Pub Date : 2015-09-11DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.S1.002
A. Lacreuse
R studies have greatly advanced our understanding of the effects of sex steroids on the brain and cognition. Yet, significant differences between rodent and human endocrinology and cognition limit the translational impact of rodent findings. Studies in nonhuman primates (NHP) are useful to determine whether the mechanisms identified in rodents apply to primates and to help refine therapies that are optimal for human health. This presentation will review the current state of knowledge about the effects of estrogens and androgens on the brain and cognition in NHP across the adult lifespan. The data presented suggest that estrogens benefit several aspects of cognitive function in aged females, without having significant effect in young adult females. There is still a paucity of studies examining the effects of androgens on cognition in male NHP. Data from our lab suggest that testosterone influences emotion more than it does cognition in young and older males. The implications of the NHP findings for human hormonal replacement therapy will be discussed.
{"title":"Sex steroids and cognition in nonhuman primates","authors":"A. Lacreuse","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.S1.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.S1.002","url":null,"abstract":"R studies have greatly advanced our understanding of the effects of sex steroids on the brain and cognition. Yet, significant differences between rodent and human endocrinology and cognition limit the translational impact of rodent findings. Studies in nonhuman primates (NHP) are useful to determine whether the mechanisms identified in rodents apply to primates and to help refine therapies that are optimal for human health. This presentation will review the current state of knowledge about the effects of estrogens and androgens on the brain and cognition in NHP across the adult lifespan. The data presented suggest that estrogens benefit several aspects of cognitive function in aged females, without having significant effect in young adult females. There is still a paucity of studies examining the effects of androgens on cognition in male NHP. Data from our lab suggest that testosterone influences emotion more than it does cognition in young and older males. The implications of the NHP findings for human hormonal replacement therapy will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73875073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-09DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000160
Ashok Kumar, S. Agarwal, S. Pradhan
Aim: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is due to CTG repeats in the 3’UTR region of DMPK gene. It has an incidence of 1 in 8000 in the Western European and North American populations and a lower incidence of 1 in 20,000 in Japan. However, prevalence of the disease in diverse Indian populations is still unknown. Materials and Methods: The intention of the present study was to perform the meta-analysis to investigate the different ethnic frequency and risk ratio of DM1 in different populations of the world including India. Total twelve populations belong from Europeans, Asians and American were included in the present study. Meta-analyst was used for the analysis. Results: The meta-analysis of the seven European populations demonstrated that Italian population had higher risk ratio in comparison to other studied population. Similarly, the three Asian populations demonstrated that South Indian population had higher risk ratio in comparison of North India and Korean population. In addition, the meta-analysis of two American population postulated that Canada had higher risk ratio in comparison of Brazil. Conclusion: A vast ethnic variation in frequency of DMPK gene of different population of DM1, and expanded CTG repeat alleles as well as associated risk.
