Pseudomonads produce a wide array of antimicrobial compounds including 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG), which possess a broad-spectrum antagonistic effect against phytopathogens. Rhizospheric soil samples were collected from the Solanaceous crops for isolation of fluorescent pseudomonads (FPs). Out of the 32 fluorescent bacterial isolates, 21 showed antagonistic activity against Ralstonia solanacearum (NAIMCC-B-01630) with the highest zone of inhibition at 38.33 mm. Among them, 11 bacterial isolates depicted the production of DAPG in Kings' B medium. DAPG production was detected by TLC and quantified through HPLC analysis. Moreover, the bacterial isolate OD13 exhibited higher DAPG production. Further, the presence of the DAPG-encoding phlD gene within the size of 629 bp and 725 bp was also validated through amplification. These bacterial isolates belonged to the genera Pseudomonas as confirmed by morpho-physiological characterization using the VITEK 2 system. The higher DAPG-producing bacterial isolate was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa by polyphasic approach with GenBank accession number OQ781265. Thus, the DAPG-producing rhizospheric Pseudomonas strains can be used as biocontrol agents for bacterial wilt. However, field study is highly essential before its successful application.
{"title":"Evaluation of antagonistic activity of DAPG-producing fluorescent pseudomonads from rhizospheres of Solanaceous crops for biocontrol of bacterial wilt","authors":"Anjali Suansia, Akshaya Kumar Senapati, Deviprasad Samantaray, Mahendra Kumar Mohanty","doi":"10.1111/jph.13315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.13315","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pseudomonads produce a wide array of antimicrobial compounds including 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG), which possess a broad-spectrum antagonistic effect against phytopathogens. Rhizospheric soil samples were collected from the Solanaceous crops for isolation of fluorescent pseudomonads (FPs). Out of the 32 fluorescent bacterial isolates, 21 showed antagonistic activity against <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> (NAIMCC-B-01630) with the highest zone of inhibition at 38.33 mm. Among them, 11 bacterial isolates depicted the production of DAPG in Kings' B medium. DAPG production was detected by TLC and quantified through HPLC analysis. Moreover, the bacterial isolate OD13 exhibited higher DAPG production. Further, the presence of the DAPG-encoding phlD gene within the size of 629 bp and 725 bp was also validated through amplification. These bacterial isolates belonged to the genera <i>Pseudomonas</i> as confirmed by morpho-physiological characterization using the VITEK 2 system. The higher DAPG-producing bacterial isolate was identified as <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> by polyphasic approach with GenBank accession number OQ781265. Thus, the DAPG-producing rhizospheric <i>Pseudomonas</i> strains can be used as biocontrol agents for bacterial wilt. However, field study is highly essential before its successful application.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141078935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mengdan Du, Hailin Yang, Xueru Song, Zhenggang Li, Xiaoman She, Lin Yu, Guobing Lan, Shanwen Ding, Zifu He, Yafei Tang
In April 2023, leaf curl, crinkling symptoms were found on Conyza canadensis plants around tobacco fields located at Yuxi, Yunan province, China. PCR detection with genus-specific primers showed that symptomatic C. canadensis plants was infected by begomovirus. The full-length viral components and satellite molecules from the diseased C. canadensis (YN-2023) were obtained by enrichment of circular DNA with rolling circle amplification, restriction enzyme digestion, cloning, and DNA sequencing. The viral component (2, 750 nt, OR509733) shared the highest nt identity at 92.4% to tobacco leaf curl Yunnan virus isolate YN5741 (TbLCYNV-YN5741 [CN:Yn:Age:16], MN218671). A satellite molecule (1, 339 nt, OR509734) shared the highest nt identity at 86.5% to tobacco curly shoot betasatellite isolate Y115 (TbCSB-Y115 [CN:Yn:03], AJ457822). Another satellite molecule (1, 357 nt, OR509735) shared the highest nt identity at 94.2% to ageratum yellow vein Singapore alphasatellite (AYVSGA-[Singapore:1998], NC003414). Based on the threshold for classification of Begomovirus, Betasatellite, Alphasatellite, YN-2023 was a new strain of TbLCYNV and associated with TbCSB and AYVSGA. To our best knowledge, this is the first report that C. canadensis is a natural host of TbLCYNV.
