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Exploring the Genetic and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Interaction Between Tomato and Endophytic Fungi: A Bioinformatic Analysis and Review of Key Genes and Pathways 探讨番茄与内生真菌相互作用的遗传和分子机制:关键基因和途径的生物信息学分析与综述
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-09-21 DOI: 10.1111/jph.70172
Sepideh Ghaffari, Ali Javadmanesh, Ricardo Machado, Stephan Jaronski, Lukasz L. Stelinski, Javad Karimi

Endophytic fungi are known to improve plant resistance to stress and enhance plant performance. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying endophytic fungi-mediated systemic resistance is crucial for the widespread adoption of these fungi as beneficial biological control agents. To unravel the complex interactions between tomato and endophytic fungi, we compared the transcriptomic responses of tomato plants induced with Trichoderma harzianum, T. afroharzianum, T. atroviride and Pochonia chlamydosporia. RNA-seq datasets were used to assess the common expression patterns in defence-related pathways. Our analysis revealed that a group of common key genes were significantly induced in all investigations examined. Additionally, we observed that 20 transcripts related to anion transport, which is crucial for early plant immune responses, were consistently enriched in all the studies. These findings highlight the conserved and specific nature of plant–endophyte interactions and their potential for enhancing plant resistance through targeted genetic manipulation and breeding for long-lasting resistance.

