Pub Date : 2017-07-22DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000187
K. Ohyama, M. Ohta, Y. Hosaka, T. Ohyama, Y. Yamano
Although anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is present in seminiferous tubules, its physiological roles in testis remain unclear. We defined expression patterns of AMH and its type II receptor (AMHR2) in germ cells during spermatogenic cycles. To this end, we performed in situ hybridization of Amh and Amhr2, and immunohistochemical staining using antibodies against AMH and AMHR2 in testes from rats aged 10, 15, 21, 35, and 49 days (d). In addition, quantitative RT-PCR analyses were performed to determine relative expression levels of Amh, Amhr2, synaptonemal complex protein 1 (Scp1) and round spermatid basic protein 1 (Rsbn1), and Smads 1, 5, and 8 in germ cells isolated from 49d testes. In 49d testes, synthesis of AMH and AMHR2 corresponded with spermatocyte expression of Amh and Amhr2. Spermatocytes of stages VII-XIV synthesized AMH, and AMH staining was decreased in round spermatids and was not detectable in elongated spermatids. Spermatocytes of stages VII-XIV synthesized AMHR2, and round and elongated spermatids continued expressing AMHR2. The strongest staining of AMH was observed in spermatocytes at stage VIII, and that of AMHR2 was observed in round spermatids at the same stage. When isolated germ cells were cultured with anti-AMH antibody, expression levels of Amh and Amhr2 were significantly increased, those of Smads 1, 5 and Scp1 increased simultaneously, and that of Rsbn1 decreased. We speculate that the AMH-SMADs axis is associated with morphological change from round to elongated spermatids at stage VIII.
{"title":"Dwarfs and Giants of Parathyroid Adenomas - No Difference in Outcome after Parathyroidectomy","authors":"K. Ohyama, M. Ohta, Y. Hosaka, T. Ohyama, Y. Yamano","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000187","url":null,"abstract":"Although anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is present in seminiferous tubules, its physiological roles in testis remain unclear. We defined expression patterns of AMH and its type II receptor (AMHR2) in germ cells during spermatogenic cycles. To this end, we performed in situ hybridization of Amh and Amhr2, and immunohistochemical staining using antibodies against AMH and AMHR2 in testes from rats aged 10, 15, 21, 35, and 49 days (d). In addition, quantitative RT-PCR analyses were performed to determine relative expression levels of Amh, Amhr2, synaptonemal complex protein 1 (Scp1) and round spermatid basic protein 1 (Rsbn1), and Smads 1, 5, and 8 in germ cells isolated from 49d testes. In 49d testes, synthesis of AMH and AMHR2 corresponded with spermatocyte expression of Amh and Amhr2. Spermatocytes of stages VII-XIV synthesized AMH, and AMH staining was decreased in round spermatids and was not detectable in elongated spermatids. Spermatocytes of stages VII-XIV synthesized AMHR2, and round and elongated spermatids continued expressing AMHR2. The strongest staining of AMH was observed in spermatocytes at stage VIII, and that of AMHR2 was observed in round spermatids at the same stage. When isolated germ cells were cultured with anti-AMH antibody, expression levels of Amh and Amhr2 were significantly increased, those of Smads 1, 5 and Scp1 increased simultaneously, and that of Rsbn1 decreased. We speculate that the AMH-SMADs axis is associated with morphological change from round to elongated spermatids at stage VIII.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"33 6","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91451846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-12DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000186
Y. Tsushima, K. Terui, K. Makita, Yuko Asari, Noriko Ishigame, Yuki Nakada, Aya Sugiyama, Shingo Murasawa, Satoshi Yamagata, Yutaka Watanuki, S. Takayasu, T. Nigawara, K. Kageyama, M. Daimon
Objective: Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is the most reliable test to distinguish between unilateral and bilateral primary aldosteronism (PA). However, AVS is invasive, risky, and expensive, and alternative diagnostic methods are desirable. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic power of saline infusion test (SIT) to distinguish between unilateral and bilateral PA. Design: Retrospective database analysis. Subjects and Methods: We selected 111 patients with PA diagnosed by confirmatory tests who underwent both SIT and successful AVS. Thirty-two patients had lateralized ratio (LR) over 4.0 and 79 patients had LR less than 4.0. Multiple regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used to examine whether the SIT had good diagnostic power to distinguish between patients with high LR and those with low LR. Results: The patients with high LR had significantly lower serum potassium levels (P<0.0001, Mann-Whitney’s U Test) and higher plasma aldosterone concentrations after SIT (Post-PAC) (P<0.0001). It was revealed that Post-PAC levels were independently associated with the LR by multiple regression analysis (P=0.0112). ROC analysis revealed that the diagnostic accuracy of SIT was very high for distinguishing between patients with high LR and those with low LR. The optimal cut-off value of Post-PAC for the diagnosis of patients with low LR was less than 9.3 ng/dl. Conclusions: SIT is useful for distinguishing between patients with high LR and low LR. It might be possible to omit AVS in patients with a Post-PAC value less than 9.3 ng/dl.Combining the results of serum potassium levels and imaging examinations with SIT might be a potential strategy for PA subtypes.
