Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004822
Mathieu Tremblay, Samuel Anderson Sirois, William Verville, Mathis Auger, Jacques Abboud, Martin Descarreaux
Abstract: Tremblay, M, Anderson Sirois, S, Verville, W, Auger, M, Abboud, J, and Descarreaux, M. Acute upper-body and lower-body neuromuscular fatigue effect on baseball pitchers' velocity: A pilot study. J Strength Cond Res 38(8): 1447-1452, 2024-The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the acute effect of upper-body and lower-body neuromuscular fatigue protocols on baseball pitchers' velocity. Sixteen baseball pitchers were recruited, and a crossover design was used to meet the study purpose. Pitchers were tested twice, 7 days apart, with their upper-body and lower-body explosiveness, pitching velocity, and muscle soreness perception of their throwing arm (forearm flexors, biceps, anterior deltoid, and upper trapezius muscles) assessed before and after an upper-body and lower-body neuromuscular fatigue protocol. Two-way analysis of variances and paired t tests ( p < 0.05) were used to identify and compare prescores and postscores. Following both fatigue protocols, results revealed a significant decrease in time for pitching velocity ( p = 0.005, ηp 2 = 0.462), and increases in muscle soreness perception of the forearm flexors ( p = 0.005, ηp 2 = 0.470), anterior deltoid ( p = 0.045, ηp 2 = 0.274), and upper trapezius ( p = 0.023, ηp 2 = 0.339) muscles. Paired t test results showed a significant decrease in preneuromuscular and postneuromuscular fatigue protocol in the upper-body ( p < 0.01) and lower-body ( p < 0.01) explosiveness scores. These pilot study results show the impact of different exercise protocols on pitchers' explosiveness, velocity, and muscle soreness perception emphasizing the need for further investigation into the acute effect of exercise targeting the upper or lower-body on pitching performance, specifically at the pitcher's position.
{"title":"Acute Upper-Body and Lower-Body Neuromuscular Fatigue Effect on Baseball Pitchers' Velocity: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Mathieu Tremblay, Samuel Anderson Sirois, William Verville, Mathis Auger, Jacques Abboud, Martin Descarreaux","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000004822","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000004822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Tremblay, M, Anderson Sirois, S, Verville, W, Auger, M, Abboud, J, and Descarreaux, M. Acute upper-body and lower-body neuromuscular fatigue effect on baseball pitchers' velocity: A pilot study. J Strength Cond Res 38(8): 1447-1452, 2024-The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the acute effect of upper-body and lower-body neuromuscular fatigue protocols on baseball pitchers' velocity. Sixteen baseball pitchers were recruited, and a crossover design was used to meet the study purpose. Pitchers were tested twice, 7 days apart, with their upper-body and lower-body explosiveness, pitching velocity, and muscle soreness perception of their throwing arm (forearm flexors, biceps, anterior deltoid, and upper trapezius muscles) assessed before and after an upper-body and lower-body neuromuscular fatigue protocol. Two-way analysis of variances and paired t tests ( p < 0.05) were used to identify and compare prescores and postscores. Following both fatigue protocols, results revealed a significant decrease in time for pitching velocity ( p = 0.005, ηp 2 = 0.462), and increases in muscle soreness perception of the forearm flexors ( p = 0.005, ηp 2 = 0.470), anterior deltoid ( p = 0.045, ηp 2 = 0.274), and upper trapezius ( p = 0.023, ηp 2 = 0.339) muscles. Paired t test results showed a significant decrease in preneuromuscular and postneuromuscular fatigue protocol in the upper-body ( p < 0.01) and lower-body ( p < 0.01) explosiveness scores. These pilot study results show the impact of different exercise protocols on pitchers' explosiveness, velocity, and muscle soreness perception emphasizing the need for further investigation into the acute effect of exercise targeting the upper or lower-body on pitching performance, specifically at the pitcher's position.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11286153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141261852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004835
Laura Dawson, Marco Beato, Gavin Devereux, Stuart A McErlain-Naylor
Abstract: Dawson, L, Beato, M, Devereux, G, and McErlain-Naylor, SA. A review of the validity and reliability of accelerometer-based metrics from upper back-mounted GNSS player tracking systems for athlete training load monitoring. J Strength Cond Res 38(8): e459-e474, 2024-Athlete load monitoring using upper back-mounted global navigation satellite system (GNSS) player tracking is common within many team sports. However, accelerometer-based load monitoring may provide information that cannot be achieved with GNSS alone. This review focuses on the accelerometer-based metrics quantifying the accumulation of accelerations as an estimation of athlete training load, appraising the validity and reliability of accelerometer use in upper back-mounted GNSS player tracking systems, the accelerometer-based metrics, and their potential for application within athlete monitoring. Reliability of GNSS-housed accelerometers and accelerometer-based metrics are dependent on the equipment model, signal processing methods, and the activity being monitored. Furthermore, GNSS unit placement on the upper back may be suboptimal for accelerometer-based estimation of mechanical load. Because there are currently no feasible gold standard comparisons for field-based whole-body biomechanical load, the validity of accelerometer-based load metrics has largely been considered in relation to other measures of training load and exercise intensity. In terms of convergent validity, accelerometer-based metrics (e.g., PlayerLoad, Dynamic Stress Load, Body Load) have correlated, albeit with varying magnitudes and certainty, with measures of internal physiological load, exercise intensity, total distance, collisions and impacts, fatigue, and injury risk and incidence. Currently, comparisons of these metrics should not be made between athletes because of mass or technique differences or between manufacturers because of processing variations. Notable areas for further study include the associations between accelerometer-based metrics and other parts of biomechanical load-adaptation pathways of interest, such as internal biomechanical loads or methods of manipulating these metrics through effective training design.
