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Ethical assessment of virtual consultation services: application of a practical ethical checklist to direct-to-consumer services in Aotearoa New Zealand. 虚拟咨询服务的伦理评估:新西兰奥特亚罗瓦地区直接面向消费者服务的实用伦理清单应用。
IF 1.1 Q4 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1071/HC24030
Madeleine Reid, Tania Moerenhout

Introduction Evaluating digital health services from an ethical perspective remains one of the more difficult challenges in telemedicine and health technology assessment. We have previously developed a practical ethical checklist comprising 25 questions covering six ethical themes: privacy, security, and confidentiality; equity; autonomy and informed consent; quality and standards of care; patient empowerment; and continuity of care. The checklist makes ethical analysis more easily accessible to a broader audience, including health care providers, technology developers, and patients. Aim This project applies the previously developed practical ethical checklist to direct-to-consumer virtual primary care consultation services in Aotearoa New Zealand to conduct an ethical assessment. Method We first mapped the available services. The ethical framework was then applied to assess these services based on publicly available information. Results Our findings show that the examined virtual consultation services adequately address ethical considerations, particularly regarding patient data privacy and informed consent. We identified areas for improvement in equity, patient empowerment, and continuity of care. Discussion The application of this framework raises fundamental questions on how continuity of care, equity, and comprehensive care can be protected when virtual care becomes more ubiquitous. The checklist can help virtual consultation services identify areas of improvement and ensure they meet ethical criteria, thus contributing to quality of care. The framework may be adapted to other digital health services and tools, providing ethical guidance to technology developers, clinicians, and patients and their whānau (family).

引言 从伦理角度评估数字医疗服务仍然是远程医疗和医疗技术评估中较为困难的挑战之一。我们之前开发了一份实用的伦理清单,包含 25 个问题,涵盖六个伦理主题:隐私、安全和保密;公平;自主权和知情同意;护理质量和标准;患者授权;以及护理的连续性。该清单使包括医疗服务提供者、技术开发人员和患者在内的更多受众更容易获得伦理分析。目的 本项目将之前开发的实用伦理核对表应用于新西兰奥特亚罗瓦地区直接面向消费者的虚拟初级医疗咨询服务,以进行伦理评估。方法 我们首先绘制了可用服务的地图。然后,根据公开信息,运用伦理框架对这些服务进行评估。结果 我们的研究结果表明,所考察的虚拟咨询服务充分考虑了伦理因素,尤其是在患者数据隐私和知情同意方面。我们发现了在公平性、患者授权和护理连续性方面需要改进的地方。讨论 该框架的应用提出了一些基本问题,即当虚拟医疗变得越来越普遍时,如何保护医疗服务的连续性、公平性和全面性。检查表可以帮助虚拟咨询服务确定需要改进的地方,确保其符合道德标准,从而提高医疗质量。该框架可适用于其他数字医疗服务和工具,为技术开发人员、临床医生、患者及其家人提供伦理指导。
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引用次数: 0
Who uses yoga and why? Who teaches yoga? Insights from a national survey in New Zealand. 谁在使用瑜伽,为什么?谁在教瑜伽?新西兰全国调查的启示。
IF 1.1 Q4 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1071/HC23102
Sridhar Maddela, Stephen Buetow, Ruth Teh, Fiona Moir

Introduction Globally, yoga has gained popularity as a health-promoting and disease-prevention discipline. The common health conditions prompting yoga use include musculoskeletal disorders, mental health conditions, asthma, fibromyalgia, arthritis, diabetes, and cancers. Although the therapeutic benefits of using yoga are well documented, little is known about the characteristics of yoga instructors (YIs) and yoga users (YUs) in New Zealand (NZ). Aim This paper seeks to profile the characteristics of NZ YIs and YUs and explore reasons for yoga use. Methods Online surveys for YIs and YUs were conducted to collect the sociodemographic characteristics of 84 YIs and 267 YUs. Descriptive statistics were used to determine trends. Results The surveys were conducted between September 2020 and February 2021. The YIs were predominantly female (87.1%) with mean ± s.d. years of practice of 9.8 ± 0.8 (95% CI: 8.2, 11.4). YUs were most commonly female (86%), of NZ European descent (63%), aged 45-64 years (56%), not married (52.5%), and with a university or higher education qualification (61.5%). They use yoga to alleviate chronic health conditions like back pain (18%), menopausal symptoms (14.5%), anxiety (13.5%) and depression (11.5%). Discussion Most YIs in NZ are females facilitating moderate-sized yoga classes. YUs in NZ are disproportionately NZ European, female, middle-aged and tertiary educated. They use yoga to help manage long-term conditions, including mental ill-health and musculoskeletal disorders. The study findings could inform health professionals regarding the utilisation of yoga in NZ. Further research is required to gain insights into yoga use.

