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P- and S-wave attenuation in the northern region of the Gulf of California, Mexico 墨西哥加利福尼亚湾北部地区的纵波和横波衰减
IF 1.6 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-07-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10950-023-10160-w
Elsy Marleth Torres-Sánchez, Raúl Ramón Castro

We determine average attenuation functions and estimates of the quality factor Q for both P- and S-waves in the northern Gulf of California, Mexico. We use seismograms from the Broadband Seismological Network of the Gulf of California (RESBAN) operated by the Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California (CICESE). The database consisted of 64 earthquakes with Mw between 4.5 and 6.6 and hypocentral distances between 30 and 350 km. Attenuation functions were determined from a nonparametric model obtained by inverting observed spectral amplitudes of 25 frequencies between 0.1 and 25.12 Hz. To estimate ({Q}_{p}) and ({Q}_{s}), three geometric dispersion functions were defined: one frequency dependent and two frequency independent. We find that the estimates of (Q) depend strongly on the geometric dispersion function adopted. Estimates of (Q) obtained for the hypocentral distance from 30 to 350 km indicate that P-wave attenuation is larger than S-wave attenuation regardless of the geometrical spreading function used. When using the frequency-dependent geometric dispersion, we estimate that ({Q}_{P}=224.6{f}^{1.10}) and ({Q}_{S}=244.7{f}^{1.17}). In general, the high values of ({Q}_{p}) and ({Q}_{s}) suggest that the northern Gulf of California consists of a continental crust, possibly containing rocks with low fluid content and that the likely high pressure present in that region could generate a decrease in attenuation due to the closure of pores in the rock. In addition, the values of the ({Q}_{s}/{Q}_{p}) ratio suggest that the rocks in that region must have a low fluid content.

我们确定了墨西哥加利福尼亚湾北部P波和s波的平均衰减函数和质量因子Q的估计。我们使用了加利福尼亚湾宽带地震台网(RESBAN)的地震图,该台网由下加利福尼亚州Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada中心(CICESE)运营。该数据库包含64次地震,震级在4.5到6.6之间,震源距离在30到350公里之间。衰减函数由非参数模型确定,该模型通过反演0.1至25.12 Hz之间25个频率的观测频谱幅值获得。为了估计({Q}_{p})和({Q}_{s}),定义了三个几何色散函数:一个与频率相关,两个与频率无关。我们发现(Q)的估计很大程度上依赖于所采用的几何色散函数。震源距离为30 ~ 350 km的(Q)估计表明,无论使用何种几何扩展函数,纵波衰减都大于s波衰减。当使用频率相关的几何色散时,我们估计({Q}_{P}=224.6{f}^{1.10})和({Q}_{S}=244.7{f}^{1.17})。总的来说,({Q}_{p})和({Q}_{s})的高值表明加利福尼亚湾北部由大陆地壳组成,可能含有低流体含量的岩石,该区域可能存在的高压可能由于岩石中孔隙的封闭而导致衰减减少。此外,({Q}_{s}/{Q}_{p})比值的值表明,该地区的岩石流体含量一定很低。
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引用次数: 0
Discrimination of quarry blasts from earthquakes in Northern and Central Egypt using linear and quadratic discriminant functions 利用线性和二次判别函数判别埃及北部和中部地震中采石场爆炸
IF 1.6 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-07-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10950-023-10156-6
I. M. Korrat, M. N. Elgabry, Ahmed Lethy, H. M. Hussein, Evrim Yavuz, Adel S. Othman

Abstract  

In this study, seismic events in Northern and Central Egypt are inspected to discriminate quarry blasts from earthquakes. We examine a collection of 639 events in both time and frequency domains with local magnitudes of 1.5 ≤ ML ≤ 3.3 from the Egyptian Seismological Network’s seismic event catalogue between 2009 and 2015. The maximum S-wave to the maximum P-wave amplitude ratio, complexity (C), spectral ratio (Sr), and power of events (Pe) classifiers as well as two statistical approaches, linear discriminant function (LDF) and quadratic discriminant function (QDF), are used to distinguish between earthquakes and quarry blasts. The usage of the LDF and QDF forms did not result in any major differences in the discrimination. The results obtained by the LDF and QDF from (Pe-C) are the best of all approaches. The findings of all approaches were compared to get a final categorization for each event, and a decision was achieved when at least three of the four methods provided the same event category. In Northern Egypt, 243 earthquakes and 308 quarry blasts could be identified as final decisions, with two misclassified events, resulting in an overall success rate of 99.6%. In Central Egypt, 48 earthquakes and 36 quarry blasts were classified as a final decision, with two misclassified events, for an overall success percentage of 97.6%.

