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Maximum power point tracking improvement using type-2 fuzzy controller for wind system based on the double fed induction generator 使用 2 型模糊控制器改进基于双馈感应发电机的风力系统的最大功率点跟踪功能
Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2024.2.09
M. Kaddache, S. Drid, A. Khemis, D. Rahem, L. Chrifi-Alaoui
Introduction. In this paper, to maximize energy transmission in wind power system, various Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) approaches are available. Among these techniques, we have proposed the one based on typical fuzzy logic. Despite the somewhat reduced performance of fuzzy MPPT. For a number of reasons, fuzzy MPPT can replace conventional optimization techniques. In practice, the effectiveness of conventional MPPT methods depends mainly on the accuracy of the information given and the wind speed or knowledge of the aerodynamic properties of the wind system. Novelty. Our new MPPT for monitoring the maximum power point has been proposed. We developed an algorithm to improve control performance and govern the stator’s developed active and reactive power using the typical fuzzy logic 2 and enable robust control of a grid-connected, doubly fed induction generator. Purpose. MPPT which implies the wind turbine’s rotating speed should be modified in real time to capture the most wind energy, is necessary to achieve high efficiency for wind energy conversion, according to the aerodynamic characteristics of the wind turbine. Methods. Developing a mathematical model for a wind energy production system is complex, can be strongly affected by wind variation and is a non-linear problem. Thanks to these characteristics, thus, the Lyapunov technique is combined with a sliding mode control to ensure overall asymptotic stability and robustness with regard to parametric fluctuations in order to accomplish this goal. We contrasted our fuzzy type-2 algorithm’s performance with that of the fuzzy type-1 and Perturbation & Observation (P&O) suggested in the literature. Practical value. The simulation results demonstrate that the control performance is satisfactory when using the fuzzy logic technique. From these results, it can be said for the optimization of energy conversion in wind systems, the fuzzy type-2 technique may offer a workable option. Since it presents a great possibility to avoid problems either technical or economics linked to conventional strategies.
引言本文介绍了各种最大功率点跟踪 (MPPT) 方法,以最大限度地提高风力发电系统的能量传输。在这些技术中,我们提出了一种基于典型模糊逻辑的技术。尽管模糊 MPPT 的性能有所降低。出于多种原因,模糊 MPPT 可以取代传统的优化技术。实际上,传统 MPPT 方法的有效性主要取决于所提供信息的准确性以及风速或风力系统空气动力特性的知识。新颖性。我们提出了用于监测最大功率点的新型 MPPT。我们开发了一种算法来提高控制性能,并使用典型的模糊逻辑 2 来控制定子的有功和无功功率,从而实现对并网双馈感应发电机的稳健控制。目的。根据风力涡轮机的空气动力学特性,MPPT 是实现高效风能转换的必要条件,这意味着风力涡轮机的转速应实时调整,以捕获最多的风能。方法。建立风能生产系统的数学模型非常复杂,会受到风力变化的强烈影响,而且是一个非线性问题。因此,为了实现这一目标,我们将 Lyapunov 技术与滑模控制相结合,以确保总体渐近稳定性和对参数波动的鲁棒性。我们将模糊 2 型算法的性能与文献中建议的模糊 1 型算法和 "扰动与观察"(P&O)算法的性能进行了对比。实用价值。模拟结果表明,使用模糊逻辑技术的控制性能令人满意。从这些结果可以看出,对于风能系统的能量转换优化,模糊 2 型技术可能是一种可行的选择。因为它为避免与传统策略相关的技术或经济问题提供了极大的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Smart current control of the wind energy conversion system based permanent magnet synchronous generator using predictive and hysteresis model 利用预测和滞后模型对基于永磁同步发电机的风能转换系统进行智能电流控制
Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2024.2.06
H. Zine, K. Abed, Hamed Kamel, Eddine Zine
Introduction. Given the increasing demand for performance and efficiency of converters and power drives, the development of new control systems must take into account the real nature of these types of systems. Converters and dimmers power are nonlinear systems of a hybrid nature, including elements linear and nonlinear and a finite number of switching devices. Signals input for power converters are discrete signals that control the ‘opening and closing’ transitions of each component. Problem. In the multilevel inverters connected to grid, the switching frequency is the principal cause of harmonics and switching losses, which by nature, reduces the inverter’s efficiency. Purpose. For guarantee the satisfying quality of power transmitted to the electrical grid, while ensuring reduction of current ripples and output voltage harmonics. Novelty. This work proposes a new smart control, based on a predictive current control of the three level neutral point clamped inverter, used in Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) connected to grid, based permanent magnet synchronous generator, powered by a hysteresis current control for the rectifier. This new formula guarantees handling with the influence of harmonics disturbances (similar current total harmonic distortion), voltage stress, switching losses, rise time, over or undershoot and settling time in WECS. Methods. The basic idea of this control is to choose the best switching state, of the power switches, which ameliorates the quality function, selected from order predictive current control of WECS. Results. Practical value. Several advantages in this intelligent method, such as the fast dynamic answer, the easy implementation of nonlinearities and it requires fewer calculations to choose the best switching state. In addition, an innovative algorithm is proposed to adjust the current ripples and output voltage harmonics of the WECS. The performances of the system were analyzed by simulation using MATLAB/Simulink.