导言:在全球范围内,瑜伽作为一门促进健康和预防疾病的学科已越来越受欢迎。促使人们使用瑜伽的常见疾病包括肌肉骨骼疾病、精神疾病、哮喘、纤维肌痛、关节炎、糖尿病和癌症。虽然使用瑜伽的治疗效果有据可查,但人们对新西兰(NZ)瑜伽教练(YIs)和瑜伽使用者(YUs)的特点却知之甚少。目的 本文旨在了解新西兰瑜伽教练和瑜伽使用者的特点,并探讨他们使用瑜伽的原因。方法 对 YIs 和 YUs 进行在线调查,收集 84 名 YIs 和 267 名 YUs 的社会人口特征。使用描述性统计来确定趋势。结果 调查于 2020 年 9 月至 2021 年 2 月进行。YIs主要为女性(87.1%),平均从业年限为9.8 ± 0.8 (95% CI: 8.2, 11.4)。瑜伽练习者中最常见的是女性(86%)、新西兰欧洲后裔(63%)、45-64 岁(56%)、未婚(52.5%)、拥有大学或高等教育学历(61.5%)。他们通过瑜伽来缓解慢性疾病,如背痛(18%)、更年期症状(14.5%)、焦虑(13.5%)和抑郁(11.5%)。讨论 新西兰的大多数青年瑜伽者都是女性,她们主持中等规模的瑜伽课程。新西兰的瑜伽学员大多是新西兰籍欧洲人、女性、中年人和受过高等教育的人。她们使用瑜伽来帮助控制长期疾病,包括精神疾病和肌肉骨骼疾病。研究结果可为保健专业人员提供有关新西兰瑜伽使用情况的信息。要深入了解瑜伽的使用情况,还需要进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Rural health in Aotearoa New Zealand: current state and future challenges. 新西兰奥特亚罗瓦的农村卫生:现状与未来挑战。
IF 1.1 Q4 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1071/HC24136
Tim Stokes, Felicity Goodyear-Smith
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引用次数: 0
Worldviews of hearing health for Pacific peoples in Aotearoa New Zealand: a mixed methods study. 新西兰奥特亚罗瓦太平洋岛屿族裔的听力健康世界观:一项混合方法研究。
IF 1.1 Q4 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1071/HC23123
Elizabeth A-L Holt, Latasi Koro, Fiona Langridge, Vili Nosa

Introduction Pacific peoples experience inequity in accessing hearing health care and are disproportionately exposed to the underlying determinants impacting ear and hearing health in Aotearoa New Zealand. Understanding community members' worldviews, including perspectives, beliefs and values, is essential in developing appropriate and responsive hearing healthcare services to meet the needs of Pacific peoples. Aim The purpose of this paper is to understand the worldviews, knowledge and beliefs held by Pacific peoples regarding hearing health in Aotearoa New Zealand. Methods A mixed-methods approach was used. Twelve semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with Pacific community members. Twenty-five participants completed an online questionnaire. A simultaneous, integrated mixed-methods approach was used to analyse the qualitative and quantitative data. Results Five main themes were established, which were: The Meaning of Hearing; Causes of hearing loss; Consequences of hearing loss and Disability; and Improving health care for ear disease and hearing loss. Discussion Pacific peoples value hearing health to communicate and connect with their families and communities. Participants highlighted the importance of hearing health across the life course. Although the study findings revealed there is potentially less stigma and shame around hearing loss in New Zealand, denial and fatalistic attitudes towards hearing loss may delay some people from seeking healthcare services. Participants expressed key ways in which the health system can be more responsive to the hearing health needs of Pacific peoples in Aotearoa New Zealand.

