Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) causes significant losses in cassava production in Africa. The disease is caused by several cassava mosaic geminiviruses (CMGs) and spread through the use of infected plant materials. The infected plants remain infected throughout their vegetative lifecycle as the disease cannot be controlled by standard plant protection measures. Therefore, it is important to develop inexpensive field-based methods that can be easily adopted by small-scale farmers to sanitize geminiviruses-infected stem cuttings used as planting material. This study aimed at eliminating CMGs from infected cassava stem cuttings by use of salicylic acid (SA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hot water (HW) treatments. Eight varieties of CMD-infected stem cuttings were pretreated with SA (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mM), H2O2 (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) or hot water (50 and 55°C) at different exposure times before establishment in the glasshouse for evaluation of subsequent plant growth and geminivirus detection. Based on the cassava varieties used for the different treatments, treatment with hot water at 50°C for 5 min and 1.0% H2O2 for 12 h were the most effective in eliminating CMGs with an efficiency of 81.7% and 77.8%, respectively. Salicylic acid at a concentration of 5 mM for 6 h eliminated the viruses in 65.1% of the cuttings. The methods tested herein have the potential for producing planting materials with significantly reduced CMD risk for smallholder farmers and the cassava industry to meet their increasing demand. It could also contribute to the global exchange of germplasm for conservation and breeding programs.
{"title":"Reduction of cassava mosaic geminiviruses from infected stem cuttings using salicylic acid, hydrogen peroxide and hot water treatment","authors":"Mercy W. Kung'u, Evans N. Nyaboga, Chrissie Rey","doi":"10.1111/jph.13347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.13347","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) causes significant losses in cassava production in Africa. The disease is caused by several cassava mosaic geminiviruses (CMGs) and spread through the use of infected plant materials. The infected plants remain infected throughout their vegetative lifecycle as the disease cannot be controlled by standard plant protection measures. Therefore, it is important to develop inexpensive field-based methods that can be easily adopted by small-scale farmers to sanitize geminiviruses-infected stem cuttings used as planting material. This study aimed at eliminating CMGs from infected cassava stem cuttings by use of salicylic acid (SA), hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and hot water (HW) treatments. Eight varieties of CMD-infected stem cuttings were pretreated with SA (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mM), H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) or hot water (50 and 55°C) at different exposure times before establishment in the glasshouse for evaluation of subsequent plant growth and geminivirus detection. Based on the cassava varieties used for the different treatments, treatment with hot water at 50°C for 5 min and 1.0% H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> for 12 h were the most effective in eliminating CMGs with an efficiency of 81.7% and 77.8%, respectively. Salicylic acid at a concentration of 5 mM for 6 h eliminated the viruses in 65.1% of the cuttings. The methods tested herein have the potential for producing planting materials with significantly reduced CMD risk for smallholder farmers and the cassava industry to meet their increasing demand. It could also contribute to the global exchange of germplasm for conservation and breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jph.13347","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caio Mattos Pereira, Eduardo Côrtes de Araujo Furtado, Robert Weingart Barreto
Two members of the Araceae broadly cultivated as ornamentals, namely Epipremnum aureum (common name golden pothos or, in Brazil, jiboia) and Zantedeschia aethiopica (common name arum lily or, in Brazil, copo-de-leite), were observed bearing Cercospora leaf spots. The former is a very common garden plant, whereas the latter is an important crop for the flower industry. An examination of the fungus associated with the disease on each plant revealed a very similar morphology which suggested that those might be conspecific. A polyphasic taxonomic study, including phylogenetic analyses based on act, cal and his3 sequences, was conducted. Both isolates from the two aroids were found to belong to the Cercospora apii complex, but were genetically distinct. Cercospora sp. Q was identified as the etiological agent of the leaf spots on E. aureum, whereas the fungus on Z. aethiopica was found to belong to Cercospora sp. G. Inoculations confirmed the pathogenicity of both isolates to their original hosts, and cross-pathogenicity assessments revealed that both isolates were capable of infecting both E. aureum and Z. aethiopica. The limited morphological and pathological distinction between the fungi on these two hosts reflects the continued difficulty in the taxonomic treatment and species delimitation for Cercospora sp. G, Cercospora sp. Q, as well as other provisional code-based Cercospora spp., and other components of the broad C. apii s. lat. complex. The name Cercospora richardiicola (as C. richardiaecola) was mistakenly used for the fungus on Z. aethiopica in earlier publications and this has been corrected herein.
