Journal of physical activity & health最新文献

The development of lymphedema (LE) is a major concern in breast cancer treatment, and it is crucial to understand the best ways to prevent and treat it. Physical activity has shown to be effective, safe, and feasible in controlling complications arising from treatments, as well as improving function and quality of life in breast cancer survivors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity with grip strength and LE development in breast cancer survivors. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted and women who had survived breast cancer between 1 and 5 years after surgery were selected. Participants completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form, the volume of upper limb (UL) was measured by perimetry, handgrip strength was assessed with the JAMAR dynamometer, and the Actigraph accelerometer was placed on the waist. It was found that 50% of the sample was overweight, 28.3% were obese, and 52% of the participants had grip strength below the recommended level. They had an average energy expenditure of 1.2 (0.1) metabolic equivalents, 8.3 (1.8) hours/day of sedentary activity, and spent an average of 61% of their awake time in sedentary activity per day. Significant correlations were found between grip strength on the affected side and the difference in volume between the UL (rp = -.303, P = .041) as well as between body mass index (BMI) and the difference in volume between the UL (rp = .341; P = .020). Moreover, a significant correlation between BMI and the volume of the affected UL was found (rp = .848, P = .000). BMI and grip strength of the affected side were identified as significant predictors of LE, both with P values less than .05. Although physical activity cannot directly prevent LE, it may contribute by helping to control BMI and promote higher levels of grip strength, both of which are important factors in the prediction of LE.

Background: The most recent physical activity (PA) monitor data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were processed using a novel monitor-independent movement summary (MIMS) algorithm. To date, few studies have utilized these data, likely due to a general unfamiliarity with MIMS-related metrics. The purpose of this study was to establish normative values for peak MIMS metrics as measures of free-living PA intensity and natural ambulatory effort.

Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2012 and 2013-2014 survey cycles were used, including 8729 individuals aged 20-80+ years. MIMS data were obtained from wrist-worn accelerometers worn for at least 1 valid day (<5% nonwear time per day). Peak-1MIMS (ie, the highest 1-min MIMS value within a day) and Peak-30MIMS (ie, the average of the 30 highest 1-min MIMS values) were obtained, averaged across all valid days, and reported as sample-weighted means (95% confidence intervals), and across 5th to 95th percentiles.

Results: Mean (95% confidence interval) values for Peak-1MIMS and Peak-30MIMS were 59.9 (59.2-61.6) and 42.9 (42.4-43.3) MIMS/minute, respectively. Both peak metrics declined across the adult lifespan. Men displayed greater Peak-1MIMS, while Peak-30MIMS was similar between sexes. Both MIMS metrics trended lower with increasing body mass index.

Conclusion: We provide normative values for peak MIMS metrics which reflect PA intensity/effort. We also developed an R-Shiny App whereby users can input age, sex, body mass index category, and MIMS metrics to determine individual-specific MIMS percentile values. Given the universal nature of the MIMS algorithm, these population representative data may be useful as a reference data set for device-based PA surveillance within the United States and for comparison globally.

Background: Cognitive frailty, defined by the coexistence of physical frailty and mild cognitive impairment, can be reversed through targeted interventions. This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of physical activity interventions on cognitive function and well-being in older adults with frailty.

Methods: The databases (ProQuest, PubMed, CINAHL Ultimate, and Scopus) and Google Scholar were searched to identify relevant articles published from 1990 to March 2025. Our analyses included randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of physical activity interventions on cognitive function and well-being in older adults with cognitive or physical frailty.

Results: Forty-two randomized controlled trials involving 4740 older adults were included. The meta-analysis categorized interventions into multicomponent exercise, resistance training, aerobic exercise, and mindfulness-based activities. Physical activity interventions produced small-to-moderate improvements in global cognition (g = 0.442), attention (g = 0.267), and executive function (g = 0.279). No significant effect was found for memory (g = -0.020). Moderate effects were observed for physical health-related quality of life (g = 0.600), and moderate-to-large effects were found for psychological well-being (g = 0.710).

