Pub Date : 2016-07-15DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.C1.004
P. Davis
{"title":"Anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic properties of thyroid hormone may oppose cancer chemotherapy","authors":"P. Davis","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.C1.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.C1.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78596419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-13DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000178
J. Jaquish, Henry D. Alkire, Kevin Hoesley
Objective: Evaluating reflexive (Il and Ia afferent) body-stabilizing activity as a possible mechanism regulating hGH levels. Data Sources: The authors searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Harvard HOLLIS, and EMBASE databases for studies published through 1 January 2016 by using such terms as: vibration, stability, and human growth hormone. Study Selection: The authors included randomized, controlled trials and randomized pre-post observational trials that compared acute alterations of hGH in humans with both genders spanning from post-pubescence to elderly populations. Data Extraction: Three authors independently reviewed articles and abstracted data. Data Synthesis: PRISMA guidelines were followed with 17 articles describing 24 unique study populations meeting the inclusion criteria. A total of 265 participants who engaged in a destabilizing intervention were assayed both against baseline and control (when present). Populations varied in age, with all populations having a mean age of 35.1 [SD, 13.6], and RCTs of 41.6 [SD, 17.2], with the youngest population being 17.8 [SD, 0.88], and the oldest being 70 [SD, 8.8]. Subjects saw acute increases from pre-to-post of 647% [95% CI, 541% to 753%] (P=0.00001). Test group subjects compared to those subjected to control interventions increased hGH levels by 101% [95% CI, 85.7% to 116%] (P=0.006). Statistical analysis excluded one study that altered its blood sample concentrations via centrifuge. Conclusions: The literature published on randomized, controlled trials and randomized acute evaluations of reflexive stability recruitment of muscle and hGH in multiple populations is limited but suggests that there is an association with whole body stability firing and hGH levels. On the basis of this evidence, interventions that encourage increases in whole body stability firing can be recommended to illicit increases in hGH levels.
{"title":"Stabilizing Motor Reflexive Activation and Acute Growth Hormone Response: ASystematic Review","authors":"J. Jaquish, Henry D. Alkire, Kevin Hoesley","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000178","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Evaluating reflexive (Il and Ia afferent) body-stabilizing activity as a possible mechanism regulating hGH levels. \u0000Data Sources: The authors searched MEDLINE, PubMed, Harvard HOLLIS, and EMBASE databases for studies published through 1 January 2016 by using such terms as: vibration, stability, and human growth hormone. \u0000Study Selection: The authors included randomized, controlled trials and randomized pre-post observational trials that compared acute alterations of hGH in humans with both genders spanning from post-pubescence to elderly populations. \u0000Data Extraction: Three authors independently reviewed articles and abstracted data. \u0000Data Synthesis: PRISMA guidelines were followed with 17 articles describing 24 unique study populations meeting the inclusion criteria. A total of 265 participants who engaged in a destabilizing intervention were assayed both against baseline and control (when present). Populations varied in age, with all populations having a mean age of 35.1 [SD, 13.6], and RCTs of 41.6 [SD, 17.2], with the youngest population being 17.8 [SD, 0.88], and the oldest being 70 [SD, 8.8]. Subjects saw acute increases from pre-to-post of 647% [95% CI, 541% to 753%] (P=0.00001). Test group subjects compared to those subjected to control interventions increased hGH levels by 101% [95% CI, 85.7% to 116%] (P=0.006). Statistical analysis excluded one study that altered its blood sample concentrations via centrifuge. \u0000Conclusions: The literature published on randomized, controlled trials and randomized acute evaluations of reflexive stability recruitment of muscle and hGH in multiple populations is limited but suggests that there is an association with whole body stability firing and hGH levels. On the basis of this evidence, interventions that encourage increases in whole body stability firing can be recommended to illicit increases in hGH levels.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89700652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-25DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000176
Rikako Suzuki, Takeshi Hayashi, H. Asano, Kennosuke Ohashi, Masaya Sakamoto, K. Tojo, K. Utsunomiya
Isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency is a rare disorder, characterized by secondary adrenal insufficiency. We experienced a case of isolated ACTH deficiency presented with prolonged QT intervals which was helpful in diagnosis. Hereby we report our case and review the previous cases. We describe a 77 year-old female whose major complaints were general malaise, anorexia, and depression. On admission, QT intervals of ECG were prolonged. Endocrine tests indicated that she was suffering from isolated ACTH deficiency. After hydrocortisone replacement therapy was started, QT intervals were shortened and all of her complaints were resolved. There are only six reports about isolated ACTH deficiency associated with prolonged QT intervals until now. Prolongation of QT intervals is known to be a risk factor for cardiovascular events such as ventricular fibrillation, but interestingly prolonged QT intervals associated with isolated ACTH deficiency infrequently cause lethal arrhythmia. The initial symptoms of adrenal deficiency in elderly patients are obscure and adrenal deficiency is often misdiagnosed as unidentified clinical syndrome. It is important to consider isolated ACTH deficiency when recognizing unexplained prolonged QT intervals.
{"title":"Prolonged QT Intervals in Isolated ACTH Deficiency: Case Report and MiniReview of Literature","authors":"Rikako Suzuki, Takeshi Hayashi, H. Asano, Kennosuke Ohashi, Masaya Sakamoto, K. Tojo, K. Utsunomiya","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000176","url":null,"abstract":"Isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency is a rare disorder, characterized by secondary adrenal insufficiency. We experienced a case of isolated ACTH deficiency presented with prolonged QT intervals which was helpful in diagnosis. Hereby we report our case and review the previous cases. We describe a 77 year-old female whose major complaints were general malaise, anorexia, and depression. On admission, QT intervals of ECG were prolonged. Endocrine tests indicated that she was suffering from isolated ACTH deficiency. After hydrocortisone replacement therapy was started, QT intervals were shortened and all of her complaints were resolved. There are only six reports about isolated ACTH deficiency associated with prolonged QT intervals until now. Prolongation of QT intervals is known