摘要:Dawson、L、Beato、M、Devereux、G 和 McErlain-Naylor、SA。上背部安装的全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)运动员跟踪系统用于运动员训练负荷监测的加速度计指标的有效性和可靠性综述。J Strength Cond Res 38(8): e460-e475, 2024-在许多团队运动中,使用安装在上背部的全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)运动员跟踪系统进行运动员负荷监测很常见。然而,基于加速度计的负荷监测可提供仅靠全球导航卫星系统无法实现的信息。本综述重点介绍基于加速度计的指标,这些指标量化了加速度的累积,以此估算运动员的训练负荷,评估在背上安装的全球导航卫星系统运动员跟踪系统中使用加速度计的有效性和可靠性、基于加速度计的指标及其在运动员监测中的应用潜力。安装有全球导航卫星系统的加速度计和基于加速度计的指标的可靠性取决于设备型号、信号处理方法和监测的活动。此外,全球导航卫星系统装置放置在上背部可能不是基于加速度计估算机械负荷的最佳选择。由于目前还没有可行的黄金标准来比较基于现场的全身生物力学负荷,因此基于加速度计的负荷指标的有效性主要是根据其他训练负荷和运动强度的测量方法来考虑的。就收敛有效性而言,基于加速度计的指标(如球员负荷、动态应力负荷、身体负荷)与内部生理负荷、运动强度、总距离、碰撞和冲击、疲劳以及受伤风险和发生率等指标之间存在相关性,尽管相关性的大小和确定性各不相同。目前,由于质量或技术上的差异,运动员之间或生产商之间由于加工工艺的不同,不应该对这些指标进行比较。需要进一步研究的领域包括基于加速度计的指标与生物力学负荷适应途径的其他相关部分之间的联系,如内部生物力学负荷或通过有效的训练设计操纵这些指标的方法。
{"title":"A Review of the Validity and Reliability of Accelerometer-Based Metrics From Upper Back-Mounted GNSS Player Tracking Systems for Athlete Training Load Monitoring.","authors":"Laura Dawson, Marco Beato, Gavin Devereux, Stuart A McErlain-Naylor","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000004835","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000004835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Dawson, L, Beato, M, Devereux, G, and McErlain-Naylor, SA. A review of the validity and reliability of accelerometer-based metrics from upper back-mounted GNSS player tracking systems for athlete training load monitoring. J Strength Cond Res 38(8): e459-e474, 2024-Athlete load monitoring using upper back-mounted global navigation satellite system (GNSS) player tracking is common within many team sports. However, accelerometer-based load monitoring may provide information that cannot be achieved with GNSS alone. This review focuses on the accelerometer-based metrics quantifying the accumulation of accelerations as an estimation of athlete training load, appraising the validity and reliability of accelerometer use in upper back-mounted GNSS player tracking systems, the accelerometer-based metrics, and their potential for application within athlete monitoring. Reliability of GNSS-housed accelerometers and accelerometer-based metrics are dependent on the equipment model, signal processing methods, and the activity being monitored. Furthermore, GNSS unit placement on the upper back may be suboptimal for accelerometer-based estimation of mechanical load. Because there are currently no feasible gold standard comparisons for field-based whole-body biomechanical load, the validity of accelerometer-based load metrics has largely been considered in relation to other measures of training load and exercise intensity. In terms of convergent validity, accelerometer-based metrics (e.g., PlayerLoad, Dynamic Stress Load, Body Load) have correlated, albeit with varying magnitudes and certainty, with measures of internal physiological load, exercise intensity, total distance, collisions and impacts, fatigue, and injury risk and incidence. Currently, comparisons of these metrics should not be made between athletes because of mass or technique differences or between manufacturers because of processing variations. Notable areas for further study include the associations between accelerometer-based metrics and other parts of biomechanical load-adaptation pathways of interest, such as internal biomechanical loads or methods of manipulating these metrics through effective training design.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141538026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004899
Susan W Yeargin, Courtney M Meyer, Rebecca M Hirschhorn, Abbi D Lane, Shawn M Arent, Clint R Haggard
Abstract: Yeargin, SW, Meyer, CM, Hirschhorn, RM, Lane, AD, Arent, SM, and Haggard, CR. Characterization of health and safety resources for athletes with sickle cell trait at NCAA institutions. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The purpose of this study was to report the prevalence of student-athletes with sickle cell trait (SCT), determine which screening practices are most commonly used, describe the health and human performance services provided to athletes, and ascertain if differences between National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) designations or divisions exist. A cross-sectional survey design was used to query healthcare administrators regarding SCT resources at their institution. The independent variables were designation (historically Black colleges or universities [HBCUs] or non-HBCU) and Division (DI, DII, and DIII). The dependent variables were SCT prevalence, and the health and human performance services provided to athletes. Of the 60 respondents, HBCU ( n = 16) reported 4.9 ± 2.7% of athletes with SCT, which was higher than non-HBCU (1.1 ± 0.8%; p = 0.022). Historically Black colleges or university reported a higher percentage of student-athletes supplying their own screening results than non-HBCU (52.5 ± 39.2 vs. 12.9 ± 24.0%; p = 0.022). Division III reported higher proportions of waivers than DI (68.3 ± 38.4 vs. 16.9 ± 31.0%; p = 0.010). Most schools ( n = 42, 70.0%) reported having policy and procedures regarding exertional sickling, but none ( n = 60, 100.0%) involved strength and conditioning coaches (SCCs) during development. Practically, a greater proportion of DII and DIII institutions do not have supplemental oxygen available compared with DI but not statistically ( p = 0.058). Pragmatically, the prevalence should be considered when ordering and preparing resources annually. NCAA institutions need to create policy and procedure sections beyond screening. Athletic trainers and SCCs need to have a strong collaborative relationship to optimize health and human performance services.
