Mareme leaves (Glochidion arborescens Blume) is a plant that has potential as an antidiabetic agent. A previous study reported that ethanol extract of Mareme leaves exhibits active inhibitory activities of α-amylase enzyme. This study aimed to determine the α-amylase enzyme inhibitory activities of fraction and isolate from Mareme leaves. The ethanol extract of Mareme leaves was fractionated by using vacuum liquid chromatography. Then, it was isolated and purified using a chromatotron, a radial chromatographic method. The fraction and isolate were assayed for α-amylase enzyme inhibitory activities. The result indicated that Mareme leaves could inhibit an active α-amylase enzyme inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 28.262 ppm. Mareme leaves isolate has a very active inhibition (IC50 value = 21.024 ppm) comparable with acarbose, a positive control (IC50 value = 19.486 ppm). In addition, the statistical analysis using the t-test also resulted in a significant difference in average inhibition of α-amylase enzyme between fraction and isolate of Mareme leaves. The study concludes that the fraction and isolate of Mareme leaves are potential inhibitors of α-amylase enzyme in reducing calorie intake. As such, this plant extract has been proven that it could be a potential antidiabetic or anti-obesity agent to prevent or treat chronic diseases.
{"title":"The inhibitory effect of α-amylase enzyme from fraction and isolate of mareme leaves (Glochidion arborescens Blume.)","authors":"Niati Ambarsari, Haryoto","doi":"10.24191/jsst.v2i2.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jsst.v2i2.31","url":null,"abstract":"Mareme leaves (Glochidion arborescens Blume) is a plant that has potential as an antidiabetic agent. A previous study reported that ethanol extract of Mareme leaves exhibits active inhibitory activities of α-amylase enzyme. This study aimed to determine the α-amylase enzyme inhibitory activities of fraction and isolate from Mareme leaves. The ethanol extract of Mareme leaves was fractionated by using vacuum liquid chromatography. Then, it was isolated and purified using a chromatotron, a radial chromatographic method. The fraction and isolate were assayed for α-amylase enzyme inhibitory activities. The result indicated that Mareme leaves could inhibit an active α-amylase enzyme inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 28.262 ppm. Mareme leaves isolate has a very active inhibition (IC50 value = 21.024 ppm) comparable with acarbose, a positive control (IC50 value = 19.486 ppm). In addition, the statistical analysis using the t-test also resulted in a significant difference in average inhibition of α-amylase enzyme between fraction and isolate of Mareme leaves. The study concludes that the fraction and isolate of Mareme leaves are potential inhibitors of α-amylase enzyme in reducing calorie intake. As such, this plant extract has been proven that it could be a potential antidiabetic or anti-obesity agent to prevent or treat chronic diseases.","PeriodicalId":17117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smart Science and Technology","volume":"1263 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86487535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irma Hanie Ibrahim, Sharifah Fitrah Tuanku Karim, N. A. A. Ismail, S. Z. H. Syed Jamaludin
Building Information Modelling (BIM) is the development of digital models used during planning, design, construction, and operation stages of a project. Some construction players doubt the practicality in implementing this new technology. Full adoption of Industrialised Building System (IBS) project is not an easy journey. In addition, the implementation of BIM technology into IBS system will put the client's expectation at risk as it is difficult to understand the complex software. Therefore, the aim of this research is to explore the adoption of BIM into IBS application in Malaysian construction industry. Among the objectives of this research are to investigate the implementation of BIM into IBS application, examine challenges in implementing BIM into IBS application and propose ways to improve the incorporation of BIM into IBS application by Malaysian construction industry players. Research data were collected through questionnaire survey and the results were analysed using SPSS software. The results showed vast majority of public and private sectors have some experience in handling IBS and BIM projects and these sectors are aware that BIM can facilitate IBS projects. However, the implementation of BIM into IBS application is still at the low level especially in private sectors. One of the challenges faced is its high cost, thus only large organisations can afford its implementation. To successfully improve the incorporation of BIM into IBS project, government should take some measures by organising awareness programs, restructuring IBS and BIM training programs, providing incentive, as well as promoting sustainability development and green construction. By doing that, the proposed measures are expected to increase the confidence of industry players to actively adopt BIM into more IBS projects in Malaysian construction industry.
