Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.51
S. A. Shagaeva
{"title":"The Concept MUSIC in a Russian Linguistic Worldview (based on lexicographic sources)","authors":"S. A. Shagaeva","doi":"10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.51","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79688282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.1
Eleonóra Zvalená
{"title":"Vojvodina Slovak Language - A Phenomenon of Traditions and the Present","authors":"Eleonóra Zvalená","doi":"10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75354113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.121
Vladimir Ostojic
{"title":"Repertory of verbal prefixal formations from Montenegro in Vuk’s Rječnik","authors":"Vladimir Ostojic","doi":"10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74597246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.37
Hyunjung Son
{"title":"A Study of numerology on the material of Russian phraseological units with numerals","authors":"Hyunjung Son","doi":"10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30530/JSL.2021.04.26.1.37","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73018553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The criteria for target seedling of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell are at least 90 day s old, with consequences for the length of stay of the seedlings in the nursery. This study must assess the suitability as a target seedling first if it wants to plant the seedlings under 90 days old in the field. The research aimed to evaluate and obtain the regression equation for the seedling ’ s age with the seedling ’ s morphological characters. The shoot seedlings cuttings aged 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after planting in the cocopeat growing medium were assessed. The study was used a survey method with a purposive sampling technique to obtain 60 samples by assess ing the growth and appearance s of the seedling. Furthermore, 15 samples were taken at random to determine the dry weight of the seedlings. Seedlings aged 75 and 90 days indicated the standard criteria as target seedlings for height, diameter, number of leaves, seedling ’ s health, shoot appearance s , and seedling roots. The two seedlings ’ age levels have a sturdiness index of 8.34-9.78; shoot-root ratio 3.9-4.5; and seedling quality index (SQI) 0.22-0.23. Seedling age had a powerful positive correlation with the sturdiness index and SQI ( r = 0.84 and r = 0.96). The regression equation of the sturdiness index is y = 0.048 x + 5.435 ( R 2 = 0.996) and SQI is y = 0.004 x - 0.064 ( R 2 = 0.926). This research implies that 75 and 90 - days seedlings can be considered as one of the criteria for the age of E. pellita shoot cuttings as the target seedling in the SOP of PT. Finnantara Intiga. Keywords: cocopeat, Eucalyptus pellita , Seedling Quality index, shoot cuttings, target seedling
{"title":"Assessment of the Physical Quality of Eucalyptus pellita Seedlings from Shoot Cutting by Age Level","authors":"H. A. Ekamawanti, Lenawati Simanjuntak, A. Muin","doi":"10.23960/JSL29280-290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23960/JSL29280-290","url":null,"abstract":"The criteria for target seedling of Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell are at least 90 day s old, with consequences for the length of stay of the seedlings in the nursery. This study must assess the suitability as a target seedling first if it wants to plant the seedlings under 90 days old in the field. The research aimed to evaluate and obtain the regression equation for the seedling ’ s age with the seedling ’ s morphological characters. The shoot seedlings cuttings aged 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after planting in the cocopeat growing medium were assessed. The study was used a survey method with a purposive sampling technique to obtain 60 samples by assess ing the growth and appearance s of the seedling. Furthermore, 15 samples were taken at random to determine the dry weight of the seedlings. Seedlings aged 75 and 90 days indicated the standard criteria as target seedlings for height, diameter, number of leaves, seedling ’ s health, shoot appearance s , and seedling roots. The two seedlings ’ age levels have a sturdiness index of 8.34-9.78; shoot-root ratio 3.9-4.5; and seedling quality index (SQI) 0.22-0.23. Seedling age had a powerful positive correlation with the sturdiness index and SQI ( r = 0.84 and r = 0.96). The regression equation of the sturdiness index is y = 0.048 x + 5.435 ( R 2 = 0.996) and SQI is y = 0.004 x - 0.064 ( R 2 = 0.926). This research implies that 75 and 90 - days seedlings can be considered as one of the criteria for the age of E. pellita shoot cuttings as the target seedling in the SOP of PT. Finnantara Intiga. Keywords: cocopeat, Eucalyptus pellita , Seedling Quality index, shoot cuttings, target seedling","PeriodicalId":17088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72851249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manggar Arum Aristri, M. A. R. Lubis, R. P. B. Laksana, F. Falah, W. Fatriasari, M. Ismayati, A. P. Wulandari, N. Nurindah, Muhammad Rasyidur Ridho