摘要:Yeargin、SW、Meyer、CM、Hirschhorn、RM、Lane、AD、Arent、SM 和 Haggard、CR。NCAA 院校镰状细胞性状运动员健康和安全资源的特点。J Strength Cond Res XX(X):000-000,2024-本研究的目的是报告患有镰状细胞性状(SCT)的学生运动员的患病率,确定最常用的筛查方法,描述为运动员提供的健康和人类运动表现服务,并确定全国大学生体育协会(NCAA)的名称或分部之间是否存在差异。调查采用横断面调查设计,向医疗保健管理人员询问其所在机构的 SCT 资源情况。自变量为指定(历史上的黑人学院或大学 [HBCUs] 或非 HBCU)和分部(DI、DII 和 DIII)。因变量是小班教学的普及率以及为运动员提供的健康和人类表现服务。在 60 名受访者中,HBCU(n = 16)报告有 4.9 ± 2.7% 的运动员患有 SCT,高于非 HBCU(1.1 ± 0.8%;p = 0.022)。历史悠久的黑人学院或大学报告的学生运动员自行提供筛查结果的比例高于非黑人学院或大学(52.5 ± 39.2 vs. 12.9 ± 24.0%;p = 0.022)。第 III 组报告的弃权比例高于第 DI 组(68.3 ± 38.4 vs. 16.9 ± 31.0%;p = 0.010)。大多数学校(n = 42,70.0%)报告称已制定了有关体力消耗性疾病的政策和程序,但没有学校(n = 60,100.0%)在制定过程中涉及力量和体能教练(SCC)。实际上,与 DI 相比,更多的 DII 和 DIII 院校没有提供补充氧气,但在统计学上没有差异 ( p = 0.058)。务实地说,在每年订购和准备资源时应考虑到这一普遍现象。NCAA 机构需要制定筛查以外的政策和程序部分。运动训练员和 SCC 需要建立牢固的合作关系,以优化健康和人类表现服务。
{"title":"Characterization of Health and Safety Resources for Athletes With Sickle Cell Trait at NCAA Institutions.","authors":"Susan W Yeargin, Courtney M Meyer, Rebecca M Hirschhorn, Abbi D Lane, Shawn M Arent, Clint R Haggard","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000004899","DOIUrl":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000004899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Yeargin, SW, Meyer, CM, Hirschhorn, RM, Lane, AD, Arent, SM, and Haggard, CR. Characterization of health and safety resources for athletes with sickle cell trait at NCAA institutions. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The purpose of this study was to report the prevalence of student-athletes with sickle cell trait (SCT), determine which screening practices are most commonly used, describe the health and human performance services provided to athletes, and ascertain if differences between National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) designations or divisions exist. A cross-sectional survey design was used to query healthcare administrators regarding SCT resources at their institution. The independent variables were designation (historically Black colleges or universities [HBCUs] or non-HBCU) and Division (DI, DII, and DIII). The dependent variables were SCT prevalence, and the health and human performance services provided to athletes. Of the 60 respondents, HBCU ( n = 16) reported 4.9 ± 2.7% of athletes with SCT, which was higher than non-HBCU (1.1 ± 0.8%; p = 0.022). Historically Black colleges or university reported a higher percentage of student-athletes supplying their own screening results than non-HBCU (52.5 ± 39.2 vs. 12.9 ± 24.0%; p = 0.022). Division III reported higher proportions of waivers than DI (68.3 ± 38.4 vs. 16.9 ± 31.0%; p = 0.010). Most schools ( n = 42, 70.0%) reported having policy and procedures regarding exertional sickling, but none ( n = 60, 100.0%) involved strength and conditioning coaches (SCCs) during development. Practically, a greater proportion of DII and DIII institutions do not have supplemental oxygen available compared with DI but not statistically ( p = 0.058). Pragmatically, the prevalence should be considered when ordering and preparing resources annually. NCAA institutions need to create policy and procedure sections beyond screening. Athletic trainers and SCCs need to have a strong collaborative relationship to optimize health and human performance services.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004885
Patrick Campbell, Danny Maupin, Robert G Lockie, J Jay Dawes, Vinicius Simas, Elisa Canetti, Ben Schram, Robin Orr
Abstract: Campbell, P, Maupin, D, Lockie, RG, Dawes, JJ, Simas, V, Canetti, E, Schram, B, and Orr, R. The development of normative fitness data and analyzing the relationships between 20MSFT and 2.4-km run performance in Australian police recruits. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-Aerobic fitness testing plays a significant role in the academy training of law enforcement recruits. There is a lack of normative data for law enforcement recruits and substantial interchangeability for choice of field-based aerobic tests. Therefore, this study aimed to develop normative percentile rankings for the 20-m multistage fitness tests (20MSFT) and 2.4-km run specific to law enforcement recruits; and to analyze the relationship between the 2 tests by linear regression. Data from 5 cohorts of law enforcement recruits completing 20MSFT (n = 1,536) and 2.4-km run (n = 1,499) testing during basic training at an Australian Police Academy were retrospectively analyzed. Percentile ranks were calculated (20th, 40th, 50th, 60th, 80th, and 99th) based on the number of shuttles completed and time (seconds) to complete the 2.4-km run. Results were split by sex and age (i.e., <20 years, 20-29 years, 30-39 years, and 40-49 years). Linear regression analyzed the relationship between the 20MSFT to the 2.4-km run (using both seconds and km·h-1), producing predictive equations to translate scores between the 2 assessments. These data presented the first detailed normative values by age and sex for Australian law enforcement recruits. Furthermore, the results demonstrated regression models could explain 65-74% of the variance observed (r2 = 0.649-0.741) between 20MSFT performance and 2.4-km run performance. This study's findings allow for normative performance for the purpose of benchmarking fitness, setting performance goal, and rehabilitation from injury. In addition, a valid conversion through a linear regression affords cross-agency comparisons and temporal changes in test selection/recruit cohorts.