{"title":"Variable Ethnic Frequency and Risk Ratio of DMPK Gene: A Meta-Analysis Survey","authors":"Ashok Kumar, S. Agarwal, S. Pradhan","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000160","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is due to CTG repeats in the 3’UTR region of DMPK gene. It has an incidence of 1 in 8000 in the Western European and North American populations and a lower incidence of 1 in 20,000 in Japan. However, prevalence of the disease in diverse Indian populations is still unknown. Materials and Methods: The intention of the present study was to perform the meta-analysis to investigate the different ethnic frequency and risk ratio of DM1 in different populations of the world including India. Total twelve populations belong from Europeans, Asians and American were included in the present study. Meta-analyst was used for the analysis. Results: The meta-analysis of the seven European populations demonstrated that Italian population had higher risk ratio in comparison to other studied population. Similarly, the three Asian populations demonstrated that South Indian population had higher risk ratio in comparison of North India and Korean population. In addition, the meta-analysis of two American population postulated that Canada had higher risk ratio in comparison of Brazil. Conclusion: A vast ethnic variation in frequency of DMPK gene of different population of DM1, and expanded CTG repeat alleles as well as associated risk.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"38 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89224792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-24DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000158
G. Moroni, R. Gaziano, C. Buè, M. Agostini, C. Perno, P. Sinibaldi‐Vallebona, F. Pica
Melanoma is a widespread cancer with poor prognosis. Female hormones are known to be capable of influencing melanoma progression but clinical data related to pregnancy, oral contraception and hormone replacement therapy are controversial. A few reports show that in vitro progesterone (PG) affects melanoma growth in nuclear progesterone receptor (nPR)-positive and nPR-negative cells, but the experimental protocols used are quite different and the results are not univocal. Further research on this topic is thus needed especially in view of the widespread use of PG in clinical practice. In this study, we used human melanoma cells (A-375), which were cultured in vitro in the presence or absence of a wide range of PG concentrations (from 0.01 to 1000 M) in single treatment. Daily cell count, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assay were performed. Our results show that the low PG concentrations (from 0.01 to 1.0 M) promote a significant increase of melanoma cell proliferation but this growth-stimulatory effect is not observed at 10 M PG and the higher PG concentrations (i.e. 100 and 1000 M) induce a cell density reduction which is the result of both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. These findings confirm and extend previous observations reported in the international literature. A higher caution in the clinical use of progesterone is thus mandatory, since PG concentrations capable of stimulating melanoma cell proliferation are very close to those commonly used in a wide spectrum of physio-pathological conditions.
黑色素瘤是一种广泛存在且预后不良的癌症。众所周知，女性激素能够影响黑色素瘤的进展，但与妊娠、口服避孕药和激素替代疗法相关的临床数据存在争议。一些报道表明，体外孕酮(PG)影响核孕酮受体(nPR)阳性和nPR阴性细胞的黑色素瘤生长，但使用的实验方案有很大不同，结果也不是单一的。因此，鉴于PG在临床中的广泛应用，需要对这一主题进行进一步的研究。在这项研究中，我们使用人类黑色素瘤细胞(a -375)，在体外培养，在单次处理中存在或不存在广泛的PG浓度(从0.01到1000 M)。进行每日细胞计数、细胞周期分析和细胞凋亡实验。我们的研究结果表明，低浓度的PG(从0.01到1.0 M)促进了黑色素瘤细胞增殖的显著增加，但这种生长刺激作用在10 M PG时没有观察到，而较高浓度的PG(即100和1000 M)诱导细胞密度降低，这是细胞周期阻滞和凋亡的结果。这些发现证实并扩展了国际文献中报道的先前观察结果。因此，在临床使用黄体酮时必须更加谨慎，因为能够刺激黑色素瘤细胞增殖的PG浓度与广泛的生理病理条件下常用的浓度非常接近。
{"title":"Progesterone and Melanoma Cells: An Old Story Suspended between Life and Death","authors":"G. Moroni, R. Gaziano, C. Buè, M. Agostini, C. Perno, P. Sinibaldi‐Vallebona, F. Pica","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000158","url":null,"abstract":"Melanoma is a widespread cancer with poor prognosis. Female hormones are known to be capable of influencing melanoma progression but clinical data related to pregnancy, oral contraception and hormone replacement therapy are controversial. A few reports show that in vitro progesterone (PG) affects melanoma growth in nuclear progesterone receptor (nPR)-positive and nPR-negative cells, but the experimental protocols used are quite different and the results are not univocal. Further research on this topic is thus needed especially in view of the widespread use of PG in clinical practice. In this study, we used human melanoma cells (A-375), which were cultured in vitro in the presence or absence of a wide range of PG concentrations (from 0.01 to 1000 M) in single treatment. Daily cell count, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assay were performed. Our results show that the low PG concentrations (from 0.01 to 1.0 M) promote a significant increase of melanoma cell proliferation but this growth-stimulatory effect is not observed at 10 M PG and the higher PG concentrations (i.e. 100 and 1000 M) induce a cell density reduction which is the result of both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. These findings confirm and extend previous observations reported in the international literature. A higher caution in the clinical use of progesterone is thus mandatory, since PG concentrations capable of stimulating melanoma cell proliferation are very close to those commonly used in a wide spectrum of physio-pathological conditions.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"51 15","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91468072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-24DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000-E115
Nguyen Minh Nam
Breast cancer is the most common leading cause of cancer-related death in women world wide and it is a molecular heterogeneous disease. The heterogeneous expression of hormone receptors such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2, has been used to divide breast cancer patients into intrinsic subtypes based on the present or absence of these hormone receptors. And it also helps guide judicious treatment decisions in response to either hormonal therrapy, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. Hormonal therapies such as tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors or any therapies that target HER2 receptors line like Herceptin, are helpful in hormone receptor-positive breast cancers, but not in patients whose tumors are hormone receptor negative. However, identification of patients who might benefit from these treatments and who are at high risk of reoccurrence and resistance after treatment need to improve.
