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Wilkie Collins: The Complete Fiction, by Stephen Knight 威尔基-柯林斯小说全集》,斯蒂芬-奈特著
Pub Date : 2024-01-27 DOI: 10.47777/cankujhss.1426760
Ahmet Can Vargün
Stephen Knight’s monograph, Wilkie Collins: The Complete Fiction (2023, Routledge) is a detailed study of Wilkie Collins’ life and career as a complex and accomplished author; ultimately, it presents a call for more scholarly attention and interest in his works. The study engages Collins’ complete fiction by grounding his texts in historical and biographical context. Knight offers extensive background about events, politics, anecdotes, and interactions as Collins built his writing career. Moreover, the study presents details about Collins’ life, his engagement with the publishing industry, and his interaction with other authors at the time. By this approach, the book explores Collins’ literary production considering the influence of consumption, and the criticism of his works to better understand and position him as a complex and successful author. Knight’s monograph also offers historical context and recent scholarly criticism of Collins studies. While this exploration sheds light on Collins’ development as a successful author, producer of novelty, and a political voice, the study repeats the argument that Collins’ works have not received the scholarly attention they deserve.
斯蒂芬-奈特的专著《威尔基-柯林斯:威尔基-柯林斯:小说全集》(2023 年,Routledge 出版社)详细研究了威尔基-柯林斯作为一位复杂而有成就的作家的生平和职业生涯,最终呼吁学术界对其作品给予更多关注和兴趣。该研究通过将柯林斯的文本置于历史和传记背景中,对其完整的小说进行了研究。奈特提供了柯林斯写作生涯中的大量事件、政治、轶事和互动背景。此外,该研究还介绍了柯林斯的生活细节、他与出版业的交往以及他与当时其他作家的互动。通过这种方法,该书探讨了柯林斯的文学创作、消费的影响以及对其作品的批评,从而更好地理解柯林斯,并将其定位为一位复杂而成功的作家。奈特的专著还提供了柯林斯研究的历史背景和最新的学术批评。虽然这一探索揭示了柯林斯作为一名成功作家、新奇事物的制造者和政治代言人的发展历程,但该研究重复了柯林斯的作品没有得到应有的学术关注这一论点。
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引用次数: 0
Wilkie Collins in Context, ed. by William Baker and Richard Nemesvari Wilkie Collins in Context》,William Baker 和 Richard Nemesvari 编辑
Pub Date : 2024-01-27 DOI: 10.47777/cankujhss.1426754
Barışcan Özkuzey
Edited by William Baker and Richard Nemesvari, Wilkie Collins in Context is an extensive collection of essays that mark the 200th anniversary of Wilkie Collins’s birth by celebrating the multifaceted life of the author in four parts: life and works, critical response and afterlife, literary contexts, and cultural and social contexts. In the preface, Baker and Nemesvari put emphasis firstly on the treatment of Collins’s writing in his age as belonging to a second-class status, stemming from the fact that the most impact he had on the period’s culture has been through his sensation novels, especially The Woman in White and The Moonstone. Wilkie Collins in Context makes an invaluable contribution to the current scholarship of Collins, especially by including an extensive context regarding Collins in the same place as knowledge of his life and critical reception of his work.