众所周知,内生真菌可以提高植物的抗逆性和提高植物的生产性能。全面了解内生真菌介导的系统抗性机制对于广泛采用这些真菌作为有益的生物防治剂至关重要。为了揭示番茄与内生真菌之间的复杂相互作用,我们比较了哈茨木霉、非洲哈茨木霉、atroviride和衣孢球孢霉诱导番茄植株的转录组反应。RNA-seq数据集用于评估防御相关通路中的常见表达模式。我们的分析显示,一组共同的关键基因在所有调查中都被显著诱导。此外,我们观察到20个与阴离子运输相关的转录本在所有研究中都持续富集,而阴离子运输对植物早期免疫应答至关重要。这些发现强调了植物与内生菌相互作用的保守性和特异性,以及它们通过有针对性的遗传操作和培育持久抗性来增强植物抗性的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Microscopic and Analytical Insights Into the Morphoanatomical, Pharmacognosy and Bioactivity of Healthy and Geminivirus-Infected Duranta erecta L.: A New Report 健康和感染双病毒的杜鹃的形态解剖、生药学和生物活性的显微分析研究:新报告
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-09-21 DOI: 10.1111/jph.70165
Shabnum Shaheen, Naila Usman, Riffat Siddique, Eman Alhomaidi, Sana Khalid, Zaryab Khalid, Romisha Sonia, Sayyara Ibadullayeva, Khuzin Dinislam, Nigar Mursal
<div> <p><i>Duranta eracta</i> L. is grown widely as a medicinal and ornamental plant. <i>Duranta erecta</i> is badly infected by begomovirus. Phytochemical changes impact plant morphoantomical, defense and antioxidant potential, shaping plant responses. A complete comprehensive study including morphoanatomical, phytochemical, antioxidant, molecular and antimicrobial evaluation is done to differentiate the healthy plant from infected. Morphological analysis indicated that geminivirus infected plants exhibits symptoms like cupping, curling, folding, yellowing, crumpling, reduced leaf area and overall stunted growth. The presence of geminiviruses (Brgomoviruses) was confirmed using the PCR method, with the help of universal primers designed for begomoviruses. By using specific begomoviruses primers, presence of <i>Duranta Leaf Curl virus</i> (DLCV) was confirmed along DNA-B of <i>Tomato leaf curl New Delhi Virus</i> (ToLCNDV) and <i>Catharanthus yellow mosaic virus</i> (CaYMV) in highly severe infected samples. While <i>Papaya leaf curl virus</i> (PaLCV) and CaYMV were also found in severely infected samples, however efforts to isolate satellites was not successful in these samples. Anatomical analysis of infected and healthy plants revealed that in both the plants anisocytic stomata and warty trichomes were present with few variations occurred in the size of trichomes, subsidiary, guard and epidermal cells. Antioxidant potential analyzed by DPPH scavenging method indicated that methanol extracts showed maximum antioxidant potential followed by ethanol, chloroform and n-hexane, respectively. The antibacterial activity assessed against <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumonia</i> indicated that healthy samples demonstrated notable activity (10 mm) against <i>S. aureus</i>, while infected samples displayed no antibacterial effect. For antifungal testing against <i>Aspergillus niger</i>, <i>Aspergillus solani</i> and <i>Rhizopus stolonife</i>r, neither the healthy nor the infected samples showed any activity. Phytochemicals’ quantitative and qualitative testing of both plant samples was done. Presence of different secondary metabolites, such as phenols flavonoids, glycosides, sterols, tannins, triterpenes, coumarins and saponins were confirmed qualitatively. The quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed the maximum flavonoids concentration in chloroform, preceded by ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts. <i>Duranta erecta</i> plays a significant role for the production of many drugs because of the presence of secondary metabolites which were assessed by GCMS. The one of major secondary metabolite, that is, acteoside was also eluted in GCMS scans of selected plants. This is the first integrated study dealing with the morphoanatomical, phytochemical, antioxidant, molecular and antimicrobial comparison of DLCV infected and healthy <i>D. erecta</i>. The findings provide valuable insights for b
杜鹃花是一种广泛种植的药用和观赏植物。杜伦塔被begomvirus严重感染。植物化学变化影响植物的形态、防御和抗氧化潜能,塑造植物的反应。从形态解剖、植物化学、抗氧化、分子和抗菌等方面进行了全面的研究,以区分健康植物和感染植物。形态分析表明,双病毒感染植株表现出拔火罐、卷曲、折叠、变黄、皱缩、叶面积缩小和整体生长发育迟缓等症状。利用为begomovirus设计的通用引物,采用PCR方法证实了双病毒(brgomovirus)的存在。利用特异的begomovirus引物,在高度严重感染的样品中,沿番茄卷叶新德里病毒(ToLCNDV)和Catharanthus yellow mosaic病毒(CaYMV)的DNA-B,证实了Duranta Leaf Curl病毒(DLCV)的存在。虽然在严重感染的样本中也发现了木瓜卷叶病毒(PaLCV)和CaYMV,但在这些样本中分离卫星病毒的努力并不成功。对侵染和健康植株的解剖分析表明,侵染和健康植株均有气孔和疣状毛状体,毛状体、附属细胞、保卫细胞和表皮细胞的大小几乎没有变化。DPPH清除率分析表明,甲醇提取物的抗氧化能力最强,其次是乙醇、氯仿和正己烷。对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的抑菌活性评估表明,健康样品对金黄色葡萄球菌具有显著的抑菌活性(10 mm),而感染样品无抑菌作用。对黑曲霉、茄曲霉和匍匐茎根霉进行抑菌试验,健康样品和感染样品均无抑菌活性。对两种植物样品进行了植物化学物质的定量和定性检测。定性鉴定了不同次生代谢产物的存在,如酚类、黄酮类、糖苷类、甾醇类、单宁类、三萜类、香豆素类和皂苷类。定量植物化学分析表明,氯仿中黄酮类化合物含量最高,其次为乙酸乙酯和甲醇提取物。通过气相色谱法(GCMS)对杜兰的次生代谢产物进行了评价,杜兰在许多药物的生产中起着重要的作用。在选定植物的GCMS扫描中也洗脱了主要的次生代谢物之一,即毛蕊花苷。这是第一个对DLCV感染和健康的勃起直男进行形态解剖、植物化学、抗氧化、分子和抗菌比较的综合研究。这些发现为培育抗病毒品种提供了有价值的见解,并突出了该物种作为药物开发的药理活性化合物来源的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
New Reports of Botryosphaeriaceae Species Causing Postharvest Fruit Rot of Garcinia humilis in Brazil 引起巴西黄藤黄果采后腐病的Botryosphaeriaceae新报道
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/jph.70171
Jordana Alves da Silva Melo, Ana Elisa de Almeida Souza, Glícia Silva de Moraes, André Angelo Medeiros Gomes, Alexandre Reis Machado

Achachairu (Garcinia humilis) is a fruit crop with its centre of origin in the Amazon rainforest region, which has gained prominence in commercialization in several countries in America. In addition to a sweet flavour, it is rich in several vitamins and fibres, making it of interest in the industrial sector. Fungal isolates of the Botryosphaeriaceae were obtained from fruits of G. humilis with symptoms of rot and were identified by concatenated phylogenetic analyses of ITS, TEF1-α, Tub-2 and RPB2 loci. We identified nine isolates as Lasiodiplodia theobromae, nine isolates as Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, and one isolate as Neofusicoccum batangarum. Three representative isolates of these species were selected for pathogenicity tests in fruits and stems of seedlings. Typical rot symptoms appeared on the inoculated fruits and stems, confirming pathogenicity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of L. theobromae, L. pseudotheobromae, and N. batangarum as the causal agents of fruit rot of G. humilis worldwide.

