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Application of a wavelet neural network approach to detect stator winding short circuits in asynchronous machines 小波神经网络在异步电机定子绕组短路检测中的应用
Pub Date : 2023-04-23 DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2023.3.03
©. S. Sakhara, M. Brahimi, L. Nacib, T. M. L. Udc, S. Sakhara, T. M. Layadi, Toufik Madani Layadi Associate Professor
Introduction. Nowadays, fault diagnosis of induction machines plays an important role in industrial fields. In this paper, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model has been proposed for automatic fault diagnosis of an induction machine. The aim of this research study is to design a neural network model that allows generating a large database. This database can cover maximum possible of the stator faults. The fault considered in this study take into account a short circuit with large variations in the machine load. Moreover, the objective is to automate the diagnosis algorithm by using ANN classifier. Method. The database used for the ANN is based on indicators which are obtained from wavelet analysis of the machine stator current of one phase. The developed neural model allows to taking in consideration imbalances which are generated by short circuits in the machine stator. The implemented mathematical model in the expert system is based on a three-phase model. The mathematical parameters considered in this model are calculated online. The characteristic vector of the ANN model is formed by decomposition of stator current signal using wavelet discrete technique. Obtained results show that this technique allows to ensure more detection with clear evaluation of turn number in short circuit. Also, the developed expert system for the taken configurations is characterized by high precision.
介绍。目前,感应电机的故障诊断在工业领域中起着重要的作用。本文提出了一种用于感应电机故障自动诊断的人工神经网络模型。本研究的目的是设计一个能够生成大型数据库的神经网络模型。该数据库可以覆盖最大可能的定子故障。本研究中考虑的故障考虑了机器负载变化较大的短路。此外,目标是利用人工神经网络分类器实现诊断算法的自动化。方法。人工神经网络所使用的数据库是基于对某一相电机定子电流进行小波分析得到的指标。所开发的神经模型允许考虑由电机定子短路产生的不平衡。专家系统中所实现的数学模型是基于三相模型的。该模型所考虑的数学参数是在线计算的。利用小波离散技术对定子电流信号进行分解,形成神经网络模型的特征向量。实验结果表明,该方法可以保证在短路情况下的检测精度和匝数的清晰评估。所开发的专家系统具有精度高的特点。
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引用次数: 0
Energy management based on a fuzzy controller of a photovoltaic/fuel cell/Li-ion battery/supercapacitor for unpredictable, fluctuating, high-dynamic three-phase AC load 基于模糊控制器的光伏/燃料电池/锂离子电池/超级电容器不可预测、波动、高动态三相交流负载的能量管理
Pub Date : 2023-04-23 DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2023.3.10
Yahia Ayat, PhD Abd Essalam Badoud, Saad Mekhilef Professor, Samir Gassab Professor
Introduction. Nowadays, environmental pollution becomes an urgent issue that undoubtedly influences the health of humans and other creatures living in the world. The growth of hydrogen energy increased 97.3 % and was forecast to remain the world’s largest source of green energy. It can be seen that hydrogen is one of the essential elements in the energy structure as well as has great potential to be widely used in the 21st century. Purpose. This paper aims to propose an energy management strategy based a fuzzy logic control, which includes a hybrid renewable energy sources system dedicated to the power supply of a three-phase AC variable load (unpredictable high dynamic). Photovoltaic (PV), fuel cell (FC), Li-ion battery, and supercapacitor (SC) are the four sources that make up the renewable hybrid power system; all these sources are coupled in the DC-link bus. Unlike usual the SC was connected to the DC-link bus directly in this research work in order to ensure the dominant advantage which is a speedy response during load fast change and loads transient. Novelty. The power sources (PV/FC/Battery/SC) are coordinated based on their dynamics in order to keep the DC voltage around its reference. Among the main goals achieved by the fuzzy control strategy in this work are to reduce hydrogen consumption and increase battery lifetime. Methods. This is done by controlling the FC current and by state of charge (SOC) of the battery and SC. To verify the fuzzy control strategy, the simulation was carried out with the same system and compared with the management flowchart strategy. The results obtained confirmed that the hydrogen consumption decreased to 26.5 g and the SOC for the battery was around 62.2-65 and this proves the desired goal.
