A. Suyanto, Agnes Tutik, Purwani Irianti, Setiawan
The production and harvest areas of tomatoes in West Kalimantan tend to decrease. One of the cultivation techniques that is expected to increase the yield and quality of the plant is by using organic fertilizers. The study objective was to determine the effects of interactions between cellulolytic fungi and biofertilizer doses on the growth and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in alluvial soils. A completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial patterns was applied in the research. The first factor which was cellulolytic fungi in biofertilizers (J) included: J0 (organic fertilizer without decomposer), J1 (organic fertilizer with Aspergillus sp.), J2 (organic fertilizer with Trichoderma spp.), and J3 (organic fertilizer with Aspergillus sp. and Trichoderma spp.). The second factor that was of biofertilizer doses (D) consisted of: D1 (25 g / polybag), D2 (50 g / polybag), D3 (75 g / polybag), and D4 (100 g / polybag). The results showed no significant difference between the cellulolytic fungi and biofertilizer doses on all observation variables (p > 0.05). There was no significant main effect of cellulolytic fungus type on all observation variables, while the treatment of biofertilizer doses had a significant effect on plant height, total leaf number per plant, fruit number per plant, and fruit weight per plant. The J3D4 treatment gave the best results on the plant height (97.67 cm) and the leaf number (18.17 strands), while the J2D4 treatment gave the best results on the fruit number per plant (3.31 fruits), and the fruit weight per plant (13.32 g). The addition of cellulolytic fungi to biofertilizers at a dose of 100 g / polybag can increase growth and yield on tomatoes in alluvial soil.
西加里曼丹的番茄生产和收获面积呈减少趋势。有望提高这种植物产量和质量的栽培技术之一是使用有机肥。研究目的是确定纤维素降解真菌与生物肥料用量相互作用对冲积土壤中番茄生长和产量的影响。本研究采用全随机设计(CRD)和因子模式。生物肥料(J)中纤维素分解真菌的第一个因子包括:J0(不含分解剂的有机肥)、J1(含曲霉的有机肥)、J2(含木霉的有机肥)和J3(含曲霉和木霉的有机肥)。第二个因子是生物肥料用量(D)，包括D1 (25 g /塑料袋)、D2 (50 g /塑料袋)、D3 (75 g /塑料袋)和D4 (100 g /塑料袋)。结果表明，在所有观察变量上，纤维素分解真菌与生物肥料用量无显著差异(p < 0.05)。纤维素解菌类型对各观测变量均无显著主效应，而生物肥料用量处理对株高、单株总叶数、单株果数和单株果重均有显著影响。J3D4处理在番茄株高(97.67 cm)和叶数(18.17株)上取得最佳效果，而J2D4处理在单株果数(3.31个)和单株果重(13.32 g)上取得最佳效果。在冲积土壤中，在生物肥料中添加100 g /塑料袋的纤维素水解真菌可以促进番茄的生长和产量。
{"title":"Effects of Cellulolytic Fungi and Biofertilizer Doses on the Growth and Yield of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Alluvial Soil","authors":"A. Suyanto, Agnes Tutik, Purwani Irianti, Setiawan","doi":"10.24191/jsst.v3i1.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jsst.v3i1.36","url":null,"abstract":"The production and harvest areas of tomatoes in West Kalimantan tend to decrease. One of the cultivation techniques that is expected to increase the yield and quality of the plant is by using organic fertilizers. The study objective was to determine the effects of interactions between cellulolytic fungi and biofertilizer doses on the growth and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in alluvial soils. A completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial patterns was applied in the research. The first factor which was cellulolytic fungi in biofertilizers (J) included: J0 (organic fertilizer without decomposer), J1 (organic fertilizer with Aspergillus sp.), J2 (organic fertilizer with Trichoderma spp.), and J3 (organic fertilizer with Aspergillus sp. and Trichoderma spp.). The second factor that was of biofertilizer doses (D) consisted of: D1 (25 g / polybag), D2 (50 g / polybag), D3 (75 g / polybag), and D4 (100 g / polybag). The results showed no significant difference between the cellulolytic fungi and biofertilizer doses on all observation variables (p > 0.05). There was no significant main effect of cellulolytic fungus type on all observation variables, while the treatment of biofertilizer doses had a significant effect on plant height, total leaf number per plant, fruit number per plant, and fruit weight per plant. The J3D4 treatment gave the best results on the plant height (97.67 cm) and the leaf number (18.17 strands), while the J2D4 treatment gave the best results on the fruit number per plant (3.31 fruits), and the fruit weight per plant (13.32 g). The addition of cellulolytic fungi to biofertilizers at a dose of 100 g / polybag can increase growth and yield on tomatoes in alluvial soil.","PeriodicalId":17117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smart Science and Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82027537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trinidad Lake Asphalt (TLA) is a source of superior quality asphalt and is often specified as a mandatory ingredient for paving in high-demand applications. The TLA resource is limited and expensive and the ability to synthetically convert refinery petroleum bitumen such as Trinidad Petroleum Bitumen (TPB) into a TLA-like material would be a very profitable and more sustainable approach. The objective of this paper is to determine whether kaolinitic clay and asphaltenes when blended with TPB can improve its rheological properties and produce a TLA-like material. Studies were conducted using dynamic (oscillatory) shear rheology (DSR) to measure changes on the rheological properties of complex modulus, degree of stiffness, G*, and phase angle, degree of elasticity, δ, of