导言。鉴于对变流器和电力驱动装置的性能和效率的要求越来越高,开发新的控制系统必须考虑到这些类型系统的实际性质。功率转换器和调光器是混合性质的非线性系统,包括线性和非线性元件以及有限数量的开关设备。电源转换器的输入信号是离散信号,用于控制每个元件的 "打开和关闭 "转换。问题在与电网连接的多电平逆变器中,开关频率是造成谐波和开关损耗的主要原因,从本质上讲,这会降低逆变器的效率。目的保证向电网传输的电能质量令人满意,同时确保减少电流纹波和输出电压谐波。新颖性。本作品提出了一种新的智能控制方法,基于对三电平中性点箝位逆变器的预测电流控制,该逆变器用于与电网连接的风能转换系统(WECS),以永磁同步发电机为基础,由整流器的滞后电流控制提供动力。这一新公式可确保在 WECS 中处理谐波干扰(类似电流总谐波失真)、电压应力、开关损耗、上升时间、过冲或欠冲以及沉淀时间的影响。方法。该控制的基本思想是从 WECS 的阶次预测电流控制中选择能改善质量功能的电源开关的最佳开关状态。结果。实用价值。这种智能方法有几个优点,如快速动态响应、易于实现非线性特性以及选择最佳开关状态所需的计算量较少。此外,还提出了一种创新算法来调整 WECS 的电流纹波和输出电压谐波。使用 MATLAB/Simulink 对系统性能进行了仿真分析。
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引用次数: 0
Technical solutions to reduce losses in magnetic cores and material consumption of three-phase transformer and reactor equipment 降低三相变压器和电抗器设备磁芯损耗和材料消耗的技术解决方案
Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2024.2.01
A. A. Stavynskyi, O. A. Avdeeva, D. Koshkin, R. A. Stavynskyi, O. M. Tsyganov
Purpose. The increase in energy costs and the need for further energy saving lead to an increase in requirements for reducing losses in the magnetic cores of transformers and reactors. Problem. The improvement of transformer and reactor equipment is traditionally carried out by applying the achievements of electrical materials science and new technologies to traditional designs and structures of electromagnetic systems. The basis of modern transformers is made up of laminated and twisted magnetic cores. The disadvantage of laminated magnetic cores is large additional losses in corner zones due to the texture of anisotropic steel. Disadvantage of twisted three-phase three-contour magnetic cores is large additional losses caused by the lack of magnetic coupling of three separate magnetic flux contours. The disadvantages of combined joint tape-plate magnetic cores are the unsatisfactory use of the active volume and increased losses, which are determined by the uneven distribution of the magnetic field and the negative impact of steel texture in the corner zones of the twisted parts. Aim. To determine the possibility of improving three-phase transformers and reactors. Methodology. The improvement is achieved by geometrical and structural transformations of the outer contours and elements of the varieties of magnetic cores. Results. The possibility of eliminating additional losses of a planar laminated magnetic core by a combination of anisotropic and isotropic steels at the appropriate location in the yoke-rod and corner sections is determined. With an octagonal outer contour of the combined magnetic core, a reduction in mass is achieved without an increase in losses. The mutually orthogonal position of the steel layers or the elements of the joint twisted and combined three-phase planar and spatial magnetic cores achieves magnetic coupling and elimination of additional losses of individual twisted contour sections. The hexagonal configurations of the inner contours of the twisted yoke-corner parts and the cross-sections of the laminated rods of the variants of the axial spatial joint magnetic core improve the magnetic flux density distribution and reduce the main losses of the yokes, as well as reduce the complexity of manufacturing rods from identical rectangular steel layers. Originality. The paper presents constructive and technological proposals and features of varieties of non-traditional planar and spatial, laminated, twisted and combined tape-plate joint magnetic cores, which differ in the combination of anisotropic, isotropic and amorphous steels, as well as the multifaceted geometric shape of contours and the spatial arrangement of elements. Based on the identity of the optimal geometric ratios of the variants of electromagnetic systems of transformers and reactors, with joint planar and spatial twisted and combined and tape-plate magnetic cores, the unification of the structure of transformer and reactor equipment with a capacity of I-III
