Most wood supplied from forests currently has a low level of durability and vulnerable to wood-destroying organisms attacks. Sengon wood ( Falcataria moluccana Miq.) is classified as low durable class wood (class IV-V); hence wood preservation is needed to protect from the attacks of wood-destroying organisms. One of the eco-friendly materials that can be used for wood preservation is wood vinegar. This study aims to analyze the influence of wood vinegar from tembesu ( Fagraea fragrans ) and rengas ( Gluta renghas ) on the durability of sengon wood against Schizophyllum commune Fries fungus. The results showed that wood parts and types of wood vinegar significantly affected preservative retention, absorption, penetration, and weight loss. Some of the chemical compounds contained in tembesu and rengas wood vinegar can inhibit the growth of fungi: (1) acetic acid (CAS) ethylic acid, (2) 2-propanone, 1-hydroxy- (CAS) acetol, (3) phenol, 2-methoxy- (CAS) guaiacol, and (4) phenol (CAS) izal. Preservation of wood using tembesu and rengas wood vinegar with a concentration of 70% could increase the resistance of sengon wood and improve sengon wood’s durability into very resistant (durability class I) against S. commune fungus attacks. Keywords: Falcataria moluccana , wood durability, wood parts, wood vinegar
目前，森林供应的大多数木材耐久性较低，容易受到破坏木材的生物的攻击。森贡木(Falcataria moluccana Miq.)被分类为低耐用级木材(IV-V级);因此，需要保存木材以防止破坏木材的生物的攻击。木醋是一种可以用来保存木材的环保材料。本研究旨在分析木醋和木醋对松材对裂叶菌(Schizophyllum commune Fries)耐久性的影响。结果表明，木材部位和木醋种类对防腐剂的保留、吸收、渗透和减重有显著影响。tembesu和rengas木醋中含有的一些化合物可以抑制真菌的生长:(1)乙酸(CAS)乙酸，(2)2-丙酮，1-羟基- (CAS)乙酰醇，(3)苯酚，2-甲氧基- (CAS)愈创木酚，(4)苯酚(CAS) izal。用浓度为70%的天贝苏和仁加斯木醋保存木材，可以提高木香木材的抗菌性，使木香木材的耐久度提高到极耐(耐久度为I级)。关键词:黄颡鱼，木材耐久性，木材零件，木醋
{"title":"Utilization of Wood Vinegar as a Natural Preservative for Sengon Wood (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) against Fungal Attack (Schizophyllum commune Fries)","authors":"R. Anggraini, Jauhar Khabibi, M. Ridho","doi":"10.23960/JSL29302-313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23960/JSL29302-313","url":null,"abstract":"Most wood supplied from forests currently has a low level of durability and vulnerable to wood-destroying organisms attacks. Sengon wood ( Falcataria moluccana Miq.) is classified as low durable class wood (class IV-V); hence wood preservation is needed to protect from the attacks of wood-destroying organisms. One of the eco-friendly materials that can be used for wood preservation is wood vinegar. This study aims to analyze the influence of wood vinegar from tembesu ( Fagraea fragrans ) and rengas ( Gluta renghas ) on the durability of sengon wood against Schizophyllum commune Fries fungus. The results showed that wood parts and types of wood vinegar significantly affected preservative retention, absorption, penetration, and weight loss. Some of the chemical compounds contained in tembesu and rengas wood vinegar can inhibit the growth of fungi: (1) acetic acid (CAS) ethylic acid, (2) 2-propanone, 1-hydroxy- (CAS) acetol, (3) phenol, 2-methoxy- (CAS) guaiacol, and (4) phenol (CAS) izal. Preservation of wood using tembesu and rengas wood vinegar with a concentration of 70% could increase the resistance of sengon wood and improve sengon wood’s durability into very resistant (durability class I) against S. commune fungus attacks. Keywords: Falcataria moluccana , wood durability, wood parts, wood vinegar","PeriodicalId":17088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86761867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The efficacy of liquid smoke obtained from medang wood ( Cinnamomum sp.) against Schizophyllum commune fungus was evaluated. This study aims to evaluate the antifungal properties of liquid smoke from medang against S. commune fungus . Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium was used to determine the efficacy of the liquid smoke of medang wood on S. commune fungus growth. Three kinds of liquid smoke were obtained from the pyrolysis of medang wood at 370, 400, and 430°C. The e fficacy of liquid smoke from medang wood for antifungal is a factorial 3 by 4 in a completely randomized design; the first factor was pyrolysis temperature of liquid smoke from medang (370, 400, and 430°C), and the second factor was the treatment of concentration of liquid smoke from medang wood ( 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0%, v/v ). The results showed that pyrolysis temperature affected liquid smoke from medang, and the concentration of liquid smoke was significantly different for inhibition of fungal growth. The results indicated that the pyrolysis temperature of liquid smoke production and the concentration of liquid smoke had a significant effect on S. commune fungus growth inhibition. Medang wood liquid smoke effectively inhibited the growth of S. commune fungus about 98.57% at a concentration of 2.5% with liquid smoke pyrolysis temperature used is 430 ° C . Keywords: efficacy, inhibition of fungal growth, liquid smoke, medang wood, Schizophyllum commune
{"title":"Efficacy of Liquid Smoke Produced from Medang Wood (Cinnamomum sp.) against Schizophyllum commune","authors":"Rizka Diah Permana, H. A. Oramahi, F. Diba","doi":"10.23960/JSL29269-279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23960/JSL29269-279","url":null,"abstract":"The efficacy of liquid smoke obtained from medang wood ( Cinnamomum sp.) against Schizophyllum commune fungus was evaluated. This study aims to evaluate the antifungal properties of liquid smoke from medang against S. commune fungus . Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium was used to determine the efficacy of the liquid smoke of medang wood on S. commune fungus growth. Three kinds of liquid smoke were obtained from the pyrolysis of medang wood at 370, 400, and 430°C. The e fficacy of liquid smoke from medang wood for antifungal is a factorial 3 by 4 in a completely randomized design; the first factor was pyrolysis temperature of liquid smoke from medang (370, 400, and 430°C), and the second factor was the treatment of concentration of liquid smoke from medang wood ( 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0%, v/v ). The results showed that pyrolysis temperature affected liquid smoke from medang, and the concentration of liquid smoke was significantly different for inhibition of fungal growth. The results indicated that the pyrolysis temperature of liquid smoke production and the concentration of liquid smoke had a significant effect on S. commune fungus growth inhibition. Medang wood liquid smoke effectively inhibited the growth of S. commune fungus about 98.57% at a concentration of 2.5% with liquid smoke pyrolysis temperature used is 430 ° C . Keywords: efficacy, inhibition of fungal growth, liquid smoke, medang wood, Schizophyllum commune","PeriodicalId":17088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83418364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Roslinda, Lilis Listiyawati, Ayyub Ayyub, Farih Al Fikri