在本研究中,对埃及北部和中部的地震事件进行了检查,以区分采石场爆炸和地震。我们研究了2009年至2015年间埃及地震台网地震事件目录中当地震级为1.5≤ML≤3.3的639个时间和频率域事件的集合。最大横波与最大纵波振幅比、复杂性(C)、谱比(Sr)和事件威力(Pe)分类器以及线性判别函数(LDF)和二次判别函数(QDF)两种统计方法用于区分地震和采石场爆炸。LDF和QDF格式的使用没有导致任何重大差异的歧视。LDF和QDF的结果是所有方法中最好的。将所有方法的结果进行比较,以获得每个事件的最终分类,当四种方法中至少有三种提供相同的事件分类时,就可以做出决定。在埃及北部,243次地震和308次采石场爆炸可以被确定为最终决策,有两次错误分类事件,导致总体成功率为99.6%。在埃及中部,48次地震和36次采石场爆炸被归类为最终决定,有两次错误分类事件,总体成功率为97.6%。
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引用次数: 0
On the trail of fluids in the northernmost intracontinental earthquake swarm areas of the Leipzig-Regensburg fault zone, Germany 在德国莱比锡-雷根斯堡断裂带最北端大陆内地震群区的流体轨迹上
IF 1.6 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10950-023-10146-8
Marcel van Laaten, Ulrich Wegler, Tom Eulenfeld

The Leipzig-Regensburg fault zone is documented as a band of seismic activity extending northwards from the earthquake swarm region NW-Bohemia/Vogtland at the Czech-German border area and is intersected by several Hercynian fault zones. Along the fault zone, there are several earthquake swarm areas, the northernmost of which are Schöneck and Werdau. In this study, we investigate the presumably fluid-induced earthquake swarm activity of the Schöneck and Werdau area. For this purpose, we apply two methods: local earthquake tomography and receiver functions to identify the structural composition of the crust, the areas affected by fluids and the origin of the fluids. We detected potential fluid paths characterised by high Vp/Vs ratios and granite intrusions nearby the swarms characterised by low Vp/Vs anomalies. Receiver function analysis yields the Moho at 25 to 33 km depth and two seismic discontinuities at 55 km and 68 km depth.

根据文献记载,莱比锡-雷根斯堡断裂带是一条地震活动带,从捷克-德国边境地区的地震群区西北波西米亚/沃格特兰向北延伸,并与几个海西断裂带相交。沿着断裂带,有几个地震群区,其中最北端是Schöneck和Werdau。在本研究中,我们研究了Schöneck和Werdau地区可能由流体引起的地震群活动。为此,我们采用局部地震层析成像和接收函数两种方法来识别地壳的结构组成、受流体影响的区域和流体的起源。我们发现了以高Vp/Vs比为特征的潜在流体路径,以及在群附近以低Vp/Vs异常为特征的花岗岩侵入物。接收函数分析得到25 ~ 33 km深度的莫霍线和55 km和68 km深度的两个地震不连续面。
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引用次数: 0
Finite-fault simulations for rotations and strains in the near-fault subjected to layered reduced micropolar half-space 层状微极半空间下近断层旋转和应变的有限断层模拟
IF 1.6 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10950-023-10140-0
Mohammad Atif, S. T. G. Raghukanth, S. R. Manam