介绍。如今,环境污染成为一个紧迫的问题,毫无疑问,它影响着人类和生活在世界上的其他生物的健康。氢能增长97.3%,预计仍将是世界上最大的绿色能源。由此可见,氢是能源结构中必不可少的元素之一,在21世纪具有广泛应用的巨大潜力。目的。本文旨在提出一种基于模糊逻辑控制的能源管理策略,其中包括一个专用于三相交流可变负载(不可预测的高动态)供电的混合可再生能源系统。光伏(PV)、燃料电池(FC)、锂离子电池和超级电容器(SC)是构成可再生混合电力系统的四种来源;所有这些源都耦合在DC-link总线上。为了保证在负荷快速变化和负荷暂态时快速响应的优势,本研究中采用了直接将SC连接到DC-link母线上。新鲜事物。电源(PV/FC/Battery/SC)根据其动态进行协调,以保持直流电压在其参考电压附近。本文采用模糊控制策略实现的主要目标是降低氢消耗和延长电池寿命。方法。为了验证模糊控制策略的有效性,在同一系统中进行了仿真,并与管理流程图策略进行了比较。实验结果证实,该电池的耗氢量降至26.5 g, SOC约为62.2-65,实现了预期目标。
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引用次数: 0
Acceleration of exit to steady-state mode when modeling semiconductor converters 半导体变换器建模时出口到稳态模式的加速
Pub Date : 2023-04-23 DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2023.3.07
V. Yagup, K. Yagup
The purpose of the article is to develop a method and algorithm for the accelerated calculation of steady states of thyristor converters using computer models of converters based on the use of the theory of difference equations in the form of recurrent linear relationships for state variables on the boundaries of the converter periods. Methodology. The article is devoted to the solution of the problem of reducing the cost of computer time to achieve the steady state of the thyristor converter. For this, it is proposed to use difference equations, for which the values of the state variables at the limits of the periods of the converter's operation are taken as variables. These values are accumulated during the initial periods of the transient process of the converter, after which the coefficients of the difference equations are calculated, and the following limit values of the state variables are found using the defined difference equations. A program in the algorithmic language of the MATLAB system is presented, which implements the proposed method and algorithm compatible with the visual model of the converter. Results. The theoretical foundations of the proposed method and the area of its applicability are substantiated. Recommendations are presented for determining the number of periods of the flow process that must be calculated for further implementation of the method. An algorithm for forming matrix relations for determining the coefficients of difference equations with respect to the values of state variables at the boundaries of periods is shown. Matrix equations are given that allow calculating the parameters of the steady state. All stages of the algorithm are illustrated with numerical examples. Originality. The method rationally combines all the advantages of visual modeling based on the numerical integration of equations using the method of state variables for the periods of operation of the converter with the analytical solution of the recurrence relations obtained on this basis for the values of state variables at the boundaries of adjacent periods. Practical value. The proposed method makes it possible to reduce by several orders of magnitude the computer time spent on calculating the parameters of the steady-state mode of the converter and, at the same time, to significantly improve the accuracy of these calculations. The practical application of the method is very effective in research and design of thyristor converters of electrical energy parameters.