{"title":"Conyza canadensis, a new host of Tobacco leaf curl Yunnan virus in China","authors":"Mengdan Du, Hailin Yang, Xueru Song, Zhenggang Li, Xiaoman She, Lin Yu, Guobing Lan, Shanwen Ding, Zifu He, Yafei Tang","doi":"10.1111/jph.13312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.13312","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In April 2023, leaf curl, crinkling symptoms were found on <i>Conyza canadensis</i> plants around tobacco fields located at Yuxi, Yunan province, China. PCR detection with genus-specific primers showed that symptomatic <i>C. canadensis</i> plants was infected by <i>begomovirus</i>. The full-length viral components and satellite molecules from the diseased <i>C. canadensis</i> (YN-2023) were obtained by enrichment of circular DNA with rolling circle amplification, restriction enzyme digestion, cloning, and DNA sequencing. The viral component (2, 750 nt, OR509733) shared the highest nt identity at 92.4% to <i>tobacco leaf curl Yunnan virus</i> isolate YN5741 (TbLCYNV-YN5741 [CN:Yn:Age:16], MN218671). A satellite molecule (1, 339 nt, OR509734) shared the highest nt identity at 86.5% to <i>tobacco curly shoot betasatellite</i> isolate Y115 (TbCSB-Y115 [CN:Yn:03], AJ457822). Another satellite molecule (1, 357 nt, OR509735) shared the highest nt identity at 94.2% to <i>ageratum yellow vein Singapore alphasatellite</i> (AYVSGA-[Singapore:1998], NC003414). Based on the threshold for classification of <i>Begomovirus</i>, <i>Betasatellite</i>, <i>Alphasatellite</i>, YN-2023 was a new strain of TbLCYNV and associated with TbCSB and AYVSGA. To our best knowledge, this is the first report that <i>C. canadensis</i> is a natural host of TbLCYNV.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140881033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Potato black dot became an increasingly severe disease in Inner Mongolia, mainly infecting tubers, causing silvery to brown lesions on tuber skin with poorly defined margins and forming black sclerotia later as a sign of skin blemish diseases which significantly affected the yield and fresh market. The C11 and E21 strains isolated from symptomatic tubers of Harqin and Dalate counties were both identified as Colletotrichum coccodes by morphological and molecular identification. Tubers showing silver or brown scurf and black dot on skin were consistent with symptomatic samples collecting from the field in pathogenicity test. This study for pathogenic identification ascertained a tricky disease of potato in Inner Mongolia of China which will lay the foundation for subsequent studies on disease control.
{"title":"Potato black dot, a tricky disease caused by Colletotrichum coccodes in Inner Mongolia of China","authors":"Yuanzheng Zhao, Dong Wang, Chao Zhang, Jun Zhang, Limin Xu, Yuchen Cheng, Xiaoyong He, Hongyou Zhou","doi":"10.1111/jph.13310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.13310","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Potato black dot became an increasingly severe disease in Inner Mongolia, mainly infecting tubers, causing silvery to brown lesions on tuber skin with poorly defined margins and forming black sclerotia later as a sign of skin blemish diseases which significantly affected the yield and fresh market. The C11 and E21 strains isolated from symptomatic tubers of Harqin and Dalate counties were both identified as <i>Colletotrichum coccodes</i> by morphological and molecular identification. Tubers showing silver or brown scurf and black dot on skin were consistent with symptomatic samples collecting from the field in pathogenicity test. This study for pathogenic identification ascertained a tricky disease of potato in Inner Mongolia of China which will lay the foundation for subsequent studies on disease control.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140881034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spilosoma obliqua nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpobNPV) is known as a biocontrol agent against S. obliqua a polyphagous insect. Genome of an isolate designated as SpobMNPV was sequenced and found to have 136,141 bp, 139 putative open reading frames (ORFs) on both sense (48%) and anti-sense (52%) strands and 97.91% nucleotide similarity with Hyphantria cunea nucleopolyhedrovirus (HycuNPV). All the 38 core genes of baculoviruses were identified and validated in the SpobMNPV genome, which differed from SpobNPV–Manipur isolate in several aspects. In SpobMNPV genome, 7 h were found comprised of 2 to 16 repeated units of 67-bp at each site with an imperfect 30-bp palindrome near the centre in both orientations. Comparison of consensus palindrome sequences (hrcons) present in hrs with that of selected alphabaculovirus group I NPVs revealed them to be completely conserved at each side of the hrcons, that is 1-GxTTTxC-7 and 22-TxGxAAAxC-30. Based on phylogenetic analysis of 38 core genes, SpobMNPV was found closest to the HycuNPV in the group I alphabaculovirus. The complete genome of this isolate is being reported for the first time from North India. The information on genome analysis of SpobMNPV will be an addition to the available database on alphabaculoviruses and also accelerate research on SpobNPV as a component of integrated management of S. obliqua in many economically important crops.