blends. Although the addition of kaolinite to TPB resulted in changes to the rheological properties (G* and δ) of the blends to values closer in magnitude to TLA, the properties of TLA were not achieved. Removal of the inorganic kaolinitic component from TLA resulted in a significant decrease in the complex modulus and an increase in the phase angle to values close to TPB (δ equal to 89.6 for TLA and δ equal to 89.1), demonstrating the key role played by the kaolinitic clay in the rheological properties of TLA. The addition of Valencia clay and asphaltenes to TPB clearly showed that in tandem, they play a significant rheological role in the TPB blends as it was possible to produce blends with similar or even better rheological properties compared to pure TLA. The TPB blend containing 30% Valencia clay and 30% asphaltenes exhibited a G* higher than that of TLA and a δ that was marginally less than that of TLA. This study also demonstrated the ability to create customized TPB blends to suit special applications by manipulating the kaolinitic clay and asphaltenes content.
{"title":"The Effect of the Kaolinitic Clay and Asphaltenes on the Rheological Properties of Trinidad Lake Asphalt and Trinidad Petroleum Bitumen-Clay Composites","authors":"R. Maharaj","doi":"10.24191/jsst.v3i1.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jsst.v3i1.40","url":null,"abstract":"Trinidad Lake Asphalt (TLA) is a source of superior quality asphalt and is often specified as a mandatory ingredient for paving in high-demand applications. The TLA resource is limited and expensive and the ability to synthetically convert refinery petroleum bitumen such as Trinidad Petroleum Bitumen (TPB) into a TLA-like material would be a very profitable and more sustainable approach. The objective of this paper is to determine whether kaolinitic clay and asphaltenes when blended with TPB can improve its rheological properties and produce a TLA-like material. Studies were conducted using dynamic (oscillatory) shear rheology (DSR) to measure changes on the rheological properties of complex modulus, degree of stiffness, G*, and phase angle, degree of elasticity, δ, of blends.\u0000Although the addition of kaolinite to TPB resulted in changes to the rheological properties (G* and δ) of the blends to values closer in magnitude to TLA, the properties of TLA were not achieved. Removal of the inorganic kaolinitic component from TLA resulted in a significant decrease in the complex modulus and an increase in the phase angle to values close to TPB (δ equal to 89.6 for TLA and δ equal to 89.1), demonstrating the key role played by the kaolinitic clay in the rheological properties of TLA. The addition of Valencia clay and asphaltenes to TPB clearly showed that in tandem, they play a significant rheological role in the TPB blends as it was possible to produce blends with similar or even better rheological properties compared to pure TLA. The TPB blend containing 30% Valencia clay and 30% asphaltenes exhibited a G* higher than that of TLA and a δ that was marginally less than that of TLA. This study also demonstrated the ability to create customized TPB blends to suit special applications by manipulating the kaolinitic clay and asphaltenes content.","PeriodicalId":17117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smart Science and Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90511982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Shuid, M. F. Mohd Miswan, Xue-bin Zhan, W. Yuan, Haifeng Yuan
This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of the autologous vertebral-filled polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with instrumentation (ACDFI). The clinical data of 368 patients who received ACDFI from September 2012 to September 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the material that filled PEEK cage during the surgery, the patients were divided into two groups, the autologous vertebrate group (n equal to 185) and the autologous iliac group (n equal to 183). The operative time, operative blood loss, postoperative complications in the two groups were recorded and analyzed. The bone graft fusion and postoperative functional outcomes, including scores of modified Japanese Orthopedic Association score (mJOA), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were compared. Patients were followed-up for 14.04 ± 0.98 months. At 6-months follow-up, the rate of spinal fusion was 96.29% (178/185) in the vertebral group and 95.94% (176/183) in the iliac group, with no significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). The postoperative VAS, mJOA, and NDI scores were also not significantly different between two groups during the follow-up (p > 0.05). The operative time and blood loss in the vertebral group were significantly less than that of the iliac group (p < 0.01). All patients in the iliac group suffered pain at the iliac donor site, 65 patients suffered numbness, 12 patients had fat liquefaction at donor incision. Meanwhile, all the patients in the vertebral group had no postoperative complications. This study concluded that the autologous vertebrae-filled PEEK cage could achieve the same clinical outcome as the autologous iliac, but have the advantages of shorter operative time, less intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative complications.