本文的目的是开发一种方法和算法,用于加速计算稳态的晶闸管变换器的计算机模型,基于使用差分方程理论的形式,状态变量在变换器周期边界上的递归线性关系。方法。本文致力于解决降低计算机时间成本以实现晶闸管变换器稳态的问题。为此,提出采用差分方程,将变换器运行周期极限处的状态变量值作为变量。这些值是在变流器暂态过程的初始阶段累积起来的,之后计算差分方程的系数,并使用已定义的差分方程求出状态变量的下限值。用MATLAB系统的算法语言编写了一个程序,实现了所提出的方法和算法,并与转换器的可视化模型兼容。结果。论证了该方法的理论基础及其适用范围。提出了一些建议,以确定为进一步实施该方法而必须计算的流过程的周期数。给出了一种矩阵关系的形成算法,用于确定差分方程的系数与周期边界处状态变量的值有关。给出了计算稳态参数的矩阵方程。用数值算例说明了算法的各个阶段。创意。该方法合理地结合了变流器运行周期用状态变量法对方程进行数值积分的可视化建模的所有优点,以及在此基础上得到的相邻周期边界处状态变量值递推关系的解析解。实用价值。所提出的方法使计算变换器稳态模式参数的计算机时间减少了几个数量级,同时显著提高了这些计算的精度。该方法的实际应用对电能参数晶闸管变换器的研究和设计是非常有效的。
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引用次数: 0
Energy characteristics for nanosecond current interrupter of semiconductor-magnetic pulse generator’s terminal stage 半导体磁脉冲发生器末级纳秒电流灭流器的能量特性
Pub Date : 2023-04-23 DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2023.3.09
O. Khrysto
Introduction. A semiconductor diode based on reverse current interruption is used to increase a pulse amplitude and peak power delivered on the process load. Usually, a current interrupter is located in the last stage of semiconductor-magnetic pulse generator (SMPG) and is connected in parallel to the load. Problem. Most of publications on this topic mostly concern with analysis of physical processes in the diode structure itself within its oscillating circuit, which is separated from previous SMPG’s pulse compression stages under condition of unidirectional energy transfer from the generator to the load. In this sense, the efficiency of conversion should be determined by the joint of electromagnetic interaction between non-linear compression stages, current interrupter and process load. Goal. Develop a mathematical model of nanosecond current interrupter to determine its electrical and energy characteristics as part of a high-voltage parallel circuit with magnetic pulse compression, depending on the duration and moment of current interruption, the equivalent circuit for load resistance, and to set the most optimal modes of its operation. Methodology. In this work, it is proposed to use a comprehensive approach aimed at the study of electromagnetic processes in the SMPG circuit with a nanosecond current interrupter, which takes into account the topology of circuit, the design parameters of switching reactor, the magnetization curve, the equivalent load resistance, as well as the time parameters of power switches. Results. Analytical expressions describing the electrical and energy characteristics of the interrupter when it operating on the active load are obtained. A numerical simulation of interrupter in the SMPG’s double-loop pumping circuit is carried out, taking into account a nonlinearity of SR’s magnetization curve. Three operation modes of interrupter is described, depending on the initial moment of reverse conduction current interruption. The analysis of interrupter operation on the load with an active-capacitive component is carried out. Practical meaning. The results of the research can be applied in the development of high-voltage SMPG scheme with improved energy-dynamic parameters.
介绍。基于反向电流中断的半导体二极管用于增加过程负载上传递的脉冲幅度和峰值功率。电流断流器通常位于半导体磁脉冲发生器(SMPG)的末级,与负载并联。问题。关于该主题的大多数出版物主要关注的是在其振荡电路中二极管结构本身的物理过程的分析,该电路与以前的SMPG脉冲压缩阶段在从发生器到负载的单向能量传递条件下分离。从这个意义上说,转换效率应由非线性压缩级、电流中断器和工艺负载之间的电磁相互作用共同决定。的目标。建立纳秒电流断流器的数学模型,根据电流中断的持续时间和时刻、负载电阻的等效电路,确定其作为具有磁脉冲压缩的高压并联电路的一部分的电气和能量特性,并设置其运行的最佳模式。方法。本文提出了一种综合考虑电路拓扑结构、开关电抗器设计参数、磁化曲线、等效负载电阻以及功率开关时间参数的纳秒电流灭弧SMPG电路电磁过程研究方法。结果。得到了断路器在有功负荷上工作时的电能特性的解析表达式。考虑SR磁化曲线的非线性,对SMPG双回路抽运电路中的断流进行了数值模拟。根据反导电流中断的初始时刻,描述了断流器的三种工作模式。分析了带有源容性元件的断流器对负载的影响。现实意义。研究结果可用于改进能量动态参数的高压SMPG方案的开发。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the thermal state of the electromagnetic mill inductor with oil cooling in stationary operation modes 固定式油冷电磁轧机电感器的热状态分析