{"title":"Genome assembly and annotation of Spilosoma obliqua multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus from Bihar hairy caterpillar, an agriculturally important insect pest","authors":"Mohammad Akram, Mir Asif Iquebal, Kiran Gandhi Baptala, Sarika Jaiswal, Sujayanand Gopalakrishnan Kesharivarmen, Naimuddin Kamaal, Jaisri J, Abhishek Bohra, Khelaram Soren, Deepak Kumar Sachan, Raja Husain, Deepender Kumar, Anil Rai, Dinesh Kumar","doi":"10.1111/jph.13308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.13308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Spilosoma obliqua</i> nucleopolyhedrovirus (SpobNPV) is known as a biocontrol agent against <i>S. obliqua</i> a polyphagous insect. Genome of an isolate designated as SpobMNPV was sequenced and found to have 136,141 bp, 139 putative open reading frames (ORFs) on both sense (48%) and anti-sense (52%) strands and 97.91% nucleotide similarity with <i>Hyphantria cunea</i> nucleopolyhedrovirus (HycuNPV). All the 38 core genes of baculoviruses were identified and validated in the SpobMNPV genome, which differed from SpobNPV–Manipur isolate in several aspects. In SpobMNPV genome, 7 h were found comprised of 2 to 16 repeated units of 67-bp at each site with an imperfect 30-bp palindrome near the centre in both orientations. Comparison of consensus palindrome sequences (<i>hrcons</i>) present in <i>hrs</i> with that of selected alphabaculovirus group I NPVs revealed them to be completely conserved at each side of the <i>hrcons</i>, that is 1-GxTTTxC-7 and 22-TxGxAAAxC-30. Based on phylogenetic analysis of 38 core genes, SpobMNPV was found closest to the HycuNPV in the group I alphabaculovirus. The complete genome of this isolate is being reported for the first time from North India. The information on genome analysis of SpobMNPV will be an addition to the available database on alphabaculoviruses and also accelerate research on SpobNPV as a component of integrated management of <i>S. obliqua</i> in many economically important crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Gabriela de Carlos da Rocha, Adriano Augusto de Paiva Custódio, Lucas Henrique Fantin, Karla Braga de Oliveira, Hércules Diniz Campos, Marcelo Giovanetti Canteri, Henrique da Silva Silveira Duarte
Grey leaf spot (GLS), caused by Cercospora spp., has become a very important foliar disease for second-crop corn season, mainly in South America. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate a standard area diagram set (SADs) to estimate the severity of GLS and to apply the SADs established in this study to evaluate the efficacy of fungicides for GLS control in field trials. The SADs with nine levels of severity (0.5; 2; 5; 10; 20; 30; 40; 50 and 60%) improved accuracy, precision and reliability. To evaluate the control of GLS in corn, two experiments spraying chemical fungicides were conducted, one in Rio Verde (GO) (experiment A) and another in Chapadão do Sul (MS) (experiment B). Both experiments were conducted in randomized block design, with 10 treatments and four replicates. For the severity assessment, the SADs elaborated in this study was used. From this severity data over time, disease progress curves, area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), and yield were obtained. Based on the AUDPC and yield values, all treatments differed from the control. The fungicide fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin + mefentrifluconazole had the highest value, giving 72.8% control efficacy and the highest yield maintenance of 43.5%. The other treatments had an intermediate control efficacy and yield. The SADs proposed here is a useful tool for improving visual assessments of GLS severity on corn leaves and fungicides can be used for integrated disease management.