由威廉-贝克和理查德-内梅斯瓦里编辑的《语境中的威尔基-柯林斯》是一本内容广泛的论文集,旨在纪念威尔基-柯林斯诞辰 200 周年,从生平与作品、评论界的反应与来世、文学语境以及文化和社会语境四个部分颂扬了这位作家多姿多彩的一生。在序言中,贝克和内梅斯瓦里首先强调了柯林斯的写作在他那个时代被视为二等作品,这是因为他对那个时代文化的最大影响来自于他的轰动一时的小说,尤其是《白衣女人》和《月光石》。Wilkie Collins in Context》对目前有关柯林斯的学术研究做出了宝贵的贡献,尤其是将有关柯林斯的广泛背景与对其生平的了解和对其作品的评论性接受放在了同一位置。
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引用次数: 0
We Are All Monsters: How Deviant Organisms Came to Define Us, by Andrew Mangham 我们都是怪物:异常生物如何定义我们》,安德鲁-曼厄姆著
Pub Date : 2024-01-26 DOI: 10.47777/cankujhss.1426321
Yeşim İpekçi̇
Andrew Mangham’s monograph entitled We Are All Monsters: How Deviant Organisms Came to Define Us (2023, The MIT Press) explores the polyvocal nature of monster science across the period 1750-1900 and its dialogue with nineteenth-century literature. Mangham’s “monsters,” as defined in biological sciences, are “organisms … born with at least one permanent physiological defect” (p. 1). Guided by the approach disability studies takes towards the term “disability,” he explores how monster science defines monstrosity “not as a failure, but as an embodiment of, or a cog in the machine of, organic law” (p. 2). Monsters with their corporeal singularities and differences are integral to the laws of nature. They are not “by-products of the laws of natural development which they had failed in varying ways to embody,” but “the adaptive workings and the dynamic forces to which all life forms, normal and abnormal, owe their being” (p. 2). In other words, congenital anomalies or corporeal deviations are structural variations which are not the antithesis of what is “normal” or “natural,” but significations of life’s variety and the ingenuities of nature. Mangham’s choice of literary works from the long nineteenth century helps explore the interplay between monster science and literary or imaginary monsters, emphasizing how they represent monstrosity as central to the interpretation of nature’s diversity and creativity. Offering an in-depth survey of monster science across the period and its literary reverberations in nineteenth-century novels, We Are All Monsters interrogates the causes and meanings of monstrosities with the claim that congenital structural deformities or differences are not failures or violations of nature’s laws, but symbols of vital creativity. With this claim at the center of his work, Mangham explores how Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1818), Charles Dickens’s The Old Curiosity Shop (1840-1841), and Lucas Malet’s The History of Sir Richard Calmady (1901) engage in dialogue with the ideas developed in monster science and problematize the meanings of difference and normalcy.
安德鲁-曼厄姆(Andrew Mangham)的专著《我们都是怪物》(We Are All Monsters:变态生物是如何定义我们的》(2023 年,麻省理工学院出版社)探讨了 1750-1900 年间怪物科学的多义性及其与 19 世纪文学的对话。根据生物科学的定义,曼厄姆的 "怪物 "是 "天生至少有一种永久性生理缺陷的生物......"(第 1 页)。在残疾研究对 "残疾 "一词所采取的研究方法的指导下,他探讨了怪兽学如何将怪兽定义为 "不是一种失败,而是有机法则的体现或机器中的一个齿轮"(第 2 页)。怪物的肉体奇异性和差异性是自然法则的组成部分。它们不是 "以不同方式未能体现的自然发展规律的副产品",而是 "所有生命形式(正常的和不正常的)赖以存在的适应性运作和动力"(第 2 页)。换句话说,先天异常或肉体偏差是结构上的变异,并不是 "正常 "或 "自然 "的对立面,而是生命多样性和自然巧妙性的象征。曼厄姆选取了 19 世纪漫长岁月中的文学作品,有助于探索怪兽科学与文学或想象中的怪兽之间的相互作用,强调它们如何将怪兽作为诠释自然多样性和创造性的核心。我们都是怪物》对整个时期的怪物学及其在十九世纪小说中的文学反响进行了深入的研究,对怪物的成因和意义进行了拷问,认为先天性的结构畸形或差异并非失败或违反自然规律,而是生命创造力的象征。曼厄姆以这一主张为中心,探讨了玛丽-雪莱的《弗兰肯斯坦》(1818 年)、查尔斯-狄更斯的《老古玩店》(1840-1841 年)和卢卡斯-马利特的《理查德-卡尔马迪爵士的历史》(1901 年)如何与怪物科学发展的思想进行对话,以及如何将差异和正常的含义问题化。
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引用次数: 0
The Epistemic and Material Violence Exerted Against Women in The Woman in White from a Posthuman Feminist Perspective 从后人类女性主义视角看《白衣女子》中对女性施加的认识暴力和物质暴力
Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.47777/cankujhss.1418721
Mahinur Gözde Kasurka
Wilkie Collins’s novel The Woman in White (1860) can be taken as an embodiment of patriarchal dominion over-sexualized others of the discourse. In line with women’s holding a “less than” status when compared to men in the text, they are reduced to disposable bodies in posthumanist critic Rosi Braidotti’s sense of the term. The male characters’ representation as the universal representative of the human falls short in embracing the female characters. Hence, Anne’s imprisonment and Laura’s forced marriage in the text demonstrate the working mechanism of epistemic and material violence exerted against the ones who are deprived of the politically representable status by stripping them off their agentic potentialities. In tune with these considerations, this paper aims to find an answer if male and female characters in the novel are human to the same degree against the backdrop of feminist dimensions of posthumanism by highlighting exceptionalist politics as a consolidation of patriarchal logic. By extension, this study proposes to demystify how hierarchical binary thinking excludes more than what it includes in relation to woman. The article also interrogates if a bond of solidarity among women based on nondialectical relations of the self to the other might offer a solution by instilling feminist orientations of posthumanism.
威尔基-柯林斯(Wilkie Collins)的小说《白衣女人》(1860 年)可以被视为父权制支配性化他人话语的体现。在文本中,与男性相比,女性处于 "低于 "的地位,因此她们沦为后人道主义批评家罗西-布赖多蒂(Rosi Braidotti)意义上的一次性躯体。男性角色作为人类的普遍代表,却无法包容女性角色。因此,文本中安妮的囚禁和劳拉的强迫婚姻展示了对被剥夺政治代表地位的人施加的认识暴力和物质暴力的运作机制,剥夺了她们的代理潜能。基于这些考虑,本文旨在通过强调例外主义政治是父权逻辑的巩固,在后人道主义的女性主义维度背景下,寻找小说中的男性和女性人物是否具有同等程度的人性的答案。推而广之,本研究建议揭开等级制二元思维对女性的排斥大于包容的神秘面纱。文章还探讨了基于自我与他人的非辩证关系的妇女团结纽带是否可以通过灌输后人道主义的女权主义取向来提供解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
The Archetype of the Anima and the Phenomenon of Anima Projection in Wilkie Collins’s Basil 威尔基-柯林斯《巴希尔》中的阿尼玛原型和阿尼玛投射现象
Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.47777/cankujhss.1417570
Gönül Bakay
First published in 1852, Wilkie Collins’s sensation novel Basil offers a very fascinating portrayal of anima projection through the story of an aristocratic young man against the backdrop of Victorian England. The protagonist of the novel falls head over heels in love with a mysterious dark lady called Margaret after a chance encounter on an omnibus. Following a hasty marriage with strange conditions, he spends a whole year in her company – neglecting his own family – until he discovers that he was deceived by Margaret who had been having an affair with her father’s clerk Mannion. This article argues that the intensity of the connection Basil feels for Margaret can be attributed to what the Swiss psychiatrist C.G. Jung called anima projection. Jung defined the archetype of the anima as the feminine element in a man and suggested that it was knowable only through projections that contained our own psychic contents. When we project our anima or animus on to a person, our perception of that person is fundamentally altered. As Basil’s case aptly illustrates, when the anima is projected, it is almost impossible to recognize it in us since it appears outside of us, embodied in another human being. Drawing on insights from Jungian psychoanalysis, this article will examine the archetype of the anima and the phenomenon of anima projection in Wilkie Collins’s Basil.
