grain quality characters. In this paper, the grain quality characters of 39 kinds of purple rice introduced from Yunnan were tested, and the test results were analyzed comprehensively, which provided scientific basis for the introduction and popularization of high quality purple rice in Yunnan. Taking purple rice germplasm resources introduced from Yunnan Province as experimental materials, the appearance quality, cooking and eating quality, cooking and eating quality of 39 kinds of purple rice were analyzed by using near-infrared grain analyzer, automatic amino acid analyzer, viscometer and microwave digestion instrument combined with biochemical and physical-chemical analysis techniques and methods the grinding quality and nutritional quality were detected and analyzed. The results showed that there were abundant variation types in grain length, grain width, ratio of length to width, gelatinization temperature, taste value, amylose content, viscosity of rice flour, protein content, amino acid content, brown rice rate, milled rice rate and head rice rate. In particular, the appearance quality of grain type, milling quality of head rice rate, nutritional quality of amino acid content, cooking and eating quality of Rice Flour Viscosity, eating value and gelatinization temperature and other important quality traits in rice materials have a wide range of variation. Therefore, the results of this study provide important genetic and breeding resources for the breeding of new rice varieties with high quality.","PeriodicalId":16806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82693628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-14DOI: 10.11648/J.JPS.20210903.12
Yao Kouadio Jacques-Edouard, Kassi Fernand Martial, K. K. Didier, Kouamé Koffi Gaston, N’guessan Aya Carine, Bolou Bi Bolou Antoine, N’guessan Kangah Martial, Koné Daouda
Sugarcane smut disease, caused by Sporisorium scitamineum, is one of the most damaging fungal diseases in the world. This study aims to evaluate the effect of treatment with a formulation based on Cymbopogon citratus essential oil on the incidence of S. scitamineum in sugarcane cultivation. The study was conducted under controlled conditions at the research site of the Bingerville scientific pole in Cote d'Ivoire. Some sugarcane cuttings of NCo376 variety were inoculated by dipping in a teliospores solution of 5.106 teliospores/ml. Before planting, the cuttings were cold treated in a C. citratus essential oil. Propiconazole-treated cuttings served as a reference control and untreated cuttings served as a negative control. Agronomic parameters of the cane and descriptors of smut disease were monitored for eight months to assess the health status of treated and untreated plants. Analysis of variance and comparison of means were performed using the Newman-Keuls test at 5% significance level using Statistica 7.1 software. The results showed that, the pre-treatment of cuttings with C. citratus oil had a benefic effect on the cutting’s germination, height, tillering, stem diameter, internode length, number of internodes and biomass of sugarcane plants with the doses of 500-ppm and 1000-ppm. Moreover, the incidence of smut disease was greatly reduced from the 500-ppm of C. citratus essential oil. In addition, the essential oil-based treatment had similar effects to propiconazole and much better than the untreated controls. Therefore, this pre-treatment of cuttings with C. citratus essential oil could be an alternative to the use of chemicals in the fight against sugarcane smut disease.
{"title":"Sustainable Control of the Sugarcane Smut Disease Caused by Sporisorium scitamineum Piep. Using an Essential Oil of Cymbopogon citratus","authors":"Yao Kouadio Jacques-Edouard, Kassi Fernand Martial, K. K. Didier, Kouamé Koffi Gaston, N’guessan Aya Carine, Bolou Bi Bolou Antoine, N’guessan Kangah Martial, Koné Daouda","doi":"10.11648/J.JPS.20210903.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JPS.20210903.12","url":null,"abstract":"Sugarcane smut disease, caused by Sporisorium scitamineum, is one of the most damaging fungal diseases in the world. This study aims to evaluate the effect of treatment with a formulation based on Cymbopogon citratus essential oil on the incidence of S. scitamineum in sugarcane cultivation. The study was conducted under controlled conditions at the research site of the Bingerville scientific pole in Cote d'Ivoire. Some sugarcane cuttings of NCo376 variety were inoculated by dipping in a teliospores solution of 5.106 teliospores/ml. Before planting, the cuttings were cold treated in a C. citratus essential oil. Propiconazole-treated cuttings served as a reference control and untreated cuttings served as a negative control. Agronomic parameters of the cane and descriptors of smut disease were monitored for eight months to assess the health status of treated and untreated plants. Analysis of variance and comparison of means were performed using the Newman-Keuls test at 5% significance level using Statistica 7.1 software. The results showed that, the pre-treatment of cuttings with C. citratus oil had a benefic effect on the cutting’s germination, height, tillering, stem diameter, internode length, number of internodes and biomass of sugarcane plants with the doses of 500-ppm and 1000-ppm. Moreover, the incidence of smut disease was greatly reduced from the 500-ppm of C. citratus essential oil. In addition, the essential oil-based treatment had similar effects to propiconazole and much better than the untreated controls. Therefore, this pre-treatment of cuttings with C. citratus essential oil could be an alternative to the use of chemicals in the fight against sugarcane smut disease.","PeriodicalId":16806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83731428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-08DOI: 10.11648/J.JPS.20210903.11
