Pub Date : 2005-05-26DOI: 10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499863
Pan Wei, Weihua Li
Neural Interface (NI) technology has been an area of intense recent research and development activity. Signal and information management of neural recordings for complex neural interface system become a very difficult task. Recently we develop a framework for complex neural interface system aimed at processing neural signals with multisensor fusion approaches. The relationship of the data fusion with the whole system is detailed discussed. A general fusion and control architecture for complex neural interface system is proposed. In this work, using the proposed approach we make an illustrative experiment by exploiting the Sleep Heart Health Study Polysomnography (SHHS) Database to seek to integrate with the ECG, EEG, EOG and other neural signals, and propose a good solution to the investigation of clinical neural medicine.
{"title":"Multisensor data fusion and control for complex neural interface system","authors":"Pan Wei, Weihua Li","doi":"10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499863","url":null,"abstract":"Neural Interface (NI) technology has been an area of intense recent research and development activity. Signal and information management of neural recordings for complex neural interface system become a very difficult task. Recently we develop a framework for complex neural interface system aimed at processing neural signals with multisensor fusion approaches. The relationship of the data fusion with the whole system is detailed discussed. A general fusion and control architecture for complex neural interface system is proposed. In this work, using the proposed approach we make an illustrative experiment by exploiting the Sleep Heart Health Study Polysomnography (SHHS) Database to seek to integrate with the ECG, EEG, EOG and other neural signals, and propose a good solution to the investigation of clinical neural medicine.","PeriodicalId":169717,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 2005 First International Conference on Neural Interface and Control, 2005.","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121743838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-26DOI: 10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499872
Sha Hong, Wang Yan, Ren Chaoshi
The design of implantable neuromuscular stimulator used in the behavior experiments desires that the stimulator has maximum functionality to meet the need of the implanted device, such as small size, reliable, safe and easy to use. In this thesis, we consider the basic problem above and two types devices of the stimulator are developed. The first device developed uses standard CMOS IC, and it can provide bipolar interval pulse sequence as electrical stimulation in order to avoid the effect of direct current The function of the second device is specified by software rather than by silicon hardware, allowing a single device to be programmed for different functions. The two devices have been successfully used in animal experiments, especially on rat's experiments.
{"title":"Implantable neuromuscular stimulators used in animal behavior experiments","authors":"Sha Hong, Wang Yan, Ren Chaoshi","doi":"10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499872","url":null,"abstract":"The design of implantable neuromuscular stimulator used in the behavior experiments desires that the stimulator has maximum functionality to meet the need of the implanted device, such as small size, reliable, safe and easy to use. In this thesis, we consider the basic problem above and two types devices of the stimulator are developed. The first device developed uses standard CMOS IC, and it can provide bipolar interval pulse sequence as electrical stimulation in order to avoid the effect of direct current The function of the second device is specified by software rather than by silicon hardware, allowing a single device to be programmed for different functions. The two devices have been successfully used in animal experiments, especially on rat's experiments.","PeriodicalId":169717,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 2005 First International Conference on Neural Interface and Control, 2005.","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124024656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-26DOI: 10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499835
Z. Jianzhong, Jia Shan, Cao Peipei, Yang Yuankui, Wang Xunheng
Emotions play an important role in people's everyday life. It's desirable to create intelligent computer systems that understand users' emotional states. In this paper we report on our efforts in developing multimodal affective user interface system used in emotion assessment. First, we discuss the importance of emotion research. Secondly, we introduce the prototype MAUI system built in BABYLAB. There are different modalities of synchronous inputs from the user using wireless sensors and multimedia computer sensing, including physiological signals, facial expressions, speech signals, and behavioral data. The physiological signals are collected using wireless remote sensors in real time. The images of facial expression and the ongoing videos of behavior and gesture are recorded by several cameras connected to different controlling computers. Signals captured simultaneously during experiments are saved in order to discern emotional state from processing sensory modalities over time. All these signals and experiments are collected synchronously in real time to make multimodal signal analysis convenient. Then, using this system, we present preliminary results from an exploratory study that aims to estimate emotion state with non-invasive technologies, which are mapped to their corresponding emotions. Finally, we discuss usages of this system in educational area, and people may benefit from improved satisfaction in learning and training.