{"title":"The Development of Normative Fitness Data and Analyzing the Relationships Between 20MSFT and 2.4-km Run Performance in Australian Police Recruits.","authors":"Patrick Campbell, Danny Maupin, Robert G Lockie, J Jay Dawes, Vinicius Simas, Elisa Canetti, Ben Schram, Robin Orr","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000004885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Campbell, P, Maupin, D, Lockie, RG, Dawes, JJ, Simas, V, Canetti, E, Schram, B, and Orr, R. The development of normative fitness data and analyzing the relationships between 20MSFT and 2.4-km run performance in Australian police recruits. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-Aerobic fitness testing plays a significant role in the academy training of law enforcement recruits. There is a lack of normative data for law enforcement recruits and substantial interchangeability for choice of field-based aerobic tests. Therefore, this study aimed to develop normative percentile rankings for the 20-m multistage fitness tests (20MSFT) and 2.4-km run specific to law enforcement recruits; and to analyze the relationship between the 2 tests by linear regression. Data from 5 cohorts of law enforcement recruits completing 20MSFT (n = 1,536) and 2.4-km run (n = 1,499) testing during basic training at an Australian Police Academy were retrospectively analyzed. Percentile ranks were calculated (20th, 40th, 50th, 60th, 80th, and 99th) based on the number of shuttles completed and time (seconds) to complete the 2.4-km run. Results were split by sex and age (i.e., <20 years, 20-29 years, 30-39 years, and 40-49 years). Linear regression analyzed the relationship between the 20MSFT to the 2.4-km run (using both seconds and km·h-1), producing predictive equations to translate scores between the 2 assessments. These data presented the first detailed normative values by age and sex for Australian law enforcement recruits. Furthermore, the results demonstrated regression models could explain 65-74% of the variance observed (r2 = 0.649-0.741) between 20MSFT performance and 2.4-km run performance. This study's findings allow for normative performance for the purpose of benchmarking fitness, setting performance goal, and rehabilitation from injury. In addition, a valid conversion through a linear regression affords cross-agency comparisons and temporal changes in test selection/recruit cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004862
Imtiaz Desai, Michael A Wewege, Matthew D Jones, Briana K Clifford, Anurag Pandit, Nadeem O Kaakoush, David Simar, Amanda D Hagstrom
Abstract: Desai, I, Wewege, MA, Jones, MD, Clifford, BK, Pandit, A, Kaakoush, NO, Simar, D, and Hagstrom, AD. The effect of creatine supplementation on resistance training-based changes to body composition: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The purpose of this review was to determine the added effect of creatine supplementation on changes in body composition with resistance training in adults younger than 50 years. The review protocol was preregistered on the Open Science Framework (osf.io/x48a6/). Our primary outcome was lean body mass (LBM); secondary outcomes were body fat percentage (%) and body fat mass (kg). We performed a random-effects meta-analysis in R using the metafor package. Subgroup analyses were conducted to examine the effects of training status and use of a carbohydrate drink with creatine. We conducted a meta-regression to examine the moderating effect of total training volume. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. One thousand six hundred ninety-four records were screened, and 67 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis. Fifty-two percentages of the studies had low risk, 41% some concerns, and 7% high risk of bias. Compared with resistance training (RT) alone, creatine supplementation increased LBM by 1.14 kg (95% CI 0.69 to 1.59), and reduced body fat percentage by -0.88% (95% CI -1.66 to -0.11) and body fat mass by -0.73 kg (95% CI -1.34 to -0.11). There were no differences between training status or carbohydrate subgroups. Training volume was not associated with effect size in all outcomes; 7 g or 0.3 g/kg of body mass of creatine per day is likely to increase LBM by 1 kg and reduce fat mass by 0.7 kg more than RT alone. Concurrent carbohydrate ingestion did not enhance the hypertrophy benefits of creatine.
Abstract: Desai, I, Wewege, MA, Jones, MD, Clifford, BK, Pandit, A, Kaakoush, NO, Simar, D, and Hagstrom, AD.肌酸补充剂对基于阻力训练的身体成分变化的影响:系统回顾和荟萃分析。J Strength Cond Res XX(X):000-000,2024-本综述旨在确定肌酸补充剂对 50 岁以下成年人通过阻力训练改变身体成分的额外影响。综述方案已在开放科学框架(osf.io/x48a6/)上进行了预先注册。我们的主要结果是瘦体重(LBM);次要结果是体脂百分比(%)和体脂质量(公斤)。我们在 R 中使用 metafor 软件包进行了随机效应荟萃分析。我们还进行了分组分析,以研究训练状况和使用含肌酸的碳水化合物饮料的影响。我们还进行了元回归分析,以研究总训练量的调节作用。统计显著性以 p < 0.05 为标准。我们筛选了 1694 条记录,并对 67 篇全文文章进行了资格评估。12 项研究被纳入荟萃分析。52%的研究存在低偏倚风险,41%的研究存在一些问题,7%的研究存在高偏倚风险。与单独进行阻力训练(RT)相比,补充肌酸可使体重增加 1.14 千克(95% CI 0.69 至 1.59),体脂率降低-0.88%(95% CI -1.66 至 -0.11),体脂量降低-0.73 千克(95% CI -1.34 至 -0.11)。训练状况或碳水化合物亚组之间没有差异。训练量与所有结果的影响大小无关;与单纯 RT 相比,每天摄入 7 克或每公斤体重 0.3 克肌酸可能会增加 1 公斤体重,减少 0.7 公斤脂肪。同时摄入碳水化合物不会增强肌酸对肥大的益处。
{"title":"The Effect of Creatine Supplementation on Resistance Training-Based Changes to Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Imtiaz Desai, Michael A Wewege, Matthew D Jones, Briana K Clifford, Anurag Pandit, Nadeem O Kaakoush, David Simar, Amanda D Hagstrom","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000004862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Desai, I, Wewege, MA, Jones, MD, Clifford, BK, Pandit, A, Kaakoush, NO, Simar, D, and Hagstrom, AD. The effect of creatine supplementation on resistance training-based changes to body composition: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The purpose of this review was to determine the added effect of creatine supplementation on changes in body composition with resistance training in adults younger than 50 years. The review protocol was preregistered on the Open Science Framework (osf.io/x48a6/). Our primary outcome was lean body mass (LBM); secondary outcomes were body fat percentage (%) and body fat mass (kg). We performed a random-effects meta-analysis in R using the metafor package. Subgroup analyses were conducted to examine the effects of training status and use of a carbohydrate drink with creatine. We conducted a meta-regression to examine the moderating effect of total training volume. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. One thousand six hundred ninety-four records were screened, and 67 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Twelve studies were included in the meta-analysis. Fifty-two percentages of the studies had low risk, 41% some concerns, and 7% high risk of bias. Compared with resistance training (RT) alone, creatine supplementation increased LBM by 1.14 kg (95% CI 0.69 to 1.59), and reduced body fat percentage by -0.88% (95% CI -1.66 to -0.11) and body fat mass by -0.73 kg (95% CI -1.34 to -0.11). There were no differences between training status or carbohydrate subgroups. Training volume was not associated with effect size in all outcomes; 7 g or 0.3 g/kg of body mass of creatine per day is likely to increase LBM by 1 kg and reduce fat mass by 0.7 kg more than RT alone. Concurrent carbohydrate ingestion did not enhance the hypertrophy benefits of creatine.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004859
Raja Bouguezzi, Yassine Negra, Senda Sammoud, Aaron Uthoff, Jason Moran, Martin Behrens, Helmi Chaabene
Abstract: Bouguezzi, R, Negra, Y, Sammoud, S, Uthoff, A, Moran, J, Behrens, M, and Chaabene, H. The effects of volume-matched 1- and 2-day repeated backward sprint training formats on physical performance in youth male soccer players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-This study examined the effects of a 6-week, 1 vs. 2 sessions of volume-matched weekly repeated backward sprint training (RBST) on measures of physical fitness in youth male soccer players. Thirty male youth soccer players from a regional soccer team were randomly assigned to a 2-day group (n = 15; age = 16.40 ± 0.64 years; Maturity-offset = 2.19 ± 0.65 years) or a 1-day group (n = 15; age = 16.27 ± 0.51 years; Maturity-offset = 1.91 ± 0.40 years). Measures of jumping ability, linear sprint speed, change-of-direction (CoD) speed, aerobic endurance (AE), and repeated sprint ability (RSA) were measured before and after 6 weeks of training. The training interventions involved 1 to 2 sets, each comprising 7 repetitions over a 20-m distance of RBST in the 2-day group, and 2 to 4 sets, also with 7 repetitions each over the same distance, in the 1-day group. Statistical analyses were conducted using the analysis of covariance model with baseline measurements entered as covariates. Results indicated that RBST over 2 days generated greater benefits compared with a single day for improving CoD speed (∆4.91 vs. 0.04%; effect size [d] = 0.78 vs. 0.00, respectively), linear sprint speed (10-m: ∆4.74 vs. 0.36%; d = 0.96 vs. 0.00, respectively; 20 m: ∆3.34 vs. 0.82%; d = 1.00 vs. 0.49, respectively), and RSA performances (RSAbest: ∆2.61 vs. 0.29%; d = 0.71 vs. 0.16, respectively; RSAmean: ∆2.86 vs. 0.89%; d = 0.59 vs. 0.16, respectively; RSAtotal: ∆2.86 vs. 0.89%; d = 0.62 vs. 0.41, respectively). However, similar improvements in the 2 RBST formats were observed on jumping (2-day group: ∆6.9%; d = 0.75; 1-day group: ∆10.6%, d = 1.26) and AE performance (2-day group: ∆17.24%, d = 1.04; 1-day group: ∆27.25%, d = 2.25). In summary, the findings suggest that, when volume is matched, spreading the RBST regimen over 2 days may result in greater improvements compared with a single-day approach for enhancing CoD speed, linear sprint speed, and RSA performance.
Abstract: Bouguezzi, R, Negra, Y, Sammoud, S, Uthoff, A, Moran, J, Behrens, M, and Chaabene, H. The effects of volume-matched 1-day and 2-day repeated backward sprint training formats on physical performance in youth male soccer players.J Strength Cond Res XX(X):000-000,2024--本研究考察了为期 6 周、每周 1 次与 2 次运动量相匹配的重复向后冲刺训练(RBST)对青少年男子足球运动员体能测量的影响。来自一个地区足球队的 30 名青少年男子足球运动员被随机分配到 2 天组(n = 15;年龄 = 16.40 ± 0.64 岁;成熟度偏差 = 2.19 ± 0.65 岁)或 1 天组(n = 15;年龄 = 16.27 ± 0.51 岁;成熟度偏差 = 1.91 ± 0.40 岁)。在训练前和训练 6 周后,测量了跳跃能力、直线冲刺速度、变向速度、有氧耐力和重复冲刺能力。在为期 2 天的组别中,训练干预包括 1 至 2 组,每组重复 7 次 20 米距离的 RBST;在为期 1 天的组别中,训练干预包括 2 至 4 组,每组重复 7 次相同距离的 RBST。统计分析采用协方差分析模型,并将基线测量值作为协变量。结果表明,与单日训练相比,2 天的 RBST 对提高 CoD 速度(Δ4.91 vs. 0.04%;效应大小 [d] = 0.78 vs. 0.00)、线性冲刺速度(10 米:Δ4.74 vs. 0.36%;效应大小 [d] = 0.78 vs. 0.00)产生了更大的益处。74 vs. 0.36%; effect size [d] = 0.96 vs. 0.00, respectively; 20 m: ∆3.34 vs. 0.82%; d = 1.00 vs. 0.49, respectively)和 RSA 表现(RSAbest: ∆2.61 vs. 0.29%; d = 0.71 vs. 0.16, respectively; RSAmean:∆0.89%; d = 0.59 vs. 0.16; RSAtotal: ∆2.86 vs. 0.89%; d = 0.62 vs. 0.41)。然而,两种 RBST 形式在跳跃(2 天组:∆6.9%;d = 0.75;1 天组:∆10.6%,d = 1.26)和 AE 表现(2 天组:∆17.24%,d = 1.04;1 天组:∆27.25%,d = 2.25)方面的改善相似。总之,研究结果表明,在运动量匹配的情况下,与单日疗法相比,分两天进行 RBST 疗程可能会在提高 CoD 速度、线性冲刺速度和 RSA 性能方面取得更大的进步。
{"title":"The Effects of Volume-Matched 1- and 2-Day Repeated Backward Sprint Training Formats on Physical Performance in Youth Male Soccer Players.","authors":"Raja Bouguezzi, Yassine Negra, Senda Sammoud, Aaron Uthoff, Jason Moran, Martin Behrens, Helmi Chaabene","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000004859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Bouguezzi, R, Negra, Y, Sammoud, S, Uthoff, A, Moran, J, Behrens, M, and Chaabene, H. The effects of volume-matched 1- and 2-day repeated backward sprint training formats on physical performance in youth male soccer players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-This study examined the effects of a 6-week, 1 vs. 2 sessions of volume-matched weekly repeated backward sprint training (RBST) on measures of physical fitness in youth male soccer players. Thirty male youth soccer players from a regional soccer team were randomly assigned to a 2-day group (n = 15; age = 16.40 ± 0.64 years; Maturity-offset = 2.19 ± 0.65 years) or a 1-day group (n = 15; age = 16.27 ± 0.51 years; Maturity-offset = 1.91 ± 0.40 years). Measures of jumping ability, linear sprint speed, change-of-direction (CoD) speed, aerobic endurance (AE), and repeated sprint ability (RSA) were measured before and after 6 weeks of training. The training interventions involved 1 to 2 sets, each comprising 7 repetitions over a 20-m distance of RBST in the 2-day group, and 2 to 4 sets, also with 7 repetitions each over the same distance, in the 1-day group. Statistical analyses were conducted using the analysis of covariance model with baseline measurements entered as covariates. Results indicated that RBST over 2 days generated greater benefits compared with a single day for improving CoD speed (∆4.91 vs. 0.04%; effect size [d] = 0.78 vs. 0.00, respectively), linear sprint speed (10-m: ∆4.74 vs. 0.36%; d = 0.96 vs. 0.00, respectively; 20 m: ∆3.34 vs. 0.82%; d = 1.00 vs. 0.49, respectively), and RSA performances (RSAbest: ∆2.61 vs. 0.29%; d = 0.71 vs. 0.16, respectively; RSAmean: ∆2.86 vs. 0.89%; d = 0.59 vs. 0.16, respectively; RSAtotal: ∆2.86 vs. 0.89%; d = 0.62 vs. 0.41, respectively). However, similar improvements in the 2 RBST formats were observed on jumping (2-day group: ∆6.9%; d = 0.75; 1-day group: ∆10.6%, d = 1.26) and AE performance (2-day group: ∆17.24%, d = 1.04; 1-day group: ∆27.25%, d = 2.25). In summary, the findings suggest that, when volume is matched, spreading the RBST regimen over 2 days may result in greater improvements compared with a single-day approach for enhancing CoD speed, linear sprint speed, and RSA performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004897