{"title":"Insights into the identity and infectivity of the fungi causing Cercospora leaf spots on two ornamental aroids in Brazil","authors":"Caio Mattos Pereira, Eduardo Côrtes de Araujo Furtado, Robert Weingart Barreto","doi":"10.1111/jph.13346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.13346","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Two members of the Araceae broadly cultivated as ornamentals, namely <i>Epipremnum aureum</i> (common name golden pothos or, in Brazil, jiboia) and <i>Zantedeschia aethiopica</i> (common name arum lily or, in Brazil, copo-de-leite), were observed bearing Cercospora leaf spots. The former is a very common garden plant, whereas the latter is an important crop for the flower industry. An examination of the fungus associated with the disease on each plant revealed a very similar morphology which suggested that those might be conspecific. A polyphasic taxonomic study, including phylogenetic analyses based on <i>act</i>, <i>cal</i> and <i>his3</i> sequences, was conducted. Both isolates from the two aroids were found to belong to the <i>Cercospora apii</i> complex, but were genetically distinct. <i>Cercospora</i> sp. Q was identified as the etiological agent of the leaf spots on <i>E. aureum</i>, whereas the fungus on <i>Z. aethiopica</i> was found to belong to <i>Cercospora</i> sp. G. Inoculations confirmed the pathogenicity of both isolates to their original hosts, and cross-pathogenicity assessments revealed that both isolates were capable of infecting both <i>E. aureum</i> and <i>Z. aethiopica</i>. The limited morphological and pathological distinction between the fungi on these two hosts reflects the continued difficulty in the taxonomic treatment and species delimitation for <i>Cercospora</i> sp. G, <i>Cercospora</i> sp. Q, as well as other provisional code-based <i>Cercospora</i> spp., and other components of the broad <i>C. apii s. lat</i>. complex. The name <i>Cercospora richardiicola</i> (as <i>C. richardiaecola</i>) was mistakenly used for the fungus on <i>Z. aethiopica</i> in earlier publications and this has been corrected herein.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141488670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mitha Justine, Gincy P. Thottathil, Li Ying Chang, Xin Jie Lui, Urwashi Pushpak Kamerkar, Kumar Sudesh
Corynespora leaf fall disease caused by the fungus Corynespora cassiicola is a major leaf disease of Hevea brasiliensis, the commercial source of natural rubber. Different clones of H. brasiliensis show varying levels of sensitivity towards different strains of C. cassiicola. The genetic mechanism behind the differential sensitivity of H. brasiliensis clones has to be identified in order to develop clones resistant to wider range of C. cassiicola strains. The available information on the sensitivity of H. brasiliensis clones is based on the observation of natural infection or infection of detached leaves. In the present study, the sensitivity of seven H. brasiliensis clones towards two strains of C. cassiicola belonging to two different races was determined using a more precise method by artificial infection of the plants under controlled conditions. Strain CLN 16 was found to be more virulent compared with CSB 16, as it induced more severe symptoms in a shorter period. Among the four different stages of leaves, Stage II leaves with copper brown to apple green colour showed higher sensitivity to both strains followed by Stage III leaves with apple green appearance. Among the clones, RRIM 600 had a higher susceptibility towards CSB 16; however, it was the most resistant clone towards CLN 16. Clone PB 350 showed the highest susceptibility towards CLN 16 whereas RRIM 928 showed the highest resistance towards CSB 16. The present study provides a platform for further studies leading to the development of H. brasiliensis clones with resistance towards wider range of C. cassiicola strains.
