Journal of physical activity & health最新文献

Background: Comprehensive school-based physical activity (PA) interventions are considered effective for fostering movement-supportive school cultures. This study examined differences in fourth-grade students' satisfaction with PA opportunities between schools participating in the School in Motion (SiM) network and nonnetwork schools in Estonia from 2018 to 2024.

Methods: Data from 77,677 fourth-grade students (participation rate 70%-81%) in the National School Satisfaction Survey were analyzed. Satisfaction was assessed on a 5-point Likert scale and dichotomized into "satisfied" (Ratings 4-5) and "not satisfied" (Ratings 1-3). Proportions of satisfied students were calculated annually, and differences between school types were analyzed using Generalized linear mixed models, with school as a random intercept, adjusting for language of instruction and regional poverty rates.

Results: Students in SiM network consistently reported higher satisfaction with PA opportunities in almost all survey years (P < .001). Overall satisfaction with PA opportunities ranged from 36.5% to 41.9% in SiM network and 29.7% to 34.4% in nonnetwork schools. Differences remained significant after adjusting for socioeconomic factors (odds ratios [OR] = 1.21-1.35; P < .001). The strongest difference was observed for student-organized activities (OR 1.29-2.40), while active lessons (OR 1.16-1.39) and teacher encouragement (OR 1.09-1.31) showed modest but consistent effects. For recess-related opportunities, effects were smaller, ranging from OR 0.98 to 1.19 for indoor recess and OR 0.74 to 1.30 for outdoor recess.

Conclusions: Participation in the SiM network was associated with higher student satisfaction with school-based PA opportunities. Whole-of-school approaches may help to promote more equitable access to PA and contribute to movement-supportive school cultures.

Background: Physical activity is a major contributor to population health, yet opportunities for active living are inequitably distributed due to social and structural determinants of health. Climate change, urbanization, and social inequalities influence whether individuals engage in physical activity out of necessity or as a free choice.

Methods: We present an Enhanced Socioecological Model integrating planetary health and the necessity-choice continuum into the classic socioecological framework, providing a tool to assess large-scale interventions originating outside the health sector. After critically synthesizing the Ecological Model of Active Living, the Social Determinants of Health, and the Planetary Health framework, we applied enhanced socioecological model to 2 national affordable-housing programs-Brazil's Minha Casa, Minha Vida and the US Choice Neighborhoods Initiative.

Results: A review of peer-reviewed studies, policy documents, and program reports reveals that peripheral Minha Casa, Minha Vida developments exacerbate necessity-driven mobility through inadequate transit and infrastructure thereby heightening climatic and social vulnerabilities. Conversely, Choice Neighborhoods Initiative's in situ, mixed-income redevelopment fosters choice-driven activity via transit connectivity, green space, and community amenities.

Conclusion: The Enhanced Socioecological Model offers a unifying framework for guiding future research and policy interventions, advancing equitable, climate-resilient urban development while promoting public health.

Background: This umbrella review examined the associations between active outdoor play (AOP) and physical, mental, social, and spiritual health across all ages.

Methods: A systematic search of 8 bibliographic databases was conducted to identify quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods systematic reviews and meta-analyses examining associations between AOP and human physical, social, mental, and spiritual health. Included reviews were written in English or French and published in or after 2014. Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 was used to assess the quality of reviews. Quantitative findings on statistical observations of null, favorable, and unfavorable findings were used to assess the consistency of evidence. Bradford Hill's criteria was used to assess causality.

Results: Six systematic reviews-3 quantitative, 2 mixed-methods, and 1 qualitative-were included in the umbrella review, encompassing 381 articles. Four and 2 reviews were assessed as critically low and high quality, respectively. For physical, social, and spiritual health, 78% (7/9 observations, 2 reviews), 72% (13/18 observations, 3 reviews), and 100% (9/9 observations, 1 review) showed that AOP was favorably associated with the respective health outcomes based on children and adolescent studies exclusively. By contrast, 71% (53/75 observations, 4 reviews) showed that AOP was favorably associated with mental health inclusive of all ages. There was partial support for causality between AOP and all health outcomes. A figure was created to illustrate possible pathways from AOP to health outcomes.

Conclusion: Largely positive associations were observed between AOP and physical, social, mental, and spiritual health, especially among children and adolescents. The greatest source of favorable evidence across all ages was on AOP and mental health, highlighting benefits for public health.

Background: The knowledge and awareness of physical activity (PA) guidelines is limited among adults in the United States. Community health workers (CHWs) are key to promote health among underserved populations; however, little is known about their knowledge and awareness of the PA guidelines.

Methods: To assess CHW's understanding of PA, we administered the questionnaire on knowledge and awareness of the PA guidelines from the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion to CHWs across the country (N = 108, Mage = 42, SD = 9.70, 86% female, 47.2% White).

Results: While 77.6% reported recommending PA to clients, only 38% were familiar with the guidelines. The average score on the knowledge survey was low (M = 3.18, SD = 1.50) particularly for dosage-specific items: only 19.4% correctly identified the recommended weekly dose of moderate-intensity PA, 8.4% for vigorous-intensity, and 24.3% for muscle-strengthening activities. Chi-square analyses showed no statistically significant difference in PA knowledge across demographic groups, but those who reported having familiarity with PA guidelines were more likely to correctly respond to the questions on dosage of moderate- (P = .02) and vigorous-intensity PA (P = .02), and muscle strengthening (P = .02). These results highlight a gap in CHWs' knowledge of PA guidelines.

Conclusion: Given their frontline role in health promotion, increasing CHWs' education on PA guidelines may improve their capacity to effectively promote PA. Future research may consider increasing education on PA among CHWs and examine how this may translate to increased PA participation among the communities they serve.

Background: Insufficient physical activity (PA) is associated with obesity, cardiovascular disease, and mortality, yet only 26.1% of US high school students report meeting the 60-minute daily PA guideline. Adolescents' sleep may contribute to their activity patterns. However, findings in this area have been inconsistent, and few studies have used both objectively measured sleep and PA.

Methods: Two hundred and sixty ninth-grade students (mean age = 14.7, SD = 0.5) in Minnesota wore wrist actigraphs for 7 days to assess weekday and weekend sleep duration, midpoint, efficiency, latency, moderate to vigorous PA, light PA, and waking sedentary time. Multiple regression analyses, controlling for demographics, assessed whether sleep features were associated with activity levels.

Results: Weekday and weekend sedentary time decreased by 25.86 and 19.21 minutes per each additional hour in weekday and weekend sleep duration, respectively. A later weekend sleep midpoint was associated with 8.09 fewer minutes of weekend sedentary time. Sleep duration related to less daily time spent in light PA (8.66 and 9.64 min per every additional hour slept on weekdays and weekends, respectively). Each hour of advancement in weekday sleep midpoint was associated with 14.22 additional minutes of light PA and 3.06 more minutes of moderate to vigorous PA. For each additional percentage point in sleep efficiency, 2.11 minutes less weekend light PA was observed.

Conclusion: If sleep can influence activity, modifying sleep could be a path to promoting healthful activity levels. Further, given that PA and sleep may be mutually reinforcing, targeting both behaviors concurrently could provide comprehensive health promotion.