{"title":"Clinical Efficacy of Autogenous Vertebrae-Filled PEEK Cage in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with Instrumentation","authors":"A. Shuid, M. F. Mohd Miswan, Xue-bin Zhan, W. Yuan, Haifeng Yuan","doi":"10.24191/jsst.v3i1.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jsst.v3i1.41","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of the autologous vertebral-filled polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with instrumentation (ACDFI). The clinical data of 368 patients who received ACDFI from September 2012 to September 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the material that filled PEEK cage during the surgery, the patients were divided into two groups, the autologous vertebrate group (n equal to 185) and the autologous iliac group (n equal to 183). The operative time, operative blood loss, postoperative complications in the two groups were recorded and analyzed. The bone graft fusion and postoperative functional outcomes, including scores of modified Japanese Orthopedic Association score (mJOA), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were compared. Patients were followed-up for 14.04 ± 0.98 months. At 6-months follow-up, the rate of spinal fusion was 96.29% (178/185) in the vertebral group and 95.94% (176/183) in the iliac group, with no significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). The postoperative VAS, mJOA, and NDI scores were also not significantly different between two groups during the follow-up (p > 0.05). The operative time and blood loss in the vertebral group were significantly less than that of the iliac group (p < 0.01). All patients in the iliac group suffered pain at the iliac donor site, 65 patients suffered numbness, 12 patients had fat liquefaction at donor incision. Meanwhile, all the patients in the vertebral group had no postoperative complications. This study concluded that the autologous vertebrae-filled PEEK cage could achieve the same clinical outcome as the autologous iliac, but have the advantages of shorter operative time, less intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative complications.","PeriodicalId":17117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smart Science and Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75071364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chin-Ying Liew, Nor Shamira Sabri, B. H. Hong, J. Labadin
Mathematical modeling of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) mainly focuses on compartmental modeling approaches. It classifies human population into compartments and assumes homogeneity that regards every human has equal chance of contacting other individuals in the population. However, the transmission of HFMD is complicated and dynamic with the interactions of the intertwined biomedical and social factors. Describing the disease transmission dynamic that involves high-dimensional space is mathematically challenging. The graph theoretic bipartite network modeling (BNM) approach has the potential to handle this challenge by abstracting the real-world disease transmission system and incorporating the individual features of the bipartite nodes. This study aims to seize the advantages portrayed by the BNM approach in capturing the heterogeneous features of the entities within a disease transmission system. It intends to explore adopting the BNM approach in modeling the transmission of HFMD at Kuching, Malaysia and identify the hotspot by employing the BNM approach comprising a four-stage methodology adapted from the BNM methodology framework. The bipartite HFMD contact (BHC) network is formulated with the basic building block consisting of the location and human nodes. The individual parameters of the location and human node are incorporated. The resulting BHC network formulated comprises 10 human nodes, 20 location nodes, and 23 edges. Then, six top-ranked location nodes were identified and agreed with the chosen benchmark system. The potential HFMD hotspots are thus identified by determining the location nodes ranking. The result from this study has enabled timely and effective measures and policies to be customized accordingly by the public health authorities and related policymakers.
