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Clinical applications of BION/sup TM/ microstimulators BION/sup TM/微刺激器的临床应用
L. Baker, R. Waters, C. Winstein, H. Kaplan, W. Tran, F. Richmond, G. Loeb
Injectable, wireless microstimulators have the potential to provide low-cost and easily administered electrical stimulation to a variety of neuromuscular sites for a variety of clinical disorders. We are studying one version of this new technology platform in several different clinical studies currently underway or in the final stages of preclinical development. Preliminary results suggest that the approach is safe and effective for muscle activation. They also suggest enhancements of the technology that should improve its ease and reliability of use.
可注射的无线微刺激器有潜力为各种临床疾病的各种神经肌肉部位提供低成本和易于施用的电刺激。我们正在几个不同的临床研究中研究这个新技术平台的一个版本,目前正在进行或处于临床前开发的最后阶段。初步结果表明,该方法对肌肉激活是安全有效的。他们还建议对该技术进行改进,以提高其使用的易用性和可靠性。
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引用次数: 1
Dynamic red blindness as evidenced by event-related brain potentials 动态红盲的证据是事件相关脑电位
Z. Jiahua, Zhang Qiang, Yao Junxia, Zheng Jin-e, Liu Jun, Huang Shiang, Xie Ying, Yang Zhong-le
To investigate the characteristics of dynamic color processing, we adopted two patterns of visual stimulus that were "onset-offset" which reflected static color stimulus and "sustained moving" without abrupt mode which reflected dynamic color stimulus to evoke event-related brain potentials (ERPs) of both normal and abnormal subjects. ERPs were recorded by neuroscan system and analyzed to uncover the follow results. In normal group, ERPs in response to dynamic red stimulus were characterized by frontal positive amplitudes with a latency of about 180 ms and the peak latency of the late positive potential (LPP) in a time window between 290 and 580 ms. In abnormal group and singularly individual of normal group, ERPs in response to dynamic red stimulus were fully lost and characterized by vanished amplitudes between 0 and 800 ms. ERPs of two groups in response to dynamic green and blue stimulus were the same as ERPs of the normal group in response to red stimulus. In comparison with, ERPs of the two groups in response to static red, green and blue stimulus were not different, which were only characterized by a peak latency of LPP in a time window between 350 and 650 ms. Our results firstly pointed to the view that a novel phenomena that the above some subjects could not completely apperceive a sort of dynamic red stimulus by ERPs was observed and called "dynamic red blindness". Furthermore, our results also suggested that low-frequency ERPs induced by "sustained moving" maybe a good and new method for testing dynamic color perception competence.
为了研究动态色彩加工的特点,我们采用反映静态色彩刺激的“起跳-偏移”和反映动态色彩刺激的“持续移动”两种视觉刺激模式来激发正常和异常受试者的事件相关脑电位(ERPs)。通过神经扫描系统记录erp并进行分析,得出以下结果。正常组在动态红色刺激下的erp表现为额叶正电位,潜伏期约为180 ms,晚正电位潜伏期在290 ~ 580 ms之间。在异常组和正常组单一个体中,动态红色刺激的erp完全消失,其特征是在0 ~ 800 ms之间消失。两组在动态绿色和蓝色刺激下的erp与正常组在红色刺激下的erp相同。与之相比,两组在静态红、绿、蓝刺激下的erp无显著差异,仅在350 ~ 650 ms的时间窗内存在LPP的峰值潜伏期。我们的研究结果首先指出了一种新的现象,即上述部分被试不能通过erp完全感知一种动态红色刺激,称为“动态红盲”。此外,我们的研究结果还表明,“持续运动”诱发的低频erp可能是测试动态色彩感知能力的一种良好的新方法。
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引用次数: 0
Multimodal injectable sensors for neural prosthetic proprioception 神经本体假体多模态可注射传感器
W. Tan, N. Sachs, Ruo Guo, Q. Zou, J. Singh, G. Loeb
A BION/sup TM/ is a miniature implant developed for Functional Electric Stimulation (FES). This paper describes a new posture sensing system designed for these implants. The new system contains three sensing modalities: 1) artificial muscle spindles; 2) a DC accelerometer; and 3) a magnetic reference frame. Because of limiting factors such as sensor size and power consumption, each sensing modality used alone provides inaccurate or incomplete information on the posture. However, signals from the individual sensors can be integrated for more accurate and complete results. First, signals from each sensor are processed separately to extract basic information. Then sensor fusion algorithms (including extended Kalman filtering) combine all the sensor signals and generate 6-D posture data. Finally the data can be used in real-time to provide command and feedback signals for the FES controller.