Pub Date : 2023-04-23 DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2023.3.02
V. Milykh, V. Р. Shaida, O. Yurieva
Introduction. An electromagnetic mill (EMM) for the technological processing of various substances, which is based on the stator of a three-phase induction motor, is being studied. The stator winding has an increased current density, so the mill is provided with a system of forced cooling with transformer oil. Problem. Currently, there are no works on the thermal state calculation of the EMM with the given design and oil cooling. Therefore, the study of such EMMs thermal state is relevant, as it will contribute to increasing the reliability and efficiency of their work. Goal. Formation of a mathematical model of the thermal state of the electromagnetic mill inductor and the analysis of its heating in stationary modes of operation with cooling by transformer oil. Methodology. The problem of calculating the thermal state, namely the temperature distribution in the main parts of the electromagnetic mill, is solved by the equivalent thermal resistance circuit method. The design of the EMM is provided in a sufficiently complete volume, and on this basis, a corresponding equivalent thermal replacement circuit is formed, which is supplemented by an equivalent hydraulic circuit of oil passageways. An explanation is provided for the composition and solution of the equations algebraic system that describes the distribution of temperatures by the constituent elements of the EMM. Results. The thermal calculation results of the electromagnetic mill showed that the maximum heating temperature is much lower than the allowable one for the selected insulation class. According to the hydraulic scheme, the necessary oil consumption, its average speed and the corresponding pressure at the inlet of the intake pipe are determined, which are at an acceptable level. It is noted that the rather moderate temperature state of the inductor and the hydraulic parameters of the oil path are facilitated by such innovations in the design of the EMM as the loop double layer short chorded winding and axial ventilation channels in the stator core. Originality. Now EMM thermal equivalent circuits with air cooling only have been presented. Therefore, the developed thermal circuit of the oil-cooled inductor is new and makes it possible to evaluate the operating modes of the EMM. Practical value. The proposed technical solutions can be recommended for practical implementation in other EMMs. Taking into account the identified reserves of the EMM temperature state, a forecast was made regarding the transition from its oil cooling to air cooling. But the use of air cooling requires a change in the design of the EMM.
介绍。本文研究了一种以三相感应电动机定子为基础,用于加工各种物质的电磁磨。定子绕组的电流密度增加,因此磨机采用变压器油强制冷却系统。问题。在给定设计和油冷条件下,目前还没有关于电磁机热态计算的研究。因此,对电磁机械热态的研究具有重要意义,有助于提高电磁机械工作的可靠性和效率。的目标。建立了电磁式磨机电感器热状态的数学模型,分析了电磁式磨机电感器在变压器油冷却的静态工况下的发热情况。方法。采用等效热阻电路法解决了电磁磨机主要部件的热状态即温度分布的计算问题。提供了足够完整的EMM设计,并在此基础上形成了相应的等效热替换回路,并辅以油道等效液压回路。解释了用EMM的组成元素来描述温度分布的方程组的组成和代数系统的解。结果。电磁磨机的热计算结果表明,所选绝缘等级的最高加热温度远低于其允许温度。根据液压方案,确定了所需的油耗、其平均转速及相应的进气管入口压力,均处于可接受的水平。值得注意的是,电感器相当温和的温度状态和油路的水力参数是由EMM设计中的创新所促进的,例如环路双层短弦绕组和定子铁心的轴向通风通道。创意。目前只提出了带风冷的EMM热等效电路。因此,所开发的油冷式电感器热回路是一种新颖的热回路,为评价电磁力机的工作模式提供了可能。实用价值。建议的技术解决方案可建议在其他机电管理系统中实际实施。考虑到EMM温度状态的确定储量,对其从油冷却过渡到空气冷却进行了预测。但是使用空气冷却需要改变EMM的设计。
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引用次数: 1
Efficient method for transformer models implementation in distribution load flow matrix 配电潮流矩阵中变压器模型实现的有效方法
Pub Date : 2023-04-23 DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2023.3.11
M. Kadri, A. Hamouda, S. Sayah