Achachairu (Garcinia humilis)是一种水果作物,其原产地中心位于亚马逊雨林地区,在美洲几个国家的商业化中获得了突出地位。除了香甜的味道,它还富含多种维生素和纤维,这使得它在工业领域很受欢迎。采用ITS、TEF1-α、Tub-2和RPB2基因座的串联系统发育分析方法,从具有腐病症状的黄芽草果实中分离得到了一株Botryosphaeriaceae真菌。经鉴定,9株分离物为可可枯病(Lasiodiplodia theobromae), 9株分离物为假可可枯病(Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae), 1株分离物为batangarum Neofusicoccum。选取3株具有代表性的分离株进行果实和幼苗茎的致病性试验。接种后果实和茎部出现典型腐病症状,证实了致病性。据我们所知,这是在世界范围内第一次报道了L. theobromae, L. pseudotheobromae和N. batangarum作为土霉果腐病的致病因子。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence and Characterisation of Toxigenic Aspergillus Species in Rice From Punjab Region of North India Using LC–MS/MS and Molecular Techniques 用LC-MS /MS和分子技术分析印度北部旁遮普地区水稻产毒曲霉的流行及特征
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1111/jph.70164
Navdeep Singh, Anju Bala Sharma, Pooja Manchanda, Kousik Mandal, Amarjit Singh, J. S. Lore

Seed samples of rice were collected from north India during two consecutive crop seasons, 2022 and 2023. Isolations of fungi associated with discoloured seed samples were performed and various species of Aspergillus obtained from 1966 samples (the large majority from the state of Punjab) were characterised morphologically for their identification. A total of 109 isolates of six different species of Aspergillus were obtained from 22 popular rice varieties. Species level identification was confirmed by using ITS and β tubulin gene loci. A. flavus and A. niger were the most prevalent species having frequencies of occurrence of 33.0% and 29.9% respectively. Approximately 8.3% of the isolates were predicted to be positive for production of aflatoxins and 1.8% of the isolates were predicted positive for production of ochratoxin based on PCR screening. Quantitative analysis of toxin production by selected isolates using liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) revealed that isolate Af22 of A. flavus obtained from rice variety PR 126 produced 20.7 μg/kg aflatoxin B1 and 28.7 μg/kg aflatoxin B2 and isolate Ao5 of A. ochraceus obtained from variety PR 121 produced ochratoxin A (8.6 μg/kg) were the most toxigenic isolates. Pathogenicity tests on susceptible rice variety PR 114 demonstrated that all toxigenic isolates induced distinct discoloration patterns on rice grains after an incubation period of 5–7 days. The study underscores the importance of continuous monitoring of Aspergillus contamination and calls for stringent post-harvest management practices to reduce the risk of mycotoxin contamination in rice.

研究人员在2022年和2023年两个连续的作物季节从印度北部采集了水稻种子样本。对与变色种子样品有关的真菌进行了分离,并从1966个样品(绝大多数来自旁遮普邦)中获得了各种曲霉,对其进行了形态特征鉴定。从22个常用水稻品种中共分离得到6种曲霉109株。利用ITS和β微管蛋白基因位点进行物种水平鉴定。黄刺螨和黑刺螨最常见,发生频率分别为33.0%和29.9%。根据PCR筛选,预计约8.3%的分离株黄曲霉毒素产生阳性,1.8%的分离株赭曲霉毒素产生阳性。采用液相色谱串联质谱法(LC-MS /MS)对所选菌株的产毒量进行定量分析,结果表明,产黄曲霉毒素B1和B2的产毒量分别为20.7 μg/kg和28.7 μg/kg,产黄曲霉毒素A的产毒量分别为8.6 μg/kg的产毒量分别为pr126和pr121。对易感水稻品种PR 114的致病性试验表明,在5-7天的潜伏期后,所有毒分离株都在水稻籽粒上产生不同的变色模式。该研究强调了持续监测曲霉污染的重要性,并呼吁采取严格的收获后管理措施,以减少水稻霉菌毒素污染的风险。
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引用次数: 0
First Report of Stem Rot in Muskmelon Caused by Macrophomina pseudophaseolina 甜瓜茎腐病研究初报
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1111/jph.70161
Allinny Luzia Alves Cavalcante, Dariane Monteiro Viana, Germana Vitória Ricarto Moreira, Andréia Mitsa Paiva Negreiros, Kamila Câmara Correia, Rui Sales Junior