引言 在新西兰奥特亚罗瓦,太平洋岛民在获得听力保健服务方面遭受着不公平待遇,而且过多地受到影响耳朵和听力健康的基本决定因素的影响。了解社区成员的世界观,包括视角、信仰和价值观,对于发展适当的听力保健服务以满足太平洋岛屿族裔的需求至关重要。目的 本文旨在了解新西兰奥特亚罗瓦地区太平洋岛屿族裔在听力保健方面所持有的世界观、知识和信仰。方法 采用混合方法。对太平洋社区成员进行了 12 次半结构化面对面访谈。25 名参与者填写了一份在线问卷。采用同步综合混合方法分析定性和定量数据。结果 确定了五大主题,分别是听觉的意义;听力损失的原因;听力损失的后果和残疾;改善耳病和听力损失的医疗保健。讨论 太平洋地区的人们重视听力健康,以便与家人和社区沟通和联系。参与者强调了听力健康在整个生命过程中的重要性。尽管研究结果表明,新西兰人对听力损失的耻辱感和羞耻感可能会减少,但对听力损失的否认和宿命论态度可能会阻碍一些人寻求医疗保健服务。与会者提出了保健系统能够更好地满足新西兰奥特亚罗瓦太平洋岛屿居民听力健康需求的主要方法。
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引用次数: 0
A supported primary health pathway for mild traumatic brain injury quality improvement report. 轻度脑外伤辅助初级保健路径质量改进报告。
IF 1.1 Q4 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1071/HC23131
A Theadom, J Chua, A Sintmaartensdyk, S Kara, R Barnes, R Macharg, E Leckey, A Mirza

Introduction Best-practice guidelines recommend that patients are followed-up to check if they have recovered following a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and to refer to concussion services, if needed. However, in New Zealand, rates of follow-up are low and access to concussion services can be delayed. Aim We aimed to improve rates of follow-up and access to concussion services for mTBI patients aged ≥8 years by the implementation of a supported health pathway and test its success. Methods The pathway included a decision support tool, funded follow-up appointments, clinician training and a patient education resource. Sociodemographics, injury details and proportions of patients receiving a follow-up by type and time were extracted from the Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) database between 18 May 22 and 30 June 23 and compared to national ACC data prior to implementation. Results Data were extracted for 220 patients, with a mean age of 31.5 years, 51.4% female and 21.4% Māori and Pacific. There was an increase in the proportion of patients receiving a follow-up from 36% pre-implementation to 56.8% post-implementation. Sixty-three patients (28.6%) accessed a concussion service post-implementation compared to 10% pre-implementation. Time to concussion service reduced from an average of 55 (s.d. = 65.4) to 37 days (29.5). Discussion Risk factor criteria within the decision support tool need to be weighted to improve specificity of referrals. Timing from injury to medical review in primary care needs to be considered. This quality improvement project provides preliminary evidence for implementation of a supported health care pathway for mTBI.

导言:最佳实践指南建议对患者进行随访,以检查他们在轻微创伤性脑损伤(mTBI)后是否已经康复,并在必要时转诊至脑震荡服务机构。然而,在新西兰,随访率很低,脑震荡服务的提供也可能被延迟。目的 我们旨在通过实施辅助健康路径,提高年龄≥8 岁的 mTBI 患者的随访率和脑震荡服务的获得率,并测试其成功率。方法 该路径包括决策支持工具、资助随访预约、临床医生培训和患者教育资源。从事故赔偿公司(ACC)的数据库中提取了 22 年 5 月 18 日至 23 年 6 月 30 日期间的社会人口统计数据、受伤详情以及按类型和时间接受随访的患者比例,并与实施前的全国 ACC 数据进行了比较。结果 提取了220名患者的数据,他们的平均年龄为31.5岁,51.4%为女性,21.4%为毛利人和太平洋岛屿族裔。接受随访的患者比例从实施前的 36% 增加到实施后的 56.8%。63名患者(28.6%)在实施后获得了脑震荡服务,而实施前这一比例为10%。接受脑震荡治疗的时间从平均 55 天(s.d. = 65.4)缩短至 37 天(29.5)。讨论 需要对决策支持工具中的风险因素标准进行加权,以提高转诊的特异性。需要考虑从受伤到初级保健医疗审查的时间。该质量改进项目为实施 mTBI 辅助医疗路径提供了初步证据。
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引用次数: 0
Checklists for assessing ethical aspects of health technologies and services. 评估医疗技术和服务伦理问题的核对表。
IF 1.1 Q4 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1071/HC24092
Bjørn Hofmann
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引用次数: 0
The experiences of healthcare providers who refer to a campus-based pharmacy clinic: a qualitative analysis. 转诊到校园药房诊所的医疗服务提供者的经验:定性分析。
IF 1.1 Q4 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1071/HC24022
Tara F Wheeler, Sharon Leitch, Carlo A Marra