目的。由于能源成本的增加和进一步节能的需要,对降低变压器和电抗器磁芯损耗的要求也随之提高。问题变压器和电抗器设备的改进历来是通过将电气材料科学的成果和新技术应用于电磁系统的传统设计和结构来实现的。现代变压器的基础是层叠和扭曲磁芯。叠片磁芯的缺点是,由于各向异性钢的质地,角区的附加损耗较大。扭转式三相三轮廓磁芯的缺点是由于三个独立的磁通轮廓之间缺乏磁耦合而产生大量额外损耗。组合式带板磁芯的缺点是有效容积的利用率不高,而且由于磁场分布不均和扭曲部分角区钢材质地的负面影响,损耗增加。目的确定改进三相变压器和电抗器的可能性。方法。通过对各种磁芯的外轮廓和元件进行几何和结构改造来实现改进。结果。通过在轭杆和角部的适当位置结合使用各向异性钢和各向同性钢,确定了消除平面叠片磁芯额外损耗的可能性。组合磁芯的外轮廓呈八角形,可在不增加损耗的情况下减轻质量。钢层或三相平面磁芯和空间磁芯联合扭转组合元件的相互正交位置实现了磁耦合,消除了单个扭转轮廓部分的额外损耗。扭曲轭角部件内轮廓的六边形配置和轴向空间联合磁芯变体层叠棒的横截面改善了磁通密度分布,降低了轭的主要损耗,并降低了用相同矩形钢层制造棒的复杂性。独创性论文介绍了非传统的平面和空间、层叠、扭曲和组合式带板连接磁芯的结构和技术建议及特点,这些磁芯在各向异性钢、各向同性钢和非晶体钢的组合以及轮廓的多面几何形状和元件的空间排列方面各不相同。在确定变压器和电抗器电磁系统变体的最佳几何比率的基础上,结合平面和空间扭曲磁芯、组合磁芯和带板磁芯,统一了变压器和电抗器设备的结构,其容量为 I-III 尺寸。
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引用次数: 0
Computational studies of electromagnetic field propagation and deforming of structural elements for a thin-walled curved workpiece and an inductor 薄壁曲面工件和感应器的电磁场传播和结构元素变形的计算研究
Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2024.2.08
D. V. Lavinsky, Yu. I. Zaitsev
Introduction. At the present stage of industrial development, the electromagnetic field is widely used in various technological processes. The force effect of an electromagnetic field on conductive materials is used in a class of technological operations called electromagnetic forming. Problem. Under the conditions of electromagnetic forming, the main element of the technological equipment – the inductor – is simultaneously subjected to the force impact with the workpiece. At certain levels of the electromagnetic field, the deformation of the inductor becomes so significant that it can lead to a loss of its efficiency. Goal. Computational analysis of a thin-walled curved workpiece and a two-turn inductor under the conditions of electromagnetic processing of the workpiece corner zone. Determining the distribution of quantitative characteristics of the electromagnetic field and the stress-strain state and conducting assessments based on them regarding the efficiency of the technological operation. Methodology. Computational modeling using the finite element method as a method of numerical analysis. The results on the distribution of quantitative characteristics of the electromagnetic field and components of the stress-strain state for a thin-walled workpiece and an inductor are obtained. It is shown that for the specified characteristics of the technological operation, the inductor remains operational, and plastic deformations occur in the workpiece. A series of calculations were carried out, in which some parameters of the technological system were varied. Originality. For the first time, the results of the calculation analysis of the quantitative characteristics distribution of the electromagnetic field of the deformation process for the «inductor – thin-walled curved workpiece» system are presented. Practical value. The presented design scheme of a curved thin-walled workpiece and a two-turn inductor, the method of calculation analysis and some obtained results can be used in the analysis of electromagnetic processing of thin-walled structures that contain curved elements.