{"title":"Post-Saline Infusion Plasma Aldosterone Concentrations are Well Correlated with the Lateralized Ratio of Adrenal Venous Sampling in Patients of Primary Aldosteronism","authors":"Y. Tsushima, K. Terui, K. Makita, Yuko Asari, Noriko Ishigame, Yuki Nakada, Aya Sugiyama, Shingo Murasawa, Satoshi Yamagata, Yutaka Watanuki, S. Takayasu, T. Nigawara, K. Kageyama, M. Daimon","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000186","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is the most reliable test to distinguish between unilateral and bilateral \u0000 primary aldosteronism (PA). However, AVS is invasive, risky, and expensive, and alternative diagnostic methods are \u0000 desirable. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic power of saline infusion test (SIT) to distinguish between \u0000 unilateral and bilateral PA. \u0000Design: Retrospective database analysis. \u0000Subjects and Methods: We selected 111 patients with PA diagnosed by confirmatory tests who underwent both \u0000 SIT and successful AVS. Thirty-two patients had lateralized ratio (LR) over 4.0 and 79 patients had LR less than 4.0. \u0000 Multiple regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used to examine whether the \u0000 SIT had good diagnostic power to distinguish between patients with high LR and those with low LR. \u0000Results: The patients with high LR had significantly lower serum potassium levels (P<0.0001, Mann-Whitney’s U \u0000 Test) and higher plasma aldosterone concentrations after SIT (Post-PAC) (P<0.0001). It was revealed that Post-PAC \u0000 levels were independently associated with the LR by multiple regression analysis (P=0.0112). ROC analysis \u0000 revealed that the diagnostic accuracy of SIT was very high for distinguishing between patients with high LR and \u0000 those with low LR. The optimal cut-off value of Post-PAC for the diagnosis of patients with low LR was less than 9.3 \u0000 ng/dl. \u0000Conclusions: SIT is useful for distinguishing between patients with high LR and low LR. It might be possible to \u0000 omit AVS in patients with a Post-PAC value less than 9.3 ng/dl.Combining the results of serum potassium levels and \u0000 imaging examinations with SIT might be a potential strategy for PA subtypes.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79262127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-25DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000185
W. FikryElbossaty
Coeliac disease (CD) is an inflammatory genetic auto immune disease in which the patient have sensitivity against gluten which a protein present in wheat and some food. Once gluten enter the body, this induce immune system to make innate and acquired immune response in which the immune system produce autoantibodies which migrate in to small intestine and induced inflammation which effect on the function of small intestine not only but also the body secreted some mediators which increase the permeability of tissue to these antibodies and maybe cause damage in other organs. No medication for CD, the only treatment method is diet which gluten free in addition to the patients must be take some supplementation as a result of deficiency consequence since mal absorption. If this disease not diagnosis early it may be developed to produce different type of malignancy.