{"title":"Gene Signature: A Guideline for Hormonal Therapy in Breast Cancer","authors":"Nguyen Minh Nam","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000-E115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000-E115","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is the most common leading cause of cancer-related death in women world wide and it is a molecular heterogeneous disease. The heterogeneous expression of hormone receptors such as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2, has been used to divide breast cancer patients into intrinsic subtypes based on the present or absence of these hormone receptors. And it also helps guide judicious treatment decisions in response to either hormonal therrapy, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. Hormonal therapies such as tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors or any therapies that target HER2 receptors line like Herceptin, are helpful in hormone receptor-positive breast cancers, but not in patients whose tumors are hormone receptor negative. However, identification of patients who might benefit from these treatments and who are at high risk of reoccurrence and resistance after treatment need to improve.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88931722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-20DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000157
P. Bhavi, Ya, A. Vennepureddy, Neeraj Shah, Deepak Asti, Nikhil Nalluri, K. Ruben, Ov
Bhavi Pandya1*, Adarsh Vennepureddy1, Neeraj Shah1, Deepak Asti2, Nikhil Nalluri1 and Ruben Kandov2 1Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, NY, USA 2Department of Cardiology, Staten Island University Hospital, NY, USA *Corresponding author: Bhavi Pandya, MBBS, Department of Internal medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island, NY 10305, USA, Tel: +1 9099643904; E-mail: dr.bhavipandya@gmail.com
{"title":"Acute Myocarditis in a Patient Using Testosterone Diagnosed by Cardiac MRI","authors":"P. Bhavi, Ya, A. Vennepureddy, Neeraj Shah, Deepak Asti, Nikhil Nalluri, K. Ruben, Ov","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000157","url":null,"abstract":"Bhavi Pandya1*, Adarsh Vennepureddy1, Neeraj Shah1, Deepak Asti2, Nikhil Nalluri1 and Ruben Kandov2 1Department of Internal Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, NY, USA 2Department of Cardiology, Staten Island University Hospital, NY, USA *Corresponding author: Bhavi Pandya, MBBS, Department of Internal medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, 475 Seaview Avenue, Staten Island, NY 10305, USA, Tel: +1 9099643904; E-mail: dr.bhavipandya@gmail.com","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74755216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-16DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000156
J. Elanzaoui
The impact of testicular death and orchidectomy is physical and psychological. Most often, testicular torsion occurs in adolescence [4]. For adolescents, whose personality is being formed, the orchidectomy represents an extreme psychological and physical aggression. Besides its potential impact on fertility [1], Testicular torsion rises in severity if occurs on a single testis demanding an androgenic substitution per life, with a definit infertility. This impact on fertility can occur even on salvaged testis. But it seems to be less severe in this case [3]. On the psychological level, orchidectomy has the particularity to touch the « center » of virility in men. In fact, the testicles possessing a functional value becomes "vital" organ in the period of adolescence and puberty. Thus, the impact on the sexual identity of adolescents seems inevitable, but its depth remains to be assessed. Indeed, Unfortunately, we do not find in the literature, as we know, any study dealing with the consequences of orchiectomy on the personality of the young men in particular.
