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Reduction of cassava mosaic geminiviruses from infected stem cuttings using salicylic acid, hydrogen peroxide and hot water treatment 使用水杨酸、过氧化氢和热水处理法减少受感染茎插条上的木薯花叶病毒
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13347
Mercy W. Kung'u, Evans N. Nyaboga, Chrissie Rey

Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) causes significant losses in cassava production in Africa. The disease is caused by several cassava mosaic geminiviruses (CMGs) and spread through the use of infected plant materials. The infected plants remain infected throughout their vegetative lifecycle as the disease cannot be controlled by standard plant protection measures. Therefore, it is important to develop inexpensive field-based methods that can be easily adopted by small-scale farmers to sanitize geminiviruses-infected stem cuttings used as planting material. This study aimed at eliminating CMGs from infected cassava stem cuttings by use of salicylic acid (SA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hot water (HW) treatments. Eight varieties of CMD-infected stem cuttings were pretreated with SA (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mM), H2O2 (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) or hot water (50 and 55°C) at different exposure times before establishment in the glasshouse for evaluation of subsequent plant growth and geminivirus detection. Based on the cassava varieties used for the different treatments, treatment with hot water at 50°C for 5 min and 1.0% H2O2 for 12 h were the most effective in eliminating CMGs with an efficiency of 81.7% and 77.8%, respectively. Salicylic acid at a concentration of 5 mM for 6 h eliminated the viruses in 65.1% of the cuttings. The methods tested herein have the potential for producing planting materials with significantly reduced CMD risk for smallholder farmers and the cassava industry to meet their increasing demand. It could also contribute to the global exchange of germplasm for conservation and breeding programs.

木薯马赛克病(CMD)给非洲的木薯生产造成重大损失。该病由几种木薯花叶病毒(CMG)引起,通过使用受感染的植物材料传播。由于标准的植物保护措施无法控制这种疾病,受感染的植物在其整个无性生殖周期中都会受到感染。因此,重要的是要开发成本低廉的田间方法,使小规模农户能够轻松采用这些方法来消毒受 geminiviruses 感染的用作种植材料的茎插条。本研究旨在通过使用水杨酸(SA)、过氧化氢(H2O2)和热水(HW)处理,消除受感染木薯茎插条中的 CMGs。八个受 CMD 感染的木薯茎插条在玻璃温室中插植之前,分别用水杨酸(1.25、2.5 和 5 mM)、过氧化氢(0.5%、1.0% 和 1.5%)或热水(50 和 55°C)在不同的暴露时间下进行预处理,以评估随后的植物生长和 geminivirus 检测情况。根据用于不同处理的木薯品种,50°C 热水处理 5 分钟和 1.0% H2O2 处理 12 小时对消除 CMGs 最有效,效率分别为 81.7% 和 77.8%。浓度为 5 mM 的水杨酸持续 6 小时可消除 65.1% 插条上的病毒。本文测试的方法有可能为小农户和木薯产业生产出显著降低 CMD 风险的种植材料,以满足他们日益增长的需求。它还能促进全球种质资源交流,用于保护和育种计划。
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引用次数: 0
Insights into the identity and infectivity of the fungi causing Cercospora leaf spots on two ornamental aroids in Brazil 对引起巴西两种观赏性箭毒树叶斑病的真菌特征和传染性的深入研究
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-24 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13346
Caio Mattos Pereira, Eduardo Côrtes de Araujo Furtado, Robert Weingart Barreto