由真菌 Corynespora cassiicola 引起的 Corynespora 落叶病是巴西橡胶树(天然橡胶的商业来源)的一种主要叶病。不同的 H. brasiliensis 克隆对不同的 C. cassiicola 菌株表现出不同程度的敏感性。必须确定 H. brasiliensis 克隆不同敏感性背后的遗传机制,以便开发出能抵抗更多 C. cassiicola 菌株的克隆。现有的关于 H. brasiliensis 克隆敏感性的信息都是基于对自然感染或分离叶片感染的观察。在本研究中,采用了一种更精确的方法,在受控条件下对植物进行人工感染,从而确定了七种 H. brasiliensis 克隆对属于两个不同种族的两种 C. cassiicola 菌株的敏感性。与 CSB 16 株系相比,CLN 16 株系的毒力更强,因为它能在更短的时间内诱发更严重的症状。在四个不同阶段的叶片中,铜棕色至苹果绿色的第二阶段叶片对这两种菌株的敏感性较高,其次是苹果绿色的第三阶段叶片。在克隆中,RRIM 600 对 CSB 16 的敏感性较高,但对 CLN 16 的抗性最强。克隆 PB 350 对 CLN 16 的敏感性最高,而 RRIM 928 对 CSB 16 的抗性最高。本研究为进一步研究开发对更多 C. cassiicola 菌株具有抗性的 H. brasiliensis 克隆提供了一个平台。
{"title":"Sensitivity of Hevea brasiliensis clones to isolates representing distinct races of the Corynespora cassiicola pathogen","authors":"Mitha Justine, Gincy P. Thottathil, Li Ying Chang, Xin Jie Lui, Urwashi Pushpak Kamerkar, Kumar Sudesh","doi":"10.1111/jph.13342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.13342","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Corynespora leaf fall disease caused by the fungus <i>Corynespora cassiicola</i> is a major leaf disease of <i>Hevea brasiliensis</i>, the commercial source of natural rubber. Different clones of <i>H. brasiliensis</i> show varying levels of sensitivity towards different strains of <i>C. cassiicola.</i> The genetic mechanism behind the differential sensitivity of <i>H. brasiliensis</i> clones has to be identified in order to develop clones resistant to wider range of <i>C. cassiicola</i> strains. The available information on the sensitivity of <i>H. brasiliensis</i> clones is based on the observation of natural infection or infection of detached leaves. In the present study, the sensitivity of seven <i>H. brasiliensis</i> clones towards two strains of <i>C. cassiicola</i> belonging to two different races was determined using a more precise method by artificial infection of the plants under controlled conditions. Strain CLN 16 was found to be more virulent compared with CSB 16, as it induced more severe symptoms in a shorter period. Among the four different stages of leaves, Stage II leaves with copper brown to apple green colour showed higher sensitivity to both strains followed by Stage III leaves with apple green appearance. Among the clones, RRIM 600 had a higher susceptibility towards CSB 16; however, it was the most resistant clone towards CLN 16. Clone PB 350 showed the highest susceptibility towards CLN 16 whereas RRIM 928 showed the highest resistance towards CSB 16. The present study provides a platform for further studies leading to the development of <i>H. brasiliensis</i> clones with resistance towards wider range of <i>C. cassiicola</i> strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141430206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. O. Masheti, J. W. Muthomi, W. M. Muiru, E. E. Arunga, P. Gepts
This research addresses the presence of Elsinoë phaseoli in Kenya, where information on the biology of this pathogen remains scarce. Employing a multifaceted approach, the study demonstrates the steps taken to isolate, identify, and characterize E. phaseoli as the pathogen responsible for scab on common bean. Field observations confirmed scab symptoms, particularly the prominent pod lesions. Elsinoë phaseoli was isolated from common bean using a targeted streaking method on older acervulus-bearing lesions. Morphological examinations revealed a notable diversity within E. phaseoli colonies, consistent with the characteristics of the genus. Molecular identification through ITS-rDNA sequencing confirmed isolate AscoSK1 obtained in this study as belonging to E. phaseoli, offering a robust species differentiation method. Assessing conidium production required the implementation of five different culture methods. An adaptation of the Scheper et al. (2013) method yielded the highest quantity of conidia from 25 colonies spaced at 1 cm apart, with a conidial yield of 5.0 × 106 conidia per 9-cm-diameter Petri dish. A higher conidial yield was attained after the colonies were pre-incubated on potato dextrose agar in the dark at room temperature for 28 days, followed by a transfer to corn meal agar for an additional 2 days at 20°C. This emphasizes the pivotal influence of incubation duration and pre-culture conditions on the process. This research provides insights into the biology of E. phaseoli and introduces an improved method for enhancing in vitro sporulation of the pathogen, setting groundwork for future research and handling.
