Sarfraz Ahmad Khan, F. Kamal, Rozina Arshad, Bilal Bin Younis, RA Ahmed
Diabetes is becoming a global epidemic. Type1 diabetes (T1DM) accounts for 3-5% of all the diabetics. As T1DMis diagnosed in childhood and adolescence, it is associated with more complications because of longer life span ofindividuals with this condition. The main objective of the study was to find out attitudes of people with type 1diabetes especially with regards to their follow up. A cross-sectional study was planned and a total of 97 people withtype 1 diabetes were included for a period of one year. To analyze the data SPSS 20.0 version was used. Resultsshowed that out of 97 people, 48 (49.5%) were male and 49 (50.5%) were female. The mean age of total type 1diabetics were 17.03±6.54 years. Mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was 10.59±3.09. The results revealed that45% of people showed positive attitude and 55% showed negative behavior towards follow-up. It was concludedthat overall follow up of people with type 1 diabetes was poor. It was observed that they wanted a complete cure andthis contribute to missed follow up.
{"title":"Response of People with Type 1 Diabetes for Follow Up","authors":"Sarfraz Ahmad Khan, F. Kamal, Rozina Arshad, Bilal Bin Younis, RA Ahmed","doi":"10.53685/jshmdc.v1i1.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53685/jshmdc.v1i1.38","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is becoming a global epidemic. Type1 diabetes (T1DM) accounts for 3-5% of all the diabetics. As T1DMis diagnosed in childhood and adolescence, it is associated with more complications because of longer life span ofindividuals with this condition. The main objective of the study was to find out attitudes of people with type 1diabetes especially with regards to their follow up. A cross-sectional study was planned and a total of 97 people withtype 1 diabetes were included for a period of one year. To analyze the data SPSS 20.0 version was used. Resultsshowed that out of 97 people, 48 (49.5%) were male and 49 (50.5%) were female. The mean age of total type 1diabetics were 17.03±6.54 years. Mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was 10.59±3.09. The results revealed that45% of people showed positive attitude and 55% showed negative behavior towards follow-up. It was concludedthat overall follow up of people with type 1 diabetes was poor. It was observed that they wanted a complete cure andthis contribute to missed follow up.","PeriodicalId":17050,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shalamar Medical & Dental College - JSHMDC","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81563487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tsunami of Diabetes in Pakistan","authors":"Fauzia Moyeen","doi":"10.53685/jshmdc.v1i1.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53685/jshmdc.v1i1.41","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17050,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shalamar Medical & Dental College - JSHMDC","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85128482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Good Doctor","authors":"S. Saleem","doi":"10.53685/jshmdc.v1i1.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53685/jshmdc.v1i1.40","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17050,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shalamar Medical & Dental College - JSHMDC","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73861851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The disclosure of positive HIV status to a patient is not an easy task. In the developed world with established protocols for doing this, it becomes relatively simpler to present the results to the patient. In underdeveloped countries like Pakistan, it is not easy for the laboratory personnel in particular to convey such results to the patient. Case Presentation: The problem has been discussed in the light of two cases presenting to Shalamar Teaching Hospital. The first case is an example of “Provider referral” and the second one the “Self-referral”. At the end, recommendations are made to effectively handle the situation in an underdeveloped setup like Pakistan. Discussion: Complete knowledge of the disease is an essential requirement for anybody from the pathology department contemplating this responsibility. In addition, all communications should be in the local language and the counselor must be able to address all the questions/concerns raised by the patients and/or their families. The counselor learns the skill more through supervised training rather than a taught course. Conclusion: This responsibility should be accepted only if the laboratory staff has no other option.