Conclusions: Multicomponent and resistance-based programs are effective strategies to promote cognitive function, psychological well-being, and physical health-related quality of life in older adults with frailty. Tailored physical activity programs should be considered in geriatric care to optimize healthy aging.

Background: Older adults engage in the highest levels of sedentary behavior across all age groups. Yet, the extent to which sedentary time is associated with cardiometabolic health in older adults is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined associations between daily sedentary time and cardiometabolic biomarkers in older adults.

Methods: Peer-reviewed articles which studied the association between daily sedentary time and ≥1 cardiometabolic biomarker in participants aged ≥60 years were eligible. Five electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and PsycINFO) were searched. Screening, data extraction, and study quality were undertaken independently by 2 reviewers. Meta-analyses were undertaken using random-effects models based on correlation and regression coefficients. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist.

Results: Twenty-eight articles were included with sample sizes ranging from 30 to 62,754 participants. Increasing daily sedentary time was adversely associated with body mass index (Hedge g: 0.32; P = .001), waist circumference (Hedge g: 0.45; P < .001), body fat percentage (Hedge g: 0.61; P = .012), and fat mass (Hedge g: 0.30; P = .018). There were also unfavorable associations with systolic blood pressure (Hedge g: 0.37; P = .047), blood glucose (Hedge g: 0.30; P = .044), triglycerides (Hedge g: 0.36; P = .039), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Hedge g: 0.34; P = .034).

Conclusions: Increased daily sedentary time is adversely associated with body composition, systolic blood pressure, and blood biomarkers in older adults. Therefore, limiting sedentary behavior should be considered an important target in this population group for improved cardiometabolic health.

The evidence linking urban greenspace to individual's physical activity (PA) levels is mixed. This study examines relationships between street-level and satellite-derived greenspace measures with PA outcomes. Our sample included 7855 adult twins enrolled in the Washington State Twin Registry from 2009 to 2020 living in urban areas; 14,095 total survey observations were analyzed. We applied a deep learning segmentation algorithm to Google Street View images sampled from 100 m around residential addresses to quantify street-level greenspace. Bouts and duration of PA, including moderate to vigorous PA and neighborhood walking were self-reported. We applied mixed-effects linear regression models to determine relationships between greenspace measures and PA outcomes, overall and stratified by residential population density. Adjusted models included age, body mass index, sex, race, education, income, neighborhood deprivation, urban sprawl, and seasonality. A series of sequential models was constructed to test associations between various greenspace exposures and PA outcomes. Overall, we found no consistent associations between greenspace exposures and PA outcomes. We found that the summer normalized difference vegetation index was associated with an increase in moderate to vigorous PA in low population density areas, but this was not significant when controlling for seasonality. Both Google Street View and normalized difference vegetation index were associated with lower total walking for those residing in areas with high population density only. Findings highlight the importance of seasonality and the need to address where PA is actually done.

Physical activity (PA) is political and has enemies. This article lays out the common understanding of enemies of physical activities, offers some critiques, and provides ways forward to improve our ability to address the harms caused by them. Knowing the enemy is vital to improving public health. An enemy is an actor that is actively or passively opposed to policies that would increase population-level PA. Examples of our enemies include the housing, transport, fuel, and car manufacturing industries when they actively or passively oppose policies that would increase population-level PA. Understanding the enemies of PA is neglected in the literature and in our advocacy efforts, to the detriment of PA policy action. To inform policy action on PA, we need to know who the enemies are, how they operate, and how they exert their power. Increasing population-level PA will not be solved by embracing apolitical actions targeting individuals, but by confronting the inherent politicalness of PA policy action to impact the population. Identifying and understanding the enemies of PA will be an important contribution to building the commercial determinants of PA and to strengthening our coalitions to advocate for a new, healthier political direction.

Background: Increased engagement in screen-based behaviors may contribute to decreased physical activity (PA) participation and is associated with mental health among adolescents. Yet, there remain knowledge gaps in how types and duration of screen-based behaviors may moderate the associations between PA, psychological distress, internalizing, and externalizing symptoms. This population-based study aimed to examine this relationship.

