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Diversity in the growth response of isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans to different essential oils Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans 分离物对不同精油的生长反应的多样性
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13332
Stepan Helmer, Matej Panek

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans (FOC) causes yellow wilt, a serious cabbage disease. This fungal species is composed of many strains within two pathotypes. In this study, the inhibitory effect of essential oils of six aromatic and medicinal plants (oregano, thyme, clove, cinnamon, lemongrass, litsea) at multiple concentrations on eight FOC isolates of different origins was investigated. Our results showed that oregano essential oil had the greatest inhibitory effect. The tested essential oils could be divided into three clusters according to the similar content of their main components (oregano and thyme, clove and cinnamon, lemongrass, and litsea), which correlated to some extent with their inhibitory effects on FOC. The tested isolates also differed in their response to the studied essential oils. The differences within FOC races were more important than between races, and the sensitivity of isolates against essential oils seemed to be more related to the geographical origin of the isolates, rather than to their race affiliation.

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans(FOC)会引起黄萎病,这是一种严重的甘蓝病害。这种真菌由两种病型中的许多菌株组成。本研究调查了六种芳香药用植物(牛至、百里香、丁香、肉桂、柠檬草、石蒜)的精油在多种浓度下对八种不同来源的 FOC 分离物的抑制作用。结果表明,牛至精油的抑制作用最大。根据主要成分(牛至和百里香、丁香和肉桂、柠檬草和石莲花)含量的相似性,可将受测精油分为三组,这在一定程度上与它们对 FOC 的抑制作用相关。被测试的分离物对所研究的精油的反应也不尽相同。FOC 种族内部的差异比种族之间的差异更重要,分离物对精油的敏感性似乎更多地与分离物的地理来源有关,而不是与其种族归属有关。
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引用次数: 0
Viral complexity of tomatoes yellow mosaic and leaf curl diseases in lowland and highland areas 低地和高地番茄黄镶嵌病和卷叶病的病毒复杂性
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13326
Rudy Hermanto, Rudi Hari Murti, Sedyo Hartono, Azis Purwantoro, Arman Wijonarko,  Mulyantoro, Hartinio Natalia Nahampun, Ahmad Afifuddin

Yellow mosaic and leaf curl diseases caused by whitefly-transmitted begomo virus genera are important problems in tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) production in Indonesia, particularly on Java Island. The aims of this survey are to assess the percentages of disease incidence (DI) and disease severity index (DSI), evaluate the spread and complexity of begomovirus and crinivirus infections responsible for yellow mosaic and leaf curl diseases in tomato plants, and identify the species of whitefly insect vectors and their cryptic biotypes in tomato production centers located on Java Island, Indonesia. A total of 43 locations in East, Central, and West Java were surveyed during the dry season from July 2022 to September 2022. Disease incidence and severity were determined by observing 200 samples of tomato plants from five points at each location, with 40 plants per point of land. A total of 116 whitefly samples in microtubes and 215 symptomatic leaf samples were collected. The genus begomovirus and crinivirus infecting tomato were identified by PCR and RT-PCR using genus-specific primers. Similarly, whitefly species and their cryptic biotypes were identified by PCR using MCoI gene-specific primers. Results showed that DI and DSI remarkably differed between the lowlands (66%–89%) and highlands (33%–62%) in the provinces of Central Java and West Java. Furthermore, PCR analysis of 215 infected tomato showing the symptoms of yellow mosaic and curly leaf revealed that three begomoviruses, one crinivirus and their mixed combination both begomoviruses, one crinivirus has been detected in all the samples. Similarly, the whitefly insect vector Bemisia tabaci biotype Q was identified in all areas, whereas Trialeurodes vaporariorum was found only in the East Java and Java highlands, respectively.

