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Identification of Elsinoë phaseoli causing bean scab in Kenya and evaluation of sporulation using five adapted techniques 鉴定肯尼亚导致豆疮痂病的 Elsinoë phaseoli,并使用五种适应技术对孢子进行评估
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13343
Y. O. Masheti, J. W. Muthomi, W. M. Muiru, E. E. Arunga, P. Gepts

This research addresses the presence of Elsinoë phaseoli in Kenya, where information on the biology of this pathogen remains scarce. Employing a multifaceted approach, the study demonstrates the steps taken to isolate, identify, and characterize E. phaseoli as the pathogen responsible for scab on common bean. Field observations confirmed scab symptoms, particularly the prominent pod lesions. Elsinoë phaseoli was isolated from common bean using a targeted streaking method on older acervulus-bearing lesions. Morphological examinations revealed a notable diversity within E. phaseoli colonies, consistent with the characteristics of the genus. Molecular identification through ITS-rDNA sequencing confirmed isolate AscoSK1 obtained in this study as belonging to E. phaseoli, offering a robust species differentiation method. Assessing conidium production required the implementation of five different culture methods. An adaptation of the Scheper et al. (2013) method yielded the highest quantity of conidia from 25 colonies spaced at 1 cm apart, with a conidial yield of 5.0 × 106 conidia per 9-cm-diameter Petri dish. A higher conidial yield was attained after the colonies were pre-incubated on potato dextrose agar in the dark at room temperature for 28 days, followed by a transfer to corn meal agar for an additional 2 days at 20°C. This emphasizes the pivotal influence of incubation duration and pre-culture conditions on the process. This research provides insights into the biology of E. phaseoli and introduces an improved method for enhancing in vitro sporulation of the pathogen, setting groundwork for future research and handling.

这项研究探讨了肯尼亚是否存在褐斑病病原体(Elsinoë phaseoli)的问题,在肯尼亚,有关这种病原体生物学特性的信息仍然很少。该研究采用了多方面的方法,展示了分离、鉴定和描述蚕豆疮痂病病原体 E. phaseoli 的步骤。田间观察证实了疮痂病的症状,尤其是豆荚的明显病变。采用有针对性的条痕方法,在较老的尖头病斑上分离出蚕豆疮痂病病原体。形态学检查显示,E. phaseoli菌落具有显著的多样性,与该属的特征一致。通过 ITS-rDNA 测序进行的分子鉴定证实,本研究中获得的分离物 AscoSK1 属于相思豆菌,提供了一种可靠的物种区分方法。评估分生孢子的产生需要采用五种不同的培养方法。对 Scheper 等人(2013 年)的方法进行改良后,从间距为 1 厘米的 25 个菌落中产生的分生孢子数量最多,每个直径为 9 厘米的培养皿中的分生孢子产量为 5.0 × 106 个。在室温下将菌落置于黑暗的马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂中预育 28 天后,再将其转移到玉米粉琼脂中在 20°C 下再培养 2 天,分生孢子产量会更高。这强调了培养时间和预培养条件对这一过程的关键影响。这项研究深入揭示了相思豆的生物学特性,并提出了一种改进的方法来提高病原体的体外孢子繁殖,为今后的研究和处理奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Phytophthora species causing root and crown rot on castor bean (Ricinus communis) in Brazil 引起巴西蓖麻根腐病和冠腐病的疫霉种类
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13337
Cléia Santos Cabral, Alessandro Da Costa Freire Gandara, Fabiana Helena Silva Ribeiro Martins, Elenice Alves Barboza, Maurício Rossato, Ailton Reis