Juan Rabal-Pelay, Héctor Gutiérrez, Pablo Jesús Bascuas, Fernando Pareja-Blanco, Luis Alberto Marco-Contreras
Abstract: Rabal-Pelay, J, Gutiérrez, H, Bascuas, P-J, Pareja-Blanco, F, and Marco-Contreras, LA. Load-velocity relationship in the Bulgarian split-squat exercise. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The objective of the current research was to analyze the load-velocity relationship in the Bulgarian split-squat (BSS) exercise and to compare these relationships between the dominant and nondominant legs. Twenty-one strength-trained men (age: 27.3 ± 7.3 years) performed a progressive loading test in the BSS exercise using a Smith machine for each leg. The protocol began with a load of 30 kg, incrementally adding 10 kg until the mean propulsive velocity (MPV) fell below 0.4 m·s-1. At that point, 5 kg increments were employed, with a final addition of 2.5 kg for the last estimated attempt one-repetition maximum (1RM). A total of 324 lifts were analyzed. Subjects exhibited a relative strength ratio of 1.23 ± 0.10, a 1RM of 91.3 ± 14.2 kg, and a mean range of motion of 44.7 ± 3.7 cm. Polynomial regression analysis showed a robust relationship with an R2 value of 0.945 (ρ ≤ 0.001) between the relative load (%1RM) and MPV. Despite the differences in 1RM between the dominant and nondominant legs, there were no significant differences in MPV at the %1RM between both legs. These findings suggest that training intensity can be prescribed via the MPV during the BSS exercise. Moreover, the load-velocity relationship is stable between limbs despite the potential differences in absolute strength levels.
{"title":"Load-Velocity Relationship in the Bulgarian Split-Squat Exercise.","authors":"Juan Rabal-Pelay, Héctor Gutiérrez, Pablo Jesús Bascuas, Fernando Pareja-Blanco, Luis Alberto Marco-Contreras","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000004897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Rabal-Pelay, J, Gutiérrez, H, Bascuas, P-J, Pareja-Blanco, F, and Marco-Contreras, LA. Load-velocity relationship in the Bulgarian split-squat exercise. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The objective of the current research was to analyze the load-velocity relationship in the Bulgarian split-squat (BSS) exercise and to compare these relationships between the dominant and nondominant legs. Twenty-one strength-trained men (age: 27.3 ± 7.3 years) performed a progressive loading test in the BSS exercise using a Smith machine for each leg. The protocol began with a load of 30 kg, incrementally adding 10 kg until the mean propulsive velocity (MPV) fell below 0.4 m·s-1. At that point, 5 kg increments were employed, with a final addition of 2.5 kg for the last estimated attempt one-repetition maximum (1RM). A total of 324 lifts were analyzed. Subjects exhibited a relative strength ratio of 1.23 ± 0.10, a 1RM of 91.3 ± 14.2 kg, and a mean range of motion of 44.7 ± 3.7 cm. Polynomial regression analysis showed a robust relationship with an R2 value of 0.945 (ρ ≤ 0.001) between the relative load (%1RM) and MPV. Despite the differences in 1RM between the dominant and nondominant legs, there were no significant differences in MPV at the %1RM between both legs. These findings suggest that training intensity can be prescribed via the MPV during the BSS exercise. Moreover, the load-velocity relationship is stable between limbs despite the potential differences in absolute strength levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004887
Taylor P M Leonhardt, Philip D Chilibeck, Jongbum Ko, Gordon A Zello
Abstract: Leonhardt, TPM, Chilibeck, PD, Ko, J, and Zello, GA. Nutrition knowledge and dietary adequacy in powerlifters. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-Athletes competing in weight categories (e.g., powerlifters) often restrict food intake approaching competition, which may be detrimental to health and performance. Our purpose was to assess the effect of nutrition knowledge, sex, and time (off-season versus precompetition, when athletes often cut weight) on dietary adequacy in powerlifters. Twenty-three powerlifters (10 females; 30.7 ± 11.2 years) completed questionnaires to assess nutrition knowledge and dietary adequacy. Athletes with higher nutrition knowledge consumed more fruits and nuts and less vitamin B2, B3 across all time points (p < 0.05) and a greater number (73%) were above the recommended dietary allowance for vitamin D compared with athletes with lower nutrition knowledge (50%) (p < 0.05). Male powerlifters with higher nutrition knowledge consumed less alcohol and vitamin A than male powerlifters with lower nutrition knowledge (p < 0.05). Female powerlifters with higher nutrition knowledge consumed less sugar and beverage calories than female powerlifters with lower nutrition knowledge (p < 0.05). Intake of alcohol and carbohydrate decreased, and meat calories increased from off-season to precompetition (p < 0.05). Male powerlifters increased B-vitamins, whereas female powerlifters decreased B-vitamin and sugar consumption approaching competition (p < 0.05). Male powerlifters increased water consumption versus female powerlifters approaching competition (sex × time, p < 0.05). There was no effect of nutrition knowledge on dietary changes approaching competition. Nutrition knowledge, sex, and competitive season affect dietary intake of powerlifters. A higher nutrition knowledge predicts a higher intake of some foods and nutrients important for health and performance. Female powerlifters should pay close attention to the intake of B-vitamins and water before competitions when many are trying to cut weight.