{"title":"Effect of Coeliac Disease on Gastrointestinal Tract and Immunity","authors":"W. FikryElbossaty","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000185","url":null,"abstract":"Coeliac disease (CD) is an inflammatory genetic auto immune disease in which the patient have sensitivity against gluten which a protein present in wheat and some food. Once gluten enter the body, this induce immune system to make innate and acquired immune response in which the immune system produce autoantibodies which migrate in to small intestine and induced inflammation which effect on the function of small intestine not only but also the body secreted some mediators which increase the permeability of tissue to these antibodies and maybe cause damage in other organs. No medication for CD, the only treatment method is diet which gluten free in addition to the patients must be take some supplementation as a result of deficiency consequence since mal absorption. If this disease not diagnosis early it may be developed to produce different type of malignancy.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84374979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-02-06DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000184
S. Ahmed, T. Ali, A. Elsheikh, G. Attia, A. Abdalla, Mohamed Mh
There are great concerns regarding the use of synthetic progesterone during breastfeeding due to probable negative effects on future fecundity of male infants. Therefore the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of exposing male rat pups to depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) during lactational period on pubertal testicular histology, morphometry and cells quantitation. Twenty male Wistar rat pups reared to dams treated with DMPA (10 mg/ kg BW) every other day during their early lactation period; were employed to achieve the objectives of this study. Other 20 male rat pups reared to untreated dams served as control. The pups were allowed to reach 90 days old, sacrificed, their testes were dissected and weighed and histological sections were prepared. The results showed that exposing male rat pups to DMPA during the lactational period significantly (P<0.001) affected their testicular histology, morphometry and the quantities of testicular cells. The thickness of the germinal epithelium (GE) and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules (ST) were reduced; while the interstitial space (IS) thicknesses were increased. The testicular cells of the rats reared on dams treated with DMPA experienced varying degrees of apoptosis and count reduction. The ST appeared with unusual configuration with detached and/or folded basal lamina, it has few germinal layers, decreased Sertoli cells (SC) and their lumen contained cells debris and very few sperms; while the wide IS contained few Leydig cells (LC). Exposure to DMPA during the lactational period adversely affects the testicular structure. Thus foretells a negative impact on future fertility.
在母乳喂养期间使用合成孕酮可能对男婴未来的生育能力产生负面影响，因此引起极大的关注。因此，本研究旨在探讨哺乳期雄性大鼠暴露于醋酸甲羟孕酮(DMPA)对其青春期睾丸组织学、形态学和细胞定量的影响。20只雄性Wistar大鼠在泌乳初期每隔一天给予DMPA (10 mg/ kg BW)治疗;，以达到本研究的目的。另外20只雄鼠幼崽被饲养在未经处理的水坝中作为对照。幼崽90日龄后处死，解剖睾丸，称重，制作组织学切片。结果表明，哺乳期暴露于DMPA对雄性大鼠幼仔睾丸组织学、形态及细胞数量有显著影响(P<0.001)。生发上皮(GE)厚度减小，精小管(ST)直径减小;间隙(IS)厚度增加。经DMPA处理的大鼠睾丸细胞出现不同程度的凋亡和计数减少。ST形态异常，基底膜分离或折叠，生发层少，支持细胞(SC)减少，管腔内含细胞碎片，精子极少;而宽的IS含有很少的间质细胞(LC)。哺乳期暴露于DMPA对睾丸结构有不利影响。因此，这预示着对未来生育率的负面影响。
{"title":"Testicular Changes in Male Albino Rat Pups Exposed to Medroxy- Progesterone Acetate during Lactational Period","authors":"S. Ahmed, T. Ali, A. Elsheikh, G. Attia, A. Abdalla, Mohamed Mh","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000184","url":null,"abstract":"There are great concerns regarding the use of synthetic progesterone during breastfeeding due to probable negative effects on future fecundity of male infants. Therefore the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of exposing male rat pups to depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) during lactational period on pubertal testicular histology, morphometry and cells quantitation. Twenty male Wistar rat pups reared to dams treated with DMPA (10 mg/ kg BW) every other day during their early lactation period; were employed to achieve the objectives of this study. Other 20 male rat pups reared to untreated dams served as control. The pups were allowed to reach 90 days old, sacrificed, their testes were dissected and weighed and histological sections were prepared. \u0000The results showed that exposing male rat pups to DMPA during the lactational period significantly (P<0.001) affected their testicular histology, morphometry and the quantities of testicular cells. The thickness of the germinal epithelium (GE) and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules (ST) were reduced; while the interstitial space (IS) thicknesses were increased. The testicular cells of the rats reared on dams treated with DMPA experienced varying degrees of apoptosis and count reduction. The ST appeared with unusual configuration with detached and/or folded basal lamina, it has few germinal layers, decreased Sertoli cells (SC) and their lumen contained cells debris and very few sperms; while the wide IS contained few Leydig cells (LC). Exposure to DMPA during the lactational period adversely affects the testicular structure. Thus foretells a negative impact on future fertility.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88203528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-23DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000183
