Les agriculteurs qui vivent en couple tendent a se marier davantage que les autres categories socio-professionnelles, et a moins divorcer. A partir de l’enquete Etude de l’histoire familiale (INSEE/INED 1999) et d’une enquete ethnographique sur les jeunes viticulteurs de la region de Cognac, l’auteure montre, cependant, que les agriculteurs et leurs compagnes ne constituent pas des groupes sociaux « a part », « a l’abri » de la fragilisation croissante des rapports conjugaux. Elle repere ainsi des transformations similaires a celles de la population salariee : la fin du recours systematique au mariage, l’augmentation des divorces et plus generalement la possibilite, toujours presente dans la vie de couple, de la separation. Il n’empeche que les ruptures d’union, quand elles mettent en jeu un agriculteur, s’inscrivent dans des contextes sociaux particuliers et comportent des implications specifiques. Cette specificite est liee non seulement a la presence d’une entreprise familiale, mais surtout a l’importance de la transmission de cette derniere dans la lignee.
{"title":"«Se marier pour aller jusqu'au bout ensemble ? » Ruptures conjugales et transmission des exploitations agricoles dans la lignée","authors":"C. Bessière","doi":"10.3406/reae.2008.1947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/reae.2008.1947","url":null,"abstract":"Les agriculteurs qui vivent en couple tendent a se marier davantage que les autres categories socio-professionnelles, et a moins divorcer. A partir de l’enquete Etude de l’histoire familiale (INSEE/INED 1999) et d’une enquete ethnographique sur les jeunes viticulteurs de la region de Cognac, l’auteure montre, cependant, que les agriculteurs et leurs compagnes ne constituent pas des groupes sociaux « a part », « a l’abri » de la fragilisation croissante des rapports conjugaux. Elle repere ainsi des transformations similaires a celles de la population salariee : la fin du recours systematique au mariage, l’augmentation des divorces et plus generalement la possibilite, toujours presente dans la vie de couple, de la separation. Il n’empeche que les ruptures d’union, quand elles mettent en jeu un agriculteur, s’inscrivent dans des contextes sociaux particuliers et comportent des implications specifiques. Cette specificite est liee non seulement a la presence d’une entreprise familiale, mais surtout a l’importance de la transmission de cette derniere dans la lignee.","PeriodicalId":170092,"journal":{"name":"Revue d’études en Agriculture et Environnement","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125535406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Les inspecteurs de la sante publique veterinaire (ISPV) forment un corps au sens fort du terme, organiquement et symboliquement, mais un corps en transformation. Certaines de ses modifications dependent des avatars politiques de la sante publique et de leur traduction dans le champ du pouvoir ou les ISPV ont a compter avec d’autres rivaux et sont en position de « dominants domines ». Mais les changements essentiels sont d’un autre ordre. Ils tiennent a la bipolarisation d’un corps partage entre, d’un cote, les plus anciens (plus âges, plus grades, plus experimentes mais sans formation specifique, des hommes souvent portes par la promotion sociale, la leur et celle de leurs ascendants) qui sont aussi plus enclins a s’inscrire dans les jeux de pouvoir locaux ; de l’autre, les plus jeunes, en âge et en anciennete (plutot des femmes et de moindre grade), qui semblent adopter plus volontiers le mode procedural d’exercice du metier.
{"title":"Un corps évolutif : les inspecteurs de la santé publique vétérinaire","authors":"P. Fritsch","doi":"10.3406/reae.2009.1983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/reae.2009.1983","url":null,"abstract":"Les inspecteurs de la sante publique veterinaire (ISPV) forment un corps au sens fort du terme, organiquement et symboliquement, mais un corps en transformation. Certaines de ses modifications dependent des avatars politiques de la sante publique et de leur traduction dans le champ du pouvoir ou les ISPV ont a compter avec d’autres rivaux et sont en position de « dominants domines ». Mais les changements essentiels sont d’un autre ordre. Ils tiennent a la bipolarisation d’un corps partage entre, d’un cote, les plus anciens (plus âges, plus grades, plus experimentes mais sans formation specifique, des hommes souvent portes par la promotion sociale, la leur et celle de leurs ascendants) qui sont aussi plus enclins a s’inscrire dans les jeux de pouvoir locaux ; de l’autre, les plus jeunes, en âge et en anciennete (plutot des femmes et de moindre grade), qui semblent adopter plus volontiers le mode procedural d’exercice du metier.","PeriodicalId":170092,"journal":{"name":"Revue d’études en Agriculture et Environnement","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126307348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many researches try to explain consumer’s acceptance and opposition to GMO with focus on social factors. With a causal or an associationist theoretical model, different authors put forward the notion of trust as determining to define the position of individuals. Because as in the present case we could fear the simultaneity of decisions (trust, risk perceptions and acceptability), we have to take into account this endogeneity risk. With data from a European Survey (Eurobarometer 64.3 2005), multivariate probit was used to specify the importance of trust in the various organizations involved in the public debate on the acceptance of genetically modified foods on behalf of the “ordinary citizens”. We discuss this portrait of European citizens that shows them to be increasingly optimistic about biotechnology, while being divided on this question.
