Pub Date : 2017-07-24DOI: 10.18311/JSST/2017/11022
P. Kouakou, P. Yoboué, B. Ouattara, V. Hody, P. Choquet, M. Belmahi
Amorphous silicon carbon nitride films were deposited on silicon and WC-Co substrates by magnetron reactive sputtering in Ar/N 2 gas mixture with carbon and silicon targets. The influence of experimental parameters on the films morphological, structural and mechanical properties was studied. The general morphology of the film is observed by SEM and TEM. EDXS and FTIR were used to determine the film chemical composition and the nature of chemical bonding. It was observed that C≡N bonds and nitrogen percentage in the film are promoted when the substrate is biased. The role of an underlayer and the influence of its nature on the film adhesion on WC/Co substrates were also studied. In this case, nanoscratch tests showed that a SiNx thin film could be an appropriate underlayer.
{"title":"Silicon Carbon Nitride Thin Films Produced by Magnetron Reactive Sputtering Physical Vapour Deposition:Structural, Chemical and Mechanical Characterisation","authors":"P. Kouakou, P. Yoboué, B. Ouattara, V. Hody, P. Choquet, M. Belmahi","doi":"10.18311/JSST/2017/11022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JSST/2017/11022","url":null,"abstract":"Amorphous silicon carbon nitride films were deposited on silicon and WC-Co substrates by magnetron reactive sputtering in Ar/N 2 gas mixture with carbon and silicon targets. The influence of experimental parameters on the films morphological, structural and mechanical properties was studied. The general morphology of the film is observed by SEM and TEM. EDXS and FTIR were used to determine the film chemical composition and the nature of chemical bonding. It was observed that C≡N bonds and nitrogen percentage in the film are promoted when the substrate is biased. The role of an underlayer and the influence of its nature on the film adhesion on WC/Co substrates were also studied. In this case, nanoscratch tests showed that a SiNx thin film could be an appropriate underlayer.","PeriodicalId":17031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Science and Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"44-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67530325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Studies of Nutritional and Phytochemical Profiles of Fermented Sourdough","authors":"D. Ghosh","doi":"10.18311/JSST/2017/8543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JSST/2017/8543","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Science and Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48805773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-24DOI: 10.18311/JSST/2017/16392
Surajit Bag, A. Bardhan, D. Bera, A. Mitra, Dipankar Halder
Dyes are extensively used in textile, tannery, food, paper and pulp, printing industries to color their products. About 10-15% of the annual global production (2,80,000 tons) of dyes are discharged as effluent mainly by textile and paint industries. The majority of the dyes are toxic and cause damage to aquatic life. In this study biosorption of Malachite Green (MG) onto the lyophilised Aspergillus versicolor Biomass (AVB) was investigated with variation in pH, temperature, contact time, biosorbent concentration and dye concentration. Characterization of the dye-biosorbent interaction was studied by scanning electron microscopy. It was observed from the present study that the biosorption of Malachite green was maximum at pH 5.0, temperature of 30°C, and adsorbent concentration of 2g/L. The rate of adsorption was found to be very fast at the initial phase and the equilibrium reached within 270 min following the pseudo-second order rate kinetics. The adsorption process followed Freundlich Isotherm model. The treated and untreated AVB was characterized for the investigation of possible dye-biosorbent interaction and surface morphology by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) respectively. The results show that the present study may help designing a promising route towards bioremediation of the hazardous chemical MG.
{"title":"Study of Adsorption of Malachite Green on Dried Aspergillus versicolor (MTCC280) Biomass","authors":"Surajit Bag, A. Bardhan, D. Bera, A. Mitra, Dipankar Halder","doi":"10.18311/JSST/2017/16392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JSST/2017/16392","url":null,"abstract":"Dyes are extensively used in textile, tannery, food, paper and pulp, printing industries to color their products. About 10-15% of the annual global production (2,80,000 tons) of dyes are discharged as effluent mainly by textile and paint industries. The majority of the dyes are toxic and cause damage to aquatic life. In this study biosorption of Malachite Green (MG) onto the lyophilised Aspergillus versicolor Biomass (AVB) was investigated with variation in pH, temperature, contact time, biosorbent concentration and dye concentration. Characterization of the dye-biosorbent interaction was studied by scanning electron microscopy. It was observed from the present study that the biosorption of Malachite green was maximum at pH 5.0, temperature of 30°C, and adsorbent concentration of 2g/L. The rate of adsorption was found to be very fast at the initial phase and the equilibrium reached within 270 min following the pseudo-second order rate kinetics. The adsorption process followed Freundlich Isotherm model. The treated and untreated AVB was characterized for the investigation of possible dye-biosorbent interaction and surface morphology by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) respectively. The results show that the present study may help designing a promising route towards bioremediation of the hazardous chemical MG.","PeriodicalId":17031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Science and Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"70-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46053882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present investigation comprised of experimental study of conventional milling of AISI D3 Steel and Tin coated inserts by using cryogenic CO 2 as a coolant. The main objective of the analysis was to use the Taguchi technique to detect the impact of dynamic parameter viz. Cutting speed, feed, depth of the cut on the roughness of the work piece material. The goal was to comparatively study under dry and wet conditions and observe the effect of cryogenic CO 2 as a coolant with CVD TiN coated as a insert tool. Finally cutting temperature, roughness, Material Removal Rate (MRR) and tool wear were measured. Finally SEM observation was made to analyze the tool wear and the data was complied into MINITAB-17 for Taguchi analysis. Mainly surface roughness and MRR were investigated employing Taguchi design.