由 Cercospora spp.引起的灰叶斑病(GLS)已成为二季玉米的一种非常重要的叶面病害,主要发生在南美洲。因此,本研究旨在开发和验证一套标准面积图(SADs)来估计灰叶斑病的严重程度,并在田间试验中应用本研究建立的 SADs 来评估杀菌剂对灰叶斑病的防治效果。九级严重程度(0.5;2;5;10;20;30;40;50 和 60%)的 SAD 提高了准确性、精确性和可靠性。为了评估玉米中 GLS 的控制情况,进行了两次喷洒化学杀菌剂的试验,一次在 Rio Verde(南澳大利亚州)(试验 A),另一次在 Chapadão do Sul(南澳大利亚州)(试验 B)。两项实验均采用随机区组设计,共设 10 个处理和 4 个重复。严重性评估采用了本研究中阐述的 SADs。根据随时间变化的严重程度数据,得出病害进展曲线、病害进展曲线下面积(AUDPC)和产量。根据病害进程曲线下面积和产量值,所有处理都与对照组不同。杀菌剂氟吡菌酰胺+吡唑醚菌酯+甲霜灵的效果值最高,防效为 72.8%,产量保持率最高,为 43.5%。其他处理的防治效果和产量居中。这里提出的 SADs 是改进玉米叶片 GLS 严重程度目测评估的有用工具,杀菌剂可用于病害综合防治。
{"title":"Development and validation of a standard area diagram set to assess corn grey leaf spot severity and foliar fungicide control efficacy","authors":"Maria Gabriela de Carlos da Rocha, Adriano Augusto de Paiva Custódio, Lucas Henrique Fantin, Karla Braga de Oliveira, Hércules Diniz Campos, Marcelo Giovanetti Canteri, Henrique da Silva Silveira Duarte","doi":"10.1111/jph.13311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.13311","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Grey leaf spot (GLS), caused by <i>Cercospora</i> spp., has become a very important foliar disease for second-crop corn season, mainly in South America. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate a standard area diagram set (SADs) to estimate the severity of GLS and to apply the SADs established in this study to evaluate the efficacy of fungicides for GLS control in field trials. The SADs with nine levels of severity (0.5; 2; 5; 10; 20; 30; 40; 50 and 60%) improved accuracy, precision and reliability. To evaluate the control of GLS in corn, two experiments spraying chemical fungicides were conducted, one in Rio Verde (GO) (experiment A) and another in Chapadão do Sul (MS) (experiment B). Both experiments were conducted in randomized block design, with 10 treatments and four replicates. For the severity assessment, the SADs elaborated in this study was used. From this severity data over time, disease progress curves, area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), and yield were obtained. Based on the AUDPC and yield values, all treatments differed from the control. The fungicide fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin + mefentrifluconazole had the highest value, giving 72.8% control efficacy and the highest yield maintenance of 43.5%. The other treatments had an intermediate control efficacy and yield. The SADs proposed here is a useful tool for improving visual assessments of GLS severity on corn leaves and fungicides can be used for integrated disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140820585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nurul Hidayah, Shamsul A. Bhuiyan, Karen Aitken, Victor Galea
Temperature and water potential are critical factors influencing the germination of Sporisorium scitamineum teliospores and subsequent crop infection. This paper reports on the effect of temperature, water potential and incubation time on S. scitamineum teliospore germination. A field trial was conducted to determine the influence of temperature and length of exposure to teliospores on smut incidence. A 200 μL aliquot of teliospore (1.5 × 106 teliospores/mL) was cultured on water agar (WA) amended by potassium chloride (KCl) or sucrose. The plates were incubated across a range of temperatures and incubation times. For the field trial, sugarcane setts were inoculated and incubated at different temperatures and for varying incubation periods. The results demonstrated that germination decreased with declining water potential with either KCl or sucrose. The greatest germination (95.8%) occurred on unamended WA incubated at 30°C for 6 h. Even at the lowest water potential of −45 bars and 30°C, 50% teliospores were still able to germinate. These results indicate that 30°C is the optimum temperature for teliospore germination and that S. scitamineum may still germinate in fairly dry conditions. However, high temperatures (40°C), greatly reduce S. scitamineum germination. These results are consistent with field trial outcomes, which showed that the highest disease incidence (40.4%) occurred when temperature of inoculation was maintained at 30°C. On the other hand, the incidence was significantly reduced to 5.7% at 35°C. The results suggested consistent conditions for teliospore germination and sugarcane bud infection, with a temperature of 30°C being optimal for both.