由粉虱传播的乞乞科莫病毒属引起的黄镶嵌病和卷叶病是印度尼西亚番茄(Solanum lycopersicon L.)生产中的重要问题,尤其是在爪哇岛。本次调查的目的是评估番茄植株上的病害发生率(DI)和病害严重程度指数(DSI),评估番茄植株上由乞蛾病毒和卷叶病毒感染引起的黄花叶病的传播情况和复杂程度,并鉴定位于印度尼西亚爪哇岛的番茄生产中心的粉虱昆虫载体种类及其隐性生物型。在 2022 年 7 月至 2022 年 9 月的旱季期间,对爪哇岛东部、中部和西部共 43 个地点进行了调查。通过观察每个地点五个点的 200 株番茄植株样本(每个点 40 株)来确定病害发生率和严重程度。共收集了 116 份微管中的粉虱样本和 215 份有症状的叶片样本。使用属特异引物,通过 PCR 和 RT-PCR 鉴定了感染番茄的喙螨病毒属和喙螨病毒属。同样,利用 MCoI 基因特异性引物通过 PCR 鉴定了粉虱种类及其隐性生物型。结果表明,在中爪哇省和西爪哇省,低地(66%-89%)和高地(33%-62%)的 DI 和 DSI 显著不同。此外,对 215 个表现出黄镶嵌和卷曲叶症状的受感染番茄进行的 PCR 分析表明,在所有样本中都检测到了三种乞猴病毒、一种卷曲病毒以及两种乞猴病毒和一种卷曲病毒的混合组合。同样,在所有地区都发现了粉虱昆虫媒介 Bemisia tabaci biotype Q,而 Trialeurodes vaporariorum 只分别在东爪哇和爪哇高地发现。
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引用次数: 0
Leaf spot of Desmodium triflorum caused by Epicoccum sorghinum in South China 华南地区由高粱表球菌引起的 Desmodium triflorum 叶斑病
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13331
Ying Lu, Hui-ru Zhang, Wei-yi Zhang, Wei-huai Wu, Chun-ping He, Yan-qiong Liang, Xing Huang, Ke-xian Yi

Desmodium triflorum is an important gramineous forage grown in tropical regions of China. In August 2022, a new leaf spot disease was observed on D. triflorum during a field survey at the base of the Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan, China. The pathogen was isolated and identified using morphological examination and phylogeny based on multi-gene sequences analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer, the second largest RNA polymerase subunit (RPB2), and beta-tubulin genes. The isolates were identified as Epicoccum sorghinum. The pathogenicity of E. sorghinum on D. triflorum was validated fulfilling Koch's postulates, causing leaf spot disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot disease on D. triflorum caused by E. sorghinum in China.

Desmodium triflorum 是中国热带地区种植的一种重要禾本科牧草。2022 年 8 月,在中国热带农业科学院海南基地的一次田间调查中,观察到一种新的叶斑病。通过形态学检查和基于核糖体内部转录间隔区、第二大RNA聚合酶亚基(RPB2)和β-tubulin基因的多基因序列分析的系统发育,对病原进行了分离和鉴定。经鉴定,这些分离物为高粱伊皮球孢属(Epicoccum sorghinum)。根据科赫推论,高粱疫霉菌对三叶青 D. 的致病性得到了验证,它能引起叶斑病。据我们所知,这是中国首次报道 E. sorghinum 在三叶青上引起的叶斑病。
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引用次数: 0
Combined application of resistance inducer and Trichoderma control two tobacco soil-borne diseases by regulating the field soil microbial composition 抗性诱导剂和毛霉的联合应用通过调节田间土壤微生物组成控制两种烟草土传病害
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13333
Xianren Xia, Quanzhen Wang, Kai Guo, GuoQin Yuan, Tao Deng, Zhenyu Zhao, Qichao Guo, Kai Wu, Biao Chen, Yihong Pan

Tobacco black shank (TBS) and tobacco root black rot (TRBR) are two of the most devastating tobacco soil-borne diseases that threaten sustainable tobacco planting. This study investigated the effects of Trichoderma sp. and a resistance inducer (RI) extracted from traditional Chinese medicine, individually or in combination, on the control of TBS and TRBR. The results showed that the application of Trichoderma sp. and RI, individually or in combination, significantly controlled the two soil-borne diseases by significantly affecting the bacterial, but not fungal, Shannon and Simpson diversity indexes. The disease indexes of TBS and TRBR in integrated application management were the lowest, resulting in the highest potassium contents in the tobacco leaves. The control efficacies of TBS and TRBR in the integrated application treatment were 71.52 ± 1.43% and 68.33 ± 0.69%, respectively. The integrated treatment altered the composition of the rhizosphere soil microbial community. The bacterial community, but not the fungal community, of the control treatment was separated from those of other treatments. The relative abundance of bacteria involved in chemoheterotrophy and fermentation in the control treatment increased, whereas that of bacteria involved in nitrification and aerobic ammonia oxidation decreased compared with the other treatments. Importantly, the application of Trichoderma sp. and RI, individually or in combination, clearly increased the relative abundance of saprotrophic fungi in contrast to the control treatment, while decreasing that of pathotrophic fungi. Our study suggests that a suitable integrated application of bioagents and RI has synergistic effects on the suppression of two tobacco soil-borne diseases by altering the rhizosphere microbiome composition in the field.