{"title":"Identification of Elsinoë phaseoli causing bean scab in Kenya and evaluation of sporulation using five adapted techniques","authors":"Y. O. Masheti, J. W. Muthomi, W. M. Muiru, E. E. Arunga, P. Gepts","doi":"10.1111/jph.13343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.13343","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research addresses the presence of <i>Elsinoë phaseoli</i> in Kenya, where information on the biology of this pathogen remains scarce. Employing a multifaceted approach, the study demonstrates the steps taken to isolate, identify, and characterize <i>E. phaseoli</i> as the pathogen responsible for scab on common bean. Field observations confirmed scab symptoms, particularly the prominent pod lesions. <i>Elsinoë phaseoli</i> was isolated from common bean using a targeted streaking method on older acervulus-bearing lesions. Morphological examinations revealed a notable diversity within <i>E. phaseoli</i> colonies, consistent with the characteristics of the genus. Molecular identification through ITS-rDNA sequencing confirmed isolate AscoSK1 obtained in this study as belonging to <i>E. phaseoli</i>, offering a robust species differentiation method. Assessing conidium production required the implementation of five different culture methods. An adaptation of the Scheper et al. (2013) method yielded the highest quantity of conidia from 25 colonies spaced at 1 cm apart, with a conidial yield of 5.0 × 10<sup>6</sup> conidia per 9-cm-diameter Petri dish. A higher conidial yield was attained after the colonies were pre-incubated on potato dextrose agar in the dark at room temperature for 28 days, followed by a transfer to corn meal agar for an additional 2 days at 20°C. This emphasizes the pivotal influence of incubation duration and pre-culture conditions on the process. This research provides insights into the biology of <i>E. phaseoli</i> and introduces an improved method for enhancing in vitro sporulation of the pathogen, setting groundwork for future research and handling.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jph.13343","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141430207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cléia Santos Cabral, Alessandro Da Costa Freire Gandara, Fabiana Helena Silva Ribeiro Martins, Elenice Alves Barboza, Maurício Rossato, Ailton Reis
Castor bean (Ricinus communis) is a crop of great economic importance in Brazil. It is used for producing oil used in the manufacture of cosmetics and biodiesel. The genus Phytophthora contains pathogens with a wide range of host plants, including ornamentals, fruit and vegetable crops. Among the symptoms induced by Phytophthora species are collar and root rot. This study aimed to identify Phytophthora species causing collar and root rot in castor bean seedlings in the Federal District and test their pathogenicity. Samples of symptomatic plants were collected in four satellite cities in Distrito Federal, Brazil. Fourteen isolates were obtained, and they were initially identified through the morphology of reproductive structures. The isolates were subjected to molecular characterization using phylogeny of the sequences from the ITS region and the Cytochrome Oxidase II gene. Ten isolates of the pathogen were tested for pathogenicity on seedlings of two castor bean accessions and species known to be hosts of P. nicotianae. The isolates were identified as P. nicotianae (12 isolates) and P. palmivora (two isolates). In the pathogenicity test, all isolates were capable of causing disease in castor beans. The isolates of P. nicotianae and P. palmivora varied in pathogenicity to other plant species. This is the first report of P. nicotianae causing collar and root rot in castor bean in the Central-West Region of Brazil. It is also the first report of P. palmivora causing diseases in castor beans in South America.
