Pub Date : 2005-05-26DOI: 10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499855
W. Lin, J. Schumacher, S. Tillery, J. He
The stability of the neural recording is a crucial issue for cortically controlled neuroprosthetic devices. Substantial effort is devoted to developing methods to improve the chronic neural recordings. Regardless of the approach one takes to improving recording stability, the core issue is to measure just how stable recording conditions really are. In the present study, microwire array electrodes were implanted into the motor cortex area of the rhesus monkey and neural signals were recorded for more than 3 years. The data acquired on each channel were then analyzed according to spike waveform, time course of task-related activity, and preferred direction. For the time span from the beginning to the end of the recording session, the monkey was trained to do three different tasks. Initial results indicate that a certain portion of channels produces very stable recordings for over three years.
{"title":"Measures of recording stability in chronically implanted microwire arrays recorded for over three years","authors":"W. Lin, J. Schumacher, S. Tillery, J. He","doi":"10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499855","url":null,"abstract":"The stability of the neural recording is a crucial issue for cortically controlled neuroprosthetic devices. Substantial effort is devoted to developing methods to improve the chronic neural recordings. Regardless of the approach one takes to improving recording stability, the core issue is to measure just how stable recording conditions really are. In the present study, microwire array electrodes were implanted into the motor cortex area of the rhesus monkey and neural signals were recorded for more than 3 years. The data acquired on each channel were then analyzed according to spike waveform, time course of task-related activity, and preferred direction. For the time span from the beginning to the end of the recording session, the monkey was trained to do three different tasks. Initial results indicate that a certain portion of channels produces very stable recordings for over three years.","PeriodicalId":169717,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 2005 First International Conference on Neural Interface and Control, 2005.","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124323948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-26DOI: 10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499883
D.D. Li, T. Liang, A. Qu
Neuroendocrine cells release hormones and transmitters by regulated exocytosis of secretory vesicles. Three-dimensional (3D) tracking of single secretory vesicles throughout live whole cells is crucial for understanding the intracellular trafficking of secretory vesicles. But one notable problem with 3D particle tracking is that the lateral and axial resolution is not equivalent for 3D live-cell images, which is attributed to the diffraction limit inherent to the microscope. How the performance of particle tracking is affected by diffraction-limited images is still unclear. Here we show, employing both centroid and Gaussian-fit tracking algorithm to monitor sub-pixel positions of single fluorescent particles, that the performance of three-dimensional single particle tracking is nonisotropic. The efficacy of the particle tracking in the axial direction is much lower than that in the lateral direction. Gaussian-fit tracking algorithm provides better performance in the axial direction at low signal-to-noise levels around or below 10. Using neuroendocrine cell line PC12, we illustrate the feasibility of Gaussian-fit algorithm to follow the mobility of single secretory vesicles in all three dimensions.
{"title":"Quantitative analysis of diffraction-limited three-dimensional single secretory vesicle tracking in live neuroendocrine cells","authors":"D.D. Li, T. Liang, A. Qu","doi":"10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499883","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroendocrine cells release hormones and transmitters by regulated exocytosis of secretory vesicles. Three-dimensional (3D) tracking of single secretory vesicles throughout live whole cells is crucial for understanding the intracellular trafficking of secretory vesicles. But one notable problem with 3D particle tracking is that the lateral and axial resolution is not equivalent for 3D live-cell images, which is attributed to the diffraction limit inherent to the microscope. How the performance of particle tracking is affected by diffraction-limited images is still unclear. Here we show, employing both centroid and Gaussian-fit tracking algorithm to monitor sub-pixel positions of single fluorescent particles, that the performance of three-dimensional single particle tracking is nonisotropic. The efficacy of the particle tracking in the axial direction is much lower than that in the lateral direction. Gaussian-fit tracking algorithm provides better performance in the axial direction at low signal-to-noise levels around or below 10. Using neuroendocrine cell line PC12, we illustrate the feasibility of Gaussian-fit algorithm to follow the mobility of single secretory vesicles in all three dimensions.","PeriodicalId":169717,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 2005 First International Conference on Neural Interface and Control, 2005.","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121341346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-26DOI: 10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499850
H. Yan, H. Chen, Y. Xia, Y. Lai, D. Zhou
In recent years, blind source separation (BSS) by independent component analysis (ICA) has been drawing much attention because of its potential applications in signal processing such as in speech recognition systems, telecommunication and medical signal processing. In this paper, two algorithms of independent component analysis (fixed-point ICA and natural gradient-flexible ICA) were adopted to extract human epileptic spikes from interferential signals. Experiment results show that epileptic spikes can be extracted from noise successfully. The kurtosis of the epileptic component signal separated is much better than that of other noisy signals. It shows that ICA is an effective tool to extract epileptic spikes from patients' electroencephalogram and shows promising application to assist physicians to diagnose epilepsy and estimate the epileptogenic region in clinic.