The unmatched seismic theoretical rotations from the experimental data led the researchers to develop the reduced micropolar theory in seismology. The study here mainly focuses on the finite-fault simulations for rotations and strains in the near-fault region for a causative strike-slip fault of the (M_w) 6.5 event. Firstly, the parametric investigation is performed on additional material parameters, viz. micropolar couple modulus and microinertia density to the rotations and strains. Secondly, the seismic source parameters such as rupture velocity, slip velocity, burial fault depth, earthquake magnitude, hypocenter location and slip amplitude are varied to see the effect of these parameters on rotations and strains seismograms. The results in different scenarios are compared to the classical elastic medium and reduced micropolar medium. The rotations obtained using reduced micropolar theory are comparatively high to the rotations of classical elastic theory. Although, the obtained displacements in both theories are almost the same. The normal strains in both theories are equivalent, while the shear strains differ as the shear strains in reduced micropolar theory are asymmetric and rotation dependent. The increment in the value of microinertia density increases the rotations, however, the converse is true in the case of micropolar couple modulus. The parametric analysis results demonstrate that near-fault ground rotations and strains are highly sensitive to changes in the seismic source parameters. For instance, modelling the medium homogeneous decreases the amplitude and duration of seismograms sharply compared to layered media. Finally, peak ground contours of displacements, rotations and strains are presented for different hypocenter locations using grid point simulation, and it is found that a change of hypocenter location alters the spatial distribution of peak values of these quantities in the near-fault region of the surface plane. Nevertheless, the maximum limit of peak values over the entire ground surface is near equal for the different hypocentral locations.

从实验数据中得到的无与伦比的地震理论旋转使研究人员在地震学中发展了减少微极理论。本文主要研究了(M_w) 6.5事件中一条致病走滑断层近断层区域的有限断层旋转和应变模拟。首先,对附加材料参数进行了参数化研究,即微极偶模量和微惯性密度对旋转和应变的影响。其次,改变震源参数,如破裂速度、滑动速度、埋藏断层深度、地震震级、震源位置和滑动幅值,观察这些参数对旋转和应变地震记录的影响。将不同情况下的结果与经典弹性介质和简化微极介质进行了比较。用微极化简理论得到的旋转比经典弹性理论得到的旋转要高。尽管如此,两种理论得到的位移几乎相同。两种理论中的正应变是等效的,而剪切应变不同,因为微极化理论中的剪切应变是不对称的和旋转相关的。微惯性密度值的增加会增加旋转,而微极偶模量的增加则相反。参数分析结果表明,近断层地旋和应变对震源参数的变化高度敏感。例如,与分层介质相比,均匀介质的模拟大大降低了地震记录的振幅和持续时间。最后,利用网格点模拟得到了不同震源位置下的位移、旋转和应变峰值等值线,发现震源位置的变化会改变地表近断层区域这些峰值的空间分布。然而,在不同的震源位置,整个地表的峰值最大值几乎相等。
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引用次数: 0
Seismic event classification based on a two-step convolutional neural network 基于两步卷积神经网络的地震事件分类
IF 1.6 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1007/s10950-023-10153-9
Long Yue, Junhao Qu, Shaohui Zhou, Bao’an Qu, Yanwei Zhang, Qingfeng Xu

The identification of unnatural earthquake events is one of the tasks of earthquake rapid report. The identification accuracy is of great significance for improving the quality of earthquake catalog and seismological research. In this study, a 7-layer convolutional neural network model was constructed to identify unnatural earthquakes. First, the three-component seismic waveform was input to obtain the waveform image classifier, and then, the time–frequency spectrum of blasting and collapse was input to obtain the time–frequency spectrum classifier. The two classifiers were used to identify natural earthquake, blasting, and collapse. The model was trained and tested using 3386 seismic events of Shandong seismic network from 2017 to 2022. The events identified as blasting by the waveform image classifier were reidentified by the time–frequency spectrum classifier. Finally, the identification accuracy of natural earthquake, blasting, and collapse is 97.50%, 95.87%, and 86.84%, respectively, with an average accuracy rate of 96.13%. The experimental results show that the two-step convolutional neural network can extract the characteristics of seismic signals from multiple angles, which get a good result in seismic event classification.