{"title":"Acute Testicular Torsion: The Need of Health Awareness Moroccan Experience","authors":"J. Elanzaoui","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000156","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of testicular death and orchidectomy is physical and psychological. Most often, testicular torsion occurs in adolescence [4]. For adolescents, whose personality is being formed, the orchidectomy represents an extreme psychological and physical aggression. Besides its potential impact on fertility [1], Testicular torsion rises in severity if occurs on a single testis demanding an androgenic substitution per life, with a definit infertility. This impact on fertility can occur even on salvaged testis. But it seems to be less severe in this case [3]. On the psychological level, orchidectomy has the particularity to touch the « center » of virility in men. In fact, the testicles possessing a functional value becomes \"vital\" organ in the period of adolescence and puberty. Thus, the impact on the sexual identity of adolescents seems inevitable, but its depth remains to be assessed. Indeed, Unfortunately, we do not find in the literature, as we know, any study dealing with the consequences of orchiectomy on the personality of the young men in particular.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"52 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90950282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-29DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000155
J. M. Hall, Matthew Robinson
Objective: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is aberrantly expressed in most breast tumors, suggesting the potential of agents that target this receptor in treatment and chemoprevention of breast cancer. However, whether PPARγ leads to the promotion or reduction of tumor formation has remained controversial and is further complicated by the ability of its available thiazolidinedione (TZD) ligands to activate another PPAR subtype, PPARδ. Method: To examine the role of each receptor in breast cancer biology, we performed a systematic evaluation of PPARγ and PPARδ agonists on the growth of human estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and -negative breast cancer cells. Results: In this manner we found that TZD-activated PPARγ was highly effective in suppressing the proliferation of estrogen-dependent cancer cells. Activated PPARδ, however, displayed growth-enhancing effects independent of estradiol and regardless of the ER status of the cells. Strikingly, in ER-negative cancer cells expressing a favorable PPARδ/γ ratio, TZDs promoted growth in a PPAR γ-independent manner by direct activation of PPARδ. A screen for ligands with increased receptor selectivity compared to TZDs revealed that GW7845 functioned as a full agonist of PPARγ, yet this agent lacked the ability to activate PPARδ and elicit its associated mitogenic effects. Conclusion: These studies indicate that selective PPAR γ modulators (SPPARγMs) that lack agonist activity on PPARδ may be clinically useful in future cancer treatment and chemoprevention.
{"title":"Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor as a Therapeutic Target in Human Breast Cancer","authors":"J. M. Hall, Matthew Robinson","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000155","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is aberrantly expressed in most breast tumors, suggesting the potential of agents that target this receptor in treatment and chemoprevention of breast cancer. However, whether PPARγ leads to the promotion or reduction of tumor formation has remained controversial and is further complicated by the ability of its available thiazolidinedione (TZD) ligands to activate another PPAR subtype, PPARδ. \u0000Method: To examine the role of each receptor in breast cancer biology, we performed a systematic evaluation of PPARγ and PPARδ agonists on the growth of human estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and -negative breast cancer cells. \u0000Results: In this manner we found that TZD-activated PPARγ was highly effective in suppressing the proliferation of estrogen-dependent cancer cells. Activated PPARδ, however, displayed growth-enhancing effects independent of estradiol and regardless of the ER status of the cells. Strikingly, in ER-negative cancer cells expressing a favorable PPARδ/γ ratio, TZDs promoted growth in a PPAR γ-independent manner by direct activation of PPARδ. A screen for ligands with increased receptor selectivity compared to TZDs revealed that GW7845 functioned as a full agonist of PPARγ, yet this agent lacked the ability to activate PPARδ and elicit its associated mitogenic effects. \u0000Conclusion: These studies indicate that selective PPAR γ modulators (SPPARγMs) that lack agonist activity on PPARδ may be clinically useful in future cancer treatment and chemoprevention.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78986699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-29DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000154
M. Akiibinu, Bob O. Soile, Ajibola M. U. Amzat, Olatunji T. Kolawole
Background: In obesity, modulation of metabolic pathways plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The present study therefore tried to link obesity, metabolic stress and tumor by evaluating the levels of tumor markers and cortisol (a stress-induced hormone) in obesity. Materials: Thirty-three obese (18 males, 15 females, body mass index=34 ± 3.8 Kg/m2) and 37 apparently nonobese (19 males, 18 females, body mass index=22 ± 1.4 Kg/m2) individuals (controls) volunteered to participate in this study. All participants were not on drugs (i.e. alcohol, cigarette or steroids) and were healthy adults without apparent medical problems. Every participant had his/her body weight and height taken, and the body mass index (BMI) calculated before inclusion in the study. Plasma levels of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and cortisol were determined in these subjects using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay methods. Results: In the obese subjects, plasma values of CA125 and cortisol increased significantly (p 0.05) changes in the obese when compared with controls Conclusion: Metabolic changes could account for the increased rate of synthesis of cortisol and CA125 in obesity.