Two members of the Araceae broadly cultivated as ornamentals, namely Epipremnum aureum (common name golden pothos or, in Brazil, jiboia) and Zantedeschia aethiopica (common name arum lily or, in Brazil, copo-de-leite), were observed bearing Cercospora leaf spots. The former is a very common garden plant, whereas the latter is an important crop for the flower industry. An examination of the fungus associated with the disease on each plant revealed a very similar morphology which suggested that those might be conspecific. A polyphasic taxonomic study, including phylogenetic analyses based on act, cal and his3 sequences, was conducted. Both isolates from the two aroids were found to belong to the Cercospora apii complex, but were genetically distinct. Cercospora sp. Q was identified as the etiological agent of the leaf spots on E. aureum, whereas the fungus on Z. aethiopica was found to belong to Cercospora sp. G. Inoculations confirmed the pathogenicity of both isolates to their original hosts, and cross-pathogenicity assessments revealed that both isolates were capable of infecting both E. aureum and Z. aethiopica. The limited morphological and pathological distinction between the fungi on these two hosts reflects the continued difficulty in the taxonomic treatment and species delimitation for Cercospora sp. G, Cercospora sp. Q, as well as other provisional code-based Cercospora spp., and other components of the broad C. apii s. lat. complex. The name Cercospora richardiicola (as C. richardiaecola) was mistakenly used for the fungus on Z. aethiopica in earlier publications and this has been corrected herein.

观察到两种被广泛栽培为观赏植物的天南星科植物,即 Epipremnum aureum(俗名金蒲桃或巴西的 jiboia)和 Zantedeschia aethiopica(俗名旱金莲或巴西的 copo-de-leite),带有 Cercospora 叶斑。前者是一种非常常见的园林植物,而后者则是花卉业的重要作物。对每种植物上与病害相关的真菌进行检查后发现,它们的形态非常相似,这表明它们可能是同种真菌。研究人员进行了多相分类研究,包括基于 act、cal 和 his3 序列的系统发育分析。结果发现,这两种植物的分离物都属于 Cercospora apii 复合物,但在基因上是不同的。Cercospora sp.接种证实了这两种分离物对其原宿主的致病性,交叉致病性评估显示这两种分离物都能感染金叶女贞和泽兰。这两种寄主上的真菌在形态和病理上的区别有限,这反映出在对 Cercospora sp.Q 以及其他临时编码的 Cercospora 属真菌和广义 C. apii s. lat.在以前的出版物中,Z. aethiopica 上的真菌错误地使用了 Cercospora richardiicola(作为 C. richardiaecola)这一名称,本文对此进行了更正。
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引用次数: 0
Sensitivity of Hevea brasiliensis clones to isolates representing distinct races of the Corynespora cassiicola pathogen 巴西红豆杉(Hevea brasiliensis)克隆对代表 Corynespora cassiicola 病原体不同种族的分离物的敏感性
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13342
Mitha Justine, Gincy P. Thottathil, Li Ying Chang, Xin Jie Lui, Urwashi Pushpak Kamerkar, Kumar Sudesh

Corynespora leaf fall disease caused by the fungus Corynespora cassiicola is a major leaf disease of Hevea brasiliensis, the commercial source of natural rubber. Different clones of H. brasiliensis show varying levels of sensitivity towards different strains of C. cassiicola. The genetic mechanism behind the differential sensitivity of H. brasiliensis clones has to be identified in order to develop clones resistant to wider range of C. cassiicola strains. The available information on the sensitivity of H. brasiliensis clones is based on the observation of natural infection or infection of detached leaves. In the present study, the sensitivity of seven H. brasiliensis clones towards two strains of C. cassiicola belonging to two different races was determined using a more precise method by artificial infection of the plants under controlled conditions. Strain CLN 16 was found to be more virulent compared with CSB 16, as it induced more severe symptoms in a shorter period. Among the four different stages of leaves, Stage II leaves with copper brown to apple green colour showed higher sensitivity to both strains followed by Stage III leaves with apple green appearance. Among the clones, RRIM 600 had a higher susceptibility towards CSB 16; however, it was the most resistant clone towards CLN 16. Clone PB 350 showed the highest susceptibility towards CLN 16 whereas RRIM 928 showed the highest resistance towards CSB 16. The present study provides a platform for further studies leading to the development of H. brasiliensis clones with resistance towards wider range of C. cassiicola strains.