Introduction. Most distribution networks are unbalanced and therefore require a specific solution for load flow. There are many works on the subject in the literature, but they mainly focus on simple network configurations. Among the methods dedicated to this problem, one can refer to the load flow method based on the bus injection to branch current and branch current to bus voltage matrices. Problem. Although this method is regarded as simple and complete, its drawback is the difficulty in supporting the transformer model as well as its winding connection types. Nevertheless, the method requires the system per unit to derive the load flow solution. Goal. In the present paper, our concern is the implementation of distribution transformers in the modeling and calculation of load flow in unbalanced networks. Methodology. Unlike previous method, distribution transformer model is introduced in the topology matrices without simplifying assumptions. Particularly, topology matrices were modified to take into account all winding types of both primary and secondary sides of transformer that conserve the equivalent scheme of an ideal transformer in series with an impedance. In addition, the adopted transformer models overcome the singularity problem that can be encountered when switching from the primary to the secondary side of transformer and inversely. Practical value. The proposed approach was applied to various distribution networks such as IEEE 4-nodes, IEEE 13-nodes and IEEE 37-nodes. The obtained results validate the method and show its effectiveness.
介绍。大多数配电网是不平衡的,因此需要一个特定的解决方案。文献中有很多关于这一主题的作品,但它们主要集中在简单的网络配置上。在致力于解决这一问题的方法中,可以参考基于母线注入到支路电流和支路电流到母线电压矩阵的负载流法。问题。虽然这种方法被认为是简单和完整的,但它的缺点是难以支持变压器模型及其绕组连接类型。然而,该方法要求每单元系统推导出负荷流解。的目标。在本文中,我们关注的是配电变压器在不平衡电网中负荷潮流建模和计算中的实现。方法。与以往的方法不同,该方法将配电变压器模型引入到拓扑矩阵中,没有简化假设。特别是,拓扑矩阵进行了修改,以考虑变压器初级和次级侧的所有绕组类型,从而保留了具有阻抗串联的理想变压器的等效方案。此外,所采用的变压器模型克服了变压器主次侧倒换和逆变倒换时的奇异性问题。实用价值。该方法应用于ieee4节点、ieee13节点和ieee37节点等配电网。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Field programmable gate array hardware in the loop validation of fuzzy direct torque control for induction machine drive 现场可编程门阵列硬件在环验证模糊直接转矩控制感应电机驱动
Pub Date : 2023-04-23 DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2023.3.04
A. Aib, D. Khodja, S. Chakroune
Introduction. Currently, the direct torque control is very popular in industry and is of great interest to scientists in the variable speed drive of asynchronous machines. This technique provides decoupling between torque control and flux without the need to use pulse width modulation or coordinate transformation. Nevertheless, this command presents two major importunities: the switching frequency is highly variable on the one hand, and on the other hand, the amplitude of the torque and stator flux ripples remain poorly controlled throughout the considered operating speed range. The novelty of this article proposes improvements in performance of direct torque control of asynchronous machines by development of a fuzzy direct torque control algorithm. This latter makes it possible to provide solutions to the major problems of this control technique, namely: torque ripples, flux ripples, and failure to control switching frequency. Purpose. The emergence of this method has given rise to various works whose objective is to show its performance, or to provide solutions to its limitations. Indeed, this work consists in validation of a fuzzy direct torque control architecture implemented on the ML402 development kit (based on the Xilinx Virtex-4 type field programmable gate array circuit), through hardware description language (VHDL) and Xilinx generator system. The obtained results showed the robustness of the control and sensorless in front of load and parameters variation of induction motor control. The research directions of the model were determined for the subsequent implementation of results with simulation samples.