威尔基-柯林斯的轰动性小说《巴塞尔》首次出版于 1852 年,以维多利亚时代的英国为背景,通过一个贵族青年的故事,对阿尼玛投射进行了非常精彩的描写。小说的主人公在公共汽车上偶遇一位神秘的黑衣女子玛格丽特后,便一发不可收拾地爱上了她。在一场条件奇特的草率婚姻之后,他在她的陪伴下度过了整整一年--忽略了自己的家庭--直到他发现自己被玛格丽特欺骗了,玛格丽特一直在与她父亲的职员曼尼恩偷情。本文认为,巴西尔对玛格丽特的强烈感情可归因于瑞士精神病学家荣格(C.G. Jung)所说的 "阿尼玛投射"(anima projection)。荣格将 "阿尼玛 "原型定义为男人身上的女性元素,并认为只有通过包含我们自身心理内容的投射,我们才能了解阿尼玛。当我们把自己的阿尼玛或阿尼姆斯投射到一个人身上时,我们对这个人的看法就会发生根本性的改变。正如巴西尔的案例所恰当说明的那样,当阿尼玛被投射到我们身上时,我们几乎不可能认出它,因为它出现在我们之外,体现在另一个人身上。本文将借鉴荣格心理分析学的见解,研究威尔基-柯林斯的《巴塞尔》中的阿尼玛原型和阿尼玛投射现象。
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引用次数: 0
Rhetorical Functions of Multiple Narrators and Focalization Shifts in Wilkie Collins’s The Moonstone 威尔基-柯林斯《月光石》中多重叙述者的修辞功能和焦点转移
Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.47777/cankujhss.1423334
Elif Toprak Sakız
Exploring the rhetorical functions of the multiple-narrator structure and constantly changing focalization in Wilkie Collins’s epistolary novel The Moonstone is the focus of this study. Key events with regard to the loss of the Indian diamond are narrated in a repetitive pattern, each time with a shift in perspective depending on who remains in the focal position. Genettian concepts of alternating internal/external focalization and multifarious functionalities of narrator(s) are embodied in The Moonstone, culminating in a prevailing sense of mystery, ambiguity as well as an equivocal state of reality as generic conventions, yet on an underlying level, they reflect the ambivalent engagement with imperialism in the novel. The witness-narrator, Gabriel Betteredge, is constantly involved in a number of extranarrative roles alongside his narrating function: the directing function, communication function, testimonial function and ideological function that help to establish a relationship with the implied reader. The multiple-narrator structure and the use of focalization shifts as well as various narrative and extranarrative functions as sources of power are the main features in the novel that expose its uncertainty in response to the idea of empire.
本研究的重点是探讨威尔基-柯林斯的书信体小说《月光石》中多重叙述者结构和不断变化的焦点的修辞功能。书信体小说《月光石》以重复的模式叙述了有关印度钻石丢失的关键事件,每次叙述的视角变化都取决于谁始终处于焦点位置。月光石》中体现了热奈特的概念,即内部/外部交替聚焦以及叙述者的多种功能,最终形成了一种普遍的神秘感、模糊性以及现实的不确定状态,这些都是小说的一般惯例,但在深层次上,它们反映了小说中对帝国主义的矛盾态度。见证人加布里埃尔-贝特里奇(Gabriel Betteredge)在发挥叙述功能的同时,还不断地扮演着多种编外角色:导演功能、交流功能、见证功能和意识形态功能,这些功能有助于建立与隐含读者之间的关系。多重叙述者结构和焦点转换的使用,以及作为权力来源的各种叙述和编外叙述功能,是这部小说的主要特点,暴露了它在回应帝国理念时的不确定性。
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引用次数: 0
Out of the Blue? Epilepsy, Sensation and Wilkie Collins’s Poor Miss Finch 恍然大悟?癫痫、感觉与威尔基-柯林斯的《可怜的芬奇小姐
Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.47777/cankujhss.1413123
Andrew Mangham
In Wilkie Collins’s 1872 novel Poor Miss Finch, epilepsy is represented as an event which brings modifying effects through the kind of writing developed in Collins’s earlier, more ‘canonical’ sensation fictions. Drawing on ideas explored in the medical literature of his day, especially the works of Edward Sieveking, Charles Radcliffe, and Russell Reynolds, Collins portrays epileptic disorder as a shock which establishes a new plot trajectory and allows for an examination of the apparent intersections between biology, identity, and different models of (biological) determinism. The argyria experienced by Oscar Dubourg in response to chemical treatment for epileptic seizures and the theft of his identity by his identical twin brother Nugent both literalise a perceived loss of character believed to be an effect of epilepsy. But in Oscar the neurological condition also allows for modifications in the development of new, heroic, and sympathetic depths of character. The theories of neurological compensation developed by John Hughlings Jackson inspired Poor Miss Finch to demonstrate how the calamitous and the sensational (embodied here in epileptic seizures) play a fundamental role in real life and that our constitutions have evolved to respond creatively and dynamically to such events.