BION/sup TM/是一种用于功能性电刺激(FES)的微型植入物。本文介绍了一种新的为这些植入体设计的姿态传感系统。新系统包含三种传感模式:1)人工肌肉纺锤;2)直流加速度计;3)磁参照系。由于传感器尺寸和功耗等限制因素,单独使用的每种传感模式都提供了不准确或不完整的姿势信息。然而,来自各个传感器的信号可以集成在一起,以获得更准确和完整的结果。首先,对每个传感器的信号分别进行处理,提取基本信息;然后,传感器融合算法(包括扩展卡尔曼滤波)将所有传感器信号合并,生成6维姿态数据。最后,这些数据可以实时地为FES控制器提供指令和反馈信号。
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引用次数: 2
Research progress of epiretinal prosthesis based on electrical stimulation 基于电刺激的视网膜外假体研究进展
Wang Xing, Peng Cheng-lin, Yang Yong
There are currently many experimental efforts to develop a treatment to restore useful vision for blind patients by electrical stimulation at epiretina, which is based on experiments that inner retinal layers can be electrically stimulated and elicit an electrical-evoked response. Generally, various researches on visual prosthesis are mainly focused on two solutions according to the research emphasis. One type is different designs surrounding the hardware circuitry, the other type is function evaluation and physiological test of artificial retina. On the one hand, there are probably three aspects, which are elementary structure, important factors of structure and biocompatible consideration. Among them, main structure generally consists of about three parts in theory. Moreover, it is claimed that other factors such as electrode-retina interface and pulse shape, should be taken into account. And the last is material, electrode shape and production technique. On the other hand, in order to demonstrate that epiretinal stimulation actually helps construct a visual prosthesis, functional evaluation and physiological test of the artificial vision is required. At present, researchers mainly used several kinds of animals for vitro biocompatibility tests and vivo biocompatibility tests. Besides that, there are novel alternative which researchers attempted to find. This paper will begin with general considerations related to all or most of retinal prosthesis, and then concentrate on the epiretinal electrical design. At the end of the paper an outlook of the possible trend of epiretinal electrical stimulation in future is presented.
目前有许多实验努力开发一种治疗方法,通过电刺激网膜来恢复盲人的有用视力,这是基于视网膜内层可以被电刺激并引起电诱发反应的实验。一般来说,根据研究重点不同,各种视觉假体的研究主要集中在两种解决方案上。一类是围绕硬件电路的不同设计,另一类是人工视网膜的功能评估和生理测试。一方面,可能有三个方面,即基本结构,结构的重要因素和生物相容性考虑。其中,主体结构在理论上一般由三部分组成。此外,还应考虑电极-视网膜界面和脉冲形状等其他因素。最后是材料、电极形状和制作工艺。另一方面,为了证明视网膜前刺激确实有助于视觉假体的构建,需要对人工视觉进行功能评估和生理测试。目前,研究人员主要采用几种动物进行体外生物相容性试验和体内生物相容性试验。除此之外,研究人员还试图寻找新的替代方案。本文将从与所有或大部分视网膜假体相关的一般考虑开始,然后集中讨论视网膜外电设计。最后,对视网膜前电刺激技术的发展趋势进行了展望。
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引用次数: 0
Applications of generalized learning in image recognition 广义学习在图像识别中的应用
Yao Min, Jiang Zhiwei, Yi Wensheng, Zhao Xiaoming
Generalized learning model, GLM for short, is a new kind of machine learning model which fuses symbolic learning, connective learning, fuzzy learning, evolutionary learning and statistical learning together. By introducing generalized learning into image recognition, this paper presents a new kind of image recognition model, GLIRM for short. The distinguished advantage of GLIRM is its adaptive learning ability. Through practical application in remote sensing image recognition, satisfactory results have been achieved.