{"title":"Factors affecting the germination of teliospores of Sporisorium scitamineum and the development of sugarcane smut in the field","authors":"Nurul Hidayah, Shamsul A. Bhuiyan, Karen Aitken, Victor Galea","doi":"10.1111/jph.13307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.13307","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Temperature and water potential are critical factors influencing the germination of <i>Sporisorium scitamineum</i> teliospores and subsequent crop infection. This paper reports on the effect of temperature, water potential and incubation time on <i>S. scitamineum</i> teliospore germination. A field trial was conducted to determine the influence of temperature and length of exposure to teliospores on smut incidence. A 200 μL aliquot of teliospore (1.5 × 10<sup>6</sup> teliospores/mL) was cultured on water agar (WA) amended by potassium chloride (KCl) or sucrose. The plates were incubated across a range of temperatures and incubation times. For the field trial, sugarcane setts were inoculated and incubated at different temperatures and for varying incubation periods. The results demonstrated that germination decreased with declining water potential with either KCl or sucrose. The greatest germination (95.8%) occurred on unamended WA incubated at 30°C for 6 h. Even at the lowest water potential of −45 bars and 30°C, 50% teliospores were still able to germinate. These results indicate that 30°C is the optimum temperature for teliospore germination and that <i>S. scitamineum</i> may still germinate in fairly dry conditions. However, high temperatures (40°C), greatly reduce <i>S. scitamineum</i> germination. These results are consistent with field trial outcomes, which showed that the highest disease incidence (40.4%) occurred when temperature of inoculation was maintained at 30°C. On the other hand, the incidence was significantly reduced to 5.7% at 35°C. The results suggested consistent conditions for teliospore germination and sugarcane bud infection, with a temperature of 30°C being optimal for both.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jph.13307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140643436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eduarda Kalena Kirsch de Ramos, Paulo Cesar Pazdiora, Leandro Jose Dallagnol, Matheus Martins Pereira, Mayara Rodrigues de Souza, Jeronimo Vieira de Araujo Filho
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is one of the most important crops in southern Brazil, but little is known about the distribution and diversity of plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs). We surveyed the occurrence and diversity of PPNs in 36 tobacco-growing areas in southern Brazil as well as evaluated their relationship with 19 bioclimatic variables. For these purposes, extracted nematodes (from soil and roots) were identified based on morphological and biochemical traits and estimates of incidence and abundance were obtained, which were used to compute diversity indices. Furthermore, the relationship between taxa and diversity and the influence of bioclimatic variables were studied using principal component analysis (PCA) and generalized linear models (GLMs), respectively. We observed diversity across the sampled sites, with values varying from 0.03 to 1.22 and from 0.05 to 0.76 according to the Shannon-Wiener and Pielou's evenness indices, respectively. Seven genera of PPNs (Meloidogyne, Helicotylenchus, Tylenchus, Xiphinema, Pratylenchus, Paratylenchus and Mesocriconema) were identified, highlighting taxa with high incidence and abundance, such as Meloidogyne (100%; 1800 to 41,850 specimens/250 cm3), Helicotylenchus (100%; 50 to 9850 specimens/250 cm3), and Pratylenchus (86.1%; 50 to 1950 specimens/250 cm3). The PCA disclosed the major roles of Meloidogyne, Tylenchus, and Helicotylenchus in the structure of the PPN communities and their interplays. Among root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne javanica, M. arenaria and M. incognita were the predominant species. Using GLMs, we found that average annual temperature and annual precipitation strongly influenced the abundance of PPNs as well as the diversity indices (p < .01), with negative and/or positive interactions. Collectively, our findings fill gaps in knowledge about the current impact of PPNs and provide insights into future scenarios, including for other host crops.