{"title":"Exploring Bipartite Network Approach in Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease Hotspot Identification","authors":"Chin-Ying Liew, Nor Shamira Sabri, B. H. Hong, J. Labadin","doi":"10.24191/jsst.v3i1.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jsst.v3i1.39","url":null,"abstract":"Mathematical modeling of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) mainly focuses on compartmental modeling approaches. It classifies human population into compartments and assumes homogeneity that regards every human has equal chance of contacting other individuals in the population. However, the transmission of HFMD is complicated and dynamic with the interactions of the intertwined biomedical and social factors. Describing the disease transmission dynamic that involves high-dimensional space is mathematically challenging. The graph theoretic bipartite network modeling (BNM) approach has the potential to handle this challenge by abstracting the real-world disease transmission system and incorporating the individual features of the bipartite nodes. This study aims to seize the advantages portrayed by the BNM approach in capturing the heterogeneous features of the entities within a disease transmission system. It intends to explore adopting the BNM approach in modeling the transmission of HFMD at Kuching, Malaysia and identify the hotspot by employing the BNM approach comprising a four-stage methodology adapted from the BNM methodology framework. The bipartite HFMD contact (BHC) network is formulated with the basic building block consisting of the location and human nodes. The individual parameters of the location and human node are incorporated. The resulting BHC network formulated comprises 10 human nodes, 20 location nodes, and 23 edges. Then, six top-ranked location nodes were identified and agreed with the chosen benchmark system. The potential HFMD hotspots are thus identified by determining the location nodes ranking. The result from this study has enabled timely and effective measures and policies to be customized accordingly by the public health authorities and related policymakers.","PeriodicalId":17117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smart Science and Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85261445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trunkline gas network system from Gas Compressor Station (GCS) B to GS.B -GS.B5 total distance of ±18 km. Distance GS.B4-GS.B5 is 9400 m. Gas is the main fuel for engines at gathering stations. A deadlock was found on the GS.B4–GS.B5 pipeline. The solution to this problem is to plan a pipeline between GS.B4–GS.B5 for optimal gas supply. This study conducts an economic analysis of the planning of pipe construction with the same trunkline diameter. Selection of diameter by looking at the effect of pressure drop and erosional velocity using the Pipesim. Then take a problem solving approach by building a system using a pig launcher. Based on the research results, in the existing conditions with a distance of 9400 m using a diameter of 6 and 4 inches there is a high pressure drop. Scenario planning minimizes pressure drop by using equal diameter pipes between 4,6 and 8 inches. The analysis results show that the selected diameter is 6 inches. Pig launcher is designed with safe specs and design. Calculation of the project's economic indicators with an investment of 505,911 US$ M and an oil price of 62.38 US$/bbl. Calculation results obtained NPV @12%= 6,022 US$M, IRR= 495%, POT= 0.19 years, PI= 12.90. Sensitivity analysis by changing assumptions 85%, 115% of the basic assumptions, showed the lowest NPV= 4,725 US$M, the lowest IRR= 393%. Based on the results, this project is profitable and feasible to be developed from an economic perspective.