广义学习模型(Generalized learning model,简称GLM)是一种融合符号学习、关联学习、模糊学习、进化学习和统计学习的新型机器学习模型。将广义学习引入到图像识别中,提出了一种新的图像识别模型,简称GLIRM。GLIRM的显著优势在于它的自适应学习能力。通过在遥感图像识别中的实际应用,取得了满意的效果。
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引用次数: 1
Experiment research on the method of monitoring the depth of anesthesia 麻醉深度监测方法的实验研究
Wang Shengjun, Deng Qinkai
The main methods to monitor the depth of anaesthesia are based on EEG and AEP measurement, and the important parameters are BIS and AEP index. Each of them has its predominance. BIS is formed by the subparameters of EEG in time domain, frequency domain and bispectrum domain by means of a nonlinear function. The process to setup the function is very complicated. This implies that its stability is not very good. AEP index is rather reliable, but the monotone click stimulus would make patients dysphoric. So it's necessary to study the consistency and complementarity between BIS's subparameters and AEP index. This is just the goal of this paper. Based on the clinic requirement, we develop a new instrument to do research. The prototype instrument is composed of two parts: SCM module and PC. The SCM module is the heart of the hardware, in charge of stimulation and data acquisition, which evokes the auditory potentials, sampling the EEG and AEP signal and communicating with PC. The operating software on PC is designed by the virtual instrument workbench-Lab VIEW, and the signal processing is completed on Matlab. Experiment method: 10 rabbits, the anaesthetic is 3% pentobarbitol sodium, the dosage is 0.5, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25ml/kg, the interval is 20 minutes, EEG and AEP is recorded 5 minutes after every injection. Then EEG and AEP is recorded with the interval of 10 minutes after the last injection, and total number is 3. Result: After the signal processing, it turns out that the consistency between BIS subparameters and AEP index is rather good.
麻醉深度监测的主要方法是基于脑电图和AEP测量,重要参数是BIS和AEP指数。每一种都有其优势。BIS是由脑电信号在时域、频域和双谱域的子参数以非线性函数的形式构成的。设置函数的过程非常复杂。这意味着它的稳定性不是很好。AEP指数比较可靠,但单调的咔哒声刺激会使患者烦躁不安。因此,有必要研究BIS子参数与AEP指标之间的一致性和互补性。这正是本文的目标。根据临床需要,我们开发了一种新的仪器来进行研究。该样机由单片机模块和PC机两部分组成。单片机模块是硬件的核心,负责刺激和数据采集,唤起听觉电位,采集脑电图和心电信号,并与上位机通信。利用虚拟仪器工作台lab VIEW设计PC端操作软件,并在Matlab上完成信号处理。实验方法:10只家兔,麻醉剂量为3%戊巴比醇钠,剂量分别为0.5、0.25、0.25、0.25ml/kg,间隔20分钟,每次注射后5分钟记录EEG和AEP。最后一次注射后每隔10分钟记录脑电图和AEP,共记录3次。结果:经信号处理后,BIS子参数与AEP指标的一致性较好。
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引用次数: 1
Designing a dual page virtual keyboard for mental speller 一种双页虚拟键盘的设计
Jin-an Guan, Yaguang Chen, Jiarui Lin
Exploiting the novel human-machine interaction paradigm which is called brain-machine interface, we are dedicated to constructing a so called imitating-natural-reading visual evoked potential based mental speller for those with neuromuscular disorders and motor disabilities. These techniques also have potential applications in occasions such as navigating, diving and battlefield, etc. Users input a character to computer by gazing at the respective key of virtual keyboard on the screen. In order to realize the goal, we designed a virtual keyboard with double pages based on the past work. Analyzing the speed of communication of this paradigm reflect that it can boost up the bit rate significantly.
利用脑机接口这一新颖的人机交互模式,我们致力于为神经肌肉疾病和运动障碍患者构建一种基于视觉诱发电位的模仿自然阅读心理拼字器。这些技术在导航、潜水和战场等场合也有潜在的应用前景。用户通过注视屏幕上虚拟键盘的相应按键,向计算机输入一个字符。为了实现这一目标,我们在以往工作的基础上设计了一种双页虚拟键盘。通过对该范式的通信速度分析表明,该范式可以显著提高比特率。
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引用次数: 6
Biomimetic control of FES reaching FES到达的仿生控制
R. Davoodi, M. Hauschild, J. Lee, P. Montazemi, G. Loeb
We are developing a biomimetic controller to restore BION-assisted reaching movements to quadriplegic patients. The controller has a hierarchical structure similar to that of the central nervous system (CNS), mimics the biological control circuits in the spinal cord and integrates with the patient's residual voluntary movements. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed control strategy, we have examined one of its most critical components, i.e. the ability of subjects to produce adequate voluntary command signals to drive the functional electrical stimulation (FES) control of paralyzed joints. Normal subjects use their shoulder movements to drive a simulated lower arm in a virtual reality environment (VRE) to reach targets in 3D workspace of the arm. The preliminary results show that the type of the voluntary command signal and the type of FES control strategy have significant effect on the successful completion of the reaching tasks, the reachable workspace and the learning rate.