{"title":"Disclosure of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Serostatus to the Patient; Issues for Laboratory Staff","authors":"M. Tarar, T. Naeem, M. Naeem","doi":"10.53685/jshmdc.v1i1.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53685/jshmdc.v1i1.54","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The disclosure of positive HIV status to a patient is not an easy task. In the developed world with established protocols for doing this, it becomes relatively simpler to present the results to the patient. In underdeveloped countries like Pakistan, it is not easy for the laboratory personnel in particular to convey such results to the patient. \u0000Case Presentation: The problem has been discussed in the light of two cases presenting to Shalamar Teaching Hospital. The first case is an example of “Provider referral” and the second one the “Self-referral”. At the end, recommendations are made to effectively handle the situation in an underdeveloped setup like Pakistan.\u0000Discussion: Complete knowledge of the disease is an essential requirement for anybody from the pathology department contemplating this responsibility. In addition, all communications should be in the local language and the counselor must be able to address all the questions/concerns raised by the patients and/or their families. The counselor learns the skill more through supervised training rather than a taught course. \u0000Conclusion: This responsibility should be accepted only if the laboratory staff has no other option.","PeriodicalId":17050,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shalamar Medical & Dental College - JSHMDC","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77006100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Impaired cardiovascular and respiratory functions are associated with increased mortality andmorbidity. Exploration of the relation between physical activity and cardiovascular and respiratory functions canhelp in understanding the mechanisms of how physical activity improves a person’s quality of life. Objectives: To investigate the post exercise cardio-respiratory response of normal healthy adults and to determine ifthere are gender differences in the post exercise cardio-respiratory response. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1st and 2nd year MBBS students of Shalamar Medical andDental College in the department of Physiology. Measurement of Pulmonary functions and recording of ECG wasdone by using Power LAB before and after exercise. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS version 21, student t-testwas applied and p- value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The respiratory rate, respiratory minute volume and tidal volume increased while oxygen saturationdecreased significantly after exercise. Heart rate increased significantly in post exercise period. The pre exercisesystolic and diastolic blood pressure increased significantly after exercise. There was a significant post exerciseincrement in diastolic pressure in males than in females. QT was significantly decreased in post-exercise period infemale subjects. Conclusion: The respiratory parameters changed significantly after exercise. Heart rate and blood pressureincreased significantly both in male and female subjects. QT interval decreased significantly only in females;however, changes in PR interval and QRS complex were not significant.
{"title":"The Short Term Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Responses to Exercise in Young Adults","authors":"Ambreen Khalid, A. Shahid, Farhat Aitazaz","doi":"10.53685/jshmdc.v1i1.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53685/jshmdc.v1i1.46","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Impaired cardiovascular and respiratory functions are associated with increased mortality andmorbidity. Exploration of the relation between physical activity and cardiovascular and respiratory functions canhelp in understanding the mechanisms of how physical activity improves a person’s quality of life. Objectives: To investigate the post exercise cardio-respiratory response of normal healthy adults and to determine ifthere are gender differences in the post exercise cardio-respiratory response. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1st and 2nd year MBBS students of Shalamar Medical andDental College in the department of Physiology. Measurement of Pulmonary functions and recording of ECG wasdone by using Power LAB before and after exercise. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS version 21, student t-testwas applied and p- value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The respiratory rate, respiratory minute volume and tidal volume increased while oxygen saturationdecreased significantly after exercise. Heart rate increased significantly in post exercise period. The pre exercisesystolic and diastolic blood pressure increased significantly after exercise. There was a significant post exerciseincrement in diastolic pressure in males than in females. QT was significantly decreased in post-exercise period infemale subjects. Conclusion: The respiratory parameters changed significantly after exercise. Heart rate and blood pressureincreased significantly both in male and female subjects. QT interval decreased significantly only in females;however, changes in PR interval and QRS complex were not significant.","PeriodicalId":17050,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shalamar Medical & Dental College - JSHMDC","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87314581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Health Care in Pakistan","authors":"Bilal Bin Younis","doi":"10.53685/jshmdc.v1i1.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53685/jshmdc.v1i1.30","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17050,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shalamar Medical & Dental College - JSHMDC","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80167206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Use of contraceptives in developing countries is very low, particularly in Pakistan it is 34%. Objective: To study trends of contraceptive use among married females of reproductive age group in a rural area ofPakistan and to identify possible risk factors influencing the use of contraceptives among the sample population. Methods: It was a descriptive cross sectional study. A total of 213 married females of reproductive age wereincluded in the study and multistage cluster sampling technique was applied. Study variables included sociodemographic variables along with knowledge and practice of respondents regarding the use of contraceptives. Datacollection instrument was a self-developed questionnaire and data was collected from 220 females. Results: Mean age was 29.6±6.19 and only 38% were using contraceptive method and 62% were not using anycontraceptive method. Among the respondents 40% were counseled for Family Planning (FP) by some source.Highly significant association was found between contraceptive use and duration of marriage, decision making,family type, desired number of children, counseling for FP, in favor of FP, and number of children alive. Probableinfluencing predictors were found to be decision making of females, type of family, desired number of children,counseling for FP, and in favor of FP. Conclusion: FP counseling needs to be enhanced on war footing at all levels with due cooperation of communityparticipation.