In this study, technical lignin from black liquor was used as a pre-polymer for the preparation of bio-polyurethane (Bio-PU) resins. Briefly, the isolated lignin was fractionated using ethyl acetate (EtAc) and methanol (MeOH). The liquid fractions of lignin, such as lignin-EtAc (L-EtAc) and lignin-methanol (L-MeOH), were mixed with 10% of polymeric isocyanate (based on the weig ht of liquid fractions) to obtain Bio-PU resins. The isolate d lignin, fractionated lignin, and lignin-derived Bio-PU resins were characterized using several techniques. The obtained Bio-PU resins were then used to modify ramie fibers using vacuum impregnation method. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) revealed that the isolated lignin had quite similar characteristics to the lignin standar d . Fractionation of lignin with EtAc and MeOH altered its characteristics. FTIR, DSC, and TGA showed that solid fractions of lignin had similar characteristics to lignin standard and isolated lignin, while the liquid fractions had characteristics from lignin and the solvents. The absorption band of isocyanate (−N=C=O) groups was shifted to 2285 cm −1 from 2240 cm −1 owing to the reaction with the −OH groups in lignin, forming urethane (R−NH−C=O−R) groups at 1605 cm −1 in Bio-PU resins. Thermal properties of Bio-PU resins derived from L-EtAc exhibited greater endothermic reaction compared to Bio-PU-L-MeOH. As a result, the free −N=C=O groups in Bio-PU resins have reacted with –OH groups on the surface of ramie fibers and improved its thermal properties. Modification of ramie fibers with Bio-PU resins improved the fibers’ thermal stability by 15% using Bio-PU-LEtAc for 60 min of impregnation. Keywords: Bio-polyurethane resins, Impregnation, Lignin fractions, Ramie fibers, Thermal stability
{"title":"Bio-Polyurethane Resins Derived from Liquid Fractions of Lignin for the Modification of Ramie Fibers","authors":"Manggar Arum Aristri, M. A. R. Lubis, R. P. B. Laksana, F. Falah, W. Fatriasari, M. Ismayati, A. P. Wulandari, N. Nurindah, Muhammad Rasyidur Ridho","doi":"10.23960/JSL29223-238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23960/JSL29223-238","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, technical lignin from black liquor was used as a pre-polymer for the preparation of bio-polyurethane (Bio-PU) resins. Briefly, the isolated lignin was fractionated using ethyl acetate (EtAc) and methanol (MeOH). The liquid fractions of lignin, such as lignin-EtAc (L-EtAc) and lignin-methanol (L-MeOH), were mixed with 10% of polymeric isocyanate (based on the weig ht of liquid fractions) to obtain Bio-PU resins. The isolate d lignin, fractionated lignin, and lignin-derived Bio-PU resins were characterized using several techniques. The obtained Bio-PU resins were then used to modify ramie fibers using vacuum impregnation method. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) revealed that the isolated lignin had quite similar characteristics to the lignin standar d . Fractionation of lignin with EtAc and MeOH altered its characteristics. FTIR, DSC, and TGA showed that solid fractions of lignin had similar characteristics to lignin standard and isolated lignin, while the liquid fractions had characteristics from lignin and the solvents. The absorption band of isocyanate (−N=C=O) groups was shifted to 2285 cm −1 from 2240 cm −1 owing to the reaction with the −OH groups in lignin, forming urethane (R−NH−C=O−R) groups at 1605 cm −1 in Bio-PU resins. Thermal properties of Bio-PU resins derived from L-EtAc exhibited greater endothermic reaction compared to Bio-PU-L-MeOH. As a result, the free −N=C=O groups in Bio-PU resins have reacted with –OH groups on the surface of ramie fibers and improved its thermal properties. Modification of ramie fibers with Bio-PU resins improved the fibers’ thermal stability by 15% using Bio-PU-LEtAc for 60 min of impregnation. Keywords: Bio-polyurethane resins, Impregnation, Lignin fractions, Ramie fibers, Thermal stability","PeriodicalId":17088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77547305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sukristiyono Sukristiyono, R. Purwanto, H. Suryatmojo, S. Sumardi