由真菌 Corynespora cassiicola 引起的 Corynespora 落叶病是巴西橡胶树(天然橡胶的商业来源)的一种主要叶病。不同的 H. brasiliensis 克隆对不同的 C. cassiicola 菌株表现出不同程度的敏感性。必须确定 H. brasiliensis 克隆不同敏感性背后的遗传机制,以便开发出能抵抗更多 C. cassiicola 菌株的克隆。现有的关于 H. brasiliensis 克隆敏感性的信息都是基于对自然感染或分离叶片感染的观察。在本研究中,采用了一种更精确的方法,在受控条件下对植物进行人工感染,从而确定了七种 H. brasiliensis 克隆对属于两个不同种族的两种 C. cassiicola 菌株的敏感性。与 CSB 16 株系相比,CLN 16 株系的毒力更强,因为它能在更短的时间内诱发更严重的症状。在四个不同阶段的叶片中,铜棕色至苹果绿色的第二阶段叶片对这两种菌株的敏感性较高,其次是苹果绿色的第三阶段叶片。在克隆中,RRIM 600 对 CSB 16 的敏感性较高,但对 CLN 16 的抗性最强。克隆 PB 350 对 CLN 16 的敏感性最高,而 RRIM 928 对 CSB 16 的抗性最高。本研究为进一步研究开发对更多 C. cassiicola 菌株具有抗性的 H. brasiliensis 克隆提供了一个平台。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of Elsinoë phaseoli causing bean scab in Kenya and evaluation of sporulation using five adapted techniques 鉴定肯尼亚导致豆疮痂病的 Elsinoë phaseoli,并使用五种适应技术对孢子进行评估
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13343
Y. O. Masheti, J. W. Muthomi, W. M. Muiru, E. E. Arunga, P. Gepts

This research addresses the presence of Elsinoë phaseoli in Kenya, where information on the biology of this pathogen remains scarce. Employing a multifaceted approach, the study demonstrates the steps taken to isolate, identify, and characterize E. phaseoli as the pathogen responsible for scab on common bean. Field observations confirmed scab symptoms, particularly the prominent pod lesions. Elsinoë phaseoli was isolated from common bean using a targeted streaking method on older acervulus-bearing lesions. Morphological examinations revealed a notable diversity within E. phaseoli colonies, consistent with the characteristics of the genus. Molecular identification through ITS-rDNA sequencing confirmed isolate AscoSK1 obtained in this study as belonging to E. phaseoli, offering a robust species differentiation method. Assessing conidium production required the implementation of five different culture methods. An adaptation of the Scheper et al. (2013) method yielded the highest quantity of conidia from 25 colonies spaced at 1 cm apart, with a conidial yield of 5.0 × 106 conidia per 9-cm-diameter Petri dish. A higher conidial yield was attained after the colonies were pre-incubated on potato dextrose agar in the dark at room temperature for 28 days, followed by a transfer to corn meal agar for an additional 2 days at 20°C. This emphasizes the pivotal influence of incubation duration and pre-culture conditions on the process. This research provides insights into the biology of E. phaseoli and introduces an improved method for enhancing in vitro sporulation of the pathogen, setting groundwork for future research and handling.

这项研究探讨了肯尼亚是否存在褐斑病病原体(Elsinoë phaseoli)的问题,在肯尼亚,有关这种病原体生物学特性的信息仍然很少。该研究采用了多方面的方法,展示了分离、鉴定和描述蚕豆疮痂病病原体 E. phaseoli 的步骤。田间观察证实了疮痂病的症状,尤其是豆荚的明显病变。采用有针对性的条痕方法,在较老的尖头病斑上分离出蚕豆疮痂病病原体。形态学检查显示,E. phaseoli菌落具有显著的多样性,与该属的特征一致。通过 ITS-rDNA 测序进行的分子鉴定证实,本研究中获得的分离物 AscoSK1 属于相思豆菌,提供了一种可靠的物种区分方法。评估分生孢子的产生需要采用五种不同的培养方法。对 Scheper 等人(2013 年)的方法进行改良后,从间距为 1 厘米的 25 个菌落中产生的分生孢子数量最多,每个直径为 9 厘米的培养皿中的分生孢子产量为 5.0 × 106 个。在室温下将菌落置于黑暗的马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂中预育 28 天后,再将其转移到玉米粉琼脂中在 20°C 下再培养 2 天,分生孢子产量会更高。这强调了培养时间和预培养条件对这一过程的关键影响。这项研究深入揭示了相思豆的生物学特性,并提出了一种改进的方法来提高病原体的体外孢子繁殖,为今后的研究和处理奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Phytophthora species causing root and crown rot on castor bean (Ricinus communis) in Brazil 引起巴西蓖麻根腐病和冠腐病的疫霉种类
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13337
Cléia Santos Cabral, Alessandro Da Costa Freire Gandara, Fabiana Helena Silva Ribeiro Martins, Elenice Alves Barboza, Maurício Rossato, Ailton Reis