A. M. Gezahegn, S. Tamiru
Field experiments were conducted for three consecutive years (2012-2014) to determine optimum seed rate and row spacing for increasing productivity of tef at central highlands of Ethiopia. The experiment was designed in a randomized complete block design with a factorial combination of three levels of seed rates (5, 10 and 15 kg/ha) and three rows spaces (15, 20, 25cm) with three replications in a factorial arrangement. One satellite treatment of broadcasting of 25 kg/ha seed rate was included. Results revealed that plant height and number of tillers were not significantly affected by a combination of seed rate and row spacing, however, panicle length was significantly affected by a combination of seed rate and row spacing. The lowest seed rate (5kg/ha) with 25 cm row spacing gave the highest panicle length. Yield and yield components of tef were also significantly affected by a combination of seed rate and row spacing at both locations. At both locations, 10 kg/ha seed rate with 20 cm and broadcasted with 25kg/ha seed rate gave significantly higher grain yield, but were not significantly different from other treatments except 5 kg seed rate with 25 cm row spacing. The Partial budget analysis revealed that highest net benefit was recorded from 10 kg/ha seed rate with 20 cm row spacing. Therefore, a seed rate of 10 kg/ha with 20 cm row spacing can be recommended for higher and economic yield of tef at central highlands of Ethiopia.
{"title":"Effect of Seed Rate and Row Spacing on Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) Production at Central Highlands of Ethiopia","authors":"A. M. Gezahegn, S. Tamiru","doi":"10.11648/J.JPS.20210903.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JPS.20210903.11","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments were conducted for three consecutive years (2012-2014) to determine optimum seed rate and row spacing for increasing productivity of tef at central highlands of Ethiopia. The experiment was designed in a randomized complete block design with a factorial combination of three levels of seed rates (5, 10 and 15 kg/ha) and three rows spaces (15, 20, 25cm) with three replications in a factorial arrangement. One satellite treatment of broadcasting of 25 kg/ha seed rate was included. Results revealed that plant height and number of tillers were not significantly affected by a combination of seed rate and row spacing, however, panicle length was significantly affected by a combination of seed rate and row spacing. The lowest seed rate (5kg/ha) with 25 cm row spacing gave the highest panicle length. Yield and yield components of tef were also significantly affected by a combination of seed rate and row spacing at both locations. At both locations, 10 kg/ha seed rate with 20 cm and broadcasted with 25kg/ha seed rate gave significantly higher grain yield, but were not significantly different from other treatments except 5 kg seed rate with 25 cm row spacing. The Partial budget analysis revealed that highest net benefit was recorded from 10 kg/ha seed rate with 20 cm row spacing. Therefore, a seed rate of 10 kg/ha with 20 cm row spacing can be recommended for higher and economic yield of tef at central highlands of Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":16806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79007917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-29DOI: 10.11648/J.JPS.20210902.15
Gezu Degefa, A. Ahmad, K. Belete
Determination of appropriate row spacing and phosphorus rate of mung bean can increase its productivity. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at Fedis Agricultural Research Center during main growing season to evaluate the effect of phosphorus rate and row spacing on yield and yield related traits of mung bean. Factorial combinations of four phosphorus rate (0, 23, 46, 69 kg P2O5 ha-1) and three row spacing (20, 30, and 40 cm) laid out in RCBD with three replications. A total of 12 treatments and Borda variety was used for the experiment. The results revealed that there were significant (P<0.05) differences for plant height, total and effective number of nodule plant-1, pod plant-1, thousand grain weight, dry biomass yield and grain yield due to phosphorus application. Branch per plant, pod per plant, pod length and dry biomass yield were significantly (P<0.05) affected due to row spacing. The highest Thousand Grain Weight (30.18 g) was obtained from the application of 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 while the lowest (28.27 g) was obtained from 0 kg P2O5 ha-1. The highest grain yield (961.6 kg ha-1) was achieved from 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 while the lowest (766.7 kg ha-1) was from 0 P2O5. In conclusion, the application of 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 30 cm row spacing recorded highest grain yield with highest economic returns (14123.78 ETB ha-1). Based on grain yield and economic return, combination of 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 30 cm row spacing was recommended for the study area and similar agro-ecology.