{"title":"Adopting Building Information Modelling (BIM) into Industrialised Building System (IBS) in Malaysian Construction Industry","authors":"Irma Hanie Ibrahim, Sharifah Fitrah Tuanku Karim, N. A. A. Ismail, S. Z. H. Syed Jamaludin","doi":"10.24191/jsst.v2i2.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jsst.v2i2.20","url":null,"abstract":"Building Information Modelling (BIM) is the development of digital models used during planning, design, construction, and operation stages of a project. Some construction players doubt the practicality in implementing this new technology. Full adoption of Industrialised Building System (IBS) project is not an easy journey. In addition, the implementation of BIM technology into IBS system will put the client's expectation at risk as it is difficult to understand the complex software. Therefore, the aim of this research is to explore the adoption of BIM into IBS application in Malaysian construction industry. Among the objectives of this research are to investigate the implementation of BIM into IBS application, examine challenges in implementing BIM into IBS application and propose ways to improve the incorporation of BIM into IBS application by Malaysian construction industry players. Research data were collected through questionnaire survey and the results were analysed using SPSS software. The results showed vast majority of public and private sectors have some experience in handling IBS and BIM projects and these sectors are aware that BIM can facilitate IBS projects. However, the implementation of BIM into IBS application is still at the low level especially in private sectors. One of the challenges faced is its high cost, thus only large organisations can afford its implementation. To successfully improve the incorporation of BIM into IBS project, government should take some measures by organising awareness programs, restructuring IBS and BIM training programs, providing incentive, as well as promoting sustainability development and green construction. By doing that, the proposed measures are expected to increase the confidence of industry players to actively adopt BIM into more IBS projects in Malaysian construction industry.","PeriodicalId":17117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smart Science and Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80804393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the advancements of technologies, pollution is worsening day by day, especially water pollution. Water pollution was caused by the excess discharge of the toxic substances that enter the water bodies such as lakes, ponds, and streams. The toxic substances that accumulate in the water sources can be harmful for the living. This water is not safe for public use and requires treatments before it is disseminated for household use. As such, activated carbon is a powerful adsorbent in wastewater treatments. Production of activated carbon from agricultural sources has attracted the researcher’s attention. Since agricultural sources are high in availability due to their abundance, low-cost operation, and eco-friendly materials. Activated carbon can remove various dyes including methylene blue, Rhodamine B, methyl orange, aniline yellow, and Remazol brilliant blue R in wastewater discharge from the industries. Activated carbon is also a powerful adsorbent for heavy metals such as Pb (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Zn (II), Cu (II), Cd (II), Mn (II), Hg (II) and As (V). Besides, activated carbon can act as an adsorbent for the removal of common pharmaceutical waste and phenolic compound of 2,4-dimethylphenol.
{"title":"Activated Carbon: Eco-friendly Material for Wastewater Application","authors":"Siti Suhana Hassan, H. Y. Khong, C. Hui","doi":"10.24191/jsst.v2i1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jsst.v2i1.23","url":null,"abstract":"With the advancements of technologies, pollution is worsening day by day, especially water pollution. Water pollution was caused by the excess discharge of the toxic substances that enter the water bodies such as lakes, ponds, and streams. The toxic substances that accumulate in the water sources can be harmful for the living. This water is not safe for public use and requires treatments before it is disseminated for household use. As such, activated carbon is a powerful adsorbent in wastewater treatments. Production of activated carbon from agricultural sources has attracted the researcher’s attention. Since agricultural sources are high in availability due to their abundance, low-cost operation, and eco-friendly materials. Activated carbon can remove various dyes including methylene blue, Rhodamine B, methyl orange, aniline yellow, and Remazol brilliant blue R in wastewater discharge from the industries. Activated carbon is also a powerful adsorbent for heavy metals such as Pb (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Zn (II), Cu (II), Cd (II), Mn (II), Hg (II) and As (V). Besides, activated carbon can act as an adsorbent for the removal of common pharmaceutical waste and phenolic compound of 2,4-dimethylphenol.","PeriodicalId":17117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smart Science and Technology","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74541490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Korawinwich Boonpisuttinant, Somkit Unkeaw, Wirinda Chomphoo, Sarinporn Udompong, H. Y. Khong