{"title":"Independent component analysis for human epileptic spikes extraction","authors":"H. Yan, H. Chen, Y. Xia, Y. Lai, D. Zhou","doi":"10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499850","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, blind source separation (BSS) by independent component analysis (ICA) has been drawing much attention because of its potential applications in signal processing such as in speech recognition systems, telecommunication and medical signal processing. In this paper, two algorithms of independent component analysis (fixed-point ICA and natural gradient-flexible ICA) were adopted to extract human epileptic spikes from interferential signals. Experiment results show that epileptic spikes can be extracted from noise successfully. The kurtosis of the epileptic component signal separated is much better than that of other noisy signals. It shows that ICA is an effective tool to extract epileptic spikes from patients' electroencephalogram and shows promising application to assist physicians to diagnose epilepsy and estimate the epileptogenic region in clinic.","PeriodicalId":169717,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 2005 First International Conference on Neural Interface and Control, 2005.","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130722083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-26DOI: 10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499862
Guo Xin, Yang Peng, Li Hongcai, Yan Weili
In this paper the effect of joint angle on EMG is analyzed qualitatively for finding the controlling mechanism of knee joint swing velocity and flexion angle. Wavelet transformation (WT) and wavelet packet transformation (WPT) are used to eliminate the noises of surface EMG sampled from the lower limb during the subjects of study walked normally on the flat. By comparing the denoise result, WPT wins an advantage of WP with the same threshold. And the result shows that if the suitable scale and the threshold are selected, the high-frequency noises can be eliminated effectively. According to the characteristic of WPT, the motion features are extracted during the stance phase and the swing phase using the WPT. The figures show the fine extraction result in this paper. While discrete Fourier transform (DFT) illustrates that the primary frequency band is from 20Hz to 200Hz whether flexion or extend.
{"title":"Research and analysis on the effect of joint angle on EMG in thigh muscles","authors":"Guo Xin, Yang Peng, Li Hongcai, Yan Weili","doi":"10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499862","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the effect of joint angle on EMG is analyzed qualitatively for finding the controlling mechanism of knee joint swing velocity and flexion angle. Wavelet transformation (WT) and wavelet packet transformation (WPT) are used to eliminate the noises of surface EMG sampled from the lower limb during the subjects of study walked normally on the flat. By comparing the denoise result, WPT wins an advantage of WP with the same threshold. And the result shows that if the suitable scale and the threshold are selected, the high-frequency noises can be eliminated effectively. According to the characteristic of WPT, the motion features are extracted during the stance phase and the swing phase using the WPT. The figures show the fine extraction result in this paper. While discrete Fourier transform (DFT) illustrates that the primary frequency band is from 20Hz to 200Hz whether flexion or extend.","PeriodicalId":169717,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 2005 First International Conference on Neural Interface and Control, 2005.","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116838654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-26DOI: 10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499875
Wang Zhigong, L. Xiaoying, Li Wenyuan, Wang Huiling, Zhang Zhenyu, Wang Yufeng, Cui Wei
Test circuits for the signal detection and the function electrical stimulation (FES) of neurons have been designed, implemented at first by using discrete devices and characterized off-body. The detecting circuit consisting of three-stage operational amplifiers has a controllable gain up to 10/sup 5/, a -3 dB bandwidth of 30 kHz, and an equivalent input noise of about 9 nV//spl radic/Hz. The FES circuit consisting of two-stage operational amplifiers has a bandwidth of more than 10 kHz and a variable gain from 20 dB to 60 dB can provide a current of more than 1 mA to a load of 10 k/spl Omega/ They are intended to connect with both cuff-type and staff-type microelectrodes. Integrated circuits (IC) for the neural signal process have been designed with features of low voltage and low power. A more biocompatible composite has been synthesized to modify the silicon and related material.