{"title":"Modeling and application of multimodal affective user interface with multimedia computer sensing","authors":"Z. Jianzhong, Jia Shan, Cao Peipei, Yang Yuankui, Wang Xunheng","doi":"10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499835","url":null,"abstract":"Emotions play an important role in people's everyday life. It's desirable to create intelligent computer systems that understand users' emotional states. In this paper we report on our efforts in developing multimodal affective user interface system used in emotion assessment. First, we discuss the importance of emotion research. Secondly, we introduce the prototype MAUI system built in BABYLAB. There are different modalities of synchronous inputs from the user using wireless sensors and multimedia computer sensing, including physiological signals, facial expressions, speech signals, and behavioral data. The physiological signals are collected using wireless remote sensors in real time. The images of facial expression and the ongoing videos of behavior and gesture are recorded by several cameras connected to different controlling computers. Signals captured simultaneously during experiments are saved in order to discern emotional state from processing sensory modalities over time. All these signals and experiments are collected synchronously in real time to make multimodal signal analysis convenient. Then, using this system, we present preliminary results from an exploratory study that aims to estimate emotion state with non-invasive technologies, which are mapped to their corresponding emotions. Finally, we discuss usages of this system in educational area, and people may benefit from improved satisfaction in learning and training.","PeriodicalId":169717,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 2005 First International Conference on Neural Interface and Control, 2005.","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133563933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-26DOI: 10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499838
O. Byron, J. He, J. Hu, J. Si
While even a single bit output can impart a great deal of improvement in quality of life to patients, a richer vocabulary could obviously mean an even greater degree of control. This paper discusses ideas about extending previous results of using a support vector machine (SVM) based brain machine interface (BMI) to include multiple directions and magnitudes. It also investigates the number of neurons needed to create an accurate two direction result.
{"title":"A conceptual brain machine interface system","authors":"O. Byron, J. He, J. Hu, J. Si","doi":"10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499838","url":null,"abstract":"While even a single bit output can impart a great deal of improvement in quality of life to patients, a richer vocabulary could obviously mean an even greater degree of control. This paper discusses ideas about extending previous results of using a support vector machine (SVM) based brain machine interface (BMI) to include multiple directions and magnitudes. It also investigates the number of neurons needed to create an accurate two direction result.","PeriodicalId":169717,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 2005 First International Conference on Neural Interface and Control, 2005.","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130522910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-26DOI: 10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499830
Pei Xiaomei, Z. Chong-xun, Xu Jin, Bin Guangyu
The Adaboost classifier with Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) as base learner is proposed to discriminate the left and right hand motor imagery tasks in this paper. Firstly, multichannel complexity and held power of EEG within 10-12Hz over two brain hemispheres are extracted as feature vectors, which characterize the brain features during hand motor imagination. Then with the Adaboost classifier, the satisfactory classification results on test data can be obtained. The maximum classification accuracy reaches to 89.29% and the maximum mutual information is 0.59bit. The primary results show that the Adaboost could effectively improve the classification accuracy of left and right hand motor imagery tasks, so that it has great potentials to mental tasks classification for BCI.
{"title":"Adaboost for improving classification of left and right hand motor imagery tasks","authors":"Pei Xiaomei, Z. Chong-xun, Xu Jin, Bin Guangyu","doi":"10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499830","url":null,"abstract":"The Adaboost classifier with Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) as base learner is proposed to discriminate the left and right hand motor imagery tasks in this paper. Firstly, multichannel complexity and held power of EEG within 10-12Hz over two brain hemispheres are extracted as feature vectors, which characterize the brain features during hand motor imagination. Then with the Adaboost classifier, the satisfactory classification results on test data can be obtained. The maximum classification accuracy reaches to 89.29% and the maximum mutual information is 0.59bit. The primary results show that the Adaboost could effectively improve the classification accuracy of left and right hand motor imagery tasks, so that it has great potentials to mental tasks classification for BCI.","PeriodicalId":169717,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 2005 First International Conference on Neural Interface and Control, 2005.","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125206726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-26DOI: 10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499859
Liu Haihua, Chen Xinhao, Chen Yaguang
This paper discusses the applicability of the wavelet transform for analyzing EMG signal and discriminating motion classes. In previous many works, researchers have dealt with steady EMG and have proposed analyzing methods being suitable for the EMG, for example FFT and STFT. Therefore, it is difficult for the previous approaches to discriminate motions from the EMG in the different phases of muscle activity, i.e., pre-activity, in activity, post-activity phases, as well as the period of motion transition from one to another. In this paper, we introduce the wavelet transform using the Coiflet mother wavelet into our real-time EMG prosthetic hand controller for discriminating motions from steady and unsteady EMG. A preliminary experiment to discriminate three hand motions from four channels EMG in the initial pre-activity and in activity phase is carried out to show the effectiveness of the approach. However, future research effort is necessary to discriminate more motions much precisely.
