<p>Raman spectroscopy is considered as one of the most valued and important techniques in the art and archaeology analysis field. Its increasing importance when the technique is applied on cultural heritage objects is reflected on the number of <i>peer reviewed</i> papers published each year on a variety of journals regarding cultural heritage science, analytical chemistry and (vibrational) spectroscopy, among others. Moreover, the importance of the application Raman spectroscopy on works of art and archaeology together with its improvements and breakthroughs is underlined on dedicated international scientific conferences (and sessions) such as the International Conference on the Application of Raman Spectroscopy in Art and Archaeology (RAA).</p><p>The RAA conferences is a great gathering of scientists working on Raman spectroscopy and its instrumental developments and an excellent opportunity to be informed on the latest advances of the technique on Cultural Heritage studies. The first edition of the RAA conference was realized in London in 2001 [<span>1</span>], followed by Ghent (2003) [<span>2</span>] and then Paris (2005) [<span>3</span>], Modena (2007) [<span>4</span>], Bilbao (2009) [<span>5</span>], Parma (2011) [<span>6</span>], Ljubljana (2013) [<span>7</span>], Wroclaw (2015) [<span>8</span>], Évora (2017) [<span>9</span>] and Potsdam (2019) [<span>10</span>]. The 11<sup>th</sup> edition of the RAA conference (RAA2023, 6 to 9 September 2023) was hosted by the National Gallery-Alexandros Soutsos Museum, located in Athens, Greece in collaboration with Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. For the first time, the RAA2023 conference included a <i>two-day</i> Raman spectroscopy training school (4 to 5 September 2023) on selected topics addressed to students and early career researchers.</p><p>As the previous editions, the scientific programme was focused on characterization of materials associated with cultural heritage research (natural and synthetic inorganic and organic materials including biological materials), degradation processes, conservation related themes and challenges, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), chemometrics, Raman spectroscopy related topics in paleontology, paleoenvironment and archaeology, the development and progresses of Raman techniques and the application, advantages and challenges of new Raman instrumentation. The aforementioned topics can be connected either to laboratory or in situ analysis, or both while Raman spectroscopy should act as a core technique in studies that include other analytical techniques. During the RAA2023, these type of studies were organized in 3 keynote and 1 plenary lectures, 30 oral presentations, 4 sponsor oral presentations and 37 poster presentations. The RAA2023 conference garnered 100 registries from 21 countries. There were 332 authors and co-authors in the studies of the conference's scientific programme.</p><p>This special issue includes 14 selected manuscripts reflecting th
{"title":"Applications of Raman Spectroscopy in Art and Archaeology","authors":"Anastasia Rousaki, Juan Manuel Madariaga","doi":"10.1002/jrs.6756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6756","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Raman spectroscopy is considered as one of the most valued and important techniques in the art and archaeology analysis field. Its increasing importance when the technique is applied on cultural heritage objects is reflected on the number of <i>peer reviewed</i> papers published each year on a variety of journals regarding cultural heritage science, analytical chemistry and (vibrational) spectroscopy, among others. Moreover, the importance of the application Raman spectroscopy on works of art and archaeology together with its improvements and breakthroughs is underlined on dedicated international scientific conferences (and sessions) such as the International Conference on the Application of Raman Spectroscopy in Art and Archaeology (RAA).</p><p>The RAA conferences is a great gathering of scientists working on Raman spectroscopy and its instrumental developments and an excellent opportunity to be informed on the latest advances of the technique on Cultural Heritage studies. The first edition of the RAA conference was realized in London in 2001 [<span>1</span>], followed by Ghent (2003) [<span>2</span>] and then Paris (2005) [<span>3</span>], Modena (2007) [<span>4</span>], Bilbao (2009) [<span>5</span>], Parma (2011) [<span>6</span>], Ljubljana (2013) [<span>7</span>], Wroclaw (2015) [<span>8</span>], Évora (2017) [<span>9</span>] and Potsdam (2019) [<span>10</span>]. The 11<sup>th</sup> edition of the RAA conference (RAA2023, 6 to 9 September 2023) was hosted by the National Gallery-Alexandros Soutsos Museum, located in Athens, Greece in collaboration with Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. For the first time, the RAA2023 conference included a <i>two-day</i> Raman spectroscopy training school (4 to 5 September 2023) on selected topics addressed to students and early career researchers.