In this study, the low‑grade pineapple and lime key from Sob Prab Cooperative Limited, Lampang, Thailand were selected to investigate the anti‑ageing activities. The pineapple (PA‑J) and lime key juices (LM‑J) were squeezed and then the pineapple and lime key residues were extracted by maceration in 95% (v/v) ethanol (PA‑E and LM‑E) and boiled in distilled water (PA‑W and LM‑W). The extraction yields from all extracts ranged from 14.58 to 23.01, with the presence of terpenoids as a phytochemical. For anti-ageing activities of all extracts, it was found that the LM-J extract showed the highest antioxidant activity including free radical scavenging, metal chelation and lipid peroxidation activities, whereas the PA‑E extract exhibited the whitening effect including tyrosinase inhibition activity and anti-melanogenesis on B16F10 cells, and the stimulation of collagen biosynthesis on human dermal fibroblasts. In addition, all extracts did not show cytotoxicity on human dermal fibroblasts at 0.1 mg mL-1. This study suggested that the PA‑E and the LM extracts might be beneficial to be an active ingredient for anti-ageing cosmetics.
{"title":"In vitro Anti-ageing Activities of the Extracts of Low-Grade Pineapple and Lime Key from Sob Prab Cooperative Limited, Lampang, Thailand","authors":"Korawinwich Boonpisuttinant, Somkit Unkeaw, Wirinda Chomphoo, Sarinporn Udompong, H. Y. Khong","doi":"10.24191/jsst.v2i1.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jsst.v2i1.24","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the low‑grade pineapple and lime key from Sob Prab Cooperative Limited, Lampang, Thailand were selected to investigate the anti‑ageing activities. The pineapple (PA‑J) and lime key juices (LM‑J) were squeezed and then the pineapple and lime key residues were extracted by maceration in 95% (v/v) ethanol (PA‑E and LM‑E) and boiled in distilled water (PA‑W and LM‑W). The extraction yields from all extracts ranged from 14.58 to 23.01, with the presence of terpenoids as a phytochemical. For anti-ageing activities of all extracts, it was found that the LM-J extract showed the highest antioxidant activity including free radical scavenging, metal chelation and lipid peroxidation activities, whereas the PA‑E extract exhibited the whitening effect including tyrosinase inhibition activity and anti-melanogenesis on B16F10 cells, and the stimulation of collagen biosynthesis on human dermal fibroblasts. In addition, all extracts did not show cytotoxicity on human dermal fibroblasts at 0.1 mg mL-1. This study suggested that the PA‑E and the LM extracts might be beneficial to be an active ingredient for anti-ageing cosmetics.","PeriodicalId":17117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smart Science and Technology","volume":"28 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82716819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Mohamad, Hassan MOHD DAUD, Sharifah Raina Manaf
Aeromonas infections are becoming a serious risk issue in commercial aquaculture, and a wide range of fish and shellfish species has been documented as being vulnerable. Five isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila were identified from African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) cultured in Selangor, West Malaysia in this study. A conventional rapid identification approach (API 20E strip) was used for preliminary identification based on the biochemical properties of the isolated bacteria. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the specific primer 16 rDNA, on the other hand, was used as an accurate and confirmed identification. A pathogenicity test via intramuscular (IM) injection was used to investigate the virulence of A. hydrophila. With a high degree of similarity (98%) to the NCBI or Genbank databases, the isolates were identified as A. hydrophila. The LD50 was calculated using pathogenicity test findings and was found to be 2.1 ´ 106.33 CFU mL−1, while 1 ´ 108 CFU mL−1 in the experimentally injected fish, resulted in 100% mortality. Several organs, including the kidney, liver, and spleen, showed histopathological abnormalities. Those changes mainly include increase in the presence of hemosiderin deposits, congested portal vessels, vacuolated hepatocytes, generalised loss of tubular cells, and oedematous degeneration in the infected organs.