During 2022–2023, muskmelon (Cucumis melo) plants showing stem rot and vine decline were observed in commercial fields in northeastern Brazil. Fungal isolates obtained from symptomatic tissues were identified as Macrophomina pseudophaseolina based on morphology, species-specific PCR and multilocus phylogeny (ITS, EF1-α and β-tubulin). Pathogenicity was confirmed in greenhouse assays, reproducing symptoms on ‘Natal RZ’ plants. This is the first worldwide report of M. pseudophaseolina causing stem rot in muskmelon.

在2022-2023年期间,在巴西东北部的商业田中观察到甜瓜(Cucumis melo)植株出现茎腐病和藤蔓下降。根据形态学、种特异性PCR和多位点系统发育(ITS、EF1-α和β-微管蛋白)鉴定,从有症状的组织中分离的真菌为假相巨噬菌(Macrophomina pseudoophaseolina)。在温室试验中证实了致病性,在‘ Natal RZ ’植株上再现了症状。这是世界上第一次报道引起甜瓜茎腐病的假葡萄分枝杆菌。
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引用次数: 0
An Efficient Disease Prediction in Smart Agriculture Using Advanced Deep Learning Methods for Improving Crop Productivity 利用先进的深度学习方法在智能农业中进行有效的疾病预测,以提高作物生产力
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1111/jph.70160
Vivek Parganiha, Monika Verma

Plant diseases are considered one of the most serious problems in world agricultural production. Regular monitoring and detection are essential to control plant diseases, and effective management methods are used to prevent disease spread and lower pesticide costs. Smart agriculture techniques are one of the key solutions in plant disease prediction and improving crop productivity. Even though various papers have been published on the model for plant disease prediction based on smart agriculture, there is still a lack of an overall systematic model. The proposed approach has been developed to overcome the challenges faced by the existing method. This presented approach uses deep learning and meta-heuristic techniques to detect and classify crop diseases, providing an accurate and efficient solution for farmers to improve crop yield. The process begins with collecting crop disease images from the Kaggle database. Initially, noise removal and contrast enhancement are performed using a Gaussian Amended Wiener Filter (GAWF). Next, the Modified Residual U-Net (MRU-Net) model extracts significant disease regions from the images. Effective features are collected from these segments using a convolutional neural network (CNN) and an improved vision transformer model (IViT). Finally, classification is performed with a stacking ensemble model that incorporates XGBoost (XGB), Gradient Boosting (GB) and AdaBoost-Decision Tree (AdB-DT). The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 99.74% on the PlantVillage dataset, 99.51% on the PlantDoc dataset and 99.57% on the Pigeonpea Leaf Disease dataset, demonstrating its robustness and generalizability across both curated and real-world agricultural image conditions. Also, the proposed approach provided insights into disease identification by utilising Grad-CAM to provide visual explanations.