{"title":"Analysis of Development Planning of Own Use Gas Pipeline from Gas Compressor Stations to Gathering Stations in X Field","authors":"Muhammad Ariyon, Muhammad Setriya Ramadhan","doi":"10.24191/jsst.v3i1.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jsst.v3i1.45","url":null,"abstract":"Trunkline gas network system from Gas Compressor Station (GCS) B to GS.B -GS.B5 total distance of ±18 km. Distance GS.B4-GS.B5 is 9400 m. Gas is the main fuel for engines at gathering stations. A deadlock was found on the GS.B4–GS.B5 pipeline. The solution to this problem is to plan a pipeline between GS.B4–GS.B5 for optimal gas supply. This study conducts an economic analysis of the planning of pipe construction with the same trunkline diameter. Selection of diameter by looking at the effect of pressure drop and erosional velocity using the Pipesim. Then take a problem solving approach by building a system using a pig launcher. Based on the research results, in the existing conditions with a distance of 9400 m using a diameter of 6 and 4 inches there is a high pressure drop. Scenario planning minimizes pressure drop by using equal diameter pipes between 4,6 and 8 inches. The analysis results show that the selected diameter is 6 inches. Pig launcher is designed with safe specs and design. Calculation of the project's economic indicators with an investment of 505,911 US$ M and an oil price of 62.38 US$/bbl. Calculation results obtained NPV @12%= 6,022 US$M, IRR= 495%, POT= 0.19 years, PI= 12.90. Sensitivity analysis by changing assumptions 85%, 115% of the basic assumptions, showed the lowest NPV= 4,725 US$M, the lowest IRR= 393%. Based on the results, this project is profitable and feasible to be developed from an economic perspective.","PeriodicalId":17117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smart Science and Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83834270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Visual target tracking is an important research element in the field of computer vision. The applications are very wide. In terms of the computer vision field, deep learning has achieved remarkable results. It has broken through many complex problems that are difficult to be solved by traditional algorithms. Therefore, reviewing the visual target tracking algorithms based on deep learning from different perspectives is important. This paper closely follows the tracking framework of target tracking algorithms and discusses in detail the traditional visual target tracking methods, the mainstream single target tracking algorithms based on correlation filtering, and the video single target tracking algorithms based on deep learning. Experiments were conducted on OTB100 and VOT2018 benchmark datasets, and the experimental data obtained were analysed to derive two visual single-target tracking algorithms with optimal tracking performance. Finally, the future development of tracking algorithms is envisioned.
{"title":"Performance of Correlational Filtering and Deep Learning Based Single Target Tracking Algorithms","authors":"ZhongMing Liao, Azlan B. Ismail","doi":"10.24191/jsst.v3i1.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jsst.v3i1.42","url":null,"abstract":"Visual target tracking is an important research element in the field of computer vision. The applications are very wide. In terms of the computer vision field, deep learning has achieved remarkable results. It has broken through many complex problems that are difficult to be solved by traditional algorithms. Therefore, reviewing the visual target tracking algorithms based on deep learning from different perspectives is important. This paper closely follows the tracking framework of target tracking algorithms and discusses in detail the traditional visual target tracking methods, the mainstream single target tracking algorithms based on correlation filtering, and the video single target tracking algorithms based on deep learning. Experiments were conducted on OTB100 and VOT2018 benchmark datasets, and the experimental data obtained were analysed to derive two visual single-target tracking algorithms with optimal tracking performance. Finally, the future development of tracking algorithms is envisioned.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smart Science and Technology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89810549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable energy investments are increasing in countries that want to reduce their dependence on foreign energy and prevent damage to nature. As the request for green vitality generation is emerging, specialists over the globe have been attempting to generate power with better approaches. Rainwater harvesting can also be a non-conventional energy source, just like wind and solar energy. Generating energy, even on a small scale, can reduce environmentally harmful and costly methods of energy production. Various endeavours have been made so far to generate electricity using rain, one of the world's most abundant resources; however, this may be one of the most compelling studies. The goal of this study is to provide electricity from rainwater in areas with a lot of rainfall but minimal electricity. In terms of power generated, raindrops will never be able to compete with a hydroelectric power station. However, they have one significant advantage – they are free. With the increasing energy prices and developing new technology, the commercial use of rain energy does not seem far away. Energy generated from solar cells and a pump power-stormwater system reduced variable electricity costs by $ 572. In the energy storage dimension represented by a pumped stormwater reservoir in the study, the economic benefit potential is very low. Minimizing operating costs, maximizing storage capacity and efficiencies, as well as filling and unloading times of approximately one hour are recommended.