Sungai Wain Protected Forest is one of the conservation areas in Balikpapan City which has an essential role in supporting the life of the city ’ s people . C urrently , its existence is threatened due to the various activities and overlapping interests of stakeholders involved in managing the forest . Therefore, forest management that is supported by these stakeholders is urgently needed. T h is study aimed to identify the stakeholders involved and explain their influences, interests , and roles in Sungai Wain Protected Forest management. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The r espondents were selected using the purposive sampling method, and stakeholder mapping was used to analyze it. The results show ed that the stakeholders classified as key players include the Balikpapan Protected Forest Management Unit (KPHL Balikpapan ), the East Kalimantan Provincial Forestry Office , Pertamina UP V Balikpapan, and the NGO Foundation Pro Natura. Multi - stakeholder management could be an alternative model for managing the Sungai Wain Protected Forest to synchronize stakeholders ’ interests. The KPHL Balikpapan could act as a leading player and become a driving force in the Sungai Wain Protected Forest ’ s management efforts due to their appropriate main duties and functions . Hence, the coordination, communication, and cooperation between stakeholders could be well-formed to achieve the management objectives . Keywords: forest management, multi-stakeholder management, stakeholders, Sungai Wain Protected Forest
Sungai Wain保护区是巴厘巴盘市的保护区之一，在支持城市人民的生活中起着至关重要的作用。C目前，由于参与管理森林的利益相关者的各种活动和重叠的利益，它的存在受到威胁。因此，迫切需要得到这些利益攸关方支持的森林管理。本研究旨在确定相关的利益相关者，并解释他们在双溪湾保护区管理中的影响、利益和作用。通过观察、访谈和问卷调查收集数据。采用目的性抽样法选择受访者，并采用利益相关者映射法进行分析。结果显示，被列为关键参与者的利益相关者包括Balikpapan保护区森林管理单位(KPHL Balikpapan)、东加里曼丹省林业办公室、Pertamina UP V Balikpapan和非政府组织自然基金会。多利益相关者管理可以作为管理双溪湾保护区的另一种模式，以同步利益相关者的利益。KPHL Balikpapan由于其适当的主要职责和职能，可以在双溪湾保护区的管理工作中发挥主导作用，成为推动力量。从而形成利益相关者之间良好的协调、沟通和合作，以实现管理目标。关键词:森林经营，多方利益相关者管理，利益相关者，双溪沟保护林
{"title":"Stakeholder Analysis on Sungai Wain Protected Forest Management in Balikpapan City, East Kalimantan Province","authors":"Sukristiyono Sukristiyono, R. Purwanto, H. Suryatmojo, S. Sumardi","doi":"10.23960/JSL29252-268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23960/JSL29252-268","url":null,"abstract":"Sungai Wain Protected Forest is one of the conservation areas in Balikpapan City which has an essential role in supporting the life of the city ’ s people . C urrently , its existence is threatened due to the various activities and overlapping interests of stakeholders involved in managing the forest . Therefore, forest management that is supported by these stakeholders is urgently needed. T h is study aimed to identify the stakeholders involved and explain their influences, interests , and roles in Sungai Wain Protected Forest management. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and questionnaires. The r espondents were selected using the purposive sampling method, and stakeholder mapping was used to analyze it. The results show ed that the stakeholders classified as key players include the Balikpapan Protected Forest Management Unit (KPHL Balikpapan ), the East Kalimantan Provincial Forestry Office , Pertamina UP V Balikpapan, and the NGO Foundation Pro Natura. Multi - stakeholder management could be an alternative model for managing the Sungai Wain Protected Forest to synchronize stakeholders ’ interests. The KPHL Balikpapan could act as a leading player and become a driving force in the Sungai Wain Protected Forest ’ s management efforts due to their appropriate main duties and functions . Hence, the coordination, communication, and cooperation between stakeholders could be well-formed to achieve the management objectives . Keywords: forest management, multi-stakeholder management, stakeholders, Sungai Wain Protected Forest","PeriodicalId":17088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73192718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Augustina, I. Wahyudi, I. Darmawan, Jamaludin Malik, Y. Kojima, Taiyo Okada, Naoki Okano