在商业水产养殖中，气单胞菌感染正成为一个严重的风险问题，许多鱼类和贝类物种已被记录为易受感染。本研究从西马来西亚雪兰莪养殖的非洲鲶鱼(Clarias gariepinus)中分离出5株嗜水气单胞菌。采用传统的快速鉴定方法(API 20E试纸)，根据分离细菌的生化特性进行初步鉴定。另一方面，使用特异引物16rdna的聚合酶链反应(PCR)作为准确和确定的鉴定方法。采用肌内注射致病性试验研究了嗜水单胞杆菌的毒力。与NCBI或Genbank数据库高度相似(98%)，鉴定为嗜水单胞菌。根据致病性试验结果计算出LD50为2.1´106.33 CFU mL - 1，而实验注射的鱼的LD50为1´108 CFU mL - 1，死亡率为100%。几个器官，包括肾、肝和脾，表现出组织病理异常。这些变化主要包括含铁血黄素沉积增加、门脉血管充血、肝细胞空泡化、小管细胞全身性丧失和感染器官水肿变性。
{"title":"Pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila in Cultured African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)","authors":"N. Mohamad, Hassan MOHD DAUD, Sharifah Raina Manaf","doi":"10.24191/jsst.v2i1.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jsst.v2i1.25","url":null,"abstract":"Aeromonas infections are becoming a serious risk issue in commercial aquaculture, and a wide range of fish and shellfish species has been documented as being vulnerable. Five isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila were identified from African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) cultured in Selangor, West Malaysia in this study. A conventional rapid identification approach (API 20E strip) was used for preliminary identification based on the biochemical properties of the isolated bacteria. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the specific primer 16 rDNA, on the other hand, was used as an accurate and confirmed identification. A pathogenicity test via intramuscular (IM) injection was used to investigate the virulence of A. hydrophila. With a high degree of similarity (98%) to the NCBI or Genbank databases, the isolates were identified as A. hydrophila. The LD50 was calculated using pathogenicity test findings and was found to be 2.1 ´ 106.33 CFU mL−1, while 1 ´ 108 CFU mL−1 in the experimentally injected fish, resulted in 100% mortality. Several organs, including the kidney, liver, and spleen, showed histopathological abnormalities. Those changes mainly include increase in the presence of hemosiderin deposits, congested portal vessels, vacuolated hepatocytes, generalised loss of tubular cells, and oedematous degeneration in the infected organs.","PeriodicalId":17117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smart Science and Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85289876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leaf spot disease of oil palm caused by fungus Curvularia sp. is a major disease in Oil Palm Seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq). Implementation of best nursery practices is the key to prevent it. This study aims to determine the antifungal activity of Jengkol peel (Pithecellobium jiringa (Jack) Prain) extract against the fungus Curvularia sp. which is the cause of leaf spot disease in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) seedlings. This study was carried out for five months at the Plantation Plant Protection Center (Balai Proteksi Tanaman Perkebunan, BPTP) in Pontianak. Jengkol peel extract was screened for its ability to inhibit Curvularia sp. growth by in vitro technique. The research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) with a single factor, namely the concentration of Jengkol peel extract, P0: as a control (without extract), P1: extract with a concentration of 10%, P2: extract with a concentration of 20%, P3: extract with a concentration of 30%, P4: extract with a concentration of 40%, and P5: extract with a concentration of 50%. Parameters observed were suppression of colony diameter and suppression of colony biomass. The results of the study showed that the administration of Jengkol peel extract in P5 treatment (50% extract concentration) had a major effect on suppressing the diameter of fungal colonies (36.44%) and showed a significant difference between each concentration (p < 0.05), while the P3 treatment (30% extract concentration) was able to suppress colony biomass up to 100%. The use of Jengkol peel (Pithecellobium jiringa (Jack) Prain) extract has potential as bio fungicide based on the effect found on the suppression of growth both from the diameter and biomass of the fungal colony of Curvularia sp.