烟草黑柄病(TBS)和烟草根黑腐病(TRBR)是威胁烟草可持续种植的两种最具破坏性的烟草土传病害。本研究探讨了单独或联合使用毛霉和从中药中提取的抗性诱导剂(RI)对烟草黑柄病和烟草根黑腐病的防治效果。结果表明,单独或联合施用毛霉和抗性诱导剂可显著控制这两种土传病害,对细菌(而非真菌)的香农(Shannon)和辛普森(Simpson)多样性指数有明显影响。在综合施药管理中,TBS 和 TRBR 的病害指数最低,因此烟叶中的钾含量最高。在综合施药处理中,TBS 和 TRBR 的防治效果分别为 71.52 ± 1.43% 和 68.33 ± 0.69%。综合处理改变了根圈土壤微生物群落的组成。对照处理的细菌群落与其他处理的细菌群落分开,但真菌群落没有分开。与其他处理相比,对照处理中参与化合营养和发酵的细菌相对丰度增加,而参与硝化和需氧氨氧化的细菌相对丰度减少。重要的是,与对照处理相比,单独或联合施用毛霉和 RI 明显增加了嗜根真菌的相对丰度,而减少了嗜病真菌的相对丰度。我们的研究表明,适当综合应用生物制剂和 RI 可通过改变田间根瘤微生物组的组成,对抑制两种烟草土传病害产生协同效应。
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引用次数: 0
Fusarium head blight resistance measured by type II inoculation method among UK wheat cultivars and investigations into the relationship with anthers trapped and anthers retained 用 II 型接种法测定英国小麦栽培品种的镰刀菌头疫病抗性,并研究其与花药捕获量和花药保留量的关系
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13329
Roy A. Browne

There is a paucity of information on the relationship between anthers and Type II expression of Fusarium Head Blight resistance (measured by point inoculation of a spikelet and observing disease spread over the wheat spike). Twenty-nine UK commercial wheat varieties were evaluated for the expression of Type II resistance. Anther extrusion was measured by counting the number of spikelets with anthers trapped between the lemma and palea (anthers trapped). In five spikelets where trapped anthers were not observed, the number of spikelets with anthers contained within the spikelet was counted (anthers retained). There was variation in expression in the expression of Type II resistance (p < .001), anthers trapped (p < .001) and anthers retained (p < .001). Anthers trapped and anthers retained were not correlated with each other, indicating both should be considered independently. Later maturity correlated with great resistance in the AHDB Type I resistance ratings but to greater susceptibility to point inoculations (Type II). Consistent with previous literature higher numbers of anthers trapped to increase susceptibility to FHB Type I. However, the relationships were reversed for the expression of resistance measured by point inoculation within the spikelet, where anthers trapped between the lemma and palea reduced susceptibility to Type II point inoculation (p < .01). This suggests a benefit of releasing some pollen from within the spikelet for this inoculation method. Similarly, anthers retained contributed to increased Type II susceptibility (p < .05), potentially providing substrates within the spikelet inoculation site aiding fungal growth, but correlated to greater Type I resistance (p < .05) indicating the anthers are hidden from initial infection on the outside of the spikelet, particularly under low infection pressure. While preliminary, this work suggests that variation in anthers trapped, anthers retained and maturity date may increase Type II expression of resistance and could relate to increased Type I FHB susceptibility.