摘要: Leonhardt、TPM、Chilibeck、PD、Ko、J 和 Zello、GA。力量举运动员的营养知识和膳食充足性。J Strength Cond Res XX(X):000-000,2024-参加重量级比赛的运动员(如举重运动员)在临近比赛时往往会限制食物摄入量,这可能会损害健康和成绩。我们的目的是评估营养知识、性别和时间(休赛期与赛前,此时运动员经常减重)对举重运动员膳食充足性的影响。23 名举重运动员(10 名女性;30.7 ± 11.2 岁)填写了评估营养知识和膳食充足性的问卷。与营养知识水平较低的运动员(50%)相比,营养知识水平较高的运动员在所有时间点上都摄入了更多的水果和坚果,摄入了较少的维生素 B2 和 B3(P < 0.05),而且有更多的运动员(73%)的维生素 D 摄入量超过了推荐的膳食摄入量(P < 0.05)。营养知识水平较高的男性举重运动员比营养知识水平较低的男性举重运动员摄入的酒精和维生素 A 更少(P < 0.05)。与营养知识水平较低的女性举重运动员相比,营养知识水平较高的女性举重运动员摄入的糖分和饮料热量较少(P < 0.05)。从淡季到赛前,酒精和碳水化合物的摄入量减少,肉类热量增加(p < 0.05)。临近比赛时,男性举重运动员增加了维生素 B 的摄入量,而女性举重运动员则减少了维生素 B 和糖的摄入量(p < 0.05)。临近比赛时,男性举重运动员比女性举重运动员增加了饮水量(性别×时间,P<0.05)。营养知识对临近比赛时的饮食变化没有影响。营养知识、性别和比赛季节会影响举重运动员的饮食摄入量。营养知识越丰富,对健康和成绩越重要的一些食物和营养素的摄入量就越高。女性举重运动员在比赛前应密切关注 B 族维生素和水的摄入量,因为许多人都在努力减轻体重。
{"title":"Nutrition Knowledge and Dietary Adequacy in Powerlifters.","authors":"Taylor P M Leonhardt, Philip D Chilibeck, Jongbum Ko, Gordon A Zello","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000004887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Leonhardt, TPM, Chilibeck, PD, Ko, J, and Zello, GA. Nutrition knowledge and dietary adequacy in powerlifters. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-Athletes competing in weight categories (e.g., powerlifters) often restrict food intake approaching competition, which may be detrimental to health and performance. Our purpose was to assess the effect of nutrition knowledge, sex, and time (off-season versus precompetition, when athletes often cut weight) on dietary adequacy in powerlifters. Twenty-three powerlifters (10 females; 30.7 ± 11.2 years) completed questionnaires to assess nutrition knowledge and dietary adequacy. Athletes with higher nutrition knowledge consumed more fruits and nuts and less vitamin B2, B3 across all time points (p < 0.05) and a greater number (73%) were above the recommended dietary allowance for vitamin D compared with athletes with lower nutrition knowledge (50%) (p < 0.05). Male powerlifters with higher nutrition knowledge consumed less alcohol and vitamin A than male powerlifters with lower nutrition knowledge (p < 0.05). Female powerlifters with higher nutrition knowledge consumed less sugar and beverage calories than female powerlifters with lower nutrition knowledge (p < 0.05). Intake of alcohol and carbohydrate decreased, and meat calories increased from off-season to precompetition (p < 0.05). Male powerlifters increased B-vitamins, whereas female powerlifters decreased B-vitamin and sugar consumption approaching competition (p < 0.05). Male powerlifters increased water consumption versus female powerlifters approaching competition (sex × time, p < 0.05). There was no effect of nutrition knowledge on dietary changes approaching competition. Nutrition knowledge, sex, and competitive season affect dietary intake of powerlifters. A higher nutrition knowledge predicts a higher intake of some foods and nutrients important for health and performance. Female powerlifters should pay close attention to the intake of B-vitamins and water before competitions when many are trying to cut weight.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004874
Caleb C Calaway, Kylie J Martinez, Ana Raquel Calzada Bichili, Joseph H Caplan, William P Milgrim, J Bryan Mann, Ihtsham Haq, Joseph F Signorile
Abstract: Calaway, CC, Martinez, KJ, Calzada Bichili, AR, Caplan, JH, Milgrim, WP, Mann, JB, Haq, I, and Signorile, JF. Velocity-based training affects function, strength, and power in persons with Parkinson's disease. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-Velocity-based training (VBT) is commonly associated with high-level athletes. No study has examined the effects of VBT on performance in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD). The objective of the study was to compare the effects of 10 and 30% velocity-loss threshold protocols on changes in functional performance, strength, and power in persons with PD after 12 weeks of supervised VBT, 3 days per week. Twenty-one subjects with PD (72.9 ± 5.9 y) were randomly assigned to the 10% or 30% velocity-loss threshold group and performed the 6-m walk test at habitual and maximal gait speed (6MWTMax), the 5 time sit-to-stand test (5 × STS), 1 repetition maximum (1RM), and peak power (PP) testing for the chest press (CP) and leg press (LP) exercise. A mixed ANOVA with significance was set a priori at 0.05 revealed that significant time effects were seen for the 6MWT at maximal speed (MDiff ± SD = 0.22 ± 0.04 m·s-1, p < 0.001), 5-time sit-to-stand time (-1.48 ± 0.45 seconds, p = 0.005) and power (75.5 ± 22.7 W, p = 0.005), 1RM for CP (5.1 ± 1.1 kg, p < 0.001) and LP (12.6 ± 3.7 kg, p = 0.005), and LP-PP (43.6 ± 13.2 W, p = 0.006). Secondary analyses revealed time effects for the load at which PP was achieved for the CP exercise. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed no significant differences in the percentage of 1RM at which PP was achieved for either condition. Results indicate that VBT is an effective training modality for improving functional capacity, strength, and power in persons with PD; however, shifts in force-velocity relationships were not evidenced.