介绍。目前,直接转矩控制在工业上得到了广泛的应用,异步电机的变速传动受到了科学家们的极大关注。该技术提供了转矩控制和磁链之间的解耦,而不需要使用脉宽调制或坐标变换。然而,该命令提出了两个主要的难题:一方面,开关频率是高度可变的,另一方面,在整个考虑的工作速度范围内,转矩和定子磁链波纹的幅度仍然控制得很差。本文的新颖之处在于提出了一种模糊直接转矩控制算法,以改善异步电机的直接转矩控制性能。后者使得有可能为该控制技术的主要问题提供解决方案,即:转矩波动,磁链波动和开关频率控制失败。目的。这种方法的出现产生了各种各样的作品,其目的是展示其性能,或为其局限性提供解决方案。实际上,这项工作包括通过硬件描述语言(VHDL)和Xilinx发生器系统,在ML402开发工具包(基于Xilinx Virtex-4型现场可编程门阵列电路)上实现的模糊直接转力控制架构的验证。结果表明,该控制具有鲁棒性,在负载和参数变化前无传感器控制。确定了模型的研究方向,以便后续用仿真样本实现结果。
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引用次数: 0
Sensorless control of switched reluctance motor based on a simple flux linkage model 基于简单磁链模型的开关磁阻电机无传感器控制
Pub Date : 2023-04-23 DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2023.3.05
Jiayi Fan, Master’s Degree Yongkeun, Lee
Introduction. The operation of switched reluctance motor requires prior knowledge of the rotor position, obtaining from either low resolution photocoupler based position sensor or high resolution shaft encoder, to control the on/off states of the power switches. Problem. However, using physical position sensor in harsh environment will inevitably reduce the reliability of the motor drive, in which sensorless control comes into play. Novelty. In this paper, a sensorless control scheme of switched reluctance motor is proposed. Methodology. The method is based on a simple analytical model of the flux-linkage curves rather than the conventional approach that normally uses a look-up table to store all the data points of the flux-linkage curves. By measuring the phase current, rotor position can be deduced from the analytical model. Practical value. Simulation results are given and the proposed sensorless scheme is verified to provide a moderate position estimation accuracy in a wide speed range in both unsaturated and saturated conditions.
介绍。开关磁阻电机的操作需要事先了解转子位置,从基于低分辨率光电耦合器的位置传感器或高分辨率轴编码器获得,以控制电源开关的开/关状态。问题。然而,在恶劣的环境中使用物理位置传感器必然会降低电机驱动的可靠性,这就需要无传感器控制。新鲜事物。本文提出了一种开关磁阻电机的无传感器控制方案。方法。该方法基于简单的通量-连杆曲线解析模型,而不是传统的使用查找表来存储通量-连杆曲线的所有数据点的方法。通过测量相电流,可以由解析模型推导出转子位置。实用价值。给出了仿真结果,并验证了所提出的无传感器方案在非饱和和饱和条件下都能在较宽的速度范围内提供中等的位置估计精度。
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引用次数: 1
Ultimate effect of non-identity of resistive elements of high-voltage arm on frequency characteristics of broadband voltage divider (analytical research) 高压臂阻性元件非同一性对宽带分压器频率特性的最终影响(分析研究)
Pub Date : 2023-04-23 DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2023.3.08
V. Brzhezitsky, Y. Haran, Y. Trotsenko, O. Protsenko, A. Derzhuk, M. Dixit
Purpose. Determination in the analytical form of the maximum limiting influence of the non-identity of the resistive elements of the high-voltage arm on the amplitude-frequency characteristic and phase-frequency characteristic of the voltage divider with parallel-series connection of R-, C-elements of the high-voltage arm. Methodology. Based on the previously developed theory of broadband voltage dividers with parallel-series connection of R‑, C-elements, analytical expressions for amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics of the voltage divider are obtained and investigated taking into account the limit case of non-identical resistive elements of high-voltage arm. Results. The nature of the dependencies of the frequency characteristics of the broadband voltage divider on the value of the tolerance of the resistive elements of the high-voltage arm, the division factor of the voltage divider in a wide range of frequency changes are determined. Simplified approximating expressions for the maximum values of frequency characteristics of the voltage divider are proposed and their error is determined. Originality. For the first time in the analytical form the limiting influence of non-identity of resistive elements of a high-voltage arm of a voltage divider on its frequency characteristics is considered. A mathematical model of this influence is constructed and the limit values of frequency characteristics of the voltage divider are determined. Practical value. It is recommended to introduce into the normative documentation of broadband voltage dividers the corrected value of the division factor, which allows to significantly reduce the deviation of the actual value of the division factor of the voltage divider from the normalized value in a wide range of frequency changes.