关于花药与镰刀菌头疫病抗性 II 型表达之间关系的信息很少(通过对小穗进行点接种并观察病害在小麦穗上的蔓延情况来衡量)。对 29 个英国商业小麦品种的 II 型抗性表达进行了评估。通过计算花药被困在外稃和内稃之间(花药被困)的小穗数量来衡量花药挤压情况。在未观察到花药被困的五个小穗中,计算了花药包含在小穗中的小穗数量(保留花药)。第二类抗性(p <.001)、花药被诱捕(p <.001)和花药被保留(p <.001)的表达存在差异。捕获的花药和保留的花药互不相关,表明两者应独立考虑。在 AHDB I 类抗性评级中,晚熟与高抗性相关,但更易受点接种(II 类)影响。然而,在小穗内通过点接种测量抗性表现时,两者之间的关系却相反,外稃和内稃之间的花药会降低对 II 型点接种的敏感性(p <.01)。这表明在这种接种方法中,从小穗内释放一些花粉是有益的。同样,保留花药也增加了第二类接种的易感性(p <.05),这可能在小穗接种部位提供了基质,有助于真菌生长,但也与第一类接种的抗性有关(p <.05),这表明花药隐藏在小穗外部,避免了最初的感染,尤其是在低感染压力下。这项工作虽然是初步的,但表明花药诱捕、花药保留和成熟日期的变化可能会增加第二类抗性的表达,并可能与第一类 FHB 易感性的增加有关。
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引用次数: 0
Grain yield losses in wheat from the seed gall nematode Anguina tritici under field conditions 田间条件下种瘿线虫 Anguina tritici 给小麦造成的谷物产量损失
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13330
Adnan Tülek, İrfan Öztürk, Banu Tülek, Onur Göktepe, Salah-Eddine Laasli, Rachid Lahlali, Abdelfattah A. Dababat

The effects of the seed gall nematode ‘Anguina tritici’ (Steinbuch, 1799) on the agronomic characteristics of some bread wheat cultivars were investigated at the Trakya Agricultural Research Institute, Türkiye. An experiment was carried out in two different locations in Edirne in the 2019–2020 growing season. A total of 19 winter bread wheat cultivars were evaluated to assess infected grain number, healthy grain number, infected grain rate and yield. According to the results of the combined variance analysis, a statistically significant difference (p ≤ .01) was found in terms of yield from the application of inoculum. Compared to the control in wheat cultivars, there was a 52.15% decrease in the yield of infected parcels due to the damage of wheat seed gall nematode. The highest yield loss in infected parcels occurred in cv. Damla with 64.22% loss, while the least yield loss occurred in cv. Yüksel cultivar with 19%. Pathological symptoms, curling and twisting of the leaves, were not observed on green plants of cv. Yüksel cultivated in the field.

土耳其特拉基亚农业研究所研究了种瘿线虫 "Anguina tritici"(Steinbuch,1799 年)对一些面包小麦栽培品种农艺特性的影响。实验于 2019-2020 年生长季节在埃迪尔内的两个不同地点进行。共评估了 19 个冬季面包小麦栽培品种的感染粒数、健康粒数、感染粒率和产量。综合方差分析结果表明,施用接种物在产量方面存在显著差异(p ≤ .01)。与小麦栽培品种的对照相比,受感染地块的产量因小麦种瘿线虫的危害而减少了 52.15%。受感染地块产量损失最大的是小麦品种 Damla,损失率为 64.22%。而产量损失最小的是 Yüksel 品种,为 19.5%。Yüksel 栽培品种的产量损失最小,为 19%。在 Yüksel 栽培品种的绿色植株上未观察到叶片卷曲和扭曲等病理症状。在田间栽培的 Yüksel 栽培品种的绿色植株上未观察到叶片卷曲和扭曲等病害症状。
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引用次数: 0
Molecular characterization of apple endophytic bacteria and biological effect on Alternaria rot on apple 苹果内生菌的分子特征及对苹果交替腐烂病的生物学效应
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13323
Idris Bektas, Ferit Can Yazdıc, Mustafa Kusek