{"title":"Trends of Using Contraceptive Methods among Married Females of Reproductive Age Group in Village Mangokivirkan, District Gujranwala, Pakistan","authors":"Saadia Shahzad, Anjum Maqsood","doi":"10.53685/jshmdc.v1i1.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53685/jshmdc.v1i1.48","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Use of contraceptives in developing countries is very low, particularly in Pakistan it is 34%.\u0000Objective: To study trends of contraceptive use among married females of reproductive age group in a rural area ofPakistan and to identify possible risk factors influencing the use of contraceptives among the sample population.\u0000Methods: It was a descriptive cross sectional study. A total of 213 married females of reproductive age wereincluded in the study and multistage cluster sampling technique was applied. Study variables included sociodemographic variables along with knowledge and practice of respondents regarding the use of contraceptives. Datacollection instrument was a self-developed questionnaire and data was collected from 220 females.\u0000Results: Mean age was 29.6±6.19 and only 38% were using contraceptive method and 62% were not using anycontraceptive method. Among the respondents 40% were counseled for Family Planning (FP) by some source.Highly significant association was found between contraceptive use and duration of marriage, decision making,family type, desired number of children, counseling for FP, in favor of FP, and number of children alive. Probableinfluencing predictors were found to be decision making of females, type of family, desired number of children,counseling for FP, and in favor of FP.\u0000Conclusion: FP counseling needs to be enhanced on war footing at all levels with due cooperation of communityparticipation.","PeriodicalId":17050,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shalamar Medical & Dental College - JSHMDC","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75442242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A.S.A.Bhatti, Aliya Shabbir, Abdul Waheed Shehzad, M.A.Bhatti
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome that adversely affects all parts of the body especially the cardiovascular system. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a multifunctional protein and its inhibition has diverse effects. DPP-4 inhibition was shown to improve the survival rate after myocardial infarction in mice. Beneficial myocardial metabolic effects of DPP-4 inhibitors have been observed in experimental models. Cardiovascular outcome trials of DPP-4 inhibitors show variable adverse cardiovascular events. Objective: This experimental study was aimed to study the direct cardiovascular effects of DPP-4 Inhibitors on chronotropicity (Heart Rate, HR), inotropicity (Apical Force and; dP/dt(max), ECG and Coronary Flow(C.F) and detect its potential useful and harmful effects on cardiovascular parameters. Methods: The effects of graded doses (10-9 - 10-6M) of Sitagliptin (S) and Vildagliptin(V) were observed on retrograde perfused isolated rabbit hearts with warm Krebs-Henseliet solution on Radnoti working heart system. Fifty four(54) rabbits were grouped into nine groups i.e ; I(S1), II(S2), III(S3), IV(S4), V(S5), VI(S6), VII(V1), and VIII(V2) and IX(V3) each comprising of six animals(n=6).Effects of experimental drugs were observed on chronotropicity(HR), inotropicity (Apical Force and Peak rate of rise of LVP i.e; dP/dt(max) and Coronary flow(CF). The results were statistically analyzed with Graph Pad Grism and wherever necessary paired or unpaired “t” test was applied. Conclusion: Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin both have suppressant effects on HR. Sitagliptin has positive and Vildagliptin had negative inotropic effects. Both drugs (10-8 - 10-6M); decrease coronary flow but have no significant effect on ECG.