非自然地震事件的识别是地震快速报告的任务之一。识别精度的提高对提高地震目录质量和地震学研究具有重要意义。在本研究中,构建了一个7层卷积神经网络模型来识别非自然地震。首先输入三分量地震波形,得到波形图像分类器,然后输入爆破和塌陷的时频谱,得到时频谱分类器。这两种分类器分别用于识别自然地震、爆破和坍塌。利用2017 - 2022年山东地震台网3386个地震事件对模型进行了训练和检验。将波形图像分类器识别出的爆破事件用时频谱分类器重新识别。最后,对自然地震、爆破和塌方的识别准确率分别为97.50%、95.87%和86.84%,平均准确率为96.13%。实验结果表明,两步卷积神经网络可以从多个角度提取地震信号的特征,在地震事件分类中取得了较好的效果。
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引用次数: 0
Regional variation of coda Q in Northwest Caucasus 西北高加索地区尾波Q的区域差异
IF 1.6 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10950-023-10154-8
Anastasia S. Zvereva, Jens Havskov, Irina P. Gabsatarova

Abstract

Coda Q has been studied in the Northwest Caucasus region using 267 earthquakes and 17 stations from the network of the Geophysical Survey, Russian Academy of Sciences. This is the first Qc study for the region using such a large dataset. The average frequency-dependent coda Q relationship is (Q_c;=;90;pm;21cdot f^{1.02pm0.11}) . This value compares closely to other similar tectonic areas in the world where the same processing parameter had been used. Three specific zones, two in the Greater Caucasus tectonic area and one east of the Ciscaucasian trough area, were studied separately. There was a clear difference in Qc between the zones, particularly for the Ciscaucasian trough area which shows a higher Qc than the 2 other zones. However, the difference between the zones became smaller when using long lapse times tending to give a constant Qc as a function of lapse time. For a longer lapse time, it is assumed that a large part of the coda waves passes the mantle. The 2 zones in Greater Caucasus now had a similar Qc while the East zone in the Ciscaucasian trough still gave the highest values. We contribute this difference to differences in attenuation in the mantle under the two tectonic areas. In our area, there is then a clear difference in Qc for the 3 study areas in the crust but in the mantle the difference is mainly between the two tectonic zones.

摘要利用俄罗斯科学院地球物理调查台网的17个台站和267次地震资料,对西北高加索地区的coda Q进行了研究。这是该地区首次使用如此庞大的数据集进行Qc研究。平均频率相关的尾数Q关系为(Q_c;=;90;pm;21cdot f^{1.02pm0.11})。这一数值与世界上使用相同处理参数的其他类似构造区非常接近。分别研究了大高加索构造区和顺高加索海槽区以东的三个具体带。区域间Qc有明显差异,特别是高加索槽区,其Qc高于其他2个区域。然而,当使用长时间的移动时,区域之间的差异变得更小,趋向于给出一个常数Qc作为移动时间的函数。在较长的时间内,假设尾波的很大一部分通过地幔。大高加索地区的两个区域现在有了相似的Qc,而中高加索槽的东部区域仍然给出了最高的值。我们将这种差异归因于两个构造区下地幔衰减的差异。在我区,3个研究区在地壳上存在明显的Qc差异,而在地幔上的差异主要存在于两个构造带之间。
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引用次数: 0
Site effect estimation in the Tehran basin and its impact on simulation results 德黑兰盆地场地效应估算及其对模拟结果的影响
IF 1.6 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.1007/s10950-023-10149-5
Reza Alikhanzadeh, Hamid Zafarani, Behzad Hassani

Recent earthquake damage distributions have demonstrated that the influence of local geology on ground shaking is a significant factor in engineering seismology. So, calculating the site effect is a priority to get a trustworthy assessment of the seismic risk for a location, in addition to studying the local seismic sources. The signal amplitude can be amplified by this effect throughout a range of periods. The site effect has been calculated using a variety of computational and experimental techniques, such as seismic noise measurements. In this study, to calculate the site effect, the analysis of accelerograms recorded by Iran’s strong motion network of the Road, Housing, and Urban Development Research Center was used. Here, 294 records from 63 stations were used to calculate the H/V (horizontal to vertical spectral ratio) curve as well as the near-surface high-frequency attenuation parameter (κ0). The classification method is based on determining the peak period at each station. To examine site effect consideration, we use the hybrid method composed of the finite difference method for low frequencies (< 1 Hz) and a stochastic finite fault method for high-frequency radiation (> 1 Hz) to simulate an earthquake scenario on the Niavaran fault, which is located north of Tehran, Iran. According to the findings, different site classes cause spectral amplitude variations ranging from 11 to 28% at different periods (T = 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 4.0 s).