{"title":"Evaluation of Cryogenic CO 2 as a Coolant and Optimization of Surface Roughness in Conventional Milling of HCHCR (AISI D3) Die Steel and CVD TiN Coated Insert Using Taguchi Technique","authors":"V. Balaji, S. Ravi, P. Chandran","doi":"10.18311/jsst/2017/8552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/jsst/2017/8552","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation comprised of experimental study of conventional milling of AISI D3 Steel and Tin coated inserts by using cryogenic CO 2 as a coolant. The main objective of the analysis was to use the Taguchi technique to detect the impact of dynamic parameter viz. Cutting speed, feed, depth of the cut on the roughness of the work piece material. The goal was to comparatively study under dry and wet conditions and observe the effect of cryogenic CO 2 as a coolant with CVD TiN coated as a insert tool. Finally cutting temperature, roughness, Material Removal Rate (MRR) and tool wear were measured. Finally SEM observation was made to analyze the tool wear and the data was complied into MINITAB-17 for Taguchi analysis. Mainly surface roughness and MRR were investigated employing Taguchi design.","PeriodicalId":17031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Science and Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"34-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45873096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quinones and quinoles, the pervasive components of living organism, perform different biochemical and physiological activities. These compounds have found their widespread applications as life saving drugs in cancer chemotherapy, antioxidant, anti bacterial and antifungal agents. These contribute as components of biological electron transfer chains located indifferent body parts. Electrochemical redox behavior of catechol using cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry at the surface of l-glutamic acid modified carbon paste sensor was observed quite sensitive. There was a remarkable increase in the magnitude of both peak currents of catechol at the surface of modified electrode as compared to that of bare carbon paste electrode. Optimizations of working parameters for both techniques have been performed to perk up the working efficiency during experimentation. The electrochemical process occurs under both the diffusion and adsorption controlled conditions. The kinetic parameters such as heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant for electrode process (K h ), diffusion coefficient (D), standard rate constant of surface reaction (k°), electron transfer coefficient (α) and the average surface concentrations of electro-active species (χ 1 &χ 2 ) at the electro-chemical barriers catechol/o-quinone radical and o-quinone radical/o-quinone were calculated. The calculated value of K h lie in close vicinity to limiting value of a complete irreversible process and in far range of quasi-reversible process. In the higher range of applied scan rates at lower potentials of the used potential window, the forward scan revealed the formation of well stable reaction intermediate, at relatively slower rate. This is the rate determining step of the oxidation process but in case of reduction pulse of the same scan rate, there is no indication of any reduction intermediate moieties. The chemical process during electrochemical oxidation of catechol follows pseudo first order kinetics. Furthermore, a two step oxidation, Electronic-Chemical-Electronic-Chemical reactions (ECEC) mechanism has been proposed and single step reduction has been observed for the coupled redox process at the sensor/analyte interface.