蓖麻(Ricinus communis)是巴西一种具有重要经济价值的作物。它被用来生产用于制造化妆品和生物柴油的油。Phytophthora 属包含的病原体寄主植物范围很广,包括观赏植物、水果和蔬菜作物。疫霉菌引起的症状包括领腐病和根腐病。本研究旨在确定在联邦区导致蓖麻秧苗出现领腐和根腐病的疫霉菌种,并测试其致病性。研究人员在巴西联邦区的四个卫星城市采集了有症状的植物样本。获得了 14 个分离株,并通过生殖结构的形态进行了初步鉴定。利用 ITS 区域和细胞色素氧化酶 II 基因序列的系统进化对分离物进行了分子鉴定。对 10 个病原体分离物进行了致病性测试,测试对象是两个蓖麻品种的幼苗,以及已知为烟碱蓖麻菌宿主的物种。经鉴定,这些分离物分别为尼古丁 P.(12 个分离物)和棕榈 P.(2 个分离物)。在致病性试验中,所有分离物都能导致蓖麻发病。P. nicotianae 和 P. palmivora 分离物对其他植物物种的致病性各不相同。这是首次报道 P. nicotianae 在巴西中西部地区引起蓖麻领腐病和根腐病。这也是 P. palmivora 在南美洲引起蓖麻病害的首次报道。
{"title":"Phytophthora species causing root and crown rot on castor bean (Ricinus communis) in Brazil","authors":"Cléia Santos Cabral, Alessandro Da Costa Freire Gandara, Fabiana Helena Silva Ribeiro Martins, Elenice Alves Barboza, Maurício Rossato, Ailton Reis","doi":"10.1111/jph.13337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.13337","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Castor bean (<i>Ricinus communis</i>) is a crop of great economic importance in Brazil. It is used for producing oil used in the manufacture of cosmetics and biodiesel. The genus <i>Phytophthora</i> contains pathogens with a wide range of host plants, including ornamentals, fruit and vegetable crops. Among the symptoms induced by <i>Phytophthora</i> species are collar and root rot. This study aimed to identify <i>Phytophthora</i> species causing collar and root rot in castor bean seedlings in the Federal District and test their pathogenicity. Samples of symptomatic plants were collected in four satellite cities in Distrito Federal, Brazil. Fourteen isolates were obtained, and they were initially identified through the morphology of reproductive structures. The isolates were subjected to molecular characterization using phylogeny of the sequences from the ITS region and the Cytochrome Oxidase II gene. Ten isolates of the pathogen were tested for pathogenicity on seedlings of two castor bean accessions and species known to be hosts of <i>P. nicotianae</i>. The isolates were identified as <i>P. nicotianae</i> (12 isolates) and <i>P. palmivora</i> (two isolates). In the pathogenicity test, all isolates were capable of causing disease in castor beans. The isolates of <i>P. nicotianae</i> and <i>P. palmivora</i> varied in pathogenicity to other plant species. This is the first report of <i>P. nicotianae</i> causing collar and root rot in castor bean in the Central-West Region of Brazil. It is also the first report of <i>P. palmivora</i> causing diseases in castor beans in South America.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141430205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meltem Avan, Eslam Mohamed Albastawisi, Yağmur Doğa Levent, Sevgi İşlek, Recep Kotan
Postharvest diseases in fruits result in significant losses in the agricultural sector. Among these, green mould, caused by Penicillium digitatum, poses a considerable threat to citrus fruits. This study evaluated the potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain TV-17C as a biological control agent for managing green mould in oranges. Various concentrations of TV-17C in aqueous suspension were applied to naturally infected orange fruits in the packinghouse at two locations (Hatay and Mersin provinces), while the chemical fungicide fludioxonil 230 SC served as a positive control. The application of B. amyloliquefaciens TV-17C at the dosage of 250 mL 100 L−1 reduced green mould incidence by 90.3% and 89.8% in Hatay and Mersin provinces, respectively. Similarly, fludioxonil 230 SC displayed an efficacy of 91.4% in reducing disease incidence. In summary, this study underscores the potential of B. amyloliquefaciens TV-17C as an efficient biocontrol agent against green mould in oranges. Moreover, a positive correlation between higher concentrations and enhanced efficacy was evident. These findings hold promise for the adoption of sustainable disease management practices in the postharvest citrus industry.