{"title":"Velocity-Based Training Affects Function, Strength, and Power in Persons with Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Caleb C Calaway, Kylie J Martinez, Ana Raquel Calzada Bichili, Joseph H Caplan, William P Milgrim, J Bryan Mann, Ihtsham Haq, Joseph F Signorile","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000004874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Calaway, CC, Martinez, KJ, Calzada Bichili, AR, Caplan, JH, Milgrim, WP, Mann, JB, Haq, I, and Signorile, JF. Velocity-based training affects function, strength, and power in persons with Parkinson's disease. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-Velocity-based training (VBT) is commonly associated with high-level athletes. No study has examined the effects of VBT on performance in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD). The objective of the study was to compare the effects of 10 and 30% velocity-loss threshold protocols on changes in functional performance, strength, and power in persons with PD after 12 weeks of supervised VBT, 3 days per week. Twenty-one subjects with PD (72.9 ± 5.9 y) were randomly assigned to the 10% or 30% velocity-loss threshold group and performed the 6-m walk test at habitual and maximal gait speed (6MWTMax), the 5 time sit-to-stand test (5 × STS), 1 repetition maximum (1RM), and peak power (PP) testing for the chest press (CP) and leg press (LP) exercise. A mixed ANOVA with significance was set a priori at 0.05 revealed that significant time effects were seen for the 6MWT at maximal speed (MDiff ± SD = 0.22 ± 0.04 m·s-1, p < 0.001), 5-time sit-to-stand time (-1.48 ± 0.45 seconds, p = 0.005) and power (75.5 ± 22.7 W, p = 0.005), 1RM for CP (5.1 ± 1.1 kg, p < 0.001) and LP (12.6 ± 3.7 kg, p = 0.005), and LP-PP (43.6 ± 13.2 W, p = 0.006). Secondary analyses revealed time effects for the load at which PP was achieved for the CP exercise. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed no significant differences in the percentage of 1RM at which PP was achieved for either condition. Results indicate that VBT is an effective training modality for improving functional capacity, strength, and power in persons with PD; however, shifts in force-velocity relationships were not evidenced.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004890
Josua Skratek, Björn Kadlubowski, Michael Keiner
Abstract: Skratek, J, Kadlubowski, B, and Keiner, M. The effect of traditional strength training on sprint and jump performance in 12- to 15-year-old elite soccer players: a 12-month controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of traditional strength training on maximum strength (1 repetition maximum in front squat [FS] and back squat [BS]), jump (squat and countermovement jump), and linear sprint (LS) performance (5, 10, and 30 m) in elite young soccer players. A 12-month longitudinal design was chosen, and 48 elite male youth soccer players (age: 12-15 years) were included. The subjects were divided in 2 groups (a strength training group [STG] and a control group [CG]). The intervention group trained for 1 year over a competitive soccer season with additional sessions to their regular soccer practice (4 sessions per week), while the CG did not complete any additional sessions to the regular soccer training (4 sessions per week). The additional strength training (2 sessions per week [each approximately 30 minutes]) consisted of either parallel FS or BS. The squat variants switched in each session. Data were analyzed using a 2 × 3 (group × time) repeated-measures analysis of variance. The main findings of this study were that the STG resulted in significant pretest and post-test improvements in maximum strength (d = 3.75-5.58), jump (d = 0.84-1.14), and LS performance (d = -0.25 to 0.44), while for the CG, smaller increases or performance decreases were measured (maximum strength: d = 1.64-2.7; jump: d = 0.12-0.31; sprint: d = 0.00-025). A significant interaction effect in all variables indicated significant (p < 0.05) stronger performance improvements compared with the CG. Traditional strength training in elite youth soccer players is recommended to increase strength and speed-strength (jump and sprint performance) and should be considered in long-term athletic development programs.
{"title":"The Effect of Traditional Strength Training on Sprint and Jump Performance in 12- to 15-Year-Old Elite Soccer Players: A 12-Month Controlled Trial.","authors":"Josua Skratek, Björn Kadlubowski, Michael Keiner","doi":"10.1519/JSC.0000000000004890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000004890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Skratek, J, Kadlubowski, B, and Keiner, M. The effect of traditional strength training on sprint and jump performance in 12- to 15-year-old elite soccer players: a 12-month controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of traditional strength training on maximum strength (1 repetition maximum in front squat [FS] and back squat [BS]), jump (squat and countermovement jump), and linear sprint (LS) performance (5, 10, and 30 m) in elite young soccer players. A 12-month longitudinal design was chosen, and 48 elite male youth soccer players (age: 12-15 years) were included. The subjects were divided in 2 groups (a strength training group [STG] and a control group [CG]). The intervention group trained for 1 year over a competitive soccer season with additional sessions to their regular soccer practice (4 sessions per week), while the CG did not complete any additional sessions to the regular soccer training (4 sessions per week). The additional strength training (2 sessions per week [each approximately 30 minutes]) consisted of either parallel FS or BS. The squat variants switched in each session. Data were analyzed using a 2 × 3 (group × time) repeated-measures analysis of variance. The main findings of this study were that the STG resulted in significant pretest and post-test improvements in maximum strength (d = 3.75-5.58), jump (d = 0.84-1.14), and LS performance (d = -0.25 to 0.44), while for the CG, smaller increases or performance decreases were measured (maximum strength: d = 1.64-2.7; jump: d = 0.12-0.31; sprint: d = 0.00-025). A significant interaction effect in all variables indicated significant (p < 0.05) stronger performance improvements compared with the CG. Traditional strength training in elite youth soccer players is recommended to increase strength and speed-strength (jump and sprint performance) and should be considered in long-term athletic development programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17129,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}