A. Mezentsef, P. Jackson, U. Baig, J. Fairclough, C. Brooks, J. Mitroka
The objective of this study was to evaluate stress in health-studies students over time periods when classes are not in session (Summer) and are in session (Fall) using both a survey instrument and hair cortisol levels. Cortisol is produced by the adrenal cortex in response to stress. Chronic elevations in cortisol are associated with adverse effects on the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and central nervous system. As such, cortisol levels can serve as a biomarker for stress. Hair is a particularly useful matrix for measuring cortisol in the body since it grows at a uniform rate, about 1 cm/month, and thereby provides a time-averaged index of exposure to cortisol. A small bundle of hair (about 50 strands) was collected as close to the scalp as possible from Nursing and Pharmacy students at the beginning of the Fall semester (representing hair grown over the Summer when no classes were in session) and again at the end of Fall semester (representing hair grown during the semester, when classes were in session). A three cm-portion of each hair bundle was cut from the scalp end, ground, extracted, and analyzed by LC/MS/MS. The students also completed a survey to provide subjective feedback about perceived stress levels. These surveys were completed at the time of the hair collections. The analytical results showed no differences in hair cortisol concentrations between Summer and Fall or between Pharmacy and Nursing students. Perceived stress levels; however, were higher in Fall than Summer and somewhat higher in pharmacy students than nursing students during the Fall. The results of this study suggest that health-studies students experience psychological stress during the time classes are in session, but this perceived stress may not result in concomitant elevations in cortisol.
{"title":"Hair Cortisol and Perceived Stress in Health-studies Students during Summer Break and Fall Term","authors":"A. Mezentsef, P. Jackson, U. Baig, J. Fairclough, C. Brooks, J. Mitroka","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000183","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate stress in health-studies students over time periods when classes are not in session (Summer) and are in session (Fall) using both a survey instrument and hair cortisol levels. Cortisol is produced by the adrenal cortex in response to stress. Chronic elevations in cortisol are associated with adverse effects on the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and central nervous system. As such, cortisol levels can serve as a biomarker for stress. Hair is a particularly useful matrix for measuring cortisol in the body since it grows at a uniform rate, about 1 cm/month, and thereby provides a time-averaged index of exposure to cortisol. A small bundle of hair (about 50 strands) was collected as close to the scalp as possible from Nursing and Pharmacy students at the beginning of the Fall semester (representing hair grown over the Summer when no classes were in session) and again at the end of Fall semester (representing hair grown during the semester, when classes were in session). A three cm-portion of each hair bundle was cut from the scalp end, ground, extracted, and analyzed by LC/MS/MS. The students also completed a survey to provide subjective feedback about perceived stress levels. These surveys were completed at the time of the hair collections. The analytical results showed no differences in hair cortisol concentrations between Summer and Fall or between Pharmacy and Nursing students. Perceived stress levels; however, were higher in Fall than Summer and somewhat higher in pharmacy students than nursing students during the Fall. The results of this study suggest that health-studies students experience psychological stress during the time classes are in session, but this perceived stress may not result in concomitant elevations in cortisol.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83326689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000182
C. Malemud, J. D. Denko
A recent advertisement in a popular magazine touted human growth hormone (HGH) for alleged anti-aging properties. In that regard, the advertisement contends that increasing the level of HGH secretion acts to blunt the aging process. This viewpoint is apparently formulated on the basis of the “natural decline of human growth hormone from ages 21 to 61” (the average age at which there is only a trace left in the body). Therefore, the decline in HGH is purported to be the main reason why aging occurs and according to this advertisement “fails to regenerate to its 25 year-old biological age”.