植物病害被认为是世界农业生产中最严重的问题之一。定期监测和检测是控制植物病害的关键,有效的管理方法可以防止病害蔓延和降低农药成本。智能农业技术是植物病害预测和提高作物生产力的关键解决方案之一。尽管基于智能农业的植物病害预测模型已经发表了很多论文,但仍然缺乏一个整体系统的模型。提出的方法是为了克服现有方法所面临的挑战而开发的。该方法利用深度学习和元启发式技术对作物病害进行检测和分类,为农民提高作物产量提供了准确有效的解决方案。这个过程从从Kaggle数据库中收集作物病害图像开始。首先,使用高斯修正维纳滤波器(GAWF)进行噪声去除和对比度增强。接下来,改进的残差U-Net (MRU-Net)模型从图像中提取重要的疾病区域。使用卷积神经网络(CNN)和改进的视觉变形模型(IViT)从这些片段中收集有效特征。最后,使用结合XGBoost (XGB)、Gradient Boosting (GB)和AdaBoost-Decision Tree (AdB-DT)的叠加集成模型进行分类。该模型在PlantVillage数据集上的准确率为99.74%,在PlantDoc数据集上的准确率为99.51%,在Pigeonpea Leaf Disease数据集上的准确率为99.57%,证明了其在管理和现实农业图像条件下的鲁棒性和泛化性。此外,所提出的方法通过利用Grad-CAM提供视觉解释,为疾病识别提供了见解。
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引用次数: 0
Mitigation of Tomato Fruit Rot and Maintenance of Its Biochemical and Organoleptic Properties Using Terminalia chebula Retz. Mediated Iron Nanoparticles 利用桔梗防治番茄果实腐烂及维持其生化和感官特性。介导铁纳米颗粒
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1111/jph.70166
Rafia Attique,  Qurrat-ul-ain, Hira Saleem, Rabia Nawab, Urooj Haroon,  Farhana, Asif Kamal, Tooba Idrees, Muqaddas Fatima, Hassan Javed Chaudhary, Muhammad Farooq Hussain Munis

Divergent biotic stresses adulterate tomato fruit and degrade its quality in maturation, harvesting, and in preservation phases. Mycotic infections are attributable to a substantial decline in the quantity and quality of fruits. This study focused on the prognosis and control of post-harvest fruit rot of tomato. Infected fruits were collected, and the etiological agent was recognised as Aspergillus fumigatus by employing microscopic, morphological and molecular analyses. To prevent fruit rot disease of tomato, Fe2O3 nanoparticle (NPs) were synthesised by utilising fruit extract of Terminalia chebula . UV–vis spectroscopy depicted the absorption peak at 268 nm corroborating the nanoscale formation of Fe2O3 NPs. Fourier transform infrared indicated the presence of organic compounds (amines, phenol, ester, sulfoxide, aldehyde, alkane and alcohol) on nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction analysis delineated the average size of 29.35 nm and crystalline nature of Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy provided insight into the cube-shaped morphology of nanoparticles, and energy dispersive X-ray demonstrated the existence of Fe and O peaks. These Fe2O3 NPs manifested a substantial suppression of mycelial growth both in vivo and in vitro. Among all concentrations, 1.0 mg/mL concentration of Fe2O3 NPs exhibited the highest efficacy, suppressing mycelial growth by 88.54% in vitro. At the same concentration, Fe2O3 NPs markedly suppressed the progression of tomato fruit rot (76%), in vivo. At 1.0 mg/mL concentration of Fe2O3 NPs, tomato fruit demonstrated a high amount of titratable acidity, reducing sugars, total sugars, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid, lycopene, and maintained fruit firmness. Our findings indicate that Fe2O3 NPs synthesised from fruit extract of T. chebula are effective in controlling fruit rot, prolonging shelf life, and maintaining the fruit quality. These nanoparticles are environmentally sound and efficacious substitutes for chemical fungicide.