{"title":"Jengkol Peel Extract (Pithecellobium jiringa (Jack) Prain) as a Biofungicide Against Fungus Curvularia sp., the Cause of Leaf Spot Disease on Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) Seedlings","authors":"A. Suyanto, A. T. P. Irianti, Taufik Akbar","doi":"10.24191/jsst.v2i1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jsst.v2i1.21","url":null,"abstract":"Leaf spot disease of oil palm caused by fungus Curvularia sp. is a major disease in Oil Palm Seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq). Implementation of best nursery practices is the key to prevent it. This study aims to determine the antifungal activity of Jengkol peel (Pithecellobium jiringa (Jack) Prain) extract against the fungus Curvularia sp. which is the cause of leaf spot disease in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) seedlings. This study was carried out for five months at the Plantation Plant Protection Center (Balai Proteksi Tanaman Perkebunan, BPTP) in Pontianak. Jengkol peel extract was screened for its ability to inhibit Curvularia sp. growth by in vitro technique. The research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) with a single factor, namely the concentration of Jengkol peel extract, P0: as a control (without extract), P1: extract with a concentration of 10%, P2: extract with a concentration of 20%, P3: extract with a concentration of 30%, P4: extract with a concentration of 40%, and P5: extract with a concentration of 50%. Parameters observed were suppression of colony diameter and suppression of colony biomass. The results of the study showed that the administration of Jengkol peel extract in P5 treatment (50% extract concentration) had a major effect on suppressing the diameter of fungal colonies (36.44%) and showed a significant difference between each concentration (p < 0.05), while the P3 treatment (30% extract concentration) was able to suppress colony biomass up to 100%. The use of Jengkol peel (Pithecellobium jiringa (Jack) Prain) extract has potential as bio fungicide based on the effect found on the suppression of growth both from the diameter and biomass of the fungal colony of Curvularia sp.","PeriodicalId":17117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smart Science and Technology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81595957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Z. H. Syed Jamaludin, N. A. A. Ismail, Irma Hanie Ibrahim, Nuraqilla Japlun
Building Information Modelling (BIM) is the cornerstone of digital transformation in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is critical in boosting the productivity and quality of a building not only during design and construction stages but also includes post completion’s maintenance period. However, the majority of project stakeholders are still having difficulties in adopting BIM into practice, especially in the Sabah Construction Industry. In addressing the issues, the research aim is hence will analyze the challenges of adopting BIM and examine the Sabah state governments’ strategies that have been implemented to address the issues. The list of fourteen (14) BIM challenges that cover cost, process, people, technology were derived from a comprehensive literature review and further investigated through the use of 212 questionnaires distributed using online platform. The respondents were architects, engineers, and quantity surveyors. It was revealed that among the top challenges highlighted are: people being comfortable with the conventional process, high software cost, as well as incompetent staff to operate the software. The Sabah state government has assisted with the implementation of BIM by offering standard guidelines and continuous financial support; however, the strategies provided by them were still not enough. The result of this study showed that the implementation of BIM in the construction project in Sabah is still below expectations. The awareness among construction players on how beneficial BIM is in assisting their daily project tasks should be further enhanced for better BIM implementation in the region. The outcomes of this study will hopefully provide some directions towards developing managerial strategies for the government to aggressively promote BIM practices among project stakeholders.