{"title":"Study of microelectronics for detecting and stimulating of central neural signals","authors":"Wang Zhigong, L. Xiaoying, Li Wenyuan, Wang Huiling, Zhang Zhenyu, Wang Yufeng, Cui Wei","doi":"10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499875","url":null,"abstract":"Test circuits for the signal detection and the function electrical stimulation (FES) of neurons have been designed, implemented at first by using discrete devices and characterized off-body. The detecting circuit consisting of three-stage operational amplifiers has a controllable gain up to 10/sup 5/, a -3 dB bandwidth of 30 kHz, and an equivalent input noise of about 9 nV//spl radic/Hz. The FES circuit consisting of two-stage operational amplifiers has a bandwidth of more than 10 kHz and a variable gain from 20 dB to 60 dB can provide a current of more than 1 mA to a load of 10 k/spl Omega/ They are intended to connect with both cuff-type and staff-type microelectrodes. Integrated circuits (IC) for the neural signal process have been designed with features of low voltage and low power. A more biocompatible composite has been synthesized to modify the silicon and related material.","PeriodicalId":169717,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 2005 First International Conference on Neural Interface and Control, 2005.","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116948706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-26DOI: 10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499843
Cheng Ming, Xiaorong Gao, Shangkai Gao, Boliang Wang
A periodogram-based method is used to extract the stimulation frequency in a brain-computer interface (BCI) based on steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP). In the system, tens of buttons illuminated at different frequencies are used to generate deterministic sinusoidal responses or SSVEP at the visual cortex, which are derived from the electroencephalogram (EEG) by a suitable electrode array. Based on the periodogram of a time-series, we test the EEG data for the presence of hidden periodic components, which correspond to SSVEP, and extract the stimulation frequencies. The method performs well in simulation, and is applied successfully to real data.
{"title":"Stimulation frequency extraction in SSVEP-based brain-computer interface","authors":"Cheng Ming, Xiaorong Gao, Shangkai Gao, Boliang Wang","doi":"10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499843","url":null,"abstract":"A periodogram-based method is used to extract the stimulation frequency in a brain-computer interface (BCI) based on steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP). In the system, tens of buttons illuminated at different frequencies are used to generate deterministic sinusoidal responses or SSVEP at the visual cortex, which are derived from the electroencephalogram (EEG) by a suitable electrode array. Based on the periodogram of a time-series, we test the EEG data for the presence of hidden periodic components, which correspond to SSVEP, and extract the stimulation frequencies. The method performs well in simulation, and is applied successfully to real data.","PeriodicalId":169717,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 2005 First International Conference on Neural Interface and Control, 2005.","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115924523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-26DOI: 10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499879
Wu Wei, Jia Wenyan, Liu Hesheng, G. Xiaorong, Zhang Guojun, W. Yuping
To localize epileptic foci, EEG source localization methods are often applied to interictal or ictal EEG data. However, ictal epileptiform is often interfered with artifacts caused by the movement of the patient. In this paper, we use an algorithm called Standardized Shrinking LORETA-FOCUSS (SSLOFO) with a three-shell head model to reconstruct the sources from the EEG data of an epileptic patient during four subperiods, with three preictal and one ictal. The results demonstrate that using preictal EEG, SSLOFO can accurately localize the epileptic foci in the left frontal lobe, as has been confirmed by intracranial recordings. The present study also suggests that we may use the trends of the estimated source energy with time to predict epileptic seizures.