{"title":"On the impact of trust on consumer willingness to purchase GM food: Evidence from a European survey","authors":"D. Rousselière, Samira Rousselière","doi":"10.3406/reae.2010.1936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/reae.2010.1936","url":null,"abstract":"Many researches try to explain consumer’s acceptance and opposition to GMO with focus on social factors. With a causal or an associationist theoretical model, different authors put forward the notion of trust as determining to define the position of individuals. Because as in the present case we could fear the simultaneity of decisions (trust, risk perceptions and acceptability), we have to take into account this endogeneity risk. With data from a European Survey (Eurobarometer 64.3 2005), multivariate probit was used to specify the importance of trust in the various organizations involved in the public debate on the acceptance of genetically modified foods on behalf of the “ordinary citizens”. We discuss this portrait of European citizens that shows them to be increasingly optimistic about biotechnology, while being divided on this question.","PeriodicalId":170092,"journal":{"name":"Revue d’études en Agriculture et Environnement","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128728223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4074/S1966960711001044
C. Nicourt
L’article vise a montrer comment l’organisation du travail des eleveurs de porcs les a vulnerabilises au travers d’un demi-siecle de politiques publiques. Pour suivre et interpreter de quelle maniere le travail a joue ce role de desintegration sociale, nous analysons les prescriptions qui le normalisent. Cette normalisation met en evidence le passage d’un travail construit dans des situations collectives ou predominent les pairs a des situations d’isolement. En nous appuyant sur des enquetes de terrain aupres d’eleveurs, nous retracons la construction d’un modele du metier qui repose sur une transformation des relations entre pairs. Nous decrivons ensuite comment la specialisation modifie les manieres de travailler en deliant les collectifs. Nous analysons enfin de quelle facon, dans un espace rural recompose ou les eleveurs sont critiques, ces deliaisons peuvent renforcer leur vulnerabilite sociale.
{"title":"Normalisation du travail d’élevage et vulnérabilité sociale des éleveurs de porcs","authors":"C. Nicourt","doi":"10.4074/S1966960711001044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4074/S1966960711001044","url":null,"abstract":"L’article vise a montrer comment l’organisation du travail des eleveurs de porcs les a vulnerabilises au travers d’un demi-siecle de politiques publiques. Pour suivre et interpreter de quelle maniere le travail a joue ce role de desintegration sociale, nous analysons les prescriptions qui le normalisent. Cette normalisation met en evidence le passage d’un travail construit dans des situations collectives ou predominent les pairs a des situations d’isolement. En nous appuyant sur des enquetes de terrain aupres d’eleveurs, nous retracons la construction d’un modele du metier qui repose sur une transformation des relations entre pairs. Nous decrivons ensuite comment la specialisation modifie les manieres de travailler en deliant les collectifs. Nous analysons enfin de quelle facon, dans un espace rural recompose ou les eleveurs sont critiques, ces deliaisons peuvent renforcer leur vulnerabilite sociale.","PeriodicalId":170092,"journal":{"name":"Revue d’études en Agriculture et Environnement","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116844732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
[paper in French] The stabilization of agricultural markets and incomes is, with the support of farm income, one of the initial objectives of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). These two objectives have long been reached simultaneously thanks to price support mechanisms. However, the successive CAP reforms have progressively replaced these instruments by a system of payments more and more decoupled from production and prices. The evolution of the CAP thus questions its price stabilizing aspect, and one can wonder whether new risk managing instruments (insurance, future markets, credits, storage) should be facilitated by the public authority. This article looks over different issues concerning, first the evaluation of agricultural market risks and their economic impacts, second the strengths and weaknesses of private risk managing instruments, and third the need for, and possible forms of, a public intervention to stabilize agricultural incomes. The conclusion underlines the unsolved issues, which will have to be dealt within order to determine whether a public intervention is optimal or not.
{"title":"Faut-il une intervention publique pour stabiliser les marchés agricoles ? Revue des questions non résolues","authors":"Fabienne Femenia, Alexandre Gohin","doi":"10.3406/reae.2010.1996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/reae.2010.1996","url":null,"abstract":"[paper in French] The stabilization of agricultural markets and incomes is, with the support of farm income, one of the initial objectives of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). These two objectives have long been reached simultaneously thanks to price support mechanisms. However, the successive CAP reforms have progressively replaced these instruments by a system of payments more and more decoupled from production and prices. The evolution of the CAP thus questions its price stabilizing aspect, and one can wonder whether new risk managing instruments (insurance, future markets, credits, storage) should be facilitated by the public authority. This article looks over different issues concerning, first the evaluation of agricultural market risks and their economic impacts, second the strengths and weaknesses of private risk managing instruments, and third the need for, and possible forms of, a public intervention to stabilize agricultural incomes. The conclusion underlines the unsolved issues, which will have to be dealt within order to determine whether a public intervention is optimal or not.","PeriodicalId":170092,"journal":{"name":"Revue d’études en Agriculture et Environnement","volume":"44 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130706097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
[paper in French] How to make people lose weight? Based on an ethnographic study of a commercial weight-loss group, this article analyses how such an organization rely on specific modes of surveillance aimed at controlling the participants’ attitudes and behaviours. The article enlightens different agencies of this social control, such as group leaders, peer pressure, or domestic partners. It insists on the role played by writing and written materials as key tools in this body discipline.