{"title":"Evaluation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TV-17C as a potential biocontrol agent for controlling postharvest Penicillium digitatum on orange","authors":"Meltem Avan, Eslam Mohamed Albastawisi, Yağmur Doğa Levent, Sevgi İşlek, Recep Kotan","doi":"10.1111/jph.13345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.13345","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Postharvest diseases in fruits result in significant losses in the agricultural sector. Among these, green mould, caused by <i>Penicillium digitatum</i>, poses a considerable threat to citrus fruits. This study evaluated the potential of <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> strain TV-17C as a biological control agent for managing green mould in oranges. Various concentrations of TV-17C in aqueous suspension were applied to naturally infected orange fruits in the packinghouse at two locations (Hatay and Mersin provinces), while the chemical fungicide fludioxonil 230 SC served as a positive control. The application of <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> TV-17C at the dosage of 250 mL 100 L<sup>−1</sup> reduced green mould incidence by 90.3% and 89.8% in Hatay and Mersin provinces, respectively. Similarly, fludioxonil 230 SC displayed an efficacy of 91.4% in reducing disease incidence. In summary, this study underscores the potential of <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> TV-17C as an efficient biocontrol agent against green mould in oranges. Moreover, a positive correlation between higher concentrations and enhanced efficacy was evident. These findings hold promise for the adoption of sustainable disease management practices in the postharvest citrus industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141430204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The impact of eight pesticides on the transmission of Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) by the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius to tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum (Miller), was studied in the field using a randomized block design. Differences in performance were anticipated because these eight insecticides comprise distinct mechanism of action including both contact and systemic. Increased insecticide efficacy is necessary, particularly in regions with conducive weather conditions that support a healthy whitefly population, to effectively manage the population. There is a need to vary the insecticides used in order to reduce the emergence of resistance in the whitefly population due to the extensive usage of a single mechanism of action for whitefly control. The foliar spray of insecticides was done when first incidence of whitefly was noticed in the field with 15 days of interval. The studies on effect of different insecticides in the management of ToLCV disease through the controlling whitefly population, we evaluated that Chlorantraniliprole 8.8% + Thiomethaxam 17.5% SC was effective in sustaining the yield by reducing the incidence of disease and whitefly population during both the years followed by Spirotetramat 11.01% + Imidacloprid 11.01% SC, Thiamethoxam 12.6% + Lambda cyhalothrin 9.5% ZC and Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD, respectively.
{"title":"Efficacy assessment of different insecticides for control of whitefly against tomato leaf curl disease","authors":"Someshree Mane, Pravin Khaire, Ashwini Kumar, Tanaji Narute","doi":"10.1111/jph.13340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.13340","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The impact of eight pesticides on the transmission of Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) by the whitefly, <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> Gennadius to tomato, <i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i> (Miller), was studied in the field using a randomized block design. Differences in performance were anticipated because these eight insecticides comprise distinct mechanism of action including both contact and systemic. Increased insecticide efficacy is necessary, particularly in regions with conducive weather conditions that support a healthy whitefly population, to effectively manage the population. There is a need to vary the insecticides used in order to reduce the emergence of resistance in the whitefly population due to the extensive usage of a single mechanism of action for whitefly control. The foliar spray of insecticides was done when first incidence of whitefly was noticed in the field with 15 days of interval. The studies on effect of different insecticides in the management of ToLCV disease through the controlling whitefly population, we evaluated that Chlorantraniliprole 8.8% + Thiomethaxam 17.5% SC was effective in sustaining the yield by reducing the incidence of disease and whitefly population during both the years followed by Spirotetramat 11.01% + Imidacloprid 11.01% SC, Thiamethoxam 12.6% + Lambda cyhalothrin 9.5% ZC and Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141425009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pablo H. Teixeira, Renan C. Lima, Trazilbo J. Paula Jr., José Eustáquio S. Carneiro, Heder Braun, Júlia E. A. Silva, Rogério F. Vieira
In a previous study, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes were selected in the field for reactions to white mould (WM), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. These genotypes, along with the resistant control A195, were then evaluated in both field and greenhouse (straw test) conditions. The results showed that field trials effectively identified high-yielding WM-resistant genotypes for dry-irrigated conditions. Here we challenge the results of this study with new data and methodology by conducting six sprinkler-irrigated trials from 2015 to 2017 with five genotype groups (G). Three groups comprised genotypes previously studied: G1, seven partially resistant; G4, two intermediately resistant; and G5, three susceptible. G2 consisted of four lines selected for partial resistance in the current study. The resistant control group, G3, comprised the genotypes A195, G122, Cornell605, and Ouro Branco. WM was absent (one trial), or pressure was either low/moderate (two trials) or moderate/high (three trials). The average seed yield ranged from 2207 (G3) to 3178 kg/ha (G1). The contrast G1, G2 versus G3 was nonsignificant for incidence and severity index, indicating that genotypes selected for resistance in the field were as resistant as the resistant control genotypes. Additionally, the groups selected for resistance yielded 43% more and produced 33% less sclerotia weight compared with the control group. Our results reinforce the effectiveness of selecting WM-resistant genotypes using beans originally bred for purposes other than WM-resistance, specifically targeting dry-irrigated areas. Furthermore, our results suggest that the use of genotypes selected for partial resistance reduces inoculum levels in the soil.