{"title":"Plasma Levels of CA125, CEA, AFP and Cortisol in Obesity","authors":"M. Akiibinu, Bob O. Soile, Ajibola M. U. Amzat, Olatunji T. Kolawole","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000154","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In obesity, modulation of metabolic pathways plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The present study therefore tried to link obesity, metabolic stress and tumor by evaluating the levels of tumor markers and cortisol (a stress-induced hormone) in obesity. \u0000Materials: Thirty-three obese (18 males, 15 females, body mass index=34 ± 3.8 Kg/m2) and 37 apparently nonobese (19 males, 18 females, body mass index=22 ± 1.4 Kg/m2) individuals (controls) volunteered to participate in this study. All participants were not on drugs (i.e. alcohol, cigarette or steroids) and were healthy adults without apparent medical problems. Every participant had his/her body weight and height taken, and the body mass index (BMI) calculated before inclusion in the study. Plasma levels of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and cortisol were determined in these subjects using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay methods. \u0000Results: In the obese subjects, plasma values of CA125 and cortisol increased significantly (p 0.05) changes in the obese when compared with controls Conclusion: Metabolic changes could account for the increased rate of synthesis of cortisol and CA125 in obesity.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"82 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82309546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-03-03DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000.151
Mohanty Bk
Progesterone induces maturation by releasing oocyte from G2 of MI cell cycle arrest. This process is rate limiting as it produces fertilizable eggs. Therefore, it draws a lot of attention. Na+, K+-ATPase is a membrane bound enzyme molecule that has known to have various functions. One of these functions is to act as receptor for Progesterone. In oocyte maturation to egg entirely depends on progesterone, a hormone that is known to reduce risk of cancer. Using EM Histo-cytochemical novel technique, we have shown that membrane bound Na+, K+-ATPase are gradually down-regulated following Progesterone-induced maturation. By Germinal Vesicle Break down, Na+, K+-ATPase is completely down-regulated from oolemma and only present in the narrow region of Germinal Vesicle Break Down. This is an important phenonmena as this down-regulation coincides with cell entering M-phase. Here, I also briefly introduce you to a technique that only localizes phosphate cleaving membrane bound Na+, K+-ATPase.