确定适宜的绿豆行距和施磷量可提高绿豆产量。因此，本研究在主生长期在Fedis农业研究中心进行了田间试验，以评价施磷量和行距对绿豆产量及产量相关性状的影响。四种磷含量(0、23、46、69 kg P2O5 ha-1)和三种行距(20、30和40 cm)的因子组合在RCBD中放置3个重复。试验共12个处理，选用Borda品种。结果表明:施磷对水稻株高、根瘤株-1、荚果株-1总有效数、千粒重、干生物量和籽粒产量均有显著(P<0.05)的影响;行距对单株分枝、单株荚果、荚果长和干生物量产量影响显著(P<0.05)。施用46 kg P2O5 hm -1时千粒重最高，为30.18 g，施用0 kg P2O5 hm -1时千粒重最低，为28.27 g。P2O5用量为46 kg hm -1时，籽粒产量最高(961.6 kg hm -1)， P2O5用量为0时，籽粒产量最低(766.7 kg hm -1)。综上所述，施用46 kg P2O5 ha-1，行距30 cm，籽粒产量最高，经济效益最高(14123.78 ETB ha-1)。综合考虑粮食产量和经济效益，在研究区及类似农业生态条件下，推荐采用46 kg P2O5 hm -1和30 cm行距的组合施用。
{"title":"Effect of Row Spacing and Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates on Yield and Yield Related Traits of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) at Fedis, Eastern Ethiopia","authors":"Gezu Degefa, A. Ahmad, K. Belete","doi":"10.11648/J.JPS.20210902.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JPS.20210902.15","url":null,"abstract":"Determination of appropriate row spacing and phosphorus rate of mung bean can increase its productivity. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at Fedis Agricultural Research Center during main growing season to evaluate the effect of phosphorus rate and row spacing on yield and yield related traits of mung bean. Factorial combinations of four phosphorus rate (0, 23, 46, 69 kg P2O5 ha-1) and three row spacing (20, 30, and 40 cm) laid out in RCBD with three replications. A total of 12 treatments and Borda variety was used for the experiment. The results revealed that there were significant (P<0.05) differences for plant height, total and effective number of nodule plant-1, pod plant-1, thousand grain weight, dry biomass yield and grain yield due to phosphorus application. Branch per plant, pod per plant, pod length and dry biomass yield were significantly (P<0.05) affected due to row spacing. The highest Thousand Grain Weight (30.18 g) was obtained from the application of 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 while the lowest (28.27 g) was obtained from 0 kg P2O5 ha-1. The highest grain yield (961.6 kg ha-1) was achieved from 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 while the lowest (766.7 kg ha-1) was from 0 P2O5. In conclusion, the application of 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 30 cm row spacing recorded highest grain yield with highest economic returns (14123.78 ETB ha-1). Based on grain yield and economic return, combination of 46 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 30 cm row spacing was recommended for the study area and similar agro-ecology.","PeriodicalId":16806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86973077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-29DOI: 10.11648/J.JPS.20210902.14
Afroza Akter Happy, Ferdoushi Jahan, M. Momen
It is a natural tendency of human to look them attractive and younger. For this purpose, they largely depend on several skin care products including herbal as well as chemical ones. But chemical ones have a variety of side effects which are not acceptable to beauty conscious people. That’s why, they are highly intended to use herbal ingredients as these are perfectly safe. Nowadays, essential oils are the most popular ingredients used for daily skin care activities. They have become good alternative and complementary therapies with mainstream cosmetic products and have gained the momentum. Essential oils (EOs) are mainly the volatile aromatic compounds of herbs and spices and these oils are generally extracted from the flowers, barks, seeds, stem, leaves, roots, fruits and other parts of the plant. Nowadays, essential oils are being randomly incorporated in variety of skin care products for their different biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties and hence protect skin from environmental damages and help to cure certain skin ailments for keeping skin youthful, healthy, fresh. This review paper focuses on some essential oils which have extreme skin benefits and play a great role to deliver a beautiful as well as charming skin.