Castor bean (Ricinus communis) is a crop of great economic importance in Brazil. It is used for producing oil used in the manufacture of cosmetics and biodiesel. The genus Phytophthora contains pathogens with a wide range of host plants, including ornamentals, fruit and vegetable crops. Among the symptoms induced by Phytophthora species are collar and root rot. This study aimed to identify Phytophthora species causing collar and root rot in castor bean seedlings in the Federal District and test their pathogenicity. Samples of symptomatic plants were collected in four satellite cities in Distrito Federal, Brazil. Fourteen isolates were obtained, and they were initially identified through the morphology of reproductive structures. The isolates were subjected to molecular characterization using phylogeny of the sequences from the ITS region and the Cytochrome Oxidase II gene. Ten isolates of the pathogen were tested for pathogenicity on seedlings of two castor bean accessions and species known to be hosts of P. nicotianae. The isolates were identified as P. nicotianae (12 isolates) and P. palmivora (two isolates). In the pathogenicity test, all isolates were capable of causing disease in castor beans. The isolates of P. nicotianae and P. palmivora varied in pathogenicity to other plant species. This is the first report of P. nicotianae causing collar and root rot in castor bean in the Central-West Region of Brazil. It is also the first report of P. palmivora causing diseases in castor beans in South America.

蓖麻(Ricinus communis)是巴西一种具有重要经济价值的作物。它被用来生产用于制造化妆品和生物柴油的油。Phytophthora 属包含的病原体寄主植物范围很广,包括观赏植物、水果和蔬菜作物。疫霉菌引起的症状包括领腐病和根腐病。本研究旨在确定在联邦区导致蓖麻秧苗出现领腐和根腐病的疫霉菌种,并测试其致病性。研究人员在巴西联邦区的四个卫星城市采集了有症状的植物样本。获得了 14 个分离株,并通过生殖结构的形态进行了初步鉴定。利用 ITS 区域和细胞色素氧化酶 II 基因序列的系统进化对分离物进行了分子鉴定。对 10 个病原体分离物进行了致病性测试,测试对象是两个蓖麻品种的幼苗,以及已知为烟碱蓖麻菌宿主的物种。经鉴定,这些分离物分别为尼古丁 P.(12 个分离物)和棕榈 P.(2 个分离物)。在致病性试验中,所有分离物都能导致蓖麻发病。P. nicotianae 和 P. palmivora 分离物对其他植物物种的致病性各不相同。这是首次报道 P. nicotianae 在巴西中西部地区引起蓖麻领腐病和根腐病。这也是 P. palmivora 在南美洲引起蓖麻病害的首次报道。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TV-17C as a potential biocontrol agent for controlling postharvest Penicillium digitatum on orange 评估淀粉芽孢杆菌 TV-17C 作为一种潜在的生物控制剂对柑橘采后青霉的控制作用
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13345
Meltem Avan, Eslam Mohamed Albastawisi, Yağmur Doğa Levent, Sevgi İşlek, Recep Kotan

Postharvest diseases in fruits result in significant losses in the agricultural sector. Among these, green mould, caused by Penicillium digitatum, poses a considerable threat to citrus fruits. This study evaluated the potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain TV-17C as a biological control agent for managing green mould in oranges. Various concentrations of TV-17C in aqueous suspension were applied to naturally infected orange fruits in the packinghouse at two locations (Hatay and Mersin provinces), while the chemical fungicide fludioxonil 230 SC served as a positive control. The application of B. amyloliquefaciens TV-17C at the dosage of 250 mL 100 L−1 reduced green mould incidence by 90.3% and 89.8% in Hatay and Mersin provinces, respectively. Similarly, fludioxonil 230 SC displayed an efficacy of 91.4% in reducing disease incidence. In summary, this study underscores the potential of B. amyloliquefaciens TV-17C as an efficient biocontrol agent against green mould in oranges. Moreover, a positive correlation between higher concentrations and enhanced efficacy was evident. These findings hold promise for the adoption of sustainable disease management practices in the postharvest citrus industry.