{"title":"The Emerging Challenges of Adopting BIM in the Construction Industry: Evidence from Sabah, Malaysia","authors":"S. Z. H. Syed Jamaludin, N. A. A. Ismail, Irma Hanie Ibrahim, Nuraqilla Japlun","doi":"10.24191/jsst.v2i1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jsst.v2i1.19","url":null,"abstract":"Building Information Modelling (BIM) is the cornerstone of digital transformation in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is critical in boosting the productivity and quality of a building not only during design and construction stages but also includes post completion’s maintenance period. However, the majority of project stakeholders are still having difficulties in adopting BIM into practice, especially in the Sabah Construction Industry. In addressing the issues, the research aim is hence will analyze the challenges of adopting BIM and examine the Sabah state governments’ strategies that have been implemented to address the issues. The list of fourteen (14) BIM challenges that cover cost, process, people, technology were derived from a comprehensive literature review and further investigated through the use of 212 questionnaires distributed using online platform. The respondents were architects, engineers, and quantity surveyors. It was revealed that among the top challenges highlighted are: people being comfortable with the conventional process, high software cost, as well as incompetent staff to operate the software. The Sabah state government has assisted with the implementation of BIM by offering standard guidelines and continuous financial support; however, the strategies provided by them were still not enough. The result of this study showed that the implementation of BIM in the construction project in Sabah is still below expectations. The awareness among construction players on how beneficial BIM is in assisting their daily project tasks should be further enhanced for better BIM implementation in the region. The outcomes of this study will hopefully provide some directions towards developing managerial strategies for the government to aggressively promote BIM practices among project stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":17117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smart Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90914807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nor Fakira Alia Mohd Rapi, Nur Asma Amirah Mohd Asri, Maizura Mohd Sani, Naimah Mat Isa
In paddy farming, the condition of soil is one of the important factors to promote a healthy growing plant. Certain pH and salinity levels are required in order to have soil condition which suits the microorganism life and promotes nutrient opportunity to the plant. Currently, the method used to identify the pH and salinity levels of the soil is by embedding a sensor on the soil which requires cost and time. Furthermore, it will only show the pH and salinity values at only one point and there are limitations if the area of interest is difficult to be accessed. In this research, a method was studied by using Kriging interpolation technique to map soil salinity and pH near Kelantan and Terengganu paddy cultivation area. Ground truth data were pre-processed to generate an image model mapping which consists of acidity, neutral, alkalinity and level of salinity at coordinates of interest using ArcGIS Pro software. As a result, the estimated pH and salinity value range were between 3.9 to 5.9 and 0.48 to 0.71 ds m-1 respectively. To test the accuracy of the model, analysis of RMSE was done for pH (0.854) and salinity (0.057). This research shall contribute as a preliminary study to model the soil pH and salinity values for monitoring purpose and as an aid to the farmers.
{"title":"Mapping the pH and Salinity Values for Paddy Field Area in East Coast Malaysia using Kriging Interpolation Technique","authors":"Nor Fakira Alia Mohd Rapi, Nur Asma Amirah Mohd Asri, Maizura Mohd Sani, Naimah Mat Isa","doi":"10.24191/jsst.v1i1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/jsst.v1i1.15","url":null,"abstract":"In paddy farming, the condition of soil is one of the important factors to promote a healthy growing plant. Certain pH and salinity levels are required in order to have soil condition which suits the microorganism life and promotes nutrient opportunity to the plant. Currently, the method used to identify the pH and salinity levels of the soil is by embedding a sensor on the soil which requires cost and time. Furthermore, it will only show the pH and salinity values at only one point and there are limitations if the area of interest is difficult to be accessed. In this research, a method was studied by using Kriging interpolation technique to map soil salinity and pH near Kelantan and Terengganu paddy cultivation area. Ground truth data were pre-processed to generate an image model mapping which consists of acidity, neutral, alkalinity and level of salinity at coordinates of interest using ArcGIS Pro software. As a result, the estimated pH and salinity value range were between 3.9 to 5.9 and 0.48 to 0.71 ds m-1 respectively. To test the accuracy of the model, analysis of RMSE was done for pH (0.854) and salinity (0.057). This research shall contribute as a preliminary study to model the soil pH and salinity values for monitoring purpose and as an aid to the farmers.","PeriodicalId":17117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smart Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78413870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olivia Rayeg, C. Petrus, C. Marajan, R. Tawie, Wongi S. Na, Ang Chung Huap, J. D. Nyuin
Corrosion is a major challenge in construction technology and manufacturing industry. It does not only reduce the aesthetics of a building but also weakens the structure. Structural weakness caused by rust leads to the reduction in the durability of reinforced concrete. Various efforts and research ranging from prevention to maintenance process are being carried out globally to overcome this problem. Due to the increased awareness of the importance of preserving the environment for health and ecological system, studies are increasingly focused on the use of environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor. This paper discusses several conditioning methods of using organic corrosion inhibitors in concrete reinforcement. It also takes a close look at the effect of every conditioning method towards the reinforced concrete strength and the mechanism to improve it. The migrating and admixed corrosion inhibitors (MCI) conditioning methods is considered as the best solution so far to enhance corrosion resistance performance that contributes to superior reinforced concrete mechanical strength.