{"title":"Simulation of a Pumped Stormwater System and Evaluation of the Solar Potential for Pumping","authors":"H. Coban","doi":"10.24191/jsst.v3i1.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jsst.v3i1.43","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy investments are increasing in countries that want to reduce their dependence on foreign energy and prevent damage to nature. As the request for green vitality generation is emerging, specialists over the globe have been attempting to generate power with better approaches. Rainwater harvesting can also be a non-conventional energy source, just like wind and solar energy. Generating energy, even on a small scale, can reduce environmentally harmful and costly methods of energy production. Various endeavours have been made so far to generate electricity using rain, one of the world's most abundant resources; however, this may be one of the most compelling studies. The goal of this study is to provide electricity from rainwater in areas with a lot of rainfall but minimal electricity. In terms of power generated, raindrops will never be able to compete with a hydroelectric power station. However, they have one significant advantage – they are free. With the increasing energy prices and developing new technology, the commercial use of rain energy does not seem far away. Energy generated from solar cells and a pump power-stormwater system reduced variable electricity costs by $ 572. In the energy storage dimension represented by a pumped stormwater reservoir in the study, the economic benefit potential is very low. Minimizing operating costs, maximizing storage capacity and efficiencies, as well as filling and unloading times of approximately one hour are recommended.","PeriodicalId":17117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smart Science and Technology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76008679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wind energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources whose technology and use have shown the fastest development and the economy has become competitive with fossil-based energy sources. To assess the potential of wind energy as a source of electricity generation, this paper uses the Weibull probability density function for three sites. Five wind turbines are considered for the study. The standard method is used to determine the values of the Weibull parameters. The average wind speed was measured and collected at the General Directorate of National Meteorology at 10 m altitudes. The results obtained show that the turbine capacity factor for three sites ranges from 0.03% to 6.47% (Enercon-70); 0.09% to 13.50% (Enercon-82); 0.04% to 9.27% (Nordex N90); 0.03% to 9.87% (Nordex S77) and 0.07% to 11.63% (Vestas V90-20). The present cost value (PVC) calculation technique economically evaluates the five wind turbines. The Enercon‑82 wind turbine has a capacity factor of up to 13.5% with a cost of USD 23.09, while Enercon-70 has a lower factor of 6.47% with a cost of USD 496,393. Considering its capacity factor and annual energy generation of up to 3,000 TWh, therefore the Enercon-82 wind turbine could be recommended for the three cities in Chad.
{"title":"Determination of Feasibility Analysis of Wind Turbines Using Weibull Parameter for Chad","authors":"Marcel Hamda Souloukngaa, H. Coban","doi":"10.24191/jsst.v2i2.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jsst.v2i2.33","url":null,"abstract":"Wind energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources whose technology and use have shown the fastest development and the economy has become competitive with fossil-based energy sources. To assess the potential of wind energy as a source of electricity generation, this paper uses the Weibull probability density function for three sites. Five wind turbines are considered for the study. The standard method is used to determine the values of the Weibull parameters. The average wind speed was measured and collected at the General Directorate of National Meteorology at 10 m altitudes. The results obtained show that the turbine capacity factor for three sites ranges from 0.03% to 6.47% (Enercon-70); 0.09% to 13.50% (Enercon-82); 0.04% to 9.27% (Nordex N90); 0.03% to 9.87% (Nordex S77) and 0.07% to 11.63% (Vestas V90-20). The present cost value (PVC) calculation technique economically evaluates the five wind turbines. The Enercon‑82 wind turbine has a capacity factor of up to 13.5% with a cost of USD 23.09, while Enercon-70 has a lower factor of 6.47% with a cost of USD 496,393. Considering its capacity factor and annual energy generation of up to 3,000 TWh, therefore the Enercon-82 wind turbine could be recommended for the three cities in Chad.","PeriodicalId":17117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smart Science and Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83467842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thanuja Rathakrishnan, Chubashini Suntharalingamb, Lim Yi Shern, Loong Shih Keng, Lee Hai Yen, Tee Keng Kok, Sathis Sri Thanarajoo, S. K. Balasundram
Adoption of Sustainable Agricultural Practices (SAP) among smallholder dairy farmers in developing countries, especially within the Asia Pacific region remains low. This is probably attributable to the fact that psycho-social factors are not considered during the adoption process. The current study was carried out in order to increase the adoption of SAP in Malaysia, by investigating psycho-social factors among dairy farmers. It adopted the enhanced Theory of Planned Behaviour to investigate smallholder dairy farmers’ intention to uptake SAP in Malaysia. This study applied the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to model how psycho-social factors influence farmers’ SAP adoption decisions. A key finding of this study was that farmers who are equipped with the right attitude and belief have the ability to adopt SAP and are inclined to adopt SAP in their farms. Hence, it was proposed that a holistic approach is recommended towards formulating policies and drawing intervention strategies that focus on the farmers’ needs and abilities. This would motivate farmers to make choices that would lead to a change of behaviour towards adopting SAP. Additionally, the producer-led approach adopted in this study provided insights into smallholder dairy farmers’ beliefs and behaviour.