{"title":"Growth Hormone: The Body Knows when to Quit","authors":"C. Malemud, J. D. Denko","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000182","url":null,"abstract":"A recent advertisement in a popular magazine touted human growth hormone (HGH) for alleged anti-aging properties. In that regard, the advertisement contends that increasing the level of HGH secretion acts to blunt the aging process. This viewpoint is apparently formulated on the basis of the “natural decline of human growth hormone from ages 21 to 61” (the average age at which there is only a trace left in the body). Therefore, the decline in HGH is purported to be the main reason why aging occurs and according to this advertisement “fails to regenerate to its 25 year-old biological age”.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78752117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-31DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000181
Chagay Nb, Fadeyev Vv, Melnichenko Ga, Ivanova On, Bakulina Eg, Kotelnikova NYu
Background: Short test with 250 mcg corticotropin (Tetracosactide acetate, a substance of first 24 amino acids from 39-acid chain of endogenous ACTH) is a diagnostic standard of non-classic form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). However, it is well known that morning ACTH levels in healthy people fluctuate between 10 and 60 pg/ml, and peak cortisol levels can be achieved with 1-24 ACTH dose of 1 mcg or 5 mcg. Objective: To study the sensitivity and specificity of the test with 5 mcg ACTH to diagnose non-classic form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCAN). Materials and Methods: During from 2006 to 2011, we screened 435 women aged from 16 to 35 (25 (21; 29) years) for CAH after exclusion of neoplastic hyperandrogenism. Protocol of low-dose (5 mcg) and standard (250 mcg) 1-24 ACTH tests: Blood sampling for basal 17-OHP and cortisol levels; blood sampling for 17-OHP and cortisol at 30 and 60 minutes after 5 mcg or 250 mcg 1-24 ACTH stimulation. Molecular genetic analysis for most prevalent CYP21 mutations was performed using allele specific polymerase chain reaction. Results: Diagnosis of non-classic CAH with 21-hydroxylase deficiency was proved in 5.3% (23/435) of patients. Conclusion: Low dose test with Tetracosactide 5 mcg can identify 21-hydroxylase deficiency in patients with stimulated 17-OHP concentrations over 14 ng/ml. Test with Tetracosactide 5 mcg had sensitivity of 72.7% and specificity of 100% with positive prognostic value (+PV) of 100%, and negative prognostic value (-PV) of 89.3%.
{"title":"Test with 5 mcg ACTH for Diagnosis of Non-classic Congenital AdrenalHyperplasia","authors":"Chagay Nb, Fadeyev Vv, Melnichenko Ga, Ivanova On, Bakulina Eg, Kotelnikova NYu","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000181","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Short test with 250 mcg corticotropin (Tetracosactide acetate, a substance of first 24 amino acids from 39-acid chain of endogenous ACTH) is a diagnostic standard of non-classic form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). However, it is well known that morning ACTH levels in healthy people fluctuate between 10 and 60 pg/ml, and peak cortisol levels can be achieved with 1-24 ACTH dose of 1 mcg or 5 mcg. Objective: To study the sensitivity and specificity of the test with 5 mcg ACTH to diagnose non-classic form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCAN). Materials and Methods: During from 2006 to 2011, we screened 435 women aged from 16 to 35 (25 (21; 29) years) for CAH after exclusion of neoplastic hyperandrogenism. Protocol of low-dose (5 mcg) and standard (250 mcg) 1-24 ACTH tests: Blood sampling for basal 17-OHP and cortisol levels; blood sampling for 17-OHP and cortisol at 30 and 60 minutes after 5 mcg or 250 mcg 1-24 ACTH stimulation. Molecular genetic analysis for most prevalent CYP21 mutations was performed using allele specific polymerase chain reaction. Results: Diagnosis of non-classic CAH with 21-hydroxylase deficiency was proved in 5.3% (23/435) of patients. Conclusion: Low dose test with Tetracosactide 5 mcg can identify 21-hydroxylase deficiency in patients with stimulated 17-OHP concentrations over 14 ng/ml. Test with Tetracosactide 5 mcg had sensitivity of 72.7% and specificity of 100% with positive prognostic value (+PV) of 100%, and negative prognostic value (-PV) of 89.3%.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80330223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-10DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000180
Renan Pozzi, Le, R. Fern, es, B. F. Calegare, V. D’Almeida