Apple rot disease, caused by Alternaria alternata, is causing significant losses in apple production, especially in post-harvest periods. Alternaria alternata, was isolated from rotten apple fruit of cv Amasya. Identification of the strain isolated from rotten apple fruit was made by ITS sequence and morphological analysis. In the present study, 58 different endophytic bacteria strains were isolated from apple fruit for use in apple rot disease control. Among the isolated strains, 26 endophyte strains were determined to inhibit the radial growth of mycelia of A. alternata in binary culture in PDA media. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, these antagonistic endophytic bacteria strains were identified as Bacillus ssp. Bacillus methylotrophicus (ib17) showed the highest significant inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of A. alternata at a rate of 79.5% in PDA medium. The results of in vivo experiments showed that Bacillus licheniformis (ib20) achieved 100% biocontrol when endophyte bacterial strains were inoculated 24 h before the inoculation of A. alternata. When the three bacteria species and A. alternata were inoculated simultaneously, Bacillus myloliquefaciens (ib1), Bacillus licheniformis (ib21) and the Endophytic bacterium (ib16) showed the highest biocontrol efficacy against A. alternata at 81.8%. Furthermore, when the bacterial strains were inoculated at 24 h after inoculation of A. alternata, B. licheniformis (ib21) showed the highest biocontrol efficacy of 83.3% against the fungal pathogen compared to the controls. The endophytic bacterial strains produced fungal cell wall hydrolysing enzymes such as chitinase, cellulase, amylase and protease. According to the results of this study, apple endophytic bacteria are potential candidates to control apple decay caused by A. alternata through cell wall hydrolysing enzymes and reduce disease severity. However, the efficacy of the biological control was dependent on the applied time of epiphytic bacterial strains. Further research is needed on the biochemical mechanisms underlying the activity of these bacteria against A. alternata.

苹果腐烂病是由交替丝核菌(Alternaria alternata)引起的,给苹果生产造成了重大损失,尤其是在采收后时期。研究人员从变种 Amasya 的腐烂苹果果实中分离出了交替丝核菌。通过 ITS 序列和形态分析对从腐烂苹果果实中分离出的菌株进行了鉴定。本研究从苹果果实中分离出 58 株不同的内生细菌,用于苹果腐烂病的防治。在分离出的菌株中,有 26 株内生菌株在 PDA 培养基的二元培养中能抑制交替孢霉菌丝的径向生长。根据 16S rRNA 测序分析,这些拮抗内生菌株被鉴定为甲基营养芽孢杆菌(ib17)。 在 PDA 培养基中,甲基营养芽孢杆菌(ib17)对互生菌菌丝生长的抑制率最高,达 79.5%。体内实验结果表明,地衣芽孢杆菌(ib20)在接种交替花叶病毒前 24 小时接种内生细菌菌株,可达到 100% 的生物防治效果。同时接种这三种细菌和互生菌时,地衣芽孢杆菌(ib1)、地衣芽孢杆菌(ib21)和内生细菌(ib16)对互生菌的生物防治效果最高,达到 81.8%。此外,与对照组相比,地衣芽孢杆菌(ib21)对真菌病原体的生物防治效力最高,达 83.3%。内生细菌菌株能产生真菌细胞壁水解酶,如几丁质酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶。根据这项研究的结果,苹果内生细菌是通过细胞壁水解酶控制苹果腐烂病的潜在候选菌株,可降低病害的严重程度。然而,生物防治的效果取决于附生细菌菌株的施用时间。还需要进一步研究这些细菌对交替花叶病毒活性的生化机制。
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引用次数: 0
Multiplex PCR methods for simultaneous detection of tomato brown rugose fruit virus, tomato spotted wilt virus and pepino mosaic virus 同时检测番茄褐皱纹果病毒、番茄斑萎病毒和番茄花叶病毒的多重 PCR 方法
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-02 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13327
Havva Nur Cayak, Hakan Fidan

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a crucial vegetable globally, pivotal in securing the world's food supply. However, viral diseases pose a significant threat to tomato cultivation, resulting in considerable yield losses. Employing sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective detection methods is imperative for mitigating such losses in agricultural production. In response, we developed a Taqman® probe-based real-time multiplex PCR method capable of concurrently detecting three major plant viruses: Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV), and pepino mosaic virus (PepMV), all of which are prominent viral pathogens affecting tomato production. Utilizing envelope protein encoding sequences of these pathogens, we designed primers and probes, assigning the FAM reporter for ToBRFV, the HEX reporter for TSWV, and the Cy5 reporter for PepMV detection. The multiplex RT-qPCR experiment yielded successful results, with Ct values of 29.34, 25.93, and 27.47 for ToBRFV (at 10−6 dilution), TSWV (at 10−2 dilution), and PepMV (at 10−3 dilution), respectively. Developed primers facilitate the early detection of destructive pathogens ToBRFV, TSWV, and PepMV using both RT-PCR and RT-qPCR, offering a user-friendly and cost-effective approach.