{"title":"Strategy to identify common beans with resistance to white mould for dry-irrigated areas: Additional evidence","authors":"Pablo H. Teixeira, Renan C. Lima, Trazilbo J. Paula Jr., José Eustáquio S. Carneiro, Heder Braun, Júlia E. A. Silva, Rogério F. Vieira","doi":"10.1111/jph.13335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.13335","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In a previous study, common bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.) genotypes were selected in the field for reactions to white mould (WM), caused by <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>. These genotypes, along with the resistant control A195, were then evaluated in both field and greenhouse (straw test) conditions. The results showed that field trials effectively identified high-yielding WM-resistant genotypes for dry-irrigated conditions. Here we challenge the results of this study with new data and methodology by conducting six sprinkler-irrigated trials from 2015 to 2017 with five genotype groups (G). Three groups comprised genotypes previously studied: G1, seven partially resistant; G4, two intermediately resistant; and G5, three susceptible. G2 consisted of four lines selected for partial resistance in the current study. The resistant control group, G3, comprised the genotypes A195, G122, Cornell605, and Ouro Branco. WM was absent (one trial), or pressure was either low/moderate (two trials) or moderate/high (three trials). The average seed yield ranged from 2207 (G3) to 3178 kg/ha (G1). The contrast G1, G2 versus G3 was nonsignificant for incidence and severity index, indicating that genotypes selected for resistance in the field were as resistant as the resistant control genotypes. Additionally, the groups selected for resistance yielded 43% more and produced 33% less sclerotia weight compared with the control group. Our results reinforce the effectiveness of selecting WM-resistant genotypes using beans originally bred for purposes other than WM-resistance, specifically targeting dry-irrigated areas. Furthermore, our results suggest that the use of genotypes selected for partial resistance reduces inoculum levels in the soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141326737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. M. Oliveira, E. A. Pozza, L. L. Belan, M. L. O. Freitas, V. M. Tedardi
Bacterial halo blight (BHB), caused by Pseudomonas coronafaciens pv. garcae (Pcg), is one of the most significant diseases affecting coffee trees worldwide, resulting in considerable damage and notable losses within coffee production systems. Further research into the epidemiology and aetiology of BHB in coffee plants is essential for developing effective management strategies. Understanding the efficiency of each inoculation methodology in inducing symptoms is crucial for advancing this research. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the efficiency of seven Pcg inoculation methods using five concentrations to enhance the highest BHB intensity. The experimental design was a complete randomized block design in a factorial (7 × 5) variance analysis with four replications. The first three pairs of leaves of coffee seedlings of the cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC-99 were inoculated and evaluated for the incidence and severity of BHB. The inoculation methods of Pcg by injury provided higher BHB AUDPCI and AUDPCS values. Among these, the inoculum injection and multi-needle wounding at inoculum concentrations of 1.6 × 109 CFU mL−1 demonstrated higher disease intensity.