水果采后病害给农业部门造成重大损失。其中,由青霉(Penicillium digitatum)引起的绿霉病对柑橘类水果构成了相当大的威胁。本研究评估了淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)菌株 TV-17C 作为生物防治剂防治柑橘绿霉病的潜力。在两个地点(哈塔伊省和梅尔辛省)的包装车间,将不同浓度的 TV-17C 水悬浮液施用到自然感染的橘子果实上,同时将化学杀菌剂氟啶氧菌酯 230 SC 作为阳性对照。在哈塔伊省和梅尔辛省,以 250 mL 100 L-1 的剂量施用淀粉芽孢杆菌 TV-17C 后,绿色霉菌发病率分别降低了 90.3% 和 89.8%。同样,氟啶虫酰胺 230 SC 在降低病害发生率方面的功效为 91.4%。总之,本研究强调了淀粉芽孢杆菌 TV-17C 作为一种高效生物防治剂防治柑橘绿霉病的潜力。此外,浓度越高,药效越强,两者之间存在明显的正相关关系。这些发现为柑橘采后行业采用可持续的病害管理方法带来了希望。
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引用次数: 0
Efficacy assessment of different insecticides for control of whitefly against tomato leaf curl disease 不同杀虫剂防治番茄卷叶粉虱的药效评估
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13340
Someshree Mane, Pravin Khaire, Ashwini Kumar, Tanaji Narute

The impact of eight pesticides on the transmission of Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) by the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius to tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum (Miller), was studied in the field using a randomized block design. Differences in performance were anticipated because these eight insecticides comprise distinct mechanism of action including both contact and systemic. Increased insecticide efficacy is necessary, particularly in regions with conducive weather conditions that support a healthy whitefly population, to effectively manage the population. There is a need to vary the insecticides used in order to reduce the emergence of resistance in the whitefly population due to the extensive usage of a single mechanism of action for whitefly control. The foliar spray of insecticides was done when first incidence of whitefly was noticed in the field with 15 days of interval. The studies on effect of different insecticides in the management of ToLCV disease through the controlling whitefly population, we evaluated that Chlorantraniliprole 8.8% + Thiomethaxam 17.5% SC was effective in sustaining the yield by reducing the incidence of disease and whitefly population during both the years followed by Spirotetramat 11.01% + Imidacloprid 11.01% SC, Thiamethoxam 12.6% + Lambda cyhalothrin 9.5% ZC and Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD, respectively.

采用随机区组设计,在田间研究了八种杀虫剂对粉虱(Bemisia tabaci Gennadius)传播番茄卷叶病毒(ToLCV)的影响。由于这八种杀虫剂具有不同的作用机理,包括接触性和系统性作用,因此预计它们的性能会有所不同。为了有效管理粉虱种群,必须提高杀虫剂的效力,特别是在气候条件有利、粉虱种群健康的地区。由于广泛使用单一作用机制来控制粉虱,有必要改变杀虫剂的使用,以减少粉虱群体中抗药性的出现。当发现田间首次出现粉虱时,就开始叶面喷洒杀虫剂,间隔时间为 15 天。在研究不同杀虫剂通过控制粉虱数量来防治 ToLCV 病害的效果时,我们评估了 Chlorantraniliprole 8.8% + Thiomethaxam 17.5% SC 在这两年中通过减少病害发生率和粉虱数量有效地保持了产量,其次分别是 Spirotetramat 11.01% + Imidacloprid 11.01% SC、Thiamethoxam 12.6% + Lambda cyhalothrin 9.5% ZC 和 Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD。
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引用次数: 0
Strategy to identify common beans with resistance to white mould for dry-irrigated areas: Additional evidence 为干旱灌溉地区确定具有抗白霉菌能力的普通豆类的战略:补充证据
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13335
Pablo H. Teixeira, Renan C. Lima, Trazilbo J. Paula Jr., José Eustáquio S. Carneiro, Heder Braun, Júlia E. A. Silva, Rogério F. Vieira