{"title":"Drivers of plant parasitic nematode community structures associated with tobacco-growing areas in southern Brazil","authors":"Eduarda Kalena Kirsch de Ramos, Paulo Cesar Pazdiora, Leandro Jose Dallagnol, Matheus Martins Pereira, Mayara Rodrigues de Souza, Jeronimo Vieira de Araujo Filho","doi":"10.1111/jph.13309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.13309","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tobacco (<i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> L.) is one of the most important crops in southern Brazil, but little is known about the distribution and diversity of plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs). We surveyed the occurrence and diversity of PPNs in 36 tobacco-growing areas in southern Brazil as well as evaluated their relationship with 19 bioclimatic variables. For these purposes, extracted nematodes (from soil and roots) were identified based on morphological and biochemical traits and estimates of incidence and abundance were obtained, which were used to compute diversity indices. Furthermore, the relationship between taxa and diversity and the influence of bioclimatic variables were studied using principal component analysis (PCA) and generalized linear models (GLMs), respectively. We observed diversity across the sampled sites, with values varying from 0.03 to 1.22 and from 0.05 to 0.76 according to the Shannon-Wiener and Pielou's evenness indices, respectively. Seven genera of PPNs (<i>Meloidogyne</i>, <i>Helicotylenchus</i>, <i>Tylenchus</i>, <i>Xiphinema</i>, <i>Pratylenchus</i>, <i>Paratylenchus</i> and <i>Mesocriconema</i>) were identified, highlighting taxa with high incidence and abundance, such as <i>Meloidogyne</i> (100%; 1800 to 41,850 specimens/250 cm<sup>3</sup>), <i>Helicotylenchus</i> (100%; 50 to 9850 specimens/250 cm<sup>3</sup>), and <i>Pratylenchus</i> (86.1%; 50 to 1950 specimens/250 cm<sup>3</sup>). The PCA disclosed the major roles of <i>Meloidogyne</i>, <i>Tylenchus</i>, and <i>Helicotylenchus</i> in the structure of the PPN communities and their interplays. Among root-knot nematodes, <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i>, <i>M. arenaria</i> and <i>M. incognita</i> were the predominant species. Using GLMs, we found that average annual temperature and annual precipitation strongly influenced the abundance of PPNs as well as the diversity indices (<i>p</i> < .01), with negative and/or positive interactions. Collectively, our findings fill gaps in knowledge about the current impact of PPNs and provide insights into future scenarios, including for other host crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140643437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chunguang Ren, Yu Liu, Wenwen Su, Zhengcheng Han, Di Wu, Weijie Li
Diaporthe spp. (including their asexual Phomopsis states) are important plant pathogens found widely in different host plants, such as pathogens, endophytes or saprobes. In this study, a new species of Diaporthe causing fruit rot in kiwifruit, Diaporthe xiuwenensis sp. nov was isolated from kiwifruit with apparent soft rot symptoms during storage in Guizhou Province, China. Identification was made using morphology and comparison of DNA sequence data of the nuclear ribosomal ITS (internal transcribed spacer) + tef1 (translation elongation factor-1α) + tub2 (β-tubulin) + cal (calmodulin) + his (histone H3) gene regions. This study further described a new Diaporthe species and discussed its morphology and phylogenetic relationships with other Diaporthe species. Koch's postulates tests identified the causative agents of kiwifruit soft rot. The results of pathogenicity test showed that Diaporthe xiuwenensis sp. nov was pathogenic to kiwifruit, and the Koch's postulates were completed.