Introduction The University of Otago School of Pharmacy Clinic (the Clinic) is a campus-based non-dispensing clinic that offers consultation-based medicines optimisation services to patients. Aim This project aims to understand the experiences and opinions of healthcareproviders who have referred patients to the School of Pharmacy Clinic, specifically: their motivation for referring patients; how the Clinic impacts providers, patients and the wider health system; provider satisfaction; and opportunities for further collaboration. Methods Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from 15 participants who represented five health professions. An inductive reflexive thematic analysis approach was used to analyse the dataset from which codes and themes were developed. Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) was used to structure the interview guide and as a framework to present themes. Results Seven themes were developed; 'Perceptions of Pharmacists' (Coherence), 'Motivators for Engagement' and 'Barriers to Engagement' (Cognitive Participation), 'Utility of Pharmacist Feedback' and 'Opportunities' (Collective Action) and 'Referrers' Experiences' and 'Patient-centred Care' (Reflexive Action). Discussion Healthcare providers described predominantly positive experiences. Medically complex cases and patients requiring medicines education were most likely to be referred for consultation. Engaging with the Clinic presented valuable opportunities for interprofessional collaborative practice and continuing professional education. Referrers would like more regular contact with Clinic pharmacists to encourage interprofessional collaborative relationships. Patients were thought to benefit from their pharmacist's clinical expertise, time, patient-centred approach and subsequent medication and health optimisation. Integration of Clinic pharmacists into specialist outpatient clinics at Dunedin Hospital may broaden the scope and improve efficiency of their services.

简介:奥塔哥大学药学院诊所(以下简称 "诊所")是一家以校园为基地的非配药诊所,为患者提供以咨询为基础的药物优化服务。本项目旨在了解曾向药学院诊所转介病人的医疗服务提供者的经验和意见,特别是:他们转介病人的动机;诊所如何影响医疗服务提供者、病人和更广泛的医疗系统;医疗服务提供者的满意度;以及进一步合作的机会。研究方法 采用半结构式访谈法,从代表五个医疗专业的 15 位参与者那里收集数据。采用归纳式反思主题分析方法对数据集进行分析,并从中生成代码和主题。归一化过程理论(NPT)被用来构建访谈指南,并作为呈现主题的框架。结果 确定了七个主题:"对药剂师的看法"(一致性)、"参与的动机 "和 "参与的障碍"(认知参与)、"药剂师反馈的效用 "和 "机会"(集体行动)以及 "转诊者的经历 "和 "以患者为中心的护理"(反思行动)。讨论 医疗服务提供者描述的经验主要是积极的。病情复杂的病例和需要接受药物教育的病人最有可能被转诊。与诊所的合作为跨专业合作实践和继续专业教育提供了宝贵的机会。转介者希望与诊所药剂师有更多定期联系,以鼓励跨专业合作关系。患者认为,药剂师的临床专业知识、时间、以患者为中心的方法以及随后的用药和健康优化都能让他们受益。将诊所药剂师纳入达尼丁医院的专科门诊可扩大其服务范围并提高效率。
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引用次数: 0
Aotearoa New Zealand general practice workforce crisis: what are our solutions? 新西兰全科医生队伍危机:我们的解决方案是什么?
IF 1.1 Q4 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1071/HC23178
Albert Andrew
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引用次数: 0
A community of practice intervention to increase education-focused mental health promotion actions among interdisciplinary professionals: a qualitative study. 在跨学科专业人员中开展以教育为重点的心理健康促进行动的实践社区干预:定性研究。
IF 1.1 Q4 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1071/HC23142
Ema Tokolahi, Deirdre Richardson, Susan Bazyk

Introduction Through a unique, inter-sectoral and interprofessional initiative, practitioners from education, health and social service sectors were invited to participate in communities of practice, facilitated online. The focus was on building workforce capacity to address the mental health needs of children and youth. Aim This paper explores interprofessional workforce development by translating knowledge from a mental health promotion initiative developed overseas into the Aotearoa New Zealand context. Methods Over a 6-month period, practitioners engaged in an iterative, capacity-building process, where they had access to the initiative materials and resources, shared practice stories, networked, and discussed barriers and facilitators for implementation. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to interpret data. Results Members of the communities of practice engaged in storytelling and made sense of the initiative in relation to their previous knowledge and experiences: practice and thinking were validated. Mental health promotion was positioned as the responsibility of all sectors and the need for effective interprofessional collaboration was deemed essential. Furthermore, translation of the initiative into the bicultural context of Aotearoa New Zealand demanded and deserved sustained attention. Discussion This study contributes interprofessional and inter-sectoral evidence for building workforce capacity to address the mental health needs of children and youth. Further research is warranted to investigate the outcomes for the children and youth served. Interprofessional communities of practice were shown to provide a sustainable mechanism by which knowledge can be received, transformed and translated into practice.