In a previous study, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes were selected in the field for reactions to white mould (WM), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. These genotypes, along with the resistant control A195, were then evaluated in both field and greenhouse (straw test) conditions. The results showed that field trials effectively identified high-yielding WM-resistant genotypes for dry-irrigated conditions. Here we challenge the results of this study with new data and methodology by conducting six sprinkler-irrigated trials from 2015 to 2017 with five genotype groups (G). Three groups comprised genotypes previously studied: G1, seven partially resistant; G4, two intermediately resistant; and G5, three susceptible. G2 consisted of four lines selected for partial resistance in the current study. The resistant control group, G3, comprised the genotypes A195, G122, Cornell605, and Ouro Branco. WM was absent (one trial), or pressure was either low/moderate (two trials) or moderate/high (three trials). The average seed yield ranged from 2207 (G3) to 3178 kg/ha (G1). The contrast G1, G2 versus G3 was nonsignificant for incidence and severity index, indicating that genotypes selected for resistance in the field were as resistant as the resistant control genotypes. Additionally, the groups selected for resistance yielded 43% more and produced 33% less sclerotia weight compared with the control group. Our results reinforce the effectiveness of selecting WM-resistant genotypes using beans originally bred for purposes other than WM-resistance, specifically targeting dry-irrigated areas. Furthermore, our results suggest that the use of genotypes selected for partial resistance reduces inoculum levels in the soil.

在之前的一项研究中,在田间筛选出了蚕豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)的基因型,以确定其对由硬核菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)引起的白霉(WM)的反应。然后在田间和温室(稻草试验)条件下对这些基因型以及抗性对照 A195 进行了评估。结果表明,田间试验有效地确定了干旱灌溉条件下抗性 WM 的高产基因型。在此,我们采用新的数据和方法,在 2015 年至 2017 年期间进行了六次喷灌试验,其中有五个基因型组(G),从而对这项研究的结果提出了质疑。其中三组由之前研究过的基因型组成:G1 组有七个部分抗性基因型;G4 组有两个中间抗性基因型;G5 组有三个易感基因型。G2 包括在本次研究中选育出的四个具有部分抗性的品系。抗性对照组 G3 包括基因型 A195、G122、Cornell605 和 Ouro Branco。没有 WM(一项试验),或压力为低/中(两项试验)或中/高(三项试验)。平均种子产量从 2207 公斤/公顷(G3)到 3178 公斤/公顷(G1)不等。在发病率和严重性指数方面,G1、G2 与 G3 的对比不显著,这表明在田间选育的抗性基因型与抗性对照基因型一样具有抗性。此外,与对照组相比,抗性选育组的产量提高了 43%,产生的硬菌重量减少了 33%。我们的研究结果进一步证明,利用最初为抗 WM 以外的目的培育的豆类,特别是针对干旱灌溉地区,选择抗 WM 基因型是有效的。此外,我们的研究结果表明,使用为部分抗性而选育的基因型可降低土壤中的病菌数量。
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引用次数: 0
Efficiency of inoculation methods for the assessment of bacterial halo blight in coffee seedlings 评估咖啡幼苗细菌性晕疫病的接种方法的效率
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13336
J. M. Oliveira, E. A. Pozza, L. L. Belan, M. L. O. Freitas, V. M. Tedardi

Bacterial halo blight (BHB), caused by Pseudomonas coronafaciens pv. garcae (Pcg), is one of the most significant diseases affecting coffee trees worldwide, resulting in considerable damage and notable losses within coffee production systems. Further research into the epidemiology and aetiology of BHB in coffee plants is essential for developing effective management strategies. Understanding the efficiency of each inoculation methodology in inducing symptoms is crucial for advancing this research. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the efficiency of seven Pcg inoculation methods using five concentrations to enhance the highest BHB intensity. The experimental design was a complete randomized block design in a factorial (7 × 5) variance analysis with four replications. The first three pairs of leaves of coffee seedlings of the cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC-99 were inoculated and evaluated for the incidence and severity of BHB. The inoculation methods of Pcg by injury provided higher BHB AUDPCI and AUDPCS values. Among these, the inoculum injection and multi-needle wounding at inoculum concentrations of 1.6 × 109 CFU mL−1 demonstrated higher disease intensity.