{"title":"Localization of epileptic foci from preictal EEG data using standardized shrinking LORETA-FOCUSS algorithm","authors":"Wu Wei, Jia Wenyan, Liu Hesheng, G. Xiaorong, Zhang Guojun, W. Yuping","doi":"10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499879","url":null,"abstract":"To localize epileptic foci, EEG source localization methods are often applied to interictal or ictal EEG data. However, ictal epileptiform is often interfered with artifacts caused by the movement of the patient. In this paper, we use an algorithm called Standardized Shrinking LORETA-FOCUSS (SSLOFO) with a three-shell head model to reconstruct the sources from the EEG data of an epileptic patient during four subperiods, with three preictal and one ictal. The results demonstrate that using preictal EEG, SSLOFO can accurately localize the epileptic foci in the left frontal lobe, as has been confirmed by intracranial recordings. The present study also suggests that we may use the trends of the estimated source energy with time to predict epileptic seizures.","PeriodicalId":169717,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 2005 First International Conference on Neural Interface and Control, 2005.","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123699528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-26DOI: 10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499874
Weng Zhenxing, Tian Xuelong, Jiao Yanjie, Wu Qianghui, Shen Min
This article puts forward a new therapy for insomnia, which grounds on the mechanism that after fastigial nucleus electrical stimulation (FNS) in the brain there exists neuroprotection function, and discusses the physiological principle of the therapy. The hardware makeup of the ES sleep therapeutic instrument developed on the above law is explained. Using this instrument, clinical experiment is done and the treatment result is attained, that 80.5% of the insomnia sufferers get rid of the habit of taking the hypnotic before sleep after a period of treatment and the insomnia symptom of a few of the chronic insomniacs is improved markedly after 3-4 periods of successive treatment. The experiment result indicates that the therapy based on the neuroprotection law is effective for insomnia.
{"title":"Development of sleep therapeutic instrument based on the mechanism of neuroprotection","authors":"Weng Zhenxing, Tian Xuelong, Jiao Yanjie, Wu Qianghui, Shen Min","doi":"10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499874","url":null,"abstract":"This article puts forward a new therapy for insomnia, which grounds on the mechanism that after fastigial nucleus electrical stimulation (FNS) in the brain there exists neuroprotection function, and discusses the physiological principle of the therapy. The hardware makeup of the ES sleep therapeutic instrument developed on the above law is explained. Using this instrument, clinical experiment is done and the treatment result is attained, that 80.5% of the insomnia sufferers get rid of the habit of taking the hypnotic before sleep after a period of treatment and the insomnia symptom of a few of the chronic insomniacs is improved markedly after 3-4 periods of successive treatment. The experiment result indicates that the therapy based on the neuroprotection law is effective for insomnia.","PeriodicalId":169717,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 2005 First International Conference on Neural Interface and Control, 2005.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130453289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-26DOI: 10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499878
Xu Qi, He Jiping, Wang Yongji, Xu Tao, Huang Jian
A versatile, microprocessor-based, multichannel stimulator (MMCS) for epidural spinal cord stimulation (ESCS) has been designed and constructed. It intends to be used in laboratory research to examine the effect of ESCS on modulating spinal cord functions for gait recovery, chronic pain management and other therapeutic applications. It consists of two components: a digital controller and a stimulation power delivery. The digital controller was realized using a 89S51 single chip and associated peripheral circuits. The stimulator uses a multicontact electrode to deliver arbitrarily specified electrical stimulus sequences. The width, amplitude, and interpulse interval of each pulse in the stimulus sequence are independently variable, and the three channels are independently programmable, allowing a wide variety of stimulus patterns. In this paper, the details of the MMCS design for ESCS are described. The plans for future research are also discussed.