在成熟、收获和保存阶段,不同的生物胁迫会使番茄果实掺假并降低其质量。真菌感染可归因于水果数量和质量的大幅下降。对番茄采后腐病的防治进行了研究。采集侵染果实,通过显微、形态和分子分析鉴定病原为烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)。为防治番茄腐病,以桔梗果提取物为原料合成了Fe2O3纳米颗粒(NPs)。紫外可见光谱显示了268 nm处的吸收峰,证实了Fe2O3纳米颗粒的纳米级形成。傅里叶红外变换表明纳米颗粒上存在有机化合物(胺、酚、酯、亚砜、醛、烷烃和醇)。x射线衍射分析表明,Fe2O3纳米颗粒的平均尺寸为29.35 nm,具有晶体性质。扫描电镜观察了纳米颗粒的立方体形态,能量色散x射线显示了铁和氧峰的存在。这些Fe2O3 NPs在体内和体外都表现出对菌丝生长的实质性抑制。在所有浓度中,1.0 mg/mL浓度的Fe2O3 NPs体外抑制菌丝生长的效果最高,抑制率为88.54%。在相同浓度下,Fe2O3 NPs显著抑制了番茄果实腐烂的进展(76%)。在1.0 mg/mL浓度的Fe2O3 NPs下,番茄果实显示出大量的可滴定酸度、还原糖、总糖、总可溶性固溶体、抗坏血酸和番茄红素,并保持了果实的硬度。研究结果表明,以桔梗果实提取物为原料合成的Fe2O3纳米粒子具有控制果实腐烂、延长果实保质期和保持果实品质的作用。这些纳米颗粒对环境无害,是化学杀菌剂的有效替代品。
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引用次数: 0
Defence Inducers Upregulate Metabolic and Antioxidant Activity to Suppress Charcoal Rot Disease in Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) 防御诱导剂上调绿豆代谢和抗氧化活性抑制炭腐病
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-09-14 DOI: 10.1111/jph.70169
Pravallika Sree Rayanoothala, Sunita Mahapatra, Arup Sen, Srikanta Das, Ahmed Gaber, Mohammed M. Althaqafi, Abdulrahman Alasmari, Akbar Hossain

The biochemical responses of two mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) cultivars to charcoal rot disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina, were investigated under controlled greenhouse conditions. The cultivars were Bireshwar (WBM 4-34-1-1), which is resistant to the disease, and Samrat (PDM-139), which is susceptible. The greenhouse environment was maintained at a temperature of 24°C ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 85%–90%. These cultivars were initially identified for their varying resistance levels through field screening. Seeds were treated with four distinct defence-inducing compounds: salicylic acid (SA), chitosan, yeast extract and jasmonic acid (JA). These elicitors were applied at three concentrations: SA (0.5, 1, 2 mM), chitosan (0.01, 0.03, 0.07 mM), yeast extract (0.02%, 0.05%, 0.1%) and JA (0.02%, 0.05%, 0.1%). The treated plants exhibited a notable and statistically significant enhancement in the accumulation of several defence-related biochemical markers, including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), ortho-dihydroxy phenols (OD phenols), total phenols and ascorbic acid, when compared to the untreated control group. SA at higher concentrations was most effective, followed by chitosan and JA, in enhancing these biochemical defences. Following pathogen inoculation, elevated levels of CAT, PAL, POD, PPO, OD phenols and total phenols were associated with reduced disease severity. Correlation analysis revealed a strong negative relationship between Percent Disease Index (PDI) and most biochemical variables, especially at 20 days after sowing (DAS), except for PPO and ascorbic acid. These findings underscore the critical role of biochemical defence mechanisms in conferring resistance to charcoal rot disease. The study suggests that high levels of biochemical activity during the early stages of plant development could be used as a valuable selection criterion in breeding programmes aimed at enhancing disease resistance.

在温室控制条件下,研究了2个绿豆品种对真菌病原菌phaseolina炭化腐病的生化反应。抗病品种为Bireshwar (WBM 4-34-1-1)和易感品种Samrat (PDM-139)。温室环境温度为24℃±2℃,相对湿度为85% ~ 90%。这些品种最初通过田间筛选鉴定出不同的抗性水平。用四种不同的防御诱导化合物:水杨酸(SA)、壳聚糖、酵母提取物和茉莉酸(JA)处理种子。分别以SA(0.5、1、2 mM)、壳聚糖(0.01、0.03、0.07 mM)、酵母提取物(0.02%、0.05%、0.1%)和JA(0.02%、0.05%、0.1%)三种浓度施加激发子。与未处理的对照组相比,处理后植株的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、邻二羟基酚类(OD酚类)、总酚类和抗坏血酸等几种与防御相关的生化标志物的积累均显著增加,且具有统计学意义。较高浓度的SA对增强这些生化防御作用最有效,其次是壳聚糖和JA。接种病原体后,CAT、PAL、POD、PPO、OD酚和总酚水平升高与疾病严重程度降低有关。相关分析显示,除PPO和抗坏血酸外,其余大部分生化指标与PDI呈显著负相关,尤其是在播后20 d。这些发现强调了生物化学防御机制在赋予木炭腐病抗性中的关键作用。该研究表明,在植物发育早期阶段,高水平的生化活性可以作为一种有价值的选择标准,用于旨在增强抗病性的育种计划。
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引用次数: 0
Distribution of Karnal Bunt in North-Western Himalayas and Management Through Host Resistance 喜玛拉雅山西北部肉鸡的分布及寄主抗性管理
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-09-14 DOI: 10.1111/jph.70155
Megha Abrol, Amrish Vaid, S. K. Singh, Ranbir Singh, Sachin Gupta, Sakshi Sharma