C hemical, mechanical, and natural durability properties of three lesser-used wood species from North Kalimantan, namely nyatoh ( Palaquium lanceolatum ), pisang putih ( Mezze t tia leptopoda ), and sepetir ( Sindora wa l lichii ) woods , were analyzed to seek the interrelationships among them and give an overview related to their utilization . T he results showed that pH values of three wood species were categorized into moderate to weak acid levels . The extractive content s in hot and cold water a s well as in NaOH 1% of s epetir wood were higher than those of nyatoh and pisang putih woods. In contrast, the solubility in ethanol-benzene of nyatoh wood was the highe st . The a sh content in the three wood species were categorized into medium level . L ignin contents in sepetir and nyatoh wood s were classified as moderate, while lignin content in pisang putih wood was high. Holocellulose and hemicellulose contents in sepetir wood were higher than those in nyatoh and pisang putih woods, whereas alpha cellulose in sepetir wood was the lowe st . MOE values of the three wood species were classified as strength class of IV ‒ V, while MOR and compression parallel to the grain were classified as strength class of IV. The hardness value of nyatoh wood was higher than that of other woods. The durability of the three wood species was classified into poor (low durable). The relationship between chemical characteristics and mechanical properties of wood was primarily influenced by its major components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) , whereas natural durability was influenced by its minor components (extractives and inorganic materials) . Keywords: lesser-used wood species, mechanical properties, natural durability, parameters interrelationship , wood chemical characteristics
对北加里曼丹3种较少利用的木材树种nyatoh (Palaquium lanceolatum)、pisang putih (Mezze t tia leptopoda)和sepetir (Sindora wa l lichii)的化学、机械和自然耐久性进行了分析，探讨了它们之间的相互关系，并对它们的利用进行了综述。结果表明，3种木材的pH值均为中~弱酸性。在热水、冷水和氢氧化钠中提取物的含量均高于红木和松木。相比之下，木香木在乙醇-苯中的溶解度最高。三种木材的a - sh含量均为中等水平。松木和松木中木质素含量适中，松木中木质素含量较高。总纤维素和半纤维素含量在阔叶树和松木中较高，α纤维素含量在阔叶树和松木中较低。3种木材的MOE值为IV ~ V级强度，MOR值和平行于颗粒的压缩值为IV级强度。nyatoh木材的硬度值高于其他木材。三种木材的耐久性分为差(低耐久性)。木材的化学特性和机械性能之间的关系主要受其主要成分(纤维素、半纤维素和木质素)的影响，而自然耐久性则受其次要成分(萃取物和无机材料)的影响。关键词:少用树种，机械性能，自然耐久性，参数相互关系，木材化学特性
{"title":"Pengaruh Karakteristik Kimia terhadap Sifat Mekanis dan Keawetan Alami Tiga Jenis Kayu Kurang Digunakan (Effect of Chemical Characteristics on Mechanical and Natural Durability Properties of Three Lesser-Used Wood Species)","authors":"S. Augustina, I. Wahyudi, I. Darmawan, Jamaludin Malik, Y. Kojima, Taiyo Okada, Naoki Okano","doi":"10.23960/JSL19161-178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23960/JSL19161-178","url":null,"abstract":"C hemical, mechanical, and natural durability properties of three lesser-used wood species from North Kalimantan, namely nyatoh ( Palaquium lanceolatum ), pisang putih ( Mezze t tia leptopoda ), and sepetir ( Sindora wa l lichii ) woods , were analyzed to seek the interrelationships among them and give an overview related to their utilization . T he results showed that pH values of three wood species were categorized into moderate to weak acid levels . The extractive content s in hot and cold water a s well as in NaOH 1% of s epetir wood were higher than those of nyatoh and pisang putih woods. In contrast, the solubility in ethanol-benzene of nyatoh wood was the highe st . The a sh content in the three wood species were categorized into medium level . L ignin contents in sepetir and nyatoh wood s were classified as moderate, while lignin content in pisang putih wood was high. Holocellulose and hemicellulose contents in sepetir wood were higher than those in nyatoh and pisang putih woods, whereas alpha cellulose in sepetir wood was the lowe st . MOE values of the three wood species were classified as strength class of IV ‒ V, while MOR and compression parallel to the grain were classified as strength class of IV. The hardness value of nyatoh wood was higher than that of other woods. The durability of the three wood species was classified into poor (low durable). The relationship between chemical characteristics and mechanical properties of wood was primarily influenced by its major components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) , whereas natural durability was influenced by its minor components (extractives and inorganic materials) . Keywords: lesser-used wood species, mechanical properties, natural durability, parameters interrelationship , wood chemical characteristics","PeriodicalId":17088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87134973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research aim ed to determine drying characteristics, developing drying schedule, and its relationship to the axial position of the sample on the stem , board thickness, specific gravity, and percentage of heartwood. This research used c emara gunung ( Casuarina junghuhniana Miq.) as samples with 6 rep lications and 2 factors