</p><p>As the previous editions, the scientific programme was focused on characterization of materials associated with cultural heritage research (natural and synthetic inorganic and organic materials including biological materials), degradation processes, conservation related themes and challenges, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), chemometrics, Raman spectroscopy related topics in paleontology, paleoenvironment and archaeology, the development and progresses of Raman techniques and the application, advantages and challenges of new Raman instrumentation. The aforementioned topics can be connected either to laboratory or in situ analysis, or both while Raman spectroscopy should act as a core technique in studies that include other analytical techniques. During the RAA2023, these type of studies were organized in 3 keynote and 1 plenary lectures, 30 oral presentations, 4 sponsor oral presentations and 37 poster presentations. The RAA2023 conference garnered 100 registries from 21 countries. There were 332 authors and co-authors in the studies of the conference's scientific programme.</p><p>This special issue includes 14 selected manuscripts reflecting th","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"55 12","pages":"1218-1223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jrs.6756","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Among the materials constituting our cultural heritage, parchment has a significant role as the substrate of many archival documents. The assessment of its state of preservation has an important benefit to conservation and delineates the adequate preventive measures that would lead to better-controlled storage and exhibition conditions in museums and libraries worldwide. In the framework of this project, artificial aging of 48 new goat parchment samples was performed to induce deterioration similar to naturally aged parchment exposed to atmospheric pollutants. Five factors have been examined: relative humidity; NO2; SO2; exposure time, and the order of sequential exposure to NO2 and SO2. Temperature was kept constant at 25°C, while the effect of the above-mentioned factors was examined at two levels (low and high). Statistics was involved in advance in the experimental design. Raman spectroscopy along with attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy were used to investigate the condition of collagen in parchment. The entire set of environmental factors along with detected changes in the spectra were investigated through a chemometrics scheme involving analysis of variance (ANOVA). According to the results, the onset of collagen's secondary structure decomposition was observed. Statistical elaboration of data reveals that the two analytical methods (Raman and ATR-FTIR) function in a complementary manner related to the molecular changes and the chemical reactions that happen. In conclusion, both methods can increase their impact on the investigation of parchment degradation if they are combined with other analytical methods and chemometric applications.
{"title":"The Complementary Use of Raman, ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy, and Chemometrics for Investigating the Deterioration of Artificially Aged Parchment","authors":"Ekaterini Malea, Stamatis C. Boyatzis, Dimitris Karlis, Dimitrios Palles, Soghomon Boghosian, Spiros Zervos","doi":"10.1002/jrs.6755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6755","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Among the materials constituting our cultural heritage, parchment has a significant role as the substrate of many archival documents. The assessment of its state of preservation has an important benefit to conservation and delineates the adequate preventive measures that would lead to better-controlled storage and exhibition conditions in museums and libraries worldwide. In the framework of this project, artificial aging of 48 new goat parchment samples was performed to induce deterioration similar to naturally aged parchment exposed to atmospheric pollutants. Five factors have been examined: relative humidity; NO<sub>2</sub>; SO<sub>2</sub>; exposure time, and the order of sequential exposure to NO<sub>2</sub> and SO<sub>2</sub>. Temperature was kept constant at 25°C, while the effect of the above-mentioned factors was examined at two levels (low and high). Statistics was involved in advance in the experimental design. Raman spectroscopy along with attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy were used to investigate the condition of collagen in parchment. The entire set of environmental factors along with detected changes in the spectra were investigated through a chemometrics scheme involving analysis of variance (ANOVA). According to the results, the onset of collagen's secondary structure decomposition was observed. Statistical elaboration of data reveals that the two analytical methods (Raman and ATR-FTIR) function in a complementary manner related to the molecular changes and the chemical reactions that happen. In conclusion, both methods can increase their impact on the investigation of parchment degradation if they are combined with other analytical methods and chemometric applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16926,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Raman Spectroscopy","volume":"55 12","pages":"1266-1280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jrs.6755","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}