Castor bean (Ricinus communis) is a crop of great economic importance in Brazil. It is used for producing oil used in the manufacture of cosmetics and biodiesel. The genus Phytophthora contains pathogens with a wide range of host plants, including ornamentals, fruit and vegetable crops. Among the symptoms induced by Phytophthora species are collar and root rot. This study aimed to identify Phytophthora species causing collar and root rot in castor bean seedlings in the Federal District and test their pathogenicity. Samples of symptomatic plants were collected in four satellite cities in Distrito Federal, Brazil. Fourteen isolates were obtained, and they were initially identified through the morphology of reproductive structures. The isolates were subjected to molecular characterization using phylogeny of the sequences from the ITS region and the Cytochrome Oxidase II gene. Ten isolates of the pathogen were tested for pathogenicity on seedlings of two castor bean accessions and species known to be hosts of P. nicotianae. The isolates were identified as P. nicotianae (12 isolates) and P. palmivora (two isolates). In the pathogenicity test, all isolates were capable of causing disease in castor beans. The isolates of P. nicotianae and P. palmivora varied in pathogenicity to other plant species. This is the first report of P. nicotianae causing collar and root rot in castor bean in the Central-West Region of Brazil. It is also the first report of P. palmivora causing diseases in castor beans in South America.

蓖麻(Ricinus communis)是巴西一种具有重要经济价值的作物。它被用来生产用于制造化妆品和生物柴油的油。Phytophthora 属包含的病原体寄主植物范围很广,包括观赏植物、水果和蔬菜作物。疫霉菌引起的症状包括领腐病和根腐病。本研究旨在确定在联邦区导致蓖麻秧苗出现领腐和根腐病的疫霉菌种,并测试其致病性。研究人员在巴西联邦区的四个卫星城市采集了有症状的植物样本。获得了 14 个分离株,并通过生殖结构的形态进行了初步鉴定。利用 ITS 区域和细胞色素氧化酶 II 基因序列的系统进化对分离物进行了分子鉴定。对 10 个病原体分离物进行了致病性测试,测试对象是两个蓖麻品种的幼苗,以及已知为烟碱蓖麻菌宿主的物种。经鉴定,这些分离物分别为尼古丁 P.(12 个分离物)和棕榈 P.(2 个分离物)。在致病性试验中,所有分离物都能导致蓖麻发病。P. nicotianae 和 P. palmivora 分离物对其他植物物种的致病性各不相同。这是首次报道 P. nicotianae 在巴西中西部地区引起蓖麻领腐病和根腐病。这也是 P. palmivora 在南美洲引起蓖麻病害的首次报道。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TV-17C as a potential biocontrol agent for controlling postharvest Penicillium digitatum on orange 评估淀粉芽孢杆菌 TV-17C 作为一种潜在的生物控制剂对柑橘采后青霉的控制作用
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13345
Meltem Avan, Eslam Mohamed Albastawisi, Yağmur Doğa Levent, Sevgi İşlek, Recep Kotan