Methods: Longitudinal data were obtained from the Millennium Cohort Study and adolescents were followed up from the 14-year to 17-year waves. Data on device-based moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), screen-based behaviors (watching videos and playing videogames), internalizing (emotional and peer problems) and externalizing symptoms (hyperactivity and conduct problem), and psychological distress were analyzed using negative binomial regression (stratified by gender) with interaction terms of continuous device-based PA and categorical screen-based behaviors being applied.

Results: The final sample included 3397 adolescents (mean age = 13.8, 54% girls). Device-based MVPA was associated with a lower incidence of emotional problems (boys [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.97], and girls [IRR = 0.98]), peer problems (IRR = 0.97), and psychological distress (girls only, IRR = 0.98). Video watching for ≥2 hours per day was associated with a higher incidence of conduct problem in boys (IRR = 1.20) and videogames playing ≥2 hours per day was associated with all internalizing and externalizing symptoms in girls (IRR range 1.10-1.21). A buffering effect of MVPA on various symptoms among those spent <2 hours per day on screen-based behaviors was observed.

Conclusions: Reducing screen-based behaviors may help maximize the benefits of MVPA on mental health outcomes in adolescents therefore implementing interventions targeting screen-based behaviors reduction should be recognized as first-line priority.

Background: Physical activity has many benefits but can be hard to achieve for people living with severe mobility impairments. Robotic walking may be an effective way for these individuals to achieve physical activity.

Objective: The aim of this study is to characterize the physical activity performed by children and small adults with severe mobility impairments during a single session of robotic walking.

Methods: We conducted a series of single-session assessments to evaluate the heart rate response experienced by children and small adults with severe mobility impairments during overground walking with an untethered robotic walking aid designed for children (Trexo). Outcomes evaluating physical activity were the average percent heart rate reserve (%HRR) throughout the training session, the most intense minute of training, and the total time spent physically active (at >20% HRR). Nonparametric descriptive statistics are presented as median (25th-75th percentiles).

Results: Fifteen individuals (aged 5-24) unable to walk independently participated in this study. Participants using the robotic walker had an average %HRR during training of 30% (21%-35%) and reached 40% (30%-50%) HRR in the highest minute of training. Participants spent a median of 17 (10-27) minutes and 99% (57%-100%) of the robotic walking time physically active.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that robotic walking can facilitate at least light physical activity for children and small adults with severe mobility impairments. The results of this study can be used to inform future providers on the physical activity benefits of robotic walking.

Background: Previous research has independently associated air pollution and physical inactivity with increased mortality and morbidity. There is an ongoing debate about whether those factors interact to cause an even higher burden, suggesting potential syndemics. This study aimed to estimate the interaction between air pollution and physical inactivity on cognitive decline in older adults.

Methods: The study utilized the Northern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing. The outcome was a ≥3 points decline in the Mini-Mental State Examination score between 2 cohort waves. Exposures were annual mean particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in a 1-km buffer around participants' residences estimated based on national monitoring and self-reported recreational moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) minutes per week. Logistic regression models were used to estimate additive and multiplicative interactions between exposures adjusting for confounders.

Results: Among 2836 participants, 137 (4.8%) had cognitive decline between waves. The median PM2.5 was 6.6 μg/m3 (interquartile range: 5.6-7.6), and 50% reported no MVPA in a week (interquartile range: 0-251.2). Models indicated additive (relative excess risk due to interaction = 0.63; 95% CI, -0.98 to 2.24) and multiplicative (synergy factor = 1.76; 95% CI, 0.84 to 3.72) interactions between high PM2.5 and low MVPA on the risk of cognitive decline; however, estimates were not precise.

Conclusions: This study presents a novel quantitative investigation of a potential syndemic focusing on a less-explored outcome of cognitive decline. However, outcome and exposure measurements limited the certainty of our findings. Future studies should include areas with higher variation in air pollution and use more granular exposure and sensitive outcome measures.