{"title":"Wavelet transform analyzing and real-time learning method for myoelectric signal in motion discrimination","authors":"Liu Haihua, Chen Xinhao, Chen Yaguang","doi":"10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499859","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the applicability of the wavelet transform for analyzing EMG signal and discriminating motion classes. In previous many works, researchers have dealt with steady EMG and have proposed analyzing methods being suitable for the EMG, for example FFT and STFT. Therefore, it is difficult for the previous approaches to discriminate motions from the EMG in the different phases of muscle activity, i.e., pre-activity, in activity, post-activity phases, as well as the period of motion transition from one to another. In this paper, we introduce the wavelet transform using the Coiflet mother wavelet into our real-time EMG prosthetic hand controller for discriminating motions from steady and unsteady EMG. A preliminary experiment to discriminate three hand motions from four channels EMG in the initial pre-activity and in activity phase is carried out to show the effectiveness of the approach. However, future research effort is necessary to discriminate more motions much precisely.","PeriodicalId":169717,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 2005 First International Conference on Neural Interface and Control, 2005.","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115723716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-26DOI: 10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499844
Lin Jianhui, Wu Xiaoming, Huang Pengsheng, Ren Tianling, Liu Litian
This paper introduces a simple MEMS (micro electromechanical system) process to fabricate a 16-site neural recording probe array and gives a detailed characterization of the neuron-electrode interface, based on the equivalent circuit approach. The impedance magnitude of the probes shows approximately a constant slope of f/sup -0.75/ from 100Hz up to 1MHz. The action potential can be simulated by the general-purpose circuit simulation program, such as HSPICE. The responses of the microelectrodes act as a function of several parameters, such as the sealing resistance and input resistance of the preamplifier. The responses are not sensitive to the changes of the microelectrode parameters. However, appreciable influence of the parasitic capacitance was obtained when the sealing resistance was large (e.g. 100M/spl Omega/).
{"title":"A 16-site neural recording probe array and its circuit model simulation","authors":"Lin Jianhui, Wu Xiaoming, Huang Pengsheng, Ren Tianling, Liu Litian","doi":"10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499844","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a simple MEMS (micro electromechanical system) process to fabricate a 16-site neural recording probe array and gives a detailed characterization of the neuron-electrode interface, based on the equivalent circuit approach. The impedance magnitude of the probes shows approximately a constant slope of f/sup -0.75/ from 100Hz up to 1MHz. The action potential can be simulated by the general-purpose circuit simulation program, such as HSPICE. The responses of the microelectrodes act as a function of several parameters, such as the sealing resistance and input resistance of the preamplifier. The responses are not sensitive to the changes of the microelectrode parameters. However, appreciable influence of the parasitic capacitance was obtained when the sealing resistance was large (e.g. 100M/spl Omega/).","PeriodicalId":169717,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 2005 First International Conference on Neural Interface and Control, 2005.","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125390992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-26DOI: 10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499865
Tonghan Lan, Cheng Bo, Qi-ling Liu, Jiarui Lin
The kinetics of ion channels have been widely modeled as a Markov process. In these models it is assumed that the channel protein has a small number of discrete conformational states and kinetic rate constants connecting these states are constant. In this paper, voltage-dependent K/sup +/ channel current is recorded using cell-attached patch-clamp technique in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Due to various sources of noise, such as, seal leakage, electronic noise in the equipment, and shot noise in the channel. Firstly wavelet packet (WP) analysis is applied denoise, the error analysis shown that max error is 10.658fA, the result shown patch-clamp signals exist partially noise eliminated. Secondly Spectral analysis of ion channel current is studied, the result make known that spectrum is not flat spectrum, the data set from wavelet reconstruction shows considerable variability with a broad 1/f-like spectrum. Thirdly the phase space plot of x(t+/spl Delta/ t) versus x(t) is different for the random and the deterministic process, thus phase space analysis can be used to analyze time series to determine if it was generated by a random or a deterministics mechanism, the result is indicated that the gating kinetics of k/sup +/ channel in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons with nonlinear dynamics properties. Absolute values of C/sub a,b/ coefficients for different scales look similar, while resemblance index also resembles itself at difference scales. Thus, the voltage dependence of the gating of this ion channel exhibits nonlinear dynamics properties.