由 Pseudomonas coronafaciens pv. garcae(Pcg)引起的细菌性晕疫病(BHB)是影响全球咖啡树的最主要病害之一,在咖啡生产系统中造成了相当大的破坏和显著的损失。要制定有效的管理策略,就必须进一步研究咖啡植物中 BHB 的流行病学和病原学。了解每种接种方法在诱发症状方面的效率对于推进这项研究至关重要。因此,本研究旨在评估使用五种浓度的七种 Pcg 接种方法的效率,以提高最高的 BHB 强度。实验设计为完全随机区组设计,采用因子(7 × 5)方差分析,四次重复。接种了 Catuaí Vermelho IAC-99 栽培品种咖啡幼苗的前三对叶片,并对 BHB 的发生率和严重程度进行了评估。通过损伤接种 Pcg 的方法可获得较高的 BHB AUDPCI 和 AUDPCS 值。其中,接种体浓度为 1.6 × 109 CFU mL-1 的接种体注射和多针刺伤的病害强度更高。
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引用次数: 0
Pythium tracheiphilum causing leaf rot and wilting in lettuce in Brasília-DF, Brazil Pythium tracheiphilum 在巴西 Brasília-DF 导致莴苣叶片腐烂和枯萎
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13334
Elenice Alves Barboza, Luiz Henrique Rocha Lopes, Carmen Lidia Amorim Pires-Zottarelli, Cléia Santos Cabral, Willie Anderson dos Santos Vieira, Maurício Rossato, Fabiana Helena Silva Ribeiro, Ailton Reis

Pythium tracheiphilum is a narrow host range oomycete first described infecting lettuce in Italy. Subsequently, the pathogen was reported in many other countries. From 2015 to 2019, Pythium isolates were recovered from lettuce plants with symptoms of leaf rot, wilting and vascular necrosis, collected from commercial fields in different rural localities of Brasilia-DF, Brazil. The isolates were identified as P. tracheiphilum based on morphological and molecular genetic analysis. Pathogenicity tests conducted with four P. tracheiphilum isolates confirmed that the isolates were pathogenic to detached leaves of a loose-hearted lettuce cultivar. This is the first report of P. tracheiphilum infecting lettuces in Brazil.

Pythium tracheiphilum 是一种寄主范围很窄的卵菌,最早出现在意大利的莴苣上。随后,许多其他国家也报道了这种病原体。2015 年至 2019 年期间,从巴西巴西利亚联邦区(Brasilia-DF)不同农村地区的商品田中采集到的具有叶片腐烂、枯萎和维管束坏死症状的莴苣植株中回收了腐霉菌分离株。根据形态学和分子遗传学分析,这些分离物被鉴定为 P. tracheiphilum。对 4 个 P. tracheiphilum 分离物进行的致病性试验证实,这些分离物对松心莴苣品种的脱落叶片具有致病性。这是巴西首次报道 P. tracheiphilum 感染莴苣。
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引用次数: 0
Diversity in the growth response of isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans to different essential oils Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans 分离物对不同精油的生长反应的多样性
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13332
Stepan Helmer, Matej Panek

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans (FOC) causes yellow wilt, a serious cabbage disease. This fungal species is composed of many strains within two pathotypes. In this study, the inhibitory effect of essential oils of six aromatic and medicinal plants (oregano, thyme, clove, cinnamon, lemongrass, litsea) at multiple concentrations on eight FOC isolates of different origins was investigated. Our results showed that oregano essential oil had the greatest inhibitory effect. The tested essential oils could be divided into three clusters according to the similar content of their main components (oregano and thyme, clove and cinnamon, lemongrass, and litsea), which correlated to some extent with their inhibitory effects on FOC. The tested isolates also differed in their response to the studied essential oils. The differences within FOC races were more important than between races, and the sensitivity of isolates against essential oils seemed to be more related to the geographical origin of the isolates, rather than to their race affiliation.