{"title":"Essential Oils: Magical Ingredients for Skin Care","authors":"Afroza Akter Happy, Ferdoushi Jahan, M. Momen","doi":"10.11648/J.JPS.20210902.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JPS.20210902.14","url":null,"abstract":"It is a natural tendency of human to look them attractive and younger. For this purpose, they largely depend on several skin care products including herbal as well as chemical ones. But chemical ones have a variety of side effects which are not acceptable to beauty conscious people. That’s why, they are highly intended to use herbal ingredients as these are perfectly safe. Nowadays, essential oils are the most popular ingredients used for daily skin care activities. They have become good alternative and complementary therapies with mainstream cosmetic products and have gained the momentum. Essential oils (EOs) are mainly the volatile aromatic compounds of herbs and spices and these oils are generally extracted from the flowers, barks, seeds, stem, leaves, roots, fruits and other parts of the plant. Nowadays, essential oils are being randomly incorporated in variety of skin care products for their different biological activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties and hence protect skin from environmental damages and help to cure certain skin ailments for keeping skin youthful, healthy, fresh. This review paper focuses on some essential oils which have extreme skin benefits and play a great role to deliver a beautiful as well as charming skin.","PeriodicalId":16806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84022505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-16DOI: 10.11648/J.JPS.20210902.11
Dessalegn Ayana, H. Ashagre, I. Hamza
An experiment was conducted to identify better performing food barley cultivar at Amuru District of Horo Guduru Wollega Zone of Oromia National Regional State of Ethiopia in 2016 main cropping season. The experiment was laid down in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were factorial combination of four weeding frequencies (weedy check, one time weeding, two times weeding and three times weeding) and five food barley cultivars (HB 1307, CROSS 41/98, GOBE, EH1493 and Local). Yield and yield components of barley including spike length, thousand kernel weight, grain yield and biological yield were significantly influenced by main effect of variety and weeding frequency. However, number of productive tillers, kernels per spike, and harvest index were significantly influenced by interaction effect of variety and weeding frequency. HB 1307 variety gave significantly higher grain yield (1292 kgha 1) than the other four barley cultivars. Three times weeded treatment gave significantly higher grain yield (1422kgha 1) followed by two times weeded (1000kgha 1), one times weeded (644 kgha 1) and weedy check (511kgha 1). Three times weeding of barley is the optimal weeding frequency and use of HB 1307 variety is better to increases grain yield in the area. However, need to be developing site specific varieties to the study area as the yield of improved varieties less performed.
{"title":"Effect of Weeding Frequency on Yield an Yield Components of Food Barley (Horduem vulgare L.) Varieties at Amuru District, Horo Guduru Wollega Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Dessalegn Ayana, H. Ashagre, I. Hamza","doi":"10.11648/J.JPS.20210902.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.JPS.20210902.11","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted to identify better performing food barley cultivar at Amuru District of Horo Guduru Wollega Zone of Oromia National Regional State of Ethiopia in 2016 main cropping season. The experiment was laid down in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were factorial combination of four weeding frequencies (weedy check, one time weeding, two times weeding and three times weeding) and five food barley cultivars (HB 1307, CROSS 41/98, GOBE, EH1493 and Local). Yield and yield components of barley including spike length, thousand kernel weight, grain yield and biological yield were significantly influenced by main effect of variety and weeding frequency. However, number of productive tillers, kernels per spike, and harvest index were significantly influenced by interaction effect of variety and weeding frequency. HB 1307 variety gave significantly higher grain yield (1292 kgha 1) than the other four barley cultivars. Three times weeded treatment gave significantly higher grain yield (1422kgha 1) followed by two times weeded (1000kgha 1), one times weeded (644 kgha 1) and weedy check (511kgha 1). Three times weeding of barley is the optimal weeding frequency and use of HB 1307 variety is better to increases grain yield in the area. However, need to be developing site specific varieties to the study area as the yield of improved varieties less performed.","PeriodicalId":16806,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86598600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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