Postharvest diseases in fruits result in significant losses in the agricultural sector. Among these, green mould, caused by Penicillium digitatum, poses a considerable threat to citrus fruits. This study evaluated the potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain TV-17C as a biological control agent for managing green mould in oranges. Various concentrations of TV-17C in aqueous suspension were applied to naturally infected orange fruits in the packinghouse at two locations (Hatay and Mersin provinces), while the chemical fungicide fludioxonil 230 SC served as a positive control. The application of B. amyloliquefaciens TV-17C at the dosage of 250 mL 100 L−1 reduced green mould incidence by 90.3% and 89.8% in Hatay and Mersin provinces, respectively. Similarly, fludioxonil 230 SC displayed an efficacy of 91.4% in reducing disease incidence. In summary, this study underscores the potential of B. amyloliquefaciens TV-17C as an efficient biocontrol agent against green mould in oranges. Moreover, a positive correlation between higher concentrations and enhanced efficacy was evident. These findings hold promise for the adoption of sustainable disease management practices in the postharvest citrus industry.

水果采后病害给农业部门造成重大损失。其中,由青霉(Penicillium digitatum)引起的绿霉病对柑橘类水果构成了相当大的威胁。本研究评估了淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)菌株 TV-17C 作为生物防治剂防治柑橘绿霉病的潜力。在两个地点(哈塔伊省和梅尔辛省)的包装车间,将不同浓度的 TV-17C 水悬浮液施用到自然感染的橘子果实上,同时将化学杀菌剂氟啶氧菌酯 230 SC 作为阳性对照。在哈塔伊省和梅尔辛省,以 250 mL 100 L-1 的剂量施用淀粉芽孢杆菌 TV-17C 后,绿色霉菌发病率分别降低了 90.3% 和 89.8%。同样,氟啶虫酰胺 230 SC 在降低病害发生率方面的功效为 91.4%。总之,本研究强调了淀粉芽孢杆菌 TV-17C 作为一种高效生物防治剂防治柑橘绿霉病的潜力。此外,浓度越高,药效越强,两者之间存在明显的正相关关系。这些发现为柑橘采后行业采用可持续的病害管理方法带来了希望。
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引用次数: 0
Efficacy assessment of different insecticides for control of whitefly against tomato leaf curl disease 不同杀虫剂防治番茄卷叶粉虱的药效评估
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-17 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13340
Someshree Mane, Pravin Khaire, Ashwini Kumar, Tanaji Narute

The impact of eight pesticides on the transmission of Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) by the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius to tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum (Miller), was studied in the field using a randomized block design. Differences in performance were anticipated because these eight insecticides comprise distinct mechanism of action including both contact and systemic. Increased insecticide efficacy is necessary, particularly in regions with conducive weather conditions that support a healthy whitefly population, to effectively manage the population. There is a need to vary the insecticides used in order to reduce the emergence of resistance in the whitefly population due to the extensive usage of a single mechanism of action for whitefly control. The foliar spray of insecticides was done when first incidence of whitefly was noticed in the field with 15 days of interval. The studies on effect of different insecticides in the management of ToLCV disease through the controlling whitefly population, we evaluated that Chlorantraniliprole 8.8% + Thiomethaxam 17.5% SC was effective in sustaining the yield by reducing the incidence of disease and whitefly population during both the years followed by Spirotetramat 11.01% + Imidacloprid 11.01% SC, Thiamethoxam 12.6% + Lambda cyhalothrin 9.5% ZC and Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD, respectively.

采用随机区组设计,在田间研究了八种杀虫剂对粉虱(Bemisia tabaci Gennadius)传播番茄卷叶病毒(ToLCV)的影响。由于这八种杀虫剂具有不同的作用机理,包括接触性和系统性作用,因此预计它们的性能会有所不同。为了有效管理粉虱种群,必须提高杀虫剂的效力,特别是在气候条件有利、粉虱种群健康的地区。由于广泛使用单一作用机制来控制粉虱,有必要改变杀虫剂的使用,以减少粉虱群体中抗药性的出现。当发现田间首次出现粉虱时,就开始叶面喷洒杀虫剂,间隔时间为 15 天。在研究不同杀虫剂通过控制粉虱数量来防治 ToLCV 病害的效果时,我们评估了 Chlorantraniliprole 8.8% + Thiomethaxam 17.5% SC 在这两年中通过减少病害发生率和粉虱数量有效地保持了产量,其次分别是 Spirotetramat 11.01% + Imidacloprid 11.01% SC、Thiamethoxam 12.6% + Lambda cyhalothrin 9.5% ZC 和 Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD。
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引用次数: 0
Strategy to identify common beans with resistance to white mould for dry-irrigated areas: Additional evidence 为干旱灌溉地区确定具有抗白霉菌能力的普通豆类的战略:补充证据
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13335
Pablo H. Teixeira, Renan C. Lima, Trazilbo J. Paula Jr., José Eustáquio S. Carneiro, Heder Braun, Júlia E. A. Silva, Rogério F. Vieira