引言在工业发展的现阶段,电磁场被广泛应用于各种技术工艺中。电磁场对导电材料的力作用被用于一类称为电磁成形的技术操作中。问题在电磁成形条件下,技术设备的主要元件--感应器--与工件同时受到力的冲击。在一定的电磁场水平下,感应器的变形会变得非常明显,从而导致其效率降低。目标在工件角区电磁加工条件下,对薄壁曲面工件和两圈感应器进行计算分析。确定电磁场的定量特征分布和应力应变状态,并在此基础上对技术操作的效率进行评估。方法。使用有限元法作为数值分析方法进行计算建模。得出薄壁工件和感应器的电磁场定量特征分布和应力应变状态成分的结果。结果表明,在规定的技术操作特性下,感应器保持工作状态,工件发生塑性变形。通过改变技术系统的某些参数,进行了一系列计算。独创性。首次提出了 "感应器-薄壁曲面工件 "系统变形过程电磁场定量特征分布的计算分析结果。实用价值。所介绍的曲面薄壁工件和两圈感应器的设计方案、计算分析方法和部分所得结果可用于包含曲面元件的薄壁结构的电磁处理分析。
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引用次数: 0
An adaptive controller for power quality control in high speed railway with electric locomotives with asynchronous traction motors 高速铁路电力机车异步牵引电机的电能质量控制自适应控制器
Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2024.2.04
A. Chaib Ras, R. Bouzerara, H. Bouzeria
Introduction. Power quality in an electric railway system pertains to the dependability, consistency, and purity of the electrical power provided to different components and systems within the railway infrastructure. Assessing power quality offers considerable opportunities to improve the efficiency of railway systems. Problem. Managing the flow of active and reactive power effectively, decreasing harmonic currents, and addressing the negative sequence component are all critical parts of improving power quality for electrified rail systems. As a result, flexible AC transmission systems are the major means of minimizing or decreasing these difficulties. Purpose. This study describes a half-bridge reactive power railway power conditioner (HB-RPC) with a novel Ynev balancing transformer. HB-RPC is made up of four switching devices and two DC capacitors and the compensator’s stability is determined by the operating voltage of the DC-link. Any variations or imbalances in the DC voltage might cause the compensator to operate in an unstable manner. Novelty. Of a novel balanced transformer with HB-RPC in a high-speed railway system with two scenarios. Methods. The study utilized MATLAB/Simulink software for simulation purposes. The system integrates a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and a PI controller to optimize DC voltage, ensuring its constancy and balance, with the objective of improving the overall stability of the system. Results. The simulation outcomes illustrate the efficacy of the control approach. Through a comparison of results between scenarios (two and four trains) with the PI-based-HB-RPC and the FLC-based-HB-RPC, the system exhibits enhanced stability for the proposed railway system when employing the FLC-based-HB-RPC, compared to a controller based on PI. Practical value. The proposed configuration elucidates its role in enhancing both the dynamic performance of the system and the power quality of the three-phase rail traction chain.