{"title":"Adoption of Sustainable Agricultural Practices Among Smallholder Dairy Farmers in Malaysia: Contributing Factors and Smart Farming Prospects","authors":"Thanuja Rathakrishnan, Chubashini Suntharalingamb, Lim Yi Shern, Loong Shih Keng, Lee Hai Yen, Tee Keng Kok, Sathis Sri Thanarajoo, S. K. Balasundram","doi":"10.24191/jsst.v2i2.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jsst.v2i2.34","url":null,"abstract":"Adoption of Sustainable Agricultural Practices (SAP) among smallholder dairy farmers in developing countries, especially within the Asia Pacific region remains low. This is probably attributable to the fact that psycho-social factors are not considered during the adoption process. The current study was carried out in order to increase the adoption of SAP in Malaysia, by investigating psycho-social factors among dairy farmers. It adopted the enhanced Theory of Planned Behaviour to investigate smallholder dairy farmers’ intention to uptake SAP in Malaysia. This study applied the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to model how psycho-social factors influence farmers’ SAP adoption decisions. A key finding of this study was that farmers who are equipped with the right attitude and belief have the ability to adopt SAP and are inclined to adopt SAP in their farms. Hence, it was proposed that a holistic approach is recommended towards formulating policies and drawing intervention strategies that focus on the farmers’ needs and abilities. This would motivate farmers to make choices that would lead to a change of behaviour towards adopting SAP. Additionally, the producer-led approach adopted in this study provided insights into smallholder dairy farmers’ beliefs and behaviour. ","PeriodicalId":17117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smart Science and Technology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85537297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Mohamad, S.S. Abdul Gani, R. Abdul Wahab, W. Darham
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (H. sabdariffa, roselle; Malvaceae) has traditionally been used as food, in herbal drinks, hot and cold beverages, as a flavoring agent in the food industry and as herbal medicine. The effect of solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol) on extraction yield, antioxidant capacity and polyphenol content were studied. The antioxidant capacities of the H. sabdariffa extracts were evaluated using a ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and the free-radical scavenging capacity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. The polyphenols from H. sabdariffa extracts were determined by total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The ethanol extract showed the highest extraction yield (38.39 ± 0.29%) and total antioxidant activity: DPPH (73.96 ± 0.7%) and FRAP (72.93 ± 2.4 mmol Fe2+ g−1). The same extract also exhibited the highest phenolic content (312.25 ± 0.17 mg gallic acid equivalent g−1). Meanwhile, for flavonoid content, the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts shared the same amount, at 6.29 ± 0.35 mg quercetin equivalent g−1. High antioxidant capacity was significantly correlated with high phenolic content. This study suggests that ethanolic extracts of H. sabdariffa can be used as good sources of natural antioxidants for health benefits.
{"title":"Natural Antioxidant from Hibiscus Sabdariffa Extract: Assessments on Extraction Yield, Antioxidant Capacity and Total Polyphenol Content of Different Polarities of Solvent Extracts","authors":"N. Mohamad, S.S. Abdul Gani, R. Abdul Wahab, W. Darham","doi":"10.24191/jsst.v2i2.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jsst.v2i2.27","url":null,"abstract":"Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (H. sabdariffa, roselle; Malvaceae) has traditionally been used as food, in herbal drinks, hot and cold beverages, as a flavoring agent in the food industry and as herbal medicine. The effect of solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol) on extraction yield, antioxidant capacity and polyphenol content were studied. The antioxidant capacities of the H. sabdariffa extracts were evaluated using a ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and the free-radical scavenging capacity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. The polyphenols from H. sabdariffa extracts were determined by total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The ethanol extract showed the highest extraction yield (38.39 ± 0.29%) and total antioxidant activity: DPPH (73.96 ± 0.7%) and FRAP (72.93 ± 2.4 mmol Fe2+ g−1). The same extract also exhibited the highest phenolic content (312.25 ± 0.17 mg gallic acid equivalent g−1). Meanwhile, for flavonoid content, the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts shared the same amount, at 6.29 ± 0.35 mg quercetin equivalent g−1. High antioxidant capacity was significantly correlated with high phenolic content. This study suggests that ethanolic extracts of H. sabdariffa can be used as good sources of natural antioxidants for health benefits.","PeriodicalId":17117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smart Science and Technology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81081583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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