Background: Real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) is a technique used for quantification of gene expression and the use of reference genes is very important to normalize the quantification results. Aim: To validate the most suitable reference genes for resistance exercise training (REx) and use of nandrolone decanoate (DECA) in three different rat tissues. Methods: A total of 40 adult male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: exposed to vehicle three times per week (wk) (CT); eight wk of REx exposed to vehicle three times per wk (T); exposed to DECA three times per wk (D); eight wk of REx exposed to DECA three times per wk (TD). Stability of the following genes was evaluated: beta actin (Actb), alpha Tubulin (Tubulin), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh), Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase-1 (Hprt1) and 18s Ribossomal RNA (18s) in hypothalamus, adrenal gland and mesenteric fat tissue using GeNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper software. Results: In hypothalamus and adrenal, all genes were suitable and none was rejected by statistical analysis; however, in fat tissue, Actb, Gapdh and Hprt1 genes were rejected by geNorm but not the others two software. Conclusion: In hypothalamus and adrenal all selected genes analized were stable and can be used for qPCR gene expression analysis. However, in fat tissue we suggest the Tubulin gene as most stable gene.
{"title":"Validation of Reference Genes for qPCR Analysis of Resistance Training and Androgenic Anabolic Steroids on Hypothalamus, Adrenal Gland and Fat Tissue","authors":"Renan Pozzi, Le, R. Fern, es, B. F. Calegare, V. D’Almeida","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000180","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) is a technique used for quantification of gene expression and the use of reference genes is very important to normalize the quantification results. \u0000Aim: To validate the most suitable reference genes for resistance exercise training (REx) and use of nandrolone decanoate (DECA) in three different rat tissues. \u0000Methods: A total of 40 adult male Wistar rats were distributed into four groups: exposed to vehicle three times per week (wk) (CT); eight wk of REx exposed to vehicle three times per wk (T); exposed to DECA three times per wk (D); eight wk of REx exposed to DECA three times per wk (TD). Stability of the following genes was evaluated: beta actin (Actb), alpha Tubulin (Tubulin), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh), Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase-1 (Hprt1) and 18s Ribossomal RNA (18s) in hypothalamus, adrenal gland and mesenteric fat tissue using GeNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper software. \u0000Results: In hypothalamus and adrenal, all genes were suitable and none was rejected by statistical analysis; however, in fat tissue, Actb, Gapdh and Hprt1 genes were rejected by geNorm but not the others two software. \u0000Conclusion: In hypothalamus and adrenal all selected genes analized were stable and can be used for qPCR gene expression analysis. However, in fat tissue we suggest the Tubulin gene as most stable gene.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"49 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91067951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-23DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000179
Dulce A. Velzquez-Zamora, Nestor I. Martnez-Torres, M. Cervantes, I. González-Burgos
Gonadal estrogens influence several neurobiological events related to synaptic plasticity underlying cognitive behavior. Likewise, estradiol synthesized in neurons affects aspects of brain organization associated with cognition. Here, plastic changes to dendritic spines on third-layer pyramidal neurons from the prefrontal cortex of ovariectomized, anastrozole-treated female rats were studied. Anastrozole treatment dampened the efficiency of rats in resolving a spatial working memory test in the “Y” maze when compared with ovariectomized control and proestrus female rats. In addition, the administration of Anastrozole led to an increase in dendritic spines and filopodia on the pyramidal cells studied. The thin, mushroom, stubby and wide spines remained unchanged. Since filopodia are considered to be the precursors of novel spines, the increase in dendritic spines is consistent with the increase in filopodia. However, this was clearly insufficient to drive proper working memory performance, despite the apparent stability in the translation of synaptic information suggested by the similar spine types evident in the ovariectomized controls and the increases observed. These findings show that brain-derived estradiol is necessary for prefrontal activity to account for working memory performance. Further studies will be needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying such spine enhancement in the absence of estradiol-mediated modulation of plasticity.