Karnal bunt of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), caused by Tilletia indica, poses a persistent threat to grain quality, seed trade and production stability. The present study was undertaken to assess the spatial distribution of Karnal bunt over two consecutive Rabi seasons (2021–22 and 2022–23) and identify resistant genotypes suitable for cultivation in the north-western Himalayan region. Hundred genotypes were evaluated under artificially induced epiphytotic field conditions. Of these, four genotypes (IC416075, IC145334, IC572925 and IC279616) exhibited complete resistance, recording 0.00% disease incidence and coefficient of infection. Forty-two genotypes were resistant, forty-six were moderately susceptible, six susceptible and two highly susceptible. Genotype × environment (G × E) interaction analysis, including AMMI and stability regression models, identified HD-1105, PBW-803 and PBW-824 as stable performers across environments. Hierarchical clustering and Mahalanobis distance analysis further highlighted substantial genetic divergence among the test genotypes. The findings underscore the significance of integrating field surveillance with resistance screening to identify stable, disease-resistant genotypes for effective management of Karnal bunt in vulnerable wheat-growing regions.

小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)因籼米菌(Tilletia indica)引起的肉猎对粮食品质、种子贸易和生产稳定构成持续威胁。本研究旨在评估连续两个拉比季节(2021-22和2022-23)卡纳尔猎的空间分布,并确定适合喜马拉雅西北地区种植的抗性基因型。在人工诱导的外生植物田间条件下对100个基因型进行了评价。其中,4个基因型(IC416075、IC145334、IC572925和IC279616)表现出完全抗性,发病率和感染系数均为0.00%。42个基因型为耐药型,46个为中等易感型,6个为易感型,2个为高易感型。基因型与环境(G × E)互作分析,包括AMMI和稳定性回归模型,确定HD-1105、PBW-803和PBW-824在不同环境下表现稳定。分层聚类和马氏距离分析进一步突出了测试基因型之间的遗传差异。这些发现强调了将田间监测与抗性筛选结合起来鉴定稳定的抗病基因型的重要性,从而有效地管理小麦易感产区的卡纳尔狩猎。
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引用次数: 0
Cross-Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum spp. Isolated From Chilli Fruits 辣椒果实中炭疽菌的交叉致病性研究
IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2025-09-08 DOI: 10.1111/jph.70168
Nor Hidayah Mohd Zawawi, Nurul Farizah Azuddin, Nik Mohd Izham Mohamed Nor, Latiffah Zakaria

In Malaysia, four species of Colletotrichum, namely C. fioriniae, C. scovillei, C. fructicola and C. truncatum, have been identified as the causal pathogens of chilli anthracnose. In this study, we assessed the potential of cross infection of C. fioriniae, C. scovillei, C. fructicola and C. truncatum on banana, mango and tomato fruits. The most virulent species seems to be isolates of C. fioriniae, and tomato was the most susceptible host. The results of the pathogenicity test showed the risk of cross-infection of the four species of Colletotrichum from chilli fruits with bananas, mangoes and tomatoes. The presence of wounds on fruits enhances the pathogenic potential of Colletotrichum. Identifying the host range of Colletotrichum spp. is essential for developing disease management strategies and efficient quarantine protocols.

在马来西亚,已鉴定出4种炭疽病病原,即C. fioriniae、C. scovillei、C. fructicola和C. truncatum。本研究以香蕉、芒果和番茄为研究对象,研究了fioriniae、C. scovillei、C. fructicola和C. truncatum交叉侵染的可能性。毒力最强的菌株似乎是金黄色葡萄球菌的分离株,而番茄是最敏感的宿主。致病性试验结果表明,4种辣椒炭疽病菌与香蕉、芒果和番茄有交叉侵染的危险。果实上伤口的存在增强了炭疽病菌的致病潜力。确定炭疽病菌的寄主范围对制定疾病管理策略和有效的检疫方案至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Phytopathology
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