目的。以解析形式确定高压臂电阻元件不一致对高压臂R-、c -元件并联串联的分压器幅频特性和相频特性的最大限制影响。方法。基于已有的R -、c -单元并联串联宽带分压器理论,得到了分压器幅频特性和相频特性的解析表达式,并考虑了高压臂阻性元件不相同的极限情况。结果。宽带分压器的频率特性依赖于高压臂电阻元件容差值的性质,确定了分压器在宽频率变化范围内的分频系数。提出了分压器频率特性最大值的简化近似表达式,并确定了其误差。创意。本文首次以解析的形式考虑了分压器高压臂电阻元件非同一性对其频率特性的极限影响。建立了这种影响的数学模型,确定了分压器频率特性的极限值。实用价值。建议在宽带分压器的规范性文件中引入分频因子的修正值,这样可以在很大的频率变化范围内显著减少分压器分频因子的实际值与归一化值的偏差。
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引用次数: 0
Optimal performance assessment of intelligent controllers used in solar-powered electric vehicle 太阳能电动汽车智能控制器的最优性能评估
Pub Date : 2023-03-05 DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2023.2.04
R. S. Kumar, C. S. Reddy, B. M. Chandra
Introduction. Increasing vehicle numbers, coupled with their increased consumption of fossil fuels, have drawn great concern about their detrimental environmental impacts. Alternative energy sources have been the subject of extensive research and development. Due to its high energy density, zero emissions, and use of sustainable fuels, the battery is widely considered one of the most promising solutions for automobile applications. A major obstacle to its commercialization is the battery's high cost and low power density. Purpose. Implementing a control system is the primary objective of this work, which is employed to change the energy sources in hybrid energy storage system about the load applied to the drive. Novelty. To meet the control objective, a speed condition-based controller is designed by considering four separate math functions and is programmed based on different speed ranges. On the other hand, the conventional/intelligent controller is also considered to develop the switching signals related to the DC-DC converter’s output and applied the actual value. Methods. According to the proposed control strategy, the adopted speed condition based controller is a combined conventional/intelligent controller to meet the control object. Practical value. In this work, three different hybrid controllers adopted speed condition based controller with artificial neural network controller, adopted speed condition based controller with fuzzy logic controller, and adopted speed condition based controller with proportional-integral derivative controller are designed and applied separately and obtain the results at different load conditions in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Three hybrid controller’s execution is assessed based on time-domain specifications.
介绍。汽车数量的增加,加上化石燃料的消耗增加,已经引起了人们对其有害环境影响的极大关注。替代能源一直是广泛研究和开发的主题。由于其高能量密度、零排放和可持续燃料的使用,电池被广泛认为是汽车应用中最有前途的解决方案之一。其商业化的主要障碍是电池的高成本和低功率密度。目的。实现控制系统是本研究的主要目标,该控制系统用于改变混合储能系统中驱动负载的能量来源。新鲜事物。为满足控制目标,设计了一种基于速度条件的控制器,考虑了四个独立的数学函数,并根据不同的速度范围进行了编程。另一方面,常规/智能控制器也考虑开发与DC-DC变换器输出相关的开关信号并应用于实际值。方法。根据所提出的控制策略,所采用的基于速度条件的控制器是满足控制目标的常规/智能相结合的控制器。实用价值。本文在MATLAB/Simulink环境中分别设计并应用了基于速度条件的控制器与人工神经网络控制器、基于速度条件的控制器与模糊逻辑控制器、基于速度条件的控制器与比例积分导数控制器三种不同的混合控制器,并在不同的负载条件下得到了结果。基于时域规范对三种混合控制器的执行性能进行了评估。
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Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics
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