导言。电气化铁路系统中的电能质量是指提供给铁路基础设施内不同组件和系统的电能的可靠性、一致性和纯度。评估电能质量为提高铁路系统的效率提供了大量机会。问题有效管理有功和无功功率流、降低谐波电流以及解决负序分量问题,都是提高电气化铁路系统电能质量的关键部分。因此,灵活的交流输电系统是尽量减少或降低这些困难的主要手段。研究目的本研究介绍了带有新型 Ynev 平衡变压器的半桥无功功率铁路电力调节器(HB-RPC)。HB-RPC 由四个开关设备和两个直流电容器组成,补偿器的稳定性取决于直流链路的工作电压。直流电压的任何变化或不平衡都可能导致补偿器运行不稳定。新颖性在高速铁路系统中使用带 HB-RPC 的新型平衡变压器的两种方案。方法。研究利用 MATLAB/Simulink 软件进行仿真。该系统集成了一个模糊逻辑控制器(FLC)和一个 PI 控制器,用于优化直流电压,确保其恒定性和平衡性,目的是提高系统的整体稳定性。结果模拟结果表明了控制方法的有效性。通过比较基于 PI 的-HB-RPC 和基于 FLC 的-HB-RPC 两种方案(两列火车和四列火车)的结果,与基于 PI 的控制器相比,采用基于 FLC 的-HB-RPC 时,拟议的铁路系统显示出更高的稳定性。实用价值。建议的配置阐明了其在提高系统动态性能和三相铁路牵引链电能质量方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Calculation and experimental determination of the speed of advancement of the plasma leader channel of a pulse spark discharge in atmospheric air 大气空气中脉冲火花放电等离子体领导通道前进速度的计算和实验测定
Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2024.2.07
M. I. Baranov
Goal. Calculation and experimental determination of middle speed vL of advancement of plasma leader channel of a pulse spark discharge in the long air interval of the double-electrode discharge system (DEDS) «tip-plane». Methodology. Bases of the theoretical electrical engineering and electrophysics, electrophysics bases of technique of ultra- and high-voltage and high pulse currents, bases of high-voltage pulse technique and measuring technique. Results. The close calculation and experimental method of determination of middle speed vL of advancement of plasma leader channel of an electric pulse spark discharge is offered in the long air interval of DEDS «tip-plane». This method is based on the offered calculation empiric formula for finding of the indicated speed vL and results of decoding of oscillograms of process of cut of in-use standard interconnect аperiodic pulse of over- and high-voltage of temporal shape of Tm/Тd≈200 μs/1990 μs of positive polarity at an electric hasp in indicated DEDS of long air intervals with their minimum length of lmin, numeral making 1,5 m (first case) and 3 m (second case). It is shown that middle speed vL of advancement in atmospheric air of front of plasma channel of positive leader of an electric pulse spark discharge in probed DEDS «tip-plane» for two considered applied cases at lmin=1,5 m of lmin=3 m numeral makes approximately vL≈(1±0,03)∙105 m/s. The found numeral value of this speed vL well coincides with the known experimental information for speed of advancement of vL≈105 m/s in atmospheric air of plasma channel of negative leader for a long storm spark discharge in DEDS «charged cloud-earth». It is set that for the standard interconnect аperiodic pulse of high- and ultra- voltage of temporal shape of Tm/Тd≈200 μs/1990 μs of positive polarity middle value of aggressive strength Ed of high pulse electric field in the air interval of probed DEDS «tip-plane» numeral makes minimum length of lmin=1,5 m near Ed1≈360,8 kV/m, and for his minimum length of lmin=3 m of − Ed2≈313,4 kV/m. Originality. The comfortable is developed in the use and reliable in practical realization technicians-and-engineers calculation and experimental method of research in the conditions of high-voltage electrophysics laboratory of difficult electro-discharge processes of development of leader hasp of long air intervals and determination of minimum electric durability of air insulation of electrical power engineering and electrophysics equipment on working voltage of classes of 330-1150 kV. Practical value. Application in area of industrial electrical power engineering and high-voltage pulse technique of the got numeral electrophysics results and offered calculation and experimental method of determination of middle speed vL of advancement in atmospheric air of plasma channel of leader of a long spark discharge will allow, from one side, to deepen our scientific knowledges about a long electric pulse spark discharge in an air dielectr