{"title":"A Review on the Application and Morphology of Organic Corrosion Inhibitors","authors":"Olivia Rayeg, C. Petrus, C. Marajan, R. Tawie, Wongi S. Na, Ang Chung Huap, J. D. Nyuin","doi":"10.24191/JSST.V1I1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/JSST.V1I1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Corrosion is a major challenge in construction technology and manufacturing industry. It does not only reduce the aesthetics of a building but also weakens the structure. Structural weakness caused by rust leads to the reduction in the durability of reinforced concrete. Various efforts and research ranging from prevention to maintenance process are being carried out globally to overcome this problem. Due to the increased awareness of the importance of preserving the environment for health and ecological system, studies are increasingly focused on the use of environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor. This paper discusses several conditioning methods of using organic corrosion inhibitors in concrete reinforcement. It also takes a close look at the effect of every conditioning method towards the reinforced concrete strength and the mechanism to improve it. The migrating and admixed corrosion inhibitors (MCI) conditioning methods is considered as the best solution so far to enhance corrosion resistance performance that contributes to superior reinforced concrete mechanical strength.","PeriodicalId":17117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smart Science and Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74991656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stoichiometry, crystal compound, electronic attributes and superconductivity of compressed lithium-tin composites have been thoroughly studied using quantum mechanical genetic algorithm approach and the first principles computations based on density functional theory. Our simulations at moderate pressure (5-20 GPa) predict a complex convex hull diagram, with the following stable Li‑rich phases: I4/mmm-Li6Sn2, -Li7Sn2, -Li5Sn2, Ama2-Li4Sn2, -Li5Sn2, -Li6Sn2, C2/m-Li4Sn1, P21/m-Li6Sn2, -Li7Sn2 and Cmcm-Li4Sn2. Careful examination at their independent elastic parameters reveals sufficient mechanical stability in them. These phases are metallic system, with reasonably high electron concentration near to Fermi level or N(EF) that ranges from 0.6 to 2.4 states/eV cell. It is also interesting for us to observe soft modes and steep-flat energy bands at Fermi levels of Li6Sn2 structures which are stable throughout the pressure range. These features are prerequisites for superconducting behavior. Linear response function with Gaussian and tetrahedron methods reveals satisfactory superconducting transition temperature Tc (3.1 ~ 6.6 K) and Tc (2.1 ~ 2.4 K), respectively. Structural transition results for based elements Li and Sn agree well with literature thus signifying reliable prediction of intermediate phases.
{"title":"Ab Initio Calculation of Li-Sn System: Unraveling New Phases of Superconducting Materials with Increasing Compression","authors":"T. Lim, T. Yoon, Y. H. R. Chang, S. Lai","doi":"10.24191/JSST.V1I1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24191/JSST.V1I1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Stoichiometry, crystal compound, electronic attributes and superconductivity of compressed lithium-tin composites have been thoroughly studied using quantum mechanical genetic algorithm approach and the first principles computations based on density functional theory. Our simulations at moderate pressure (5-20 GPa) predict a complex convex hull diagram, with the following stable Li‑rich phases: I4/mmm-Li6Sn2, -Li7Sn2, -Li5Sn2, Ama2-Li4Sn2, -Li5Sn2, -Li6Sn2, C2/m-Li4Sn1, P21/m-Li6Sn2, -Li7Sn2 and Cmcm-Li4Sn2. Careful examination at their independent elastic parameters reveals sufficient mechanical stability in them. These phases are metallic system, with reasonably high electron concentration near to Fermi level or N(EF) that ranges from 0.6 to 2.4 states/eV cell. It is also interesting for us to observe soft modes and steep-flat energy bands at Fermi levels of Li6Sn2 structures which are stable throughout the pressure range. These features are prerequisites for superconducting behavior. Linear response function with Gaussian and tetrahedron methods reveals satisfactory superconducting transition temperature Tc (3.1 ~ 6.6 K) and Tc (2.1 ~ 2.4 K), respectively. Structural transition results for based elements Li and Sn agree well with literature thus signifying reliable prediction of intermediate phases.","PeriodicalId":17117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Smart Science and Technology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81500834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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