Mangrove forest conservation on the coast of West Kalimantan has been successfully carried out and saved the environment from coastal abrasion (ecological benefit) and provided economic benefits for the community. This study aims to describe the role of the community in mangrove conservation activities in the coastal areas of West Kalimantan. S urvey methods were used in this research. The data was collected through interviews based on questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Data processing was conducted by calculating the percentage and then analyzed by tabulation. Mangrove conservation activities are based on community experiences in saving the environment, boosting economic activities, and obtaining benefits from conservation results. The involvement of the local community uses the bottom-up approach, starting from planning activities, implementation, utilization, and evaluation. In general, the local community ’ s level of involvement is still at the information and consultation stage. The involvement of the local community as an individual varies greatly, from those who are only involved as part of formality to the level of being actively involved, having decision-making authority, and being able to negotiate and deal directly with capital sources. It occurs due to the varying capacity of each individual. Keywords: forest conservation, local community, mangrove
{"title":"The Involvement of Local Community in Mangrove Forest Conservation in West Kalimantan","authors":"E. Roslinda, Lilis Listiyawati, Ayyub Ayyub, Farih Al Fikri","doi":"10.23960/JSL29291-301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23960/JSL29291-301","url":null,"abstract":"Mangrove forest conservation on the coast of West Kalimantan has been successfully carried out and saved the environment from coastal abrasion (ecological benefit) and provided economic benefits for the community. This study aims to describe the role of the community in mangrove conservation activities in the coastal areas of West Kalimantan. S urvey methods were used in this research. The data was collected through interviews based on questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Data processing was conducted by calculating the percentage and then analyzed by tabulation. Mangrove conservation activities are based on community experiences in saving the environment, boosting economic activities, and obtaining benefits from conservation results. The involvement of the local community uses the bottom-up approach, starting from planning activities, implementation, utilization, and evaluation. In general, the local community ’ s level of involvement is still at the information and consultation stage. The involvement of the local community as an individual varies greatly, from those who are only involved as part of formality to the level of being actively involved, having decision-making authority, and being able to negotiate and deal directly with capital sources. It occurs due to the varying capacity of each individual. Keywords: forest conservation, local community, mangrove","PeriodicalId":17088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87888411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.211
Na-Young Kim
{"title":"State and prospects of medical interpretation in medical institutions in South Korea","authors":"Na-Young Kim","doi":"10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.211","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88644685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.227
Y. Ham
{"title":"A Study on Linguistic reality in A. Sukhovo-Kobylin’s play, «The Death of Tarelkin» - Man facing absurdity -","authors":"Y. Ham","doi":"10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.227","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91178954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.157
Ilona Starý Kořánová
{"title":"Homonymy and Polysemy in Verbal Aspect","authors":"Ilona Starý Kořánová","doi":"10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83391966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.21
K. Chung
{"title":"A Study on The Ethno-Linguistic Situation of the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast’(Province) of Tajikistan","authors":"K. Chung","doi":"10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80877408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.93
Seong Goo Park
{"title":"Russian riddles as a means of forming linguistic and sociocultural competence among foreign students","authors":"Seong Goo Park","doi":"10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.93","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75042518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.183
Yana Ten
{"title":"The formation of phraseological competence with foreign students at the Russian as a foreign language classes (from the experience of teaching phraseological units in a Korean audience)","authors":"Yana Ten","doi":"10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76011305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.129
Hyunok Song
{"title":"Compound Adjectives with Derivational Suffixes in Russian","authors":"Hyunok Song","doi":"10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77464994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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