that are the axial location (bottom, middle, and top) and board thickness (2 cm , 3 cm , and 4 cm). T he drying schedule development followed the Terazawa Method, in which the samples were dried within a temperature of 100°C for 72 h. The proper schedule was then applied and evaluated. The research obtained 11 variations of the drying schedule. The chi-square analysis results indicated that the board thickness and percentage of heartwood were significantly correlated with the development of the drying schedule. The d rying schedule using board thickness of 2 cm, 3 cm, and 4 cm can be dried with an initial temperature of 60°C, 50°C, and 47°C , respectively. The w et-bulb depression was 4 °C , 2°C, and 2°C, respectively, and the final temperature was 90°C, 80°C , and 65°C, respectively . Keywords: axial, board-thickness, Casuarina junghuhniana , drying-schedule, Terazawa method
{"title":"Hubungan Letak Aksial dan Variasi Ketebalan Papan terhadap Penyusunan Skedul Pengeringan Kayu Cemara Gunung (Casuarina Junghuhniana Miq.) (Relationship Between Axial Location and Board Thickness Variation on the Development of Drying Schedule of Cemara Gunung (Casuarina Junghuhniana Miq.))","authors":"Hanan Purana Putera, T. Listyanto","doi":"10.23960/JSL19121-137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23960/JSL19121-137","url":null,"abstract":"The research aim ed to determine drying characteristics, developing drying schedule, and its relationship to the axial position of the sample on the stem , board thickness, specific gravity, and percentage of heartwood. This research used c emara gunung ( Casuarina junghuhniana Miq.) as samples with 6 rep lications and 2 factors that are the axial location (bottom, middle, and top) and board thickness (2 cm , 3 cm , and 4 cm). T he drying schedule development followed the Terazawa Method, in which the samples were dried within a temperature of 100°C for 72 h. The proper schedule was then applied and evaluated. The research obtained 11 variations of the drying schedule. The chi-square analysis results indicated that the board thickness and percentage of heartwood were significantly correlated with the development of the drying schedule. The d rying schedule using board thickness of 2 cm, 3 cm, and 4 cm can be dried with an initial temperature of 60°C, 50°C, and 47°C , respectively. The w et-bulb depression was 4 °C , 2°C, and 2°C, respectively, and the final temperature was 90°C, 80°C , and 65°C, respectively . Keywords: axial, board-thickness, Casuarina junghuhniana , drying-schedule, Terazawa method","PeriodicalId":17088,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Symbolic Logic","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88725301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ismayati, D. Zulfiana, S. Himmi, D. Tarmadi, D. Meisyara, A. Zulfitri, T. Kartika
Investigating beneficial chemical compounds of plant extracts is one of the ways to prevent biodiversity loss. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of indigenous plant extracts from Toba , North Sumatra, and Mt. Merapi National Park regions against Escherichia coli , Bacillus subtilis , Salmone l la typ h i , Staphylococcus aureus , Candida albicans , and Candida tropicalis by calculating the zone of microbial growth inhibition. Among the plant extracts, T 5 that identified as Toona sinensis showed the highest microbial inhibit ion to the growth of C. albicans , B. subtilis , S. typhi, and E. coli with the diameter growth of approximately 2.00, 1.80, 1.33, and 1.33 cm, respectively. Based on those results, T. sinensis was then subsequently fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol , respectively. The resulted fractions also were evaluated for antimicrobial bioassay. A ll fractions have shown activity in inhibiting the growth of the microbes at 1% concentration. However, each fraction show ed growth inhibition against certain microbe s . The n-hexane fraction show ed the greatest inhibitory activity for E. coli and S. typhi ; ethyl acetate fraction for B. subtilis and C. albicans ; and methanol fraction for E. coli and S. typhi . The results revealed that T. sinensis plant extract has great potential as an antimicrobial agent . Further investigation is needed to observe the mode of anti microbial action of fractionated crude extracts of T . Sinensis . The exploring potency of Indonesian biodiversity opened up a new way for the utilization of plants for economic development and conservation . Keywords: antimicrobial plants, indigenous knowledge, Toba-North Sumatra, Mt. Merapi
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