{"title":"A versatile microprocessor-based multichannel stimulator for experimental use in epidural spinal cord stimulation","authors":"Xu Qi, He Jiping, Wang Yongji, Xu Tao, Huang Jian","doi":"10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499878","url":null,"abstract":"A versatile, microprocessor-based, multichannel stimulator (MMCS) for epidural spinal cord stimulation (ESCS) has been designed and constructed. It intends to be used in laboratory research to examine the effect of ESCS on modulating spinal cord functions for gait recovery, chronic pain management and other therapeutic applications. It consists of two components: a digital controller and a stimulation power delivery. The digital controller was realized using a 89S51 single chip and associated peripheral circuits. The stimulator uses a multicontact electrode to deliver arbitrarily specified electrical stimulus sequences. The width, amplitude, and interpulse interval of each pulse in the stimulus sequence are independently variable, and the three channels are independently programmable, allowing a wide variety of stimulus patterns. In this paper, the details of the MMCS design for ESCS are described. The plans for future research are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":169717,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 2005 First International Conference on Neural Interface and Control, 2005.","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134638876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-26DOI: 10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499833
Luo Guangming, L. Dongmei, Jiang Zhenglin, D. Fei, Gu Xiaosong, Wang Zhigong
In order to investigate the pick-up, the process and the regeneration of central neural signals for neural function regeneration by means of microelectronic techniques, it is necessary to do a more detailed investigation, primarily of the stereotactic anatomical bases of corticospinal tract (CST). In present study, we use a polyclonal antibody against protein kinase C gamma subspecies (PKC /spl gamma/) as a specific marker of CST to reveal the precise localization of CST in rat spinal cord by immunohistochemistry. The strong PKC /spl gamma/ immunoreactivities in axons of CST were found in the pyramid and pyramidal decussation of medulla oblongata, and then from the cervical to lumbar spinal cord, PKC /spl gamma/ immunoreactivities were found to descend caudully through the white matter occupying the ventralmost portion of the posterior funiculus. At the conus medullaris, the positive reactivities of PKC /spl gamma/ appeared at the midline of the posterior funiculus. The area of positive reactivities of PKC /spl gamma/ decreased in size caudally in different spinal cord segments. These findings suggest that PKC /spl gamma/ immunohistochemical method can show the accurate position of corticospinal tract in rat spinal cord clearly, and provide the stereotactic anatomical bases for the microelectronic chip implantation in spinal cord.
{"title":"Immunohistochemical localization of the corticospinal tract in normal rat spinal cord as a stereotactic guidance for implantation of microelectronic chip","authors":"Luo Guangming, L. Dongmei, Jiang Zhenglin, D. Fei, Gu Xiaosong, Wang Zhigong","doi":"10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499833","url":null,"abstract":"In order to investigate the pick-up, the process and the regeneration of central neural signals for neural function regeneration by means of microelectronic techniques, it is necessary to do a more detailed investigation, primarily of the stereotactic anatomical bases of corticospinal tract (CST). In present study, we use a polyclonal antibody against protein kinase C gamma subspecies (PKC /spl gamma/) as a specific marker of CST to reveal the precise localization of CST in rat spinal cord by immunohistochemistry. The strong PKC /spl gamma/ immunoreactivities in axons of CST were found in the pyramid and pyramidal decussation of medulla oblongata, and then from the cervical to lumbar spinal cord, PKC /spl gamma/ immunoreactivities were found to descend caudully through the white matter occupying the ventralmost portion of the posterior funiculus. At the conus medullaris, the positive reactivities of PKC /spl gamma/ appeared at the midline of the posterior funiculus. The area of positive reactivities of PKC /spl gamma/ decreased in size caudally in different spinal cord segments. These findings suggest that PKC /spl gamma/ immunohistochemical method can show the accurate position of corticospinal tract in rat spinal cord clearly, and provide the stereotactic anatomical bases for the microelectronic chip implantation in spinal cord.","PeriodicalId":169717,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 2005 First International Conference on Neural Interface and Control, 2005.","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125933363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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