{"title":"A Study on Voltametric Electro-kinetic Mechanism of Catechol at l-glutamic Acid-Carbon Paste Sensor","authors":"Tadesse Abrha, R. Pal, R. Saini","doi":"10.18311/JSST/2017/6187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JSST/2017/6187","url":null,"abstract":"Quinones and quinoles, the pervasive components of living organism, perform different biochemical and physiological activities. These compounds have found their widespread applications as life saving drugs in cancer chemotherapy, antioxidant, anti bacterial and antifungal agents. These contribute as components of biological electron transfer chains located indifferent body parts. Electrochemical redox behavior of catechol using cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry at the surface of l-glutamic acid modified carbon paste sensor was observed quite sensitive. There was a remarkable increase in the magnitude of both peak currents of catechol at the surface of modified electrode as compared to that of bare carbon paste electrode. Optimizations of working parameters for both techniques have been performed to perk up the working efficiency during experimentation. The electrochemical process occurs under both the diffusion and adsorption controlled conditions. The kinetic parameters such as heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant for electrode process (K h ), diffusion coefficient (D), standard rate constant of surface reaction (k°), electron transfer coefficient (α) and the average surface concentrations of electro-active species (χ 1 &χ 2 ) at the electro-chemical barriers catechol/o-quinone radical and o-quinone radical/o-quinone were calculated. The calculated value of K h lie in close vicinity to limiting value of a complete irreversible process and in far range of quasi-reversible process. In the higher range of applied scan rates at lower potentials of the used potential window, the forward scan revealed the formation of well stable reaction intermediate, at relatively slower rate. This is the rate determining step of the oxidation process but in case of reduction pulse of the same scan rate, there is no indication of any reduction intermediate moieties. The chemical process during electrochemical oxidation of catechol follows pseudo first order kinetics. Furthermore, a two step oxidation, Electronic-Chemical-Electronic-Chemical reactions (ECEC) mechanism has been proposed and single step reduction has been observed for the coupled redox process at the sensor/analyte interface.","PeriodicalId":17031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Science and Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46244855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-24DOI: 10.18311/JSST/2017/15575
Suchitra Chaudhary, Rakesh K. Tak, R. K. Duchaniya
{"title":"Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in 0.5N H 2 SO 4 Solution by Tribulus terrestris (fruit) Extract","authors":"Suchitra Chaudhary, Rakesh K. Tak, R. K. Duchaniya","doi":"10.18311/JSST/2017/15575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JSST/2017/15575","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Science and Technology","volume":"33 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45567188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. R. Chauhan, Manpinder Singh, J. Bajpai, K. Misra, Amit K. Agarwal
An improved chemical conversion coating process for blackening of a specific type of stainless steel has been developed. In this process a new optimized bath compositions and operating procedures were set-up by using different trial & error methods to get the desired coating. The technique is also developed for the simplicity, and economical aspect than other techniques. Characterization of coating is done in terms of morphology, optical, hardness by using SEM, Spectrophotometer, and Indentation Hardness methods. Sea-water and temperature variations effects on the coated surface are also studied.
{"title":"Development of Chemical Conversion Coating for Blackening of a Grade of Stainless Steel Useful for Fabrication of Optical Devices","authors":"L. R. Chauhan, Manpinder Singh, J. Bajpai, K. Misra, Amit K. Agarwal","doi":"10.18311/JSST/2016/8548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JSST/2016/8548","url":null,"abstract":"An improved chemical conversion coating process for blackening of a specific type of stainless steel has been developed. In this process a new optimized bath compositions and operating procedures were set-up by using different trial & error methods to get the desired coating. The technique is also developed for the simplicity, and economical aspect than other techniques. Characterization of coating is done in terms of morphology, optical, hardness by using SEM, Spectrophotometer, and Indentation Hardness methods. Sea-water and temperature variations effects on the coated surface are also studied.","PeriodicalId":17031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Science and Technology","volume":"32 1","pages":"99-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41367619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-05DOI: 10.18311/JSST/2016/14746
Soumen Ghosh, Arpan Mal, T. Chakraborty, G. C. De, D. Marangoni
The interactions between the cationic surfactant Dodecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (DTAB) and anionic polymer sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) in aqueous medium were studied at 300K over different concentrations of Na-CMC by tensiometry, conductometry, viscometry, turbidimetry and fluorimetry. Aggregation of surfactant was attained in two steps, the first being the monomeric adsorption of surfactants on anionic sites of the polymer saturating at lower concentrations of surfactant and the second one being the formation of micelles by surfactants at higher concentrations. Mainly, two types of interactions prevailed throughout namely, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Due to the variation of the interactions depending on the concentrations of polymer, there has been considerable differences in the behavioural pattern of the profiles for the lower concentrations of polymer compared to that of the upper ones.