我们正在开发一种仿生控制器,以恢复bion辅助的四肢瘫痪患者的伸展运动。该控制器具有与中枢神经系统(CNS)相似的分层结构,模仿脊髓中的生物控制回路,并与患者剩余的自主运动相结合。为了证明所提出的控制策略的可行性,我们研究了其最关键的组成部分之一,即受试者产生足够的自愿指令信号来驱动瘫痪关节的功能性电刺激(FES)控制的能力。正常受试者在虚拟现实环境(VRE)中通过肩部运动驱动模拟的下臂到达手臂三维工作空间中的目标。初步结果表明,自主指令信号的类型和FES控制策略的类型对机器人到达任务的顺利完成、可达工作空间和学习率有显著影响。
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引用次数: 3
A dynamic binding mechanism of character sequence based on space-time window 一种基于时空窗口的字符序列动态绑定机制
Zhang Ke-zhi, Zhou Chang-le, You Zhi-ning
An conception of space-temporal window on the base of dispersed synchronous oscillators is proposed after analyzing the four assembly patterns (cluster, column layer, diffusion) during the neural synchronization. According to the distributing of oscillators with time, for the input character sequence, a dynamic model is provided on the base of dynamic core mechanism. Considering the neurobiological mechanism, the model simulated the working memory of character sequence and emphasized the adjustment of space-temporal window by character sequence, the studying ability of model was discussed. At last the result of simulation on the dynamic binding mechanism of character sequence is presented.
在分析了神经同步过程中的聚类、柱层、扩散四种装配模式的基础上,提出了基于分散同步振子的时空窗口概念。根据振子随时间的分布规律,在动态核心机构的基础上建立了输入字符序列的动态模型。该模型从神经生物学机制出发,模拟字符序列的工作记忆,强调字符序列对时空窗口的调节,讨论了模型的学习能力。最后给出了字符序列动态绑定机制的仿真结果。
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引用次数: 0
Development of ultra small two-channel system of EEG radio telemetry 超小型双通道脑电图无线电遥测系统的研制
Xin Jiang, Xiaoguang Wang
The development of a set of ultra small system of EEG radio telemetry was introduced. A whole set of system is divided into three functional parts including EEG conditioning, wireless transmitting and power supply management, link three pieces of circuit together through connector. The EEG conditioning part consists of two analogue circuit modules, one for each channel of EEG. In general, each analogue circuit module carries out differential amplification, active low-pass and high-pass filtering, dc level adjustment and output amplification. The wireless transmitting part includes RF chip and EEPROM used in program store. Battery and power supply management part is composed of li-ion regulator and protection circuit, voltage monitor and power supply management circuit. In this paper, the development strategy of three functional parts is described respectively. In addition, in order to investigate system performance of gathering EEG signal, the test results were given for not only standard signal source with the same amplitude but different frequency but also actual spontaneous and evoked EEG signal. The test results showed that system could meet the demands in researching various kinds of routine EEG in laboratory.
介绍了一套超小型脑电图无线电遥测系统的研制。整个系统分为脑电信号调理、无线传输和电源管理三个功能部分,通过连接器将三部分电路连接在一起。脑电信号调理部分由两个模拟电路模块组成,每个模拟电路模块对应一个脑电信号通道。一般来说,每个模拟电路模块进行差分放大、有源低通和高通滤波、直流电平调整和输出放大。无线传输部分包括射频芯片和用于程序存储的EEPROM。电池及电源管理部分由锂离子稳压及保护电路、电压监测电路和电源管理电路组成。本文分别阐述了三个功能部分的发展策略。此外,为了考察系统采集脑电信号的性能,不仅给出了同幅异频标准信号源的测试结果,还给出了实际自发和诱发脑电信号的测试结果。测试结果表明,该系统能够满足实验室研究各种常规脑电图的需要。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
Proceedings. 2005 First International Conference on Neural Interface and Control, 2005.
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