{"title":"Administration of Anastrozole to Ovariectomized Rats Impairs Working Memoryin Association with Plastic Changes to Dendritic Spines on Prefrontal Third-layerPyramidal Neurons","authors":"Dulce A. Velzquez-Zamora, Nestor I. Martnez-Torres, M. Cervantes, I. González-Burgos","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000179","url":null,"abstract":"Gonadal estrogens influence several neurobiological events related to synaptic plasticity underlying cognitive behavior. Likewise, estradiol synthesized in neurons affects aspects of brain organization associated with cognition. Here, plastic changes to dendritic spines on third-layer pyramidal neurons from the prefrontal cortex of ovariectomized, anastrozole-treated female rats were studied. Anastrozole treatment dampened the efficiency of rats in resolving a spatial working memory test in the “Y” maze when compared with ovariectomized control and proestrus female rats. In addition, the administration of Anastrozole led to an increase in dendritic spines and filopodia on the pyramidal cells studied. The thin, mushroom, stubby and wide spines remained unchanged. Since filopodia are considered to be the precursors of novel spines, the increase in dendritic spines is consistent with the increase in filopodia. However, this was clearly insufficient to drive proper working memory performance, despite the apparent stability in the translation of synaptic information suggested by the similar spine types evident in the ovariectomized controls and the increases observed. These findings show that brain-derived estradiol is necessary for prefrontal activity to account for working memory performance. Further studies will be needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying such spine enhancement in the absence of estradiol-mediated modulation of plasticity.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75489119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-15DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.C1.005
René Wenzl
E is a painful, chronic disease occurring when endometrium is located outside the uterus, affecting at least 6 million women worldwide. Symptoms like dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, dysuria, fatigue or other gastrointestinal indications such as diarrhea, constipation, nausea are responsible for severe aggravation of women’s life. Endometriosis compromises the quality of life of countless women worldwide and is a leading cause of disability. Clinical symptoms of endometriosis can be very heterogeneous leading to a long interval between onset of symptoms (commonly 7 years) and surgical diagnosis. Treatment for endometriosis is usually with medications or surgery. Supplemental hormones are sometimes effective in reducing or eliminating the pain of endometriosis. That's because the rise and fall of hormones during the menstrual cycle causes endometrial implants to thicken, break down and bleed. Hormone medication may slow the growth and prevent new implants of endometrial tissue such as hormonal contraceptives, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) agonists and antagonists, Progesterone and progestin or Danazol. The lecture should provide an overview of current treatment options apart from surgical interventions such as laparoscopy and hysterectomy.
{"title":"Hormonal treatment in patients with endometriosis","authors":"René Wenzl","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.C1.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.C1.005","url":null,"abstract":"E is a painful, chronic disease occurring when endometrium is located outside the uterus, affecting at least 6 million women worldwide. Symptoms like dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, dysuria, fatigue or other gastrointestinal indications such as diarrhea, constipation, nausea are responsible for severe aggravation of women’s life. Endometriosis compromises the quality of life of countless women worldwide and is a leading cause of disability. Clinical symptoms of endometriosis can be very heterogeneous leading to a long interval between onset of symptoms (commonly 7 years) and surgical diagnosis. Treatment for endometriosis is usually with medications or surgery. Supplemental hormones are sometimes effective in reducing or eliminating the pain of endometriosis. That's because the rise and fall of hormones during the menstrual cycle causes endometrial implants to thicken, break down and bleed. Hormone medication may slow the growth and prevent new implants of endometrial tissue such as hormonal contraceptives, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) agonists and antagonists, Progesterone and progestin or Danazol. The lecture should provide an overview of current treatment options apart from surgical interventions such as laparoscopy and hysterectomy.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"501 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73195674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：