{"title":"Interaction of a Cationic Surfactant with an Oppositely Charged Polymer","authors":"Soumen Ghosh, Arpan Mal, T. Chakraborty, G. C. De, D. Marangoni","doi":"10.18311/JSST/2016/14746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JSST/2016/14746","url":null,"abstract":"The interactions between the cationic surfactant Dodecyltrimethylammonium Bromide (DTAB) and anionic polymer sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) in aqueous medium were studied at 300K over different concentrations of Na-CMC by tensiometry, conductometry, viscometry, turbidimetry and fluorimetry. Aggregation of surfactant was attained in two steps, the first being the monomeric adsorption of surfactants on anionic sites of the polymer saturating at lower concentrations of surfactant and the second one being the formation of micelles by surfactants at higher concentrations. Mainly, two types of interactions prevailed throughout namely, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Due to the variation of the interactions depending on the concentrations of polymer, there has been considerable differences in the behavioural pattern of the profiles for the lower concentrations of polymer compared to that of the upper ones.","PeriodicalId":17031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Science and Technology","volume":"32 1","pages":"107-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49051351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evaporation of droplets is an interesting problem which has aroused a keen interest in the scientific community. The behavior of a drying droplet on solid substrates produces everyday phenomena like the coffee stain effect, deposition of lime scales on walls etc. It is also very important in many scientific and industrial procedures. Among several varieties of systems, a droplet of colloidal gel containing an inorganic salt presents a very interesting class. In this work we study a rich variety of self-assembled patterns generated by the evaporation of a droplet of colloidal copper sulphate (CuSO 4 .5H 2 O) solution, having different concentrations, on a glass surface. Our results show that the patterns are dendritic in nature having multiple branches. A simple aqueous solution of copper sulphate does not produce the same morphology. The pattern formation process may be controlled by several parameters such as the particle size, structure of the crystalline salt, droplet size, ambient temperature and humidity.
{"title":"Pattern Formation in Drying Drops of Colloidal Copper Sulphate Solution on Glass Surface","authors":"S. Bhattacharyya, B. Roy, M. D. Choudhury","doi":"10.18311/JSST/2016/7752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JSST/2016/7752","url":null,"abstract":"Evaporation of droplets is an interesting problem which has aroused a keen interest in the scientific community. The behavior of a drying droplet on solid substrates produces everyday phenomena like the coffee stain effect, deposition of lime scales on walls etc. It is also very important in many scientific and industrial procedures. Among several varieties of systems, a droplet of colloidal gel containing an inorganic salt presents a very interesting class. In this work we study a rich variety of self-assembled patterns generated by the evaporation of a droplet of colloidal copper sulphate (CuSO 4 .5H 2 O) solution, having different concentrations, on a glass surface. Our results show that the patterns are dendritic in nature having multiple branches. A simple aqueous solution of copper sulphate does not produce the same morphology. The pattern formation process may be controlled by several parameters such as the particle size, structure of the crystalline salt, droplet size, ambient temperature and humidity.","PeriodicalId":17031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Science and Technology","volume":"32 1","pages":"79-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42088572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper four new emulsions were prepared by mixing 0.5% tween 85 and 0.5% span 80 with diesel fuel using 10% aqueous metal salt solution with concentration of 0.4 mol/dm 3 . The performance and emission tests were carried out by using these fuels in single cylinder water cooled diesel engine. The results were compared with that of diesel and comparison graphs were plotted to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of using the new emulsions over diesel. This report analyze on the effect of new emulsion fuels combustion on brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, oxides of nitrogen and hydrocarbon emissions. The emulsions used for analysis achieved reasonable reductions in the NOx emission from diesel engines without requiring any retrofitting of the engines and also there was no notable increase in emission of other pollutants.
{"title":"Reduction of Nitrous Oxide in Diesel Engine using Metal Salt Macro-Emulsion","authors":"S. Sendilvelan, K. Bhaskar","doi":"10.18311/JSST/2016/7681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18311/JSST/2016/7681","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper four new emulsions were prepared by mixing 0.5% tween 85 and 0.5% span 80 with diesel fuel using 10% aqueous metal salt solution with concentration of 0.4 mol/dm 3 . The performance and emission tests were carried out by using these fuels in single cylinder water cooled diesel engine. The results were compared with that of diesel and comparison graphs were plotted to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of using the new emulsions over diesel. This report analyze on the effect of new emulsion fuels combustion on brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, oxides of nitrogen and hydrocarbon emissions. The emulsions used for analysis achieved reasonable reductions in the NOx emission from diesel engines without requiring any retrofitting of the engines and also there was no notable increase in emission of other pollutants.","PeriodicalId":17031,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Science and Technology","volume":"32 1","pages":"69-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49157332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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