在威尔基-柯林斯 1872 年出版的小说《可怜的芬奇小姐》中,癫痫被描写成一种事件,通过柯林斯早期更 "经典 "的煽情小说中发展起来的写作手法带来了改变性的影响。柯林斯借鉴了当时医学文献中的观点,尤其是爱德华-西韦金、查尔斯-拉德克利夫和罗素-雷诺兹的作品,将癫痫病描写成一种冲击,这种冲击建立了新的情节轨迹,并允许对生物学、身份和不同的(生物)决定论模式之间的明显交叉进行审视。奥斯卡-杜伯格因癫痫发作接受化学治疗而出现的 "霰粒肿",以及他的同卵孪生兄弟纽金特对他身份的窃取,都将被认为是癫痫影响的性格缺失形象化了。但在《奥斯卡》中,神经系统的状况也允许对新的、英雄的和富有同情心的性格深度进行修改。约翰-休林-杰克逊(John Hughlings Jackson)提出的神经代偿理论启发了《可怜的芬奇小姐》,让我们看到灾难和耸人听闻(在这里体现为癫痫发作)是如何在现实生活中发挥根本性作用的,以及我们的体质是如何进化到能够创造性地、动态地应对此类事件的。
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引用次数: 0
Narrative Cracks: Reconsidering Intentionality in Unreliable Narration in The Remains of the Day and The Moonstone 叙事裂痕:重新考虑《余生》和《月光石》中不可靠叙述的意图性
Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.47777/cankujhss.1418446
Sinem Oruç
Since Wayne Booth’s coinage of the term “unreliable narrator,” much critical ink has been spilled over the instances where the reliability of a narrator’s account is compromised, though without exploring the effects of the narrator’s intentional agency on unreliability. This study introduces the narratorial intent across the three levels of unreliable narration offered by Olson as a factor designating the disposition of a narrator and the gap between the implied reader and the narrator. With a rhetorical narratological approach that is in dialogue with cognitivist/constructivist approaches, the butler-narrators Stevens and Betteredge, from Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day (1989) and from Wilkie Collins’s The Moonstone (1868) respectively, will be analyzed in terms of how the difference in their narratorial intent pertains to their being diametrically opposed unreliable narrators. It is claimed that the lack of intrinsic motivation distances Betteredge from the implied reader and makes him an untrustworthy narrator while strong narratorial intent and agency bonds Stevens’s audience to his narration and shows him as an unreliable, yet fallible, narrator.