近年来的地震震害分布表明,局部地质对地震动的影响是工程地震学中的一个重要因素。因此,除了研究当地震源外,计算场地效应是获得可靠的地点地震风险评估的优先事项。在一定的周期内,这种效应可以放大信号的幅度。利用各种计算和实验技术,如地震噪声测量,计算了场地效应。在本研究中,为了计算场地效应,使用了伊朗道路、住房和城市发展研究中心强震网络记录的加速度分析。利用63个台站的294条记录,计算了H/V曲线和近地表高频衰减参数κ0。分类方法基于确定各站点的高峰时段。为了检验场地效应的考虑,我们使用低频有限差分法(< 1hz)和高频辐射随机有限断层法(> 1hz)组成的混合方法来模拟位于伊朗德黑兰北部的Niavaran断层的地震情景。结果表明,不同站点类别在不同时段(T = 0.2、0.5、1.0和4.0 s)引起的光谱幅值变化幅度在11% ~ 28%之间。
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引用次数: 1
Development of magnitude correlation equations for the tsunamigenic zones of the Indian Ocean 印度洋海啸发生带震级相关方程的建立
IF 1.6 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-05-27 DOI: 10.1007/s10950-023-10151-x
Nazeel Sabah, Daya Shanker

There is a pressing need for a homogonous tsunami catalogue for the Indian Ocean as nearly 20% of tsunami events worldwide affect the region. Any study on tsunami hazard assessment necessitates a homogenous tsunamigenic earthquake catalogue. The existing records of strong tsunamigenic earthquakes have the magnitudes expressed in moment magnitude (MW), body wave magnitude (mb), local magnitude (ML), and surface wave magnitude (MS). This study deals with developing regional magnitude correlation equations for tsunamigenic earthquakes of the Indian Ocean. The present investigation estimates the threshold magnitude and focal depth for an earthquake to turn tsunamigenic. It is found that earthquakes above MW ≥ 5.9 and focal depth ≤ 80 km have the potential to generate a tsunami in the region. The moment magnitude is the most proper scale to characterize the size of large tsunamigenic earthquakes as it is more directly related to the released energy and does not suffer saturation. Hence, equations have been developed to convert surface wave magnitude (MS) to moment magnitude (MW) using three types of regression models viz. standard regression (SR), inverse standard regression (ISR), and orthogonal standard regression (OSR). The efficacy of these models has been compared in terms of R-squared and residual analysis. This study indicates that OSR is the best-suited regression model for developing magnitude correlation equations for the three zones of the Indian Ocean region under study. Also, a single unified conversion equation for the whole of the Indian Ocean has been derived with rational accuracy.

由于全世界近20%的海啸事件影响到印度洋地区,因此迫切需要为印度洋编制一份统一的海啸目录。任何海啸灾害评估的研究都需要一个统一的海啸地震目录。现有的强海啸地震记录的震级有矩震级(MW)、体波震级(mb)、局地震级(ML)和面波震级(MS)。本文研究了印度洋海啸性地震的区域震级相关方程。本研究估计了地震变为海啸的阈值震级和震源深度。发现震源深度≤80 km且震级≥5.9 MW以上的地震有可能在该地区引发海啸。矩震级是表征大海啸地震大小的最合适尺度,因为矩震级与释放的能量更直接相关,而且不受饱和影响。因此,利用标准回归(SR)、逆标准回归(ISR)和正交标准回归(OSR)三种回归模型,建立了将表面波震级(MS)转换为矩震级(MW)的方程。根据r平方和残差分析比较了这些模型的有效性。研究表明,OSR是最适合于建立印度洋三带震级相关方程的回归模型。此外,还以合理的精度导出了整个印度洋的统一换算方程。
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引用次数: 0
Updated seismic hazard curves, maps, and spectra for the northern Dominican Republic using a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis 使用概率地震灾害分析更新了多米尼加共和国北部的地震灾害曲线、地图和光谱
IF 1.6 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.1007/s10950-023-10150-y
Kalil Erazo

This article presents updated seismic hazard curves, spectra, and maps of ground motion intensity measures for the northern region of the Dominican Republic (DR) obtained using a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). The analysis performed uses as input data an earthquake recurrence model based on fault slip rates derived from GPS measurements published in the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake. The seismicity rate data are used to calibrate a composite characteristic earthquake model, which is combined with a Poisson process to provide a temporal characterization of earthquake occurrence. The seismic hazard curves and maps presented include parameters such as (horizontal) peak ground acceleration and pseudo-spectral response accelerations at 0.2s and 1.0s periods for 5% damping at firm rock sites. The results show that the ground motion parameters with a 2% probability of exceedance (PE) in 50 years determined in this study are up to 46% larger than the corresponding parameters specified in the current DR building code seismic hazard maps for the northern DR. Moreover, the design response spectra for a site in the city of Santiago specified in the code is significantly lower than the 2% PE in 50 years uniform hazard spectra determined in this study for vibration periods smaller than 0.5s, a range that includes the majority of the structures that define the built environment of the DR.