目标。计算并通过实验确定双电极放电系统(DEDS)"尖端平面 "长空气间隔内脉冲火花放电等离子体领导通道前进的中速 vL。方法。电工学和电物理学理论基础、超高压和大脉冲电流技术的电物理学基础、高压脉冲技术基础和测量技术。结果。在 DEDS "尖端平面 "的长空气间隔中,提供了确定电脉冲火花放电等离子体领导通道前进中速 vL 的计算和实验方法。该方法基于所提供的速度 vL 的经验计算公式,以及对使用中的标准互联线切割过程示波图的解码结果,这些示波图是时间形状为 Tm/Тd≈200 μs/1990 μs,正极性的过电压和高压脉冲,在指定的长空气间隔 DEDS 中,其最小长度为 lmin,数字为 1.5 m(第一种情况)和 3 m(第二种情况)。结果表明,在 lmin=1.5 米和 lmin=3 米的两种应用情况下,在探测的 DEDS "顶平面 "中,电脉冲火花放电正引线等离子通道前沿在大气空气中的中速 vL 约为 vL≈(1±0,03)∙105 米/秒。所发现的速度 vL 数值与已知的实验信息相吻合,即在 DEDS "带电云土 "中长风暴火花放电时,等离子体负导通道的大气空气中的前进速度 vL≈105 m/s。对于 Tm/Тd≈200 μs/1990 μs 时形为正极性的高电压和超电压标准互联 а 周期脉冲,在被探测的 DEDS "尖端平面 "的空气间隔中,高脉冲电场的攻击强度 Ed 的中间值为最小长度 lmin=1、5 m,靠近 Ed1≈360,8 kV/m,其最小长度为 lmin=3 m 的 - Ed2≈313,4 kV/m。独创性。在高压电物理实验室的条件下,研究长空气间隔的导线槽发展的困难放电过程和确定工作电压为 330-1150 kV 级的电力工程和电物理设备空气绝缘的最小电耐久性的计算和实验方法。实用价值。在工业电力工程和高压脉冲技术领域应用所获得的数字电物理结果和所提供的确定长火花放电领导者等离子通道在大气空气中前进的中速 vL 的计算和实验方法,一方面可以加深我们对空气介质中长电脉冲火花放电的科学认识,另一方面可以开发高压电力工程和电物理设备,提高其在正常运行和故障情况下工作的可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
Intelligent fuzzy back-stepping observer design based induction motor robust nonlinear sensorless control 基于智能模糊后步法观测器设计的感应电机鲁棒非线性无传感器控制
Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2024.2.02
K. Abed, H. Zine
Introduction. The control algorithm of Induction Motor (IM) is massively dependent on its parameters; so, any variation in these parameters (especially in rotor resistance) gives unavoidably error propagates. To avoid this problem, researches give more than solution, they have proposed Variable Structure Control (VSC), adaptive observers such as Model Reference Adaptive System, Extended Luenberger Observer (ELO) and the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), these solutions reduce the estimated errors in flux and speed. As novelty in this paper, the model speed observer uses the estimated currents and voltages as state variables; we develop this one by an error feedback corrector. The Indirect Rotor Field Oriented Control (IRFOC) uses the correct observed value of speed; in our research, we improve the observer’s labour by using back-stepping Sliding Mode (SM) control. Purpose. To generate the pulse-width modulation inverter pulses which reduce the error due of parameters variations in very fast way. Methods. We develop for reach this goal an exploration of two different linear observers used for a high performance VSC IM drive that is robust against speed and load torque variations. Firstly, we present a three levels inverter chosen to supply the IM; we present its modelling and method of control, ending by an experiment platform to show its output signal. A block diagram of IRFOC was presented; we analyse with mathematic equations the deferent stages of modelling, showed clearly the decoupling theory and the sensorless technique of control. The study described two kinds of observers, ELO and EKF, to estimate IM speed and torque. By the next of that, we optimize the step response using the fuzzy logic, which helps the system to generate the PI controller gains. Both of the two observers are forward by SM current controller, the convergence of SM-ELO and SM-EKF structures is guaranteed by minimizing the error between actual and observed currents to zero. Results. Several results are given to show the effectiveness of proposed schemes.