自从韦恩-布斯(Wayne Booth)提出 "不可靠叙述者 "这一术语以来,人们对叙述者叙述的可靠性受到损害的情况进行了大量的批评,但却没有探讨叙述者的有意代理对不可靠叙述的影响。本研究介绍了奥尔森提出的三个层次的不可靠叙述中的叙述者意图,将其作为指定叙述者处置以及隐含读者与叙述者之间差距的一个因素。通过与认知主义/建构主义方法对话的修辞叙事学方法,我们将分析石黑一雄《余生》(1989)中的管家叙事者史蒂文斯和威尔基-柯林斯《月光石》(1868)中的管家叙事者比特吉,他们的叙事意图差异如何与他们作为截然相反的不可靠叙事者相关联。我们认为,缺乏内在动机会拉开贝特里奇与隐含读者之间的距离,使他成为一个不可信的叙述者,而强烈的叙述意图和代理权则会将史蒂文斯的读者与他的叙述联系在一起,并显示出他是一个不可靠但又易错的叙述者。
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引用次数: 0
Ocular Poetics of Wilkie Collins’s The Woman in White 威尔基-柯林斯《白衣女人》的视觉诗学
Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.47777/cankujhss.1373096
Gülden Hati̇poğlu
The aim of this article is to explore the critical role of vision and act of seeing in the poetics of Wilkie Collins’s The Woman in White in the context of the ocular dynamics of the nineteenth-century in general and the generic markers of the sensation novel in particular. The conceptual equivalence Collins builds between the agencies of seeing and knowing will be explored by paying particular attention to the ways in which power is exercised on the axis of the modality of the visual. Taking visibility and invisibility as the controlling agencies in The Woman in White, the discussion will focus on exploring the scopic aspects of the novel in its historical and theoretical context, and reading the semiosphere of the novel as a dynamic space of interaction between and vision and ocular power.
本文旨在结合十九世纪的视觉动态,特别是感官小说的一般标记,探讨视觉和观看行为在威尔基-柯林斯《白衣女人》诗学中的关键作用。柯林斯在 "看 "与 "知 "之间建立的概念等同性,将通过特别关注以视觉方式为轴心行使权力的方式来加以探讨。以《白衣女人》中的可见性和不可见性作为控制机构,讨论将侧重于在其历史和理论背景下探索小说的视角方面,并将小说的符号圈解读为视觉与视觉权力之间互动的动态空间。
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引用次数: 0
Wilkie Collins’in The Woman in White ve No Name Adlı Eserlerinde Gayrimeşruluk ve Yasalar 威尔基-柯林斯《白衣女人》和《无名氏》中的非法身份与法律
Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.47777/cankujhss.1418501
Sercan Öztekin
Victorian sensation novels, in addition to their scandalous topics such as fraud, murder, adultery, bigamy, and madness, refer to Victorian laws and their construction by social and cultural standards. As a significant sensation novelist, one of the most important subjects Wilkie Collins calls for attention is illegitimacy, a social, political, and literary topic he recurrently employs in his fiction. In his novels The Woman in White (1860) and No Name (1862), he dwells on this issue, motivating the characters’ crimes and scandalous acts. In both novels, illegitimate characters act illegally to reconstruct their identities by challenging Victorian norms especially about illegitimacy. Concerning his life and his critique of Victorian laws and moral certitudes, this paper explores how Wilkie Collins employs and questions the theme of illegitimacy about crime, sensations, and social and legal problems that influence illegitimate children. After briefly examining illegitimacy and laws about it in Victorian England, it explores how the concept of illegitimacy is shaped and influenced by Victorian conventions and gender ideologies in the two novels.
维多利亚时代的煽情小说,除了欺诈、谋杀、通奸、重婚和疯狂等丑闻题材外,还涉及维多利亚时代的法律及其社会和文化标准的构建。作为一名重要的煽情小说家,威尔基-柯林斯呼吁人们关注的最重要主题之一就是私生子问题,这也是他在小说中反复使用的一个社会、政治和文学话题。在他的小说《白衣女子》(1860 年)和《无名氏》(1862 年)中,他都对这一问题进行了深入探讨,并将其作为人物犯罪和丑行的动机。在这两部小说中,非婚生子女们通过挑战维多利亚时代的规范,尤其是关于非婚生子女的规范,以非法行为重建自己的身份。本文结合威尔基-柯林斯的生平及其对维多利亚时代法律和道德观念的批判,探讨了他如何运用并质疑私生子这一主题,以及影响私生子的犯罪、感觉、社会和法律问题。在简要研究了维多利亚时代英国的私生子问题和相关法律后,本文探讨了在这两部小说中,维多利亚时代的习俗和性别意识形态是如何塑造和影响私生子概念的。
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引用次数: 0
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Cankaya University Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
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