{"title":"Efficiency of inoculation methods for the assessment of bacterial halo blight in coffee seedlings","authors":"J. M. Oliveira, E. A. Pozza, L. L. Belan, M. L. O. Freitas, V. M. Tedardi","doi":"10.1111/jph.13336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.13336","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bacterial halo blight (BHB), caused by <i>Pseudomonas coronafaciens</i> pv. <i>garcae</i> (Pcg), is one of the most significant diseases affecting coffee trees worldwide, resulting in considerable damage and notable losses within coffee production systems. Further research into the epidemiology and aetiology of BHB in coffee plants is essential for developing effective management strategies. Understanding the efficiency of each inoculation methodology in inducing symptoms is crucial for advancing this research. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the efficiency of seven Pcg inoculation methods using five concentrations to enhance the highest BHB intensity. The experimental design was a complete randomized block design in a factorial (7 × 5) variance analysis with four replications. The first three pairs of leaves of coffee seedlings of the cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC-99 were inoculated and evaluated for the incidence and severity of BHB. The inoculation methods of Pcg by injury provided higher BHB AUDPCI and AUDPCS values. Among these, the inoculum injection and multi-needle wounding at inoculum concentrations of 1.6 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU mL<sup>−1</sup> demonstrated higher disease intensity.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141326738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elenice Alves Barboza, Luiz Henrique Rocha Lopes, Carmen Lidia Amorim Pires-Zottarelli, Cléia Santos Cabral, Willie Anderson dos Santos Vieira, Maurício Rossato, Fabiana Helena Silva Ribeiro, Ailton Reis
Pythium tracheiphilum is a narrow host range oomycete first described infecting lettuce in Italy. Subsequently, the pathogen was reported in many other countries. From 2015 to 2019, Pythium isolates were recovered from lettuce plants with symptoms of leaf rot, wilting and vascular necrosis, collected from commercial fields in different rural localities of Brasilia-DF, Brazil. The isolates were identified as P. tracheiphilum based on morphological and molecular genetic analysis. Pathogenicity tests conducted with four P. tracheiphilum isolates confirmed that the isolates were pathogenic to detached leaves of a loose-hearted lettuce cultivar. This is the first report of P. tracheiphilum infecting lettuces in Brazil.
Pythium tracheiphilum 是一种寄主范围很窄的卵菌,最早出现在意大利的莴苣上。随后,许多其他国家也报道了这种病原体。2015 年至 2019 年期间,从巴西巴西利亚联邦区(Brasilia-DF)不同农村地区的商品田中采集到的具有叶片腐烂、枯萎和维管束坏死症状的莴苣植株中回收了腐霉菌分离株。根据形态学和分子遗传学分析,这些分离物被鉴定为 P. tracheiphilum。对 4 个 P. tracheiphilum 分离物进行的致病性试验证实,这些分离物对松心莴苣品种的脱落叶片具有致病性。这是巴西首次报道 P. tracheiphilum 感染莴苣。
{"title":"Pythium tracheiphilum causing leaf rot and wilting in lettuce in Brasília-DF, Brazil","authors":"Elenice Alves Barboza, Luiz Henrique Rocha Lopes, Carmen Lidia Amorim Pires-Zottarelli, Cléia Santos Cabral, Willie Anderson dos Santos Vieira, Maurício Rossato, Fabiana Helena Silva Ribeiro, Ailton Reis","doi":"10.1111/jph.13334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.13334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Pythium tracheiphilum</i> is a narrow host range oomycete first described infecting lettuce in Italy. Subsequently, the pathogen was reported in many other countries. From 2015 to 2019, <i>Pythium</i> isolates were recovered from lettuce plants with symptoms of leaf rot, wilting and vascular necrosis, collected from commercial fields in different rural localities of Brasilia-DF, Brazil. The isolates were identified as <i>P. tracheiphilum</i> based on morphological and molecular genetic analysis. Pathogenicity tests conducted with four <i>P. tracheiphilum</i> isolates confirmed that the isolates were pathogenic to detached leaves of a loose-hearted lettuce cultivar. This is the first report of <i>P. tracheiphilum</i> infecting lettuces in Brazil.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141326739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}