简介感应电机(IM)的控制算法严重依赖于其参数,因此这些参数的任何变化(尤其是转子电阻的变化)都会不可避免地产生误差。为避免这一问题,研究人员提出了多种解决方案,包括可变结构控制(VSC)、自适应观测器(如模型参考自适应系统、扩展卢恩伯格观测器(ELO)和扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)),这些解决方案可减少磁通和转速的估计误差。作为本文的新颖之处,模型速度观测器使用估计的电流和电压作为状态变量;我们通过误差反馈校正器开发了这一观测器。间接转子磁场定向控制(IRFOC)使用正确的速度观测值;在我们的研究中,我们通过使用后退式滑动模式(SM)控制来改进观测器的性能。目的。生成脉宽调制逆变器脉冲,以快速减少参数变化引起的误差。方法。为实现这一目标,我们开发了两种不同的线性观测器,用于高性能 VSC IM 驱动器,该驱动器对速度和负载转矩变化具有鲁棒性。首先,我们介绍了用于为 IM 供电的三电平逆变器;然后介绍了其建模和控制方法,最后在实验平台上展示了其输出信号。我们展示了 IRFOC 的方框图;我们用数学公式分析了建模的各个阶段,清楚地展示了解耦理论和无传感器控制技术。研究描述了两种观测器,即 ELO 和 EKF,用于估计 IM 速度和扭矩。在此基础上,我们利用模糊逻辑优化了阶跃响应,这有助于系统产生 PI 控制器增益。这两种观测器都由 SM 电流控制器转发,SM-ELO 和 SM-EKF 结构的收敛性通过将实际电流和观测电流之间的误差最小化为零来保证。结果。本文给出了几项结果,以显示所提方案的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Steady-state analysis of a hybrid power supply system using an induction generator with a shunt AC/DC converter 使用带并联交直流转换器的感应发电机的混合供电系统的稳态分析
Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2024.2.10
L. Mazurenko, O. Dzhura, M. Shykhnenko
Hybrid power supply systems (HPSSs) are considered as a good option for electric power supply of remotely located from the grid consumers due to significant fuel savings compared to diesel sets. Quick development and improvement of HPSSs may be achieved using specialized methodologies and programs. In the paper a schematic diagram is proposed and operation principles of a 400 V / 50 Hz HPSS were developed. The system’s main component is the master generating unit of the hydropower plant using a 250 kW induction generator (IG). The voltage of the system is controlled by the controller of the AC/DC power converter. The electrical frequency of the system is controlled by the speed controller of the hydropower turbine. A wind turbine, an energy storage system and a regulated dump load are connected to the IG through the AC/DC converter. Goal. The paper aims to develop a methodology for steady state performance analysis of the hydraulic turbine driven isolated IG operating in parallel through an AC/DC power converter with additional sources and consumers of active power. Methodology. The methodology for evaluation of performance characteristics of the IG operating in the proposed system has been developed. The methodology is based on the equivalent circuit of the system, equations of active and reactive power balance in the system and the superposition method. Results. The equations of frequency, voltage and power regulators of the system are given. The performance characteristics of the IG operating in the system supplying resistive and RL load in «constant voltage – constant frequency» mode are obtained. Novelty. The developed methodology is innovative in taking into account the control algorithms of the system. The comparative analysis of the IG’s performance operating in the stand-alone generating unit and in the generating unit connected to the proposed system is performed. Practical value. The developed methodology can be used for development and performance improvement of hybrid AC power systems.
与柴油发电机组相比,混合动力供电系统(HPSS)可显著节省燃料,因此被认为是为远离电网的偏远地区用户供电的良好选择。使用专门的方法和程序可以快速开发和改进 HPSS。本文提出了 400 V/50 Hz HPSS 的原理图和运行原则。系统的主要组成部分是水电站的主发电机组,使用一台 250 千瓦的感应发电机(IG)。系统的电压由交流/直流电源转换器的控制器控制。系统的电频由水电涡轮机的速度控制器控制。风力涡轮机、储能系统和调节后的甩负荷通过 AC/DC 转换器与感应发电机相连。目标本文旨在开发一种方法,用于对通过 AC/DC 电源转换器与其他有功功率源和有功功率消费者并联运行的水轮机驱动隔离式中压发电机进行稳态性能分析。方法论。已开发出评估在拟议系统中运行的 IG 性能特征的方法。该方法基于系统的等效电路、系统中有功和无功功率平衡方程以及叠加法。结果。给出了系统的频率、电压和功率调节器方程。得出了在 "恒压-恒频 "模式下系统中为电阻负载和 RL 负载供电的中压调节器的性能特征。新颖性。所开发的方法在考虑系统的控制算法方面具有创新性。对独立发电机组和与拟议系统连接的发电机组中的中压发电机性能进行了比较分析。实用价值。所开发的方法可用于混合交流电力系统的开发和性能改进。
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引用次数: 0
Method for design of two-level system of active shielding of power frequency magnetic field based on a quasi-static model 基于准静态模型的两级工频磁场主动屏蔽系统设计方法
Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2024.2.05
B. Kuznetsov, A. Kutsenko, T. Nikitina, I. Bovdui, V. Kolomiets, B. Kobylianskyi
Aim. Development of method for design a two-level active shielding system for an industrial frequency magnetic field based on a quasi-static model of a magnetic field generated by power line wires and compensating windings of an active shielding system, including coarse open and precise closed control. Methodology. At the first level rough control of the magnetic field in open-loop form is carried out based on a quasi-static model of a magnetic field generated by power line wires and compensating windings of an active shielding system. This design calculated based on the finite element calculations system COMSOL Multiphysics. At the second level, a stabilizing accurate control of the magnetic field is implemented in the form of a dynamic closed system containing, in addition plant, also power amplifiers and measuring devices of the system. This design calculated based on the calculations system MATLAB. Results. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of optimal two-level active shielding system of magnetic field in residential building from power transmission line with a «Barrel» type arrangement of wires by means of active canceling with single compensating winding are presented. Originality. For the first time, the method for design a two-level active shielding system for an power frequency magnetic field based on a quasi-static model of a magnetic field generated by power line wires and compensating windings of an active shielding system, including coarse open and precise closed control is developed. Practical value. It is shown the possibility to reduce the level of magnetic field induction in residential building from power transmission line with a «Barrel» type arrangement of wires by means of active canceling with single compensating winding with initial induction of 3.5 µT to a safe level for the population adopted in Europe with an induction of 0.5 µT.