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. conglutinans(FOC)会引起黄萎病,这是一种严重的甘蓝病害。这种真菌由两种病型中的许多菌株组成。本研究调查了六种芳香药用植物(牛至、百里香、丁香、肉桂、柠檬草、石蒜)的精油在多种浓度下对八种不同来源的 FOC 分离物的抑制作用。结果表明,牛至精油的抑制作用最大。根据主要成分(牛至和百里香、丁香和肉桂、柠檬草和石莲花)含量的相似性,可将受测精油分为三组,这在一定程度上与它们对 FOC 的抑制作用相关。被测试的分离物对所研究的精油的反应也不尽相同。FOC 种族内部的差异比种族之间的差异更重要,分离物对精油的敏感性似乎更多地与分离物的地理来源有关,而不是与其种族归属有关。
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引用次数: 0
Viral complexity of tomatoes yellow mosaic and leaf curl diseases in lowland and highland areas 低地和高地番茄黄镶嵌病和卷叶病的病毒复杂性
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13326
Rudy Hermanto, Rudi Hari Murti, Sedyo Hartono, Azis Purwantoro, Arman Wijonarko,  Mulyantoro, Hartinio Natalia Nahampun, Ahmad Afifuddin

Yellow mosaic and leaf curl diseases caused by whitefly-transmitted begomo virus genera are important problems in tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) production in Indonesia, particularly on Java Island. The aims of this survey are to assess the percentages of disease incidence (DI) and disease severity index (DSI), evaluate the spread and complexity of begomovirus and crinivirus infections responsible for yellow mosaic and leaf curl diseases in tomato plants, and identify the species of whitefly insect vectors and their cryptic biotypes in tomato production centers located on Java Island, Indonesia. A total of 43 locations in East, Central, and West Java were surveyed during the dry season from July 2022 to September 2022. Disease incidence and severity were determined by observing 200 samples of tomato plants from five points at each location, with 40 plants per point of land. A total of 116 whitefly samples in microtubes and 215 symptomatic leaf samples were collected. The genus begomovirus and crinivirus infecting tomato were identified by PCR and RT-PCR using genus-specific primers. Similarly, whitefly species and their cryptic biotypes were identified by PCR using MCoI gene-specific primers. Results showed that DI and DSI remarkably differed between the lowlands (66%–89%) and highlands (33%–62%) in the provinces of Central Java and West Java. Furthermore, PCR analysis of 215 infected tomato showing the symptoms of yellow mosaic and curly leaf revealed that three begomoviruses, one crinivirus and their mixed combination both begomoviruses, one crinivirus has been detected in all the samples. Similarly, the whitefly insect vector Bemisia tabaci biotype Q was identified in all areas, whereas Trialeurodes vaporariorum was found only in the East Java and Java highlands, respectively.

由粉虱传播的乞乞科莫病毒属引起的黄镶嵌病和卷叶病是印度尼西亚番茄(Solanum lycopersicon L.)生产中的重要问题,尤其是在爪哇岛。本次调查的目的是评估番茄植株上的病害发生率(DI)和病害严重程度指数(DSI),评估番茄植株上由乞蛾病毒和卷叶病毒感染引起的黄花叶病的传播情况和复杂程度,并鉴定位于印度尼西亚爪哇岛的番茄生产中心的粉虱昆虫载体种类及其隐性生物型。在 2022 年 7 月至 2022 年 9 月的旱季期间,对爪哇岛东部、中部和西部共 43 个地点进行了调查。通过观察每个地点五个点的 200 株番茄植株样本(每个点 40 株)来确定病害发生率和严重程度。共收集了 116 份微管中的粉虱样本和 215 份有症状的叶片样本。使用属特异引物,通过 PCR 和 RT-PCR 鉴定了感染番茄的喙螨病毒属和喙螨病毒属。同样,利用 MCoI 基因特异性引物通过 PCR 鉴定了粉虱种类及其隐性生物型。结果表明,在中爪哇省和西爪哇省,低地(66%-89%)和高地(33%-62%)的 DI 和 DSI 显著不同。此外,对 215 个表现出黄镶嵌和卷曲叶症状的受感染番茄进行的 PCR 分析表明,在所有样本中都检测到了三种乞猴病毒、一种卷曲病毒以及两种乞猴病毒和一种卷曲病毒的混合组合。同样,在所有地区都发现了粉虱昆虫媒介 Bemisia tabaci biotype Q,而 Trialeurodes vaporariorum 只分别在东爪哇和爪哇高地发现。
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引用次数: 0
Combined application of resistance inducer and Trichoderma control two tobacco soil-borne diseases by regulating the field soil microbial composition 抗性诱导剂和毛霉的联合应用通过调节田间土壤微生物组成控制两种烟草土传病害
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-09 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13333
Xianren Xia, Quanzhen Wang, Kai Guo, GuoQin Yuan, Tao Deng, Zhenyu Zhao, Qichao Guo, Kai Wu, Biao Chen, Yihong Pan