番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)是全球重要的蔬菜,在保障世界粮食供应方面举足轻重。然而,病毒性疾病对番茄种植构成了重大威胁,造成了巨大的产量损失。要减少农业生产中的这种损失,必须采用灵敏、快速和经济有效的检测方法。为此,我们开发了一种基于 Taqman® 探针的实时多重 PCR 方法,能够同时检测三种主要植物病毒:它们都是影响番茄生产的主要病毒病原体。利用这些病原体的包膜蛋白编码序列,我们设计了引物和探针,为 ToBRFV 指定了 FAM 报告物,为 TSWV 指定了 HEX 报告物,为 PepMV 检测指定了 Cy5 报告物。多重 RT-qPCR 实验取得了成功,ToBRFV(10-6 稀释)、TSWV(10-2 稀释)和 PepMV(10-3 稀释)的 Ct 值分别为 29.34、25.93 和 27.47。开发的引物有助于利用 RT-PCR 和 RT-qPCR 早期检测破坏性病原体 ToBRFV、TSWV 和 PepMV,提供了一种用户友好且经济高效的方法。
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引用次数: 0
First report of Nectria dematiosa causing European canker of apple in India 首次报告 Nectria dematiosa 在印度引起苹果欧洲腐烂病
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13328
Durga Prashad Bhandari, Usha Sharma, Monica Sharma, Ashok Kumar Thakur, Arun Kumar

Nectria dematiosa exhibiting orange red colour perithecia on stems and branches of young and old apple trees were reported under field conditions during 2020 and 2021. Reddish discoloration followed by papery appearance of stem and branches were the characteristic symptoms observed. Ascomata were non-papillate, surface irregular comprising numerous cylindrical to narrowly clavate asci. Ascospores were ellipsoidal to fusiform, straight or slightly curved, hyaline with 0 to 1-septa. Richard and Royal Delicious variety of apple were more susceptible with moderate to high severity of the European canker. Based on nucleotide homology and phylogenetic analysis, the pathogen was confirmed as N. dematiosa (accession no. OQ152022). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of N. dematiosa causing European canker of apple in India.

2020 年和 2021 年期间,在田间条件下报告了 Nectria dematiosa 在苹果幼树和老树的茎干和枝条上表现出橙红色的包囊。观察到的特征性症状是茎干和枝条变色呈红色,随后出现纸质外观。子囊无乳头,表面不规则,由许多圆柱形至狭棍棒状的子囊组成。孢子呈椭圆形至纺锤形,直或稍弯曲,透明,有 0 至 1 个胚珠。理查德(Richard)和皇家美味(Royal Delicious)苹果品种对欧洲腐烂病的易感性较高,严重程度为中度到高度。根据核苷酸同源性和系统进化分析,病原体被确认为 N. dematiosa(登录号:OQ152022)。据我们所知,这是印度首次报道 N. dematiosa 引起苹果欧洲腐烂病。
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引用次数: 0
First report of Botrytis cinerea causing flower blight on macadamia in South Africa 南非首次报告西尼罗灰霉病在澳洲坚果上引起花枯萎病
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13325
Fahimeh Jami, Sanelisiwe Duma, Gerda Fourie, Gerhard Botha, Maritha Schoeman

Macadamia cultivation plays significant role in the economy of South Africa. Despite its importance, the industry grapples with disease-related challenges, notably flower blight, which threatens substantial economic losses by affecting yield and nut quality. In 2022, diagnostic services at the Agricultural Research Council and the Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute received macadamia flowers displaying blight symptoms. Employing two methods for fungal isolation, 25 isolates were obtained which were classified into one group based on morphological characteristics. DNA analysis identified the isolates as Botrytis cinerea. The pathogenicity testing was conducted on macadamia flowers to confirm Koch's postulates. This is the first report of B. cinerea affecting Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche in South Africa, underlining its potential threat to the industry.

澳洲坚果种植在南非经济中发挥着重要作用。尽管其重要性不言而喻,但该行业仍在努力应对与病害有关的挑战,尤其是花枯病,它影响产量和坚果质量,造成巨大的经济损失。2022 年,农业研究理事会和林业与农业生物技术研究所的诊断部门收到了显示枯萎病症状的澳洲坚果花。采用两种方法进行真菌分离,获得了 25 个分离物,并根据形态特征将其分为一组。通过 DNA 分析,确定这些分离物为灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)。在澳洲坚果花上进行了致病性测试,以证实科赫假设。这是南非首次报告 B. cinerea 影响 Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche 的情况,凸显了它对该产业的潜在威胁。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Phytopathology
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