目的根据电力线产生的磁场准静态模型和有源屏蔽系统的补偿绕组,开发工业频率磁场两级有源屏蔽系统的设计方法,包括粗开和精确闭合控制。方法。首先,根据电力线和有源屏蔽系统补偿绕组产生的磁场准静态模型,对开环形式的磁场进行粗略控制。该设计基于有限元计算系统 COMSOL Multiphysics。在第二层,以动态封闭系统的形式实现了对磁场的稳定精确控制,该系统除设备外,还包括功率放大器和测量装置。该设计基于 MATLAB 计算系统进行计算。结果。通过使用单补偿绕组主动消除的方式,对住宅楼内采用 "桶形 "导线排列的输电线路磁场的最佳两级主动屏蔽系统进行了理论和实验研究。原创性。首次提出了基于输电线导线和主动屏蔽系统补偿绕组产生的磁场准静态模型的工频磁场两级主动屏蔽系统的设计方法,包括粗开和精闭控制。实用价值。研究表明,通过使用单个补偿绕组的主动抵消系统,可以将住宅楼内由 "桶 "型导线排列的输电线产生的磁场感应水平(初始感应为 3.5 µT)降低到欧洲采用的安全水平(感应为 0.5 µT)。
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引用次数: 0
Analytical method of determining conditions for full compensation of reactive power in the power supply system 确定供电系统无功功率全补偿条件的分析方法
Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.20998/2074-272x.2024.2.11
V. Yagup, K. Yagup
Goal. The purpose of the article is the development of an analytical method for determining the conditions for achieving full compensation in the generalized power supply system based on the use of substitute circuits, which are obtained using equivalent transformations of the topology of the original circuit. Methodology. The article proposes a methodology for replacing series reactive power compensation in high-voltage paths of the power supply system with parallel reactive power compensation in a low-voltage load node. Results. An algorithm for successive transformations of the power supply circuit has been developed, which makes it possible to estimate the values of the capacitances of compensating capacitors, at which full compensation of reactive power in the system is achieved. Originality. The proposed analytical method for calculating the parameters of the compensation unit makes it possible to dispense with complex optimization computer methods and makes it possible to estimate the compensation capacities that fall on the share of the load and the network. Practical value. The proposed technique allows, using a simple algorithm, to determine with high accuracy the necessary parameters of the compensating device, which provide the optimal mode in the power supply system. The proposed algorithm can easily be implemented in a microcontroller system for automatic control of the modes of the power supply system.
目标。文章的目的是开发一种分析方法,用于确定在使用替代电路的基础上实现通用供电系统完全补偿的条件,这些替代电路是通过对原始电路拓扑结构进行等效变换获得的。方法。文章提出了用低压负载节点的并联无功补偿取代供电系统高压通路的串联无功补偿的方法。结果。已开发出一种对供电电路进行连续变换的算法,从而可以估算出补偿电容器的电容值,在此电容值下,系统中的无功功率可得到完全补偿。独创性所提出的计算补偿单元参数的分析方法,使我们有可能省去复杂的计算机优化方法,并有可能估算出按负载和网络份额分配的补偿容量。实用价值。所提出的技术可以通过简单的算法,高精度地确定补偿装置的必要参数,为供电系统提供最佳模式。所提出的算法可以很容易地在微控制器系统中实现,用于自动控制供电系统的模式。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Electrical Engineering & Electromechanics
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