Tobacco black shank (TBS) and tobacco root black rot (TRBR) are two of the most devastating tobacco soil-borne diseases that threaten sustainable tobacco planting. This study investigated the effects of Trichoderma sp. and a resistance inducer (RI) extracted from traditional Chinese medicine, individually or in combination, on the control of TBS and TRBR. The results showed that the application of Trichoderma sp. and RI, individually or in combination, significantly controlled the two soil-borne diseases by significantly affecting the bacterial, but not fungal, Shannon and Simpson diversity indexes. The disease indexes of TBS and TRBR in integrated application management were the lowest, resulting in the highest potassium contents in the tobacco leaves. The control efficacies of TBS and TRBR in the integrated application treatment were 71.52 ± 1.43% and 68.33 ± 0.69%, respectively. The integrated treatment altered the composition of the rhizosphere soil microbial community. The bacterial community, but not the fungal community, of the control treatment was separated from those of other treatments. The relative abundance of bacteria involved in chemoheterotrophy and fermentation in the control treatment increased, whereas that of bacteria involved in nitrification and aerobic ammonia oxidation decreased compared with the other treatments. Importantly, the application of Trichoderma sp. and RI, individually or in combination, clearly increased the relative abundance of saprotrophic fungi in contrast to the control treatment, while decreasing that of pathotrophic fungi. Our study suggests that a suitable integrated application of bioagents and RI has synergistic effects on the suppression of two tobacco soil-borne diseases by altering the rhizosphere microbiome composition in the field.

烟草黑柄病(TBS)和烟草根黑腐病(TRBR)是威胁烟草可持续种植的两种最具破坏性的烟草土传病害。本研究探讨了单独或联合使用毛霉和从中药中提取的抗性诱导剂(RI)对烟草黑柄病和烟草根黑腐病的防治效果。结果表明,单独或联合施用毛霉和抗性诱导剂可显著控制这两种土传病害,对细菌(而非真菌)的香农(Shannon)和辛普森(Simpson)多样性指数有明显影响。在综合施药管理中,TBS 和 TRBR 的病害指数最低,因此烟叶中的钾含量最高。在综合施药处理中,TBS 和 TRBR 的防治效果分别为 71.52 ± 1.43% 和 68.33 ± 0.69%。综合处理改变了根圈土壤微生物群落的组成。对照处理的细菌群落与其他处理的细菌群落分开,但真菌群落没有分开。与其他处理相比,对照处理中参与化合营养和发酵的细菌相对丰度增加,而参与硝化和需氧氨氧化的细菌相对丰度减少。重要的是,与对照处理相比,单独或联合施用毛霉和 RI 明显增加了嗜根真菌的相对丰度,而减少了嗜病真菌的相对丰度。我们的研究表明,适当综合应用生物制剂和 RI 可通过改变田间根瘤微生物组的组成,对抑制两种烟草土传病害产生协同效应。
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Journal of Phytopathology
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