{"title":"Surveiller et maigrir. Sociologie des modes de contrainte dans un groupe commercial d’amaigrissement","authors":"M. Darmon","doi":"10.3406/reae.2010.1923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/reae.2010.1923","url":null,"abstract":"[paper in French] How to make people lose weight? Based on an ethnographic study of a commercial weight-loss group, this article analyses how such an organization rely on specific modes of surveillance aimed at controlling the participants’ attitudes and behaviours. The article enlightens different agencies of this social control, such as group leaders, peer pressure, or domestic partners. It insists on the role played by writing and written materials as key tools in this body discipline.","PeriodicalId":170092,"journal":{"name":"Revue d’études en Agriculture et Environnement","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114508637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction. Famille, travail, école et agriculture. Introduction générale","authors":"C. Bessière, C. Giraud, Nicolas Renahy","doi":"10.3406/reae.2008.1945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/reae.2008.1945","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":170092,"journal":{"name":"Revue d’études en Agriculture et Environnement","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117122858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
[paper in French] The purpose of this article is to study the ways people understand the food advice from the French National Nutrition Health Program. It aims at highlighting the various conceptions of dietetic, and the related norms, from one social class to another. Analysis of the categories that the individuals are using to interpret health education (“not too fat, too sweetened, too salted”, etc.) emphasizes the structures and the framework of food. The study is based on the analysis of food messages towards children. It finds out how parents (from four socially distinct elementary schools) deal with those messages. This article presents two main results: the ratio weight/health/dietetic, and the comprehension of health education’s advice.
{"title":"Les cultures somatiques : usages du corps et diététique","authors":"Thomas Depecker","doi":"10.3406/reae.2010.1921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/reae.2010.1921","url":null,"abstract":"[paper in French] The purpose of this article is to study the ways people understand the food advice from the French National Nutrition Health Program. It aims at highlighting the various conceptions of dietetic, and the related norms, from one social class to another. Analysis of the categories that the individuals are using to interpret health education (“not too fat, too sweetened, too salted”, etc.) emphasizes the structures and the framework of food. The study is based on the analysis of food messages towards children. It finds out how parents (from four socially distinct elementary schools) deal with those messages. This article presents two main results: the ratio weight/health/dietetic, and the comprehension of health education’s advice.","PeriodicalId":170092,"journal":{"name":"Revue d’études en Agriculture et Environnement","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122970906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
[paper in French] How to evaluate the relevance of the French rural policy? When the question is to what extent the objectives of the policy are reached owing to public interventions, the method is relatively well known. However, when the question is to what extent these objectives are relevant, an important problem is faced: the referential of this evaluation is indefinite. In this article, we propose to define this referential on the basis of moral and political philosophy: The objectives are relevant if they are derived from a conception of justice that is itself relevant. From this viewpoint, the relevance of the current orientations of the rural policy is dubious, since they rest on weak and questionable philosophical foundations. Beyond this analysis, we want to stress on the importance for the State to adopt a clear conception of justice, so as to firmly found its action.
{"title":"La pertinence de la politique rurale à l’aune des théories de la justice","authors":"Yves Schaeffer, F. Aubert","doi":"10.3406/reae.2010.1939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/reae.2010.1939","url":null,"abstract":"[paper in French] How to evaluate the relevance of the French rural policy? When the question is to what extent the objectives of the policy are reached owing to public interventions, the method is relatively well known. However, when the question is to what extent these objectives are relevant, an important problem is faced: the referential of this evaluation is indefinite. In this article, we propose to define this referential on the basis of moral and political philosophy: The objectives are relevant if they are derived from a conception of justice that is itself relevant. From this viewpoint, the relevance of the current orientations of the rural policy is dubious, since they rest on weak and questionable philosophical foundations. Beyond this analysis, we want to stress on the importance for the State to adopt a clear conception of justice, so as to firmly found its action.","PeriodicalId":170092,"journal":{"name":"Revue d’études en Agriculture et Environnement","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127100287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"L’ethnicisation des luttes pour le pouvoir local en Bolivie. La conquête du monde rural dans le Nord Potosí","authors":"C. Le Gouill","doi":"10.3406/reae.2011.1867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/reae.2011.1867","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":170092,"journal":{"name":"Revue d’études en Agriculture et Environnement","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125168384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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