In a previous study, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes were selected in the field for reactions to white mould (WM), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. These genotypes, along with the resistant control A195, were then evaluated in both field and greenhouse (straw test) conditions. The results showed that field trials effectively identified high-yielding WM-resistant genotypes for dry-irrigated conditions. Here we challenge the results of this study with new data and methodology by conducting six sprinkler-irrigated trials from 2015 to 2017 with five genotype groups (G). Three groups comprised genotypes previously studied: G1, seven partially resistant; G4, two intermediately resistant; and G5, three susceptible. G2 consisted of four lines selected for partial resistance in the current study. The resistant control group, G3, comprised the genotypes A195, G122, Cornell605, and Ouro Branco. WM was absent (one trial), or pressure was either low/moderate (two trials) or moderate/high (three trials). The average seed yield ranged from 2207 (G3) to 3178 kg/ha (G1). The contrast G1, G2 versus G3 was nonsignificant for incidence and severity index, indicating that genotypes selected for resistance in the field were as resistant as the resistant control genotypes. Additionally, the groups selected for resistance yielded 43% more and produced 33% less sclerotia weight compared with the control group. Our results reinforce the effectiveness of selecting WM-resistant genotypes using beans originally bred for purposes other than WM-resistance, specifically targeting dry-irrigated areas. Furthermore, our results suggest that the use of genotypes selected for partial resistance reduces inoculum levels in the soil.

在之前的一项研究中,在田间筛选出了蚕豆(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)的基因型,以确定其对由硬核菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)引起的白霉(WM)的反应。然后在田间和温室(稻草试验)条件下对这些基因型以及抗性对照 A195 进行了评估。结果表明,田间试验有效地确定了干旱灌溉条件下抗性 WM 的高产基因型。在此,我们采用新的数据和方法,在 2015 年至 2017 年期间进行了六次喷灌试验,其中有五个基因型组(G),从而对这项研究的结果提出了质疑。其中三组由之前研究过的基因型组成:G1 组有七个部分抗性基因型;G4 组有两个中间抗性基因型;G5 组有三个易感基因型。G2 包括在本次研究中选育出的四个具有部分抗性的品系。抗性对照组 G3 包括基因型 A195、G122、Cornell605 和 Ouro Branco。没有 WM(一项试验),或压力为低/中(两项试验)或中/高(三项试验)。平均种子产量从 2207 公斤/公顷(G3)到 3178 公斤/公顷(G1)不等。在发病率和严重性指数方面,G1、G2 与 G3 的对比不显著,这表明在田间选育的抗性基因型与抗性对照基因型一样具有抗性。此外,与对照组相比,抗性选育组的产量提高了 43%,产生的硬菌重量减少了 33%。我们的研究结果进一步证明,利用最初为抗 WM 以外的目的培育的豆类,特别是针对干旱灌溉地区,选择抗 WM 基因型是有效的。此外,我们的研究结果表明,使用为部分抗性而选育的基因型可降低土壤中的病菌数量。
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引用次数: 0
Efficiency of inoculation methods for the assessment of bacterial halo blight in coffee seedlings 评估咖啡幼苗细菌性晕疫病的接种方法的效率
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13336
J. M. Oliveira, E. A. Pozza, L. L. Belan, M. L. O. Freitas, V. M. Tedardi