{"title":"Nonlinear kinetics, fractals and chaos: applications to potassium single channel","authors":"Tonghan Lan, Cheng Bo, Qi-ling Liu, Jiarui Lin","doi":"10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499865","url":null,"abstract":"The kinetics of ion channels have been widely modeled as a Markov process. In these models it is assumed that the channel protein has a small number of discrete conformational states and kinetic rate constants connecting these states are constant. In this paper, voltage-dependent K/sup +/ channel current is recorded using cell-attached patch-clamp technique in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Due to various sources of noise, such as, seal leakage, electronic noise in the equipment, and shot noise in the channel. Firstly wavelet packet (WP) analysis is applied denoise, the error analysis shown that max error is 10.658fA, the result shown patch-clamp signals exist partially noise eliminated. Secondly Spectral analysis of ion channel current is studied, the result make known that spectrum is not flat spectrum, the data set from wavelet reconstruction shows considerable variability with a broad 1/f-like spectrum. Thirdly the phase space plot of x(t+/spl Delta/ t) versus x(t) is different for the random and the deterministic process, thus phase space analysis can be used to analyze time series to determine if it was generated by a random or a deterministics mechanism, the result is indicated that the gating kinetics of k/sup +/ channel in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons with nonlinear dynamics properties. Absolute values of C/sub a,b/ coefficients for different scales look similar, while resemblance index also resembles itself at difference scales. Thus, the voltage dependence of the gating of this ion channel exhibits nonlinear dynamics properties.","PeriodicalId":169717,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 2005 First International Conference on Neural Interface and Control, 2005.","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117046119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-26DOI: 10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499831
Chen Qiang, Peng Hu, Feng Huanqing
To find a new method to get more classifiable EEG patterns in event-related desynchronization/synchronization based brain-computer interface, we designed a experiment to study the relation between finger motion complexity and the energy features of EEG. Data analysis show that around primary motor cortex, energy of finger motion under different complexity shows notable distinction in /spl beta/ band.
{"title":"Experiment study of the relation between motion complexity and event-related desynchronization/synchronization","authors":"Chen Qiang, Peng Hu, Feng Huanqing","doi":"10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499831","url":null,"abstract":"To find a new method to get more classifiable EEG patterns in event-related desynchronization/synchronization based brain-computer interface, we designed a experiment to study the relation between finger motion complexity and the energy features of EEG. Data analysis show that around primary motor cortex, energy of finger motion under different complexity shows notable distinction in /spl beta/ band.","PeriodicalId":169717,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 2005 First International Conference on Neural Interface and Control, 2005.","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126412264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-26DOI: 10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499853
Dang Yanjun, Lin Jiarui, Yang Zhong-le, Shu Weiguang
The aim of this study is to detect nonlinear dynamic properties in evoked potential (EP) with correlation dimension (CD). We also want to identify if CD could be used as a discriminating statistic of spontaneous EEG and EP. The CD of EEG before and after stimulations are studied. The CD of EP in single trial form and multitrials average form are also studied. Results from this study show that the correlation dimensions of evoked potential is lower than spontaneous EEG. EP signals have less complicated properties than spontaneous EEG.
{"title":"Using the correlation dimension for estimation of the complexity of visual evoked potential signal","authors":"Dang Yanjun, Lin Jiarui, Yang Zhong-le, Shu Weiguang","doi":"10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNIC.2005.1499853","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to detect nonlinear dynamic properties in evoked potential (EP) with correlation dimension (CD). We also want to identify if CD could be used as a discriminating statistic of spontaneous EEG and EP. The CD of EEG before and after stimulations are studied. The CD of EP in single trial form and multitrials average form are also studied. Results from this study show that the correlation dimensions of evoked potential is lower than spontaneous EEG. EP signals have less complicated properties than spontaneous EEG.","PeriodicalId":169717,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 2005 First International Conference on Neural Interface and Control, 2005.","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132197762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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