{"title":"Progesterone-Induced Maturation and Down Regulation of Membrane Bound Na+, K+-ATPase","authors":"Mohanty Bk","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000.151","url":null,"abstract":"Progesterone induces maturation by releasing oocyte from G2 of MI cell cycle arrest. This process is rate limiting as it produces fertilizable eggs. Therefore, it draws a lot of attention. Na+, K+-ATPase is a membrane bound enzyme molecule that has known to have various functions. One of these functions is to act as receptor for Progesterone. In oocyte maturation to egg entirely depends on progesterone, a hormone that is known to reduce risk of cancer. Using EM Histo-cytochemical novel technique, we have shown that membrane bound Na+, K+-ATPase are gradually down-regulated following Progesterone-induced maturation. By Germinal Vesicle Break down, Na+, K+-ATPase is completely down-regulated from oolemma and only present in the narrow region of Germinal Vesicle Break Down. This is an important phenonmena as this down-regulation coincides with cell entering M-phase. Here, I also briefly introduce you to a technique that only localizes phosphate cleaving membrane bound Na+, K+-ATPase.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"45 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74946827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-02-27DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000.153
J. Lenjisa, Birhanu Tolosa, M. Woldu, Dumessa Edessa Negassa, Getu Bayisa Wakjira
Background: Even though the proportion of previously treated TB patients’ (retreatment cases) is increasing at alarming rate, there is scarcity of data regarding their magnitude and treatment outcomes. Therefore, this study is meant to assess TB retreatment case rate and their treatment outcomes at Adama hospital medical college (AHMC) in Ethiopia. Methods: The study employed a retrospective cross-sectional survey where a total of 732 registered TB patients’ data were reviewed between Aprils to May 2014. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0. Results: In this study, 147 (20%) of 732 TB cases were registered as retreatment cases. Of these, 16 (11%) relapse, 13 (9%) return after defaulted (RAD), 23 (16%) failure and 95 (64%) were categorized as ‘other’ among which 61 (64.9%) had sputum smear-negative pulmonary TB (PTB) and 34 (35.1%) had extra PTB (EPTB). Retreatment case is more likely to occur in HIV positive 48 (59%) individuals. Regarding their treatment outcomes, treatment success rate (cure plus treatment completed) of 65 (63.7%) was obtained. Whereas 13 (12.8%) registered as died, 10 (9.8%) as failure, 9 (8.8%) as defaulters and 5 (4.9%) as transferred out cases to other health facility. HIV positive individuals are more likely (54%) to have poor treatment outcomes. Conclusion: The prevalence of TB retreatment cases obtained in this study was higher as compared to similar studies. Similarly, their treatment success rate (TSR) was lower as compared to the national figure. Therefore, more attention should be given to the prevention and treatment of TB retreatment cases to avoid social and economic burden of tuberculosis in Ethiopia.
{"title":"Assessment of Tuberculosis Retreatment Case Rate and Its Treatment Outcomesat Adama Hospital Medical College, East Showa, Ethiopia","authors":"J. Lenjisa, Birhanu Tolosa, M. Woldu, Dumessa Edessa Negassa, Getu Bayisa Wakjira","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000.153","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Even though the proportion of previously treated TB patients’ (retreatment cases) is increasing at alarming rate, there is scarcity of data regarding their magnitude and treatment outcomes. Therefore, this study is meant to assess TB retreatment case rate and their treatment outcomes at Adama hospital medical college (AHMC) in Ethiopia. \u0000 \u0000Methods: The study employed a retrospective cross-sectional survey where a total of 732 registered TB patients’ data were reviewed between Aprils to May 2014. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0. \u0000 \u0000Results: In this study, 147 (20%) of 732 TB cases were registered as retreatment cases. Of these, 16 (11%) relapse, 13 (9%) return after defaulted (RAD), 23 (16%) failure and 95 (64%) were categorized as ‘other’ among which 61 (64.9%) had sputum smear-negative pulmonary TB (PTB) and 34 (35.1%) had extra PTB (EPTB). Retreatment case is more likely to occur in HIV positive 48 (59%) individuals. Regarding their treatment outcomes, treatment success rate (cure plus treatment completed) of 65 (63.7%) was obtained. Whereas 13 (12.8%) registered as died, 10 (9.8%) as failure, 9 (8.8%) as defaulters and 5 (4.9%) as transferred out cases to other health facility. HIV positive individuals are more likely (54%) to have poor treatment outcomes. \u0000 \u0000Conclusion: The prevalence of TB retreatment cases obtained in this study was higher as compared to similar studies. Similarly, their treatment success rate (TSR) was lower as compared to the national figure. Therefore, more attention should be given to the prevention and treatment of TB retreatment cases to avoid social and economic burden of tuberculosis in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81848802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：