Bacterial halo blight (BHB), caused by Pseudomonas coronafaciens pv. garcae (Pcg), is one of the most significant diseases affecting coffee trees worldwide, resulting in considerable damage and notable losses within coffee production systems. Further research into the epidemiology and aetiology of BHB in coffee plants is essential for developing effective management strategies. Understanding the efficiency of each inoculation methodology in inducing symptoms is crucial for advancing this research. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the efficiency of seven Pcg inoculation methods using five concentrations to enhance the highest BHB intensity. The experimental design was a complete randomized block design in a factorial (7 × 5) variance analysis with four replications. The first three pairs of leaves of coffee seedlings of the cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC-99 were inoculated and evaluated for the incidence and severity of BHB. The inoculation methods of Pcg by injury provided higher BHB AUDPCI and AUDPCS values. Among these, the inoculum injection and multi-needle wounding at inoculum concentrations of 1.6 × 109 CFU mL−1 demonstrated higher disease intensity.

由 Pseudomonas coronafaciens pv. garcae(Pcg)引起的细菌性晕疫病(BHB)是影响全球咖啡树的最主要病害之一,在咖啡生产系统中造成了相当大的破坏和显著的损失。要制定有效的管理策略,就必须进一步研究咖啡植物中 BHB 的流行病学和病原学。了解每种接种方法在诱发症状方面的效率对于推进这项研究至关重要。因此,本研究旨在评估使用五种浓度的七种 Pcg 接种方法的效率,以提高最高的 BHB 强度。实验设计为完全随机区组设计,采用因子(7 × 5)方差分析,四次重复。接种了 Catuaí Vermelho IAC-99 栽培品种咖啡幼苗的前三对叶片,并对 BHB 的发生率和严重程度进行了评估。通过损伤接种 Pcg 的方法可获得较高的 BHB AUDPCI 和 AUDPCS 值。其中,接种体浓度为 1.6 × 109 CFU mL-1 的接种体注射和多针刺伤的病害强度更高。
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引用次数: 0
Pythium tracheiphilum causing leaf rot and wilting in lettuce in Brasília-DF, Brazil Pythium tracheiphilum 在巴西 Brasília-DF 导致莴苣叶片腐烂和枯萎
IF 1.5 4区 农林科学 Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-14 DOI: 10.1111/jph.13334
Elenice Alves Barboza, Luiz Henrique Rocha Lopes, Carmen Lidia Amorim Pires-Zottarelli, Cléia Santos Cabral, Willie Anderson dos Santos Vieira, Maurício Rossato, Fabiana Helena Silva Ribeiro, Ailton Reis

Pythium tracheiphilum is a narrow host range oomycete first described infecting lettuce in Italy. Subsequently, the pathogen was reported in many other countries. From 2015 to 2019, Pythium isolates were recovered from lettuce plants with symptoms of leaf rot, wilting and vascular necrosis, collected from commercial fields in different rural localities of Brasilia-DF, Brazil. The isolates were identified as P. tracheiphilum based on morphological and molecular genetic analysis. Pathogenicity tests conducted with four P. tracheiphilum isolates confirmed that the isolates were pathogenic to detached leaves of a loose-hearted lettuce cultivar. This is the first report of P. tracheiphilum infecting lettuces in Brazil.

Pythium tracheiphilum 是一种寄主范围很窄的卵菌,最早出现在意大利的莴苣上。随后,许多其他国家也报道了这种病原体。2015 年至 2019 年期间,从巴西巴西利亚联邦区(Brasilia-DF)不同农村地区的商品田中采集到的具有叶片腐烂、枯萎和维管束坏死症状的莴苣植株中回收了腐霉菌分离株。根据形态学和分子遗传学分析,这些分离物被鉴定为 P. tracheiphilum。对 4 个 P. tracheiphilum 分离物进行的致病性试验证实,这些分离物对松心莴苣品种的脱落叶片具有致病性。这是巴西首次报道 P. tracheiphilum 感染莴苣。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Phytopathology
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