本文介绍了多米尼加共和国(DR)北部地区使用概率地震危害分析(PSHA)获得的最新地震危险曲线、光谱和地震动强度测量图。该分析使用基于断层滑动率的地震重现模型作为输入数据,该模型来源于2010年海地地震后发布的GPS测量数据。地震活动性数据用于校准一个复合特征地震模型,该模型与泊松过程相结合,以提供地震发生的时间特征。给出的地震危险曲线和地图包括(水平)峰值地面加速度和伪谱响应加速度等参数,在坚固的岩石场地,在5%的阻尼下,0.2s和1.0s周期。结果表明,本研究确定的50年超过概率为2%的地震动参数比现行DR建筑规范中DR北部地震危险度图中规定的相应参数大46%。规范中规定的圣地亚迭市一个场地的设计响应谱明显低于本研究确定的振动周期小于0.5s的50年均匀危险谱的2% PE,该范围包括定义DR建筑环境的大多数结构。
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引用次数: 0
A minimum 1-D velocity model of Northern Thailand 泰国北部的最小一维速度模型
IF 1.6 4区 地球科学 Q3 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.1007/s10950-023-10148-6
Kasemsak Saetang, Helmut Duerrast

Standard seismological practices use a 1-D velocity model to calculate and determine earthquake hypocenters. For Northern Thailand, a minimum 1-D velocity model with station delays by applying the VELEST code is first presented here, which can be applied for earthquake location determinations as well as an initial model for 3-D seismic tomography studies. Altogether 614 P- and 689 S-wave travel time data from 145 events were manually picked from earthquake waveforms recorded by 13 seismic stations operated under the Thai Meteorological Department (TMD) from October 2009 through March 2021. A set of five velocity models with 5-km-layer thicknesses down to 40 km depth were tested with earthquake locations to obtain the best-fit velocity models. Results provided minimum travel-time differences between observed and calculated P and S first arrival times. After 13–20 iterations, a reduction of RMS (root-mean-square) values of the travel time residuals approaching a final minimum was observed. The vertical distribution of the hypocenters indicates that seismicity is concentrated in the upper 20 km depth range below northern Thailand. Only few events are found at deeper levels. The 1-D velocity model has slightly lower velocity values than the global velocity model (ak135 and iasp91). Station delays of P- and S-waves are in the range of −0.8 s and +0.7 s, indicating laterally varying geology correlating with near-surface geology. Positive delay times are related to softer sedimentary rocks and sediments, and negative delay times to igneous rock outcrops.

标准的地震学实践使用一维速度模型来计算和确定震源。对于泰国北部,本文首次提出了通过应用VELEST代码获得的具有站点延迟的最小一维速度模型,该模型可用于地震位置确定,也可用于三维地震层析成像研究的初始模型。从2009年10月至2021年3月,泰国气象部门(TMD)运营的13个地震台站记录的地震波形中,人工挑选了145个事件的614个P波和689个s波走时数据。采用5 km层厚至40 km深度的5个速度模型与地震地点进行了测试,以获得最佳拟合速度模型。结果提供了观测和计算的P和S首次到达时间之间的最小旅行时间差异。经过13-20次迭代后,观察到旅行时间残差的均方根值(RMS)接近最终最小值。震源的垂直分布表明,地震活动集中在泰国北部以下20 km以上深度范围内。只有少数事件是在更深层次上发现的。一维速度模型的速度值略低于全局速度模型(ak135和iasp91)。纵波和横波台站延迟在- 0.8 s和+0.7 s范围内,表明与近地表地质相关的横向变化地质。正延迟时间与较软的沉积岩和沉积物有关,负延迟时间与火成岩露头有关。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Seismology
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