导言 通过一项独特的跨部门和跨专业倡议,来自教育、卫生和社会服务部门的从业人员应邀参加了在线实践社区活动。活动的重点是培养从业人员的能力,以满足儿童和青少年的心理健康需求。目的 本文通过将海外开展的一项心理健康促进活动的知识转化到新西兰奥特亚罗瓦的环境中,探索跨专业劳动力的发展。方法 在为期 6 个月的时间里,从业人员参与了一个迭代的能力建设过程,在这个过程中,他们可以使用该倡议的材料和资源,分享实践故事,建立网络,并讨论实施的障碍和促进因素。对数据进行了定性专题分析。结果 实践社区的成员参与了讲故事活动,并结合自己以前的知识和经验对倡议进行了理解:实践和思考得到了验证。促进心理健康被定位为所有部门的责任,有效的跨专业合作被认为是必不可少的。此外,将该倡议转化为新西兰奥特亚罗瓦的双文化背景需要并值得持续关注。讨论 本研究提供了跨专业和跨部门的证据,有助于提高劳动力的能力,以满足儿童和青少 年的心理健康需求。有必要开展进一步的研究,以调查所服务的儿童和青少年的成果。研究表明,跨专业实践社区提供了一种可持续的机制,通过这种机制可以接收、转化知识并将其转化为实践。
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引用次数: 0
Advanced practice physiotherapists in primary health care: stakeholders' views of a new scope of practice. 初级医疗保健中的高级物理治疗师:利益相关者对新执业范围的看法。
IF 1.1 Q4 PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1071/HC24029
Gill Stotter, Eileen McKinlay, Ben Darlow

Introduction Advanced and extended primary health care practice roles have been developed in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) for dietetics, nursing, pharmacy, and physiotherapy professions. Advanced musculoskeletal physiotherapy roles in primary health care could address escalating health care costs, challenges to workforce sustainability and inefficient primary/secondary care interfaces. Little is known about how stakeholders perceive the recently introduced Advanced Practice Physiotherapist (APP) scope of practice. Aim This study aimed to explore health professionals' perceptions of the APP scope of practice in NZ and how APPs could influence physiotherapy service delivery for people with musculoskeletal conditions in primary health care. Methods Qualitative, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 participants including physiotherapists, general practitioners, medical specialists and Accident Compensation Corporation case managers. Inductive interpretive analysis was undertaken. Results Five themes were identified: perceptions of current musculoskeletal management in primary health care; lack of a career pathway; ways in which APPs might facilitate change and what their role would be; characteristics of an APP; and the implementation of the APP role into practice. Discussion Stakeholders were supportive of the APP scope of practice and thought it has the potential to improve patient pathways, health care delivery and health outcomes for those with musculoskeletal conditions. Stakeholders also thought it would fill an important gap in the physiotherapy clinical career pathway. Successful implementation will require assessment of applicants' personal attributes as well as clinical experience and academic qualifications to ensure all stakeholders have confidence to engage with the service, clear communication, active promotion and specific funding.

导言:在新西兰奥特亚罗瓦(NZ),营养学、护理、药学和物理治疗专业已经发展出高级和扩展的初级医疗保健实践角色。初级医疗保健中的高级肌肉骨骼物理治疗角色可以解决医疗保健成本上升、劳动力可持续性面临挑战以及初级/中级医疗保健接口效率低下等问题。对于利益相关者如何看待最近推出的高级实践物理治疗师(APP)的执业范围,我们知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨新西兰医疗专业人员对APP执业范围的看法,以及APP如何影响初级医疗机构为肌肉骨骼疾病患者提供的物理治疗服务。研究方法 对物理治疗师、全科医生、医学专家和事故赔偿公司个案经理等 15 名参与者进行了定性、面对面、半结构化访谈。对访谈内容进行了归纳解释性分析。结果 确定了五个主题:对当前初级医疗保健中肌肉骨骼管理的看法;缺乏职业发展途径;APP促进变革的方式及其作用;APP的特点;以及将APP角色落实到实践中。讨论 各利益相关者对APP的执业范围表示支持,并认为它有可能改善患者的就医途径、医疗服务的提供以及肌肉骨骼疾病患者的健康状况。利益相关者还认为,它将填补物理治疗临床职业途径中的一个重要空白。要成功实施该计划,需要对申请者的个人素质、临床经验和学历进行评估,以确保所有利益相关者都有信心参与这项服务,还需要清晰的沟通、积极的宣传和专项资金的支持。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of primary health care
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