背景:糖尿病是一种代谢综合征，对身体各部分尤其是心血管系统都有不良影响。二肽基肽酶-4 (DPP-4)是一种多功能蛋白，其抑制作用多种多样。抑制DPP-4可提高小鼠心肌梗死后的存活率。在实验模型中观察到DPP-4抑制剂有益的心肌代谢作用。DPP-4抑制剂的心血管结局试验显示不同的不良心血管事件。目的:本实验旨在研究DPP-4抑制剂对大鼠慢性(心率，HR)、肌力(心尖力和心肌力)的直接心血管效应;dP/dt(max)、ECG和冠状动脉血流(C.F)，并检测其对心血管参数的潜在有益和有害影响。方法:观察西格列汀(10-9 ~ 10-6M)和维格列汀(10-6M)梯度剂量(10-9 ~ 10-6M)对兔离体心脏逆行灌注加温Krebs-Henseliet溶液对radnoi工作心脏系统的影响。54只家兔分为9组:I(S1)、II(S2)、III(S3)、IV(S4)、V(S5)、VI(S6)、VII(V1)、VIII(V2)和IX(V3)各由6只动物组成(n=6)。观察实验药物对大鼠慢性(HR)、肌力(顶力)和LVP(峰值上升率)的影响;dP/dt(max)和冠状动脉血流(CF)。使用Graph Pad Grism对结果进行统计分析，必要时采用配对或非配对“t”检验。结论:西格列汀和维格列汀对HR均有抑制作用。西格列汀有正性肌力作用，维格列汀有负性肌力作用。两种药物(10-8 - 10-6M);降低冠状动脉血流，但对心电图无明显影响。
{"title":"Non Incretin Effects of DPP-4 Inhibitors: Comparative Study","authors":"A.S.A.Bhatti, Aliya Shabbir, Abdul Waheed Shehzad, M.A.Bhatti","doi":"10.53685/jshmdc.v1i1.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53685/jshmdc.v1i1.34","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome that adversely affects all parts of the body especially the cardiovascular system. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a multifunctional protein and its inhibition has diverse effects. DPP-4 inhibition was shown to improve the survival rate after myocardial infarction in mice. Beneficial myocardial metabolic effects of DPP-4 inhibitors have been observed in experimental models. Cardiovascular outcome trials of DPP-4 inhibitors show variable adverse cardiovascular events. \u0000Objective: This experimental study was aimed to study the direct cardiovascular effects of DPP-4 Inhibitors on chronotropicity (Heart Rate, HR), inotropicity (Apical Force and; dP/dt(max), ECG and Coronary Flow(C.F) and detect its potential useful and harmful effects on cardiovascular parameters. \u0000Methods: The effects of graded doses (10-9 - 10-6M) of Sitagliptin (S) and Vildagliptin(V) were observed on retrograde perfused isolated rabbit hearts with warm Krebs-Henseliet solution on Radnoti working heart system. Fifty four(54) rabbits were grouped into nine groups i.e ; I(S1), II(S2), III(S3), IV(S4), V(S5), VI(S6), VII(V1), and VIII(V2) and IX(V3) each comprising of six animals(n=6).Effects of experimental drugs were observed on chronotropicity(HR), inotropicity (Apical Force and Peak rate of rise of LVP i.e; dP/dt(max) and Coronary flow(CF). The results were statistically analyzed with Graph Pad Grism and wherever necessary paired or unpaired “t” test was applied. \u0000Conclusion: Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin both have suppressant effects on HR. Sitagliptin has positive and Vildagliptin had negative inotropic effects. Both drugs (10-8 - 10-6M); decrease coronary flow but have no significant effect on ECG.","PeriodicalId":17050,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Shalamar Medical & Dental College - JSHMDC","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75649662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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