{"title":"Diaporthe xiuwenensis sp. nov, a new fungal species causing postharvest kiwifruit rot in Guizhou","authors":"Chunguang Ren, Yu Liu, Wenwen Su, Zhengcheng Han, Di Wu, Weijie Li","doi":"10.1111/jph.13306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.13306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Diaporthe</i> spp. (including their asexual <i>Phomopsis</i> states) are important plant pathogens found widely in different host plants, such as pathogens, endophytes or saprobes. In this study, a new species of <i>Diaporthe</i> causing fruit rot in kiwifruit, <i>Diaporthe xiuwenensis</i> sp. nov was isolated from kiwifruit with apparent soft rot symptoms during storage in Guizhou Province, China. Identification was made using morphology and comparison of DNA sequence data of the nuclear ribosomal ITS (internal transcribed spacer) + <i>tef1</i> (translation elongation factor-1α) + <i>tub2</i> (β-tubulin) + <i>cal</i> (calmodulin) + <i>his</i> (histone H3) gene regions. This study further described a new <i>Diaporthe</i> species and discussed its morphology and phylogenetic relationships with other <i>Diaporthe</i> species. Koch's postulates tests identified the causative agents of kiwifruit soft rot. The results of pathogenicity test showed that <i>Diaporthe xiuwenensis</i> sp. nov was pathogenic to kiwifruit, and the Koch's postulates were completed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140622668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fusarium crown rot (FCR) poses a significant threat to wheat crops, causing substantial grain loss and mycotoxin contamination. While chemical fungicides have been effective in controlling this disease, the need for environmentally friendly alternatives is paramount due to concerns about human health and fungicide resistance. This study delves into the efficacy of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida (NR_114226) as a plant growth-promoting and biocontrol agent against Fusarium graminearum (ON685926) and Fusarium pseudograminearum (ON687723). Greenhouse experiments demonstrated a significant reduction in disease severity by 66.06% through seed treatment with this rhizobacterial strain in soil already infested with fungal pathogens. Moreover, significant growth enhancement occurred in F. pseudograminearum-infected seedlings treated with P. plecoglossicida (F4 + P57), increasing plant height from 13.8 to 33.1 cm and root length from 9.56 to 19.62 cm, with notable improvements in fresh and dry weights. The study further validated these findings through enzymatic assays and analysis of synthesized secondary metabolites, including chitinase, protease, hydrocyanic acid, indole acetic acid, phosphate solubilization and siderophore production. These results strongly suggest that P. plecoglossicida has the potential to serve as an effective biocontrol agent against soilborne cereal pathogens.
镰刀菌冠腐病(FCR)对小麦作物构成严重威胁,会造成大量粮食损失和霉菌毒素污染。虽然化学杀真菌剂能有效控制这种病害,但由于对人类健康和杀真菌剂抗药性的担忧,对环境友好型替代品的需求非常迫切。本研究探讨了褶皱假单胞菌(NR_114226)作为植物生长促进剂和生物控制剂对禾谷镰刀菌(ON685926)和假禾谷镰刀菌(ON687723)的功效。温室实验表明,在已经受到真菌病原体侵染的土壤中使用这种根瘤菌株进行种子处理,病害严重程度显著降低了 66.06%。此外,用 P. plecoglossicida(F4 + P57)处理的受 F. pseudograminearum 感染的幼苗的生长也有明显改善,株高从 13.8 厘米增加到 33.1 厘米,根长从 9.56 厘米增加到 19.62 厘米,鲜重和干重也有明显改善。研究还通过酶测定和合成次生代谢物的分析进一步验证了这些发现,包括几丁质酶、蛋白酶、氢氰酸、吲哚乙酸、磷酸盐溶解和苷元生成。这些结果有力地表明,P. plecoglossicida 有潜力成为一种有效的生物控制剂,以对抗土壤传播的谷物病原体。
{"title":"Pseudomonas plecoglossicida (NR_114226) as a novel biocontrol agent against Fusarium crown rot of wheat","authors":"Kamel Eddine Makhlouf, Boungab Karima, Mokrani Slimane","doi":"10.1111/jph.13304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.13304","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fusarium crown rot (FCR) poses a significant threat to wheat crops, causing substantial grain loss and mycotoxin contamination. While chemical fungicides have been effective in controlling this disease, the need for environmentally friendly alternatives is paramount due to concerns about human health and fungicide resistance. This study delves into the efficacy of <i>Pseudomonas plecoglossicida</i> (NR_114226) as a plant growth-promoting and biocontrol agent against <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> (ON685926) and <i>Fusarium pseudograminearum</i> (ON687723). Greenhouse experiments demonstrated a significant reduction in disease severity by 66.06% through seed treatment with this rhizobacterial strain in soil already infested with fungal pathogens. Moreover, significant growth enhancement occurred in <i>F. pseudograminearum</i>-infected seedlings treated with <i>P. plecoglossicida</i> (F4 + P57), increasing plant height from 13.8 to 33.1 cm and root length from 9.56 to 19.62 cm, with notable improvements in fresh and dry weights. The study further validated these findings through enzymatic assays and analysis of synthesized secondary metabolites, including chitinase, protease, hydrocyanic acid, indole acetic acid, phosphate solubilization and siderophore production. These results strongly suggest that <i>P. plecoglossicida</i> has the potential to serve as an effective biocontrol agent against soilborne cereal pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140551055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maruzanete Pereira de Melo, Sara de Sousa Martins, Poliana Prates de Souza Soares, Naasoom Luiz Santos Mesquita, Armínio Santos, Quelmo Silva de Novaes, Vitória Cristina Santiago Alves, José Luiz Bezerra, Jadson Diogo Pereira Bezerra
Cacao (Theobroma cacoa L.) is an important tropical fruit tree used in chocolate production. Among the biotic problems interfering with fruit production, phytopathogenic fungi stand out. During a visit to cocoa production areas in the municipality of Medicilândia, Pará, Brazil (Amazon region), we observed cocoa fruits with dark lesions and greyish-white cottony mycelia growth. In order to determine the aetiological agent's identity, we extracted DNA and amplified part of the TEF-1α and RBP2 genes and compared them with sequences in GenBank using the BLASTn tool. Based on molecular results and phylogenetic analysis, the isolates were identified as Calonectria hawksworthii. Inoculations in cacao fruits showed symptoms after 6 days and were similar to those collected in the field, confirming the postulates. This study is the first report of Ca. hawksworthii causing cocoa bean rot worldwide.
可可(Theobroma cacoa L.)是一种重要的热带果树,用于生产巧克力。在干扰果实生产的生物问题中,植物病原真菌最为突出。在对巴西帕拉州美迪西兰迪亚市(亚马逊地区)的可可生产区进行考察期间,我们观察到可可果实出现黑色病变,并长出灰白色棉状菌丝。为了确定病原体的身份,我们提取了 DNA 并扩增了部分 TEF-1α 和 RBP2 基因,然后使用 BLASTn 工具将其与 GenBank 中的序列进行比较。根据分子结果和系统进化分析,确定分离物为 Calonectria hawksworthii。可可果实接种 6 天后出现症状,与田间采集的症状相似,证实了上述推测。这项研究是全球首次报道 Ca. hawksworthii 引起可可豆腐烂病。
{"title":"First report Calonectria hawksworthii as an aetiological agent of fruit rot of cocoa in Brazil","authors":"Maruzanete Pereira de Melo, Sara de Sousa Martins, Poliana Prates de Souza Soares, Naasoom Luiz Santos Mesquita, Armínio Santos, Quelmo Silva de Novaes, Vitória Cristina Santiago Alves, José Luiz Bezerra, Jadson Diogo Pereira Bezerra","doi":"10.1111/jph.13305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.13305","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cacao (<i>Theobroma cacoa</i> L.) is an important tropical fruit tree used in chocolate production. Among the biotic problems interfering with fruit production, phytopathogenic fungi stand out. During a visit to cocoa production areas in the municipality of Medicilândia, Pará, Brazil (Amazon region), we observed cocoa fruits with dark lesions and greyish-white cottony mycelia growth. In order to determine the aetiological agent's identity, we extracted DNA and amplified part of the <i>TEF-1α</i> and <i>RBP2</i> genes and compared them with sequences in GenBank using the BLASTn tool. Based on molecular results and phylogenetic analysis, the isolates were identified as <i>Calonectria hawksworthii</i>. Inoculations in cacao fruits showed symptoms after 6 days and were similar to those collected in the field, confirming the postulates. This study is the first report of <i>Ca. hawksworthii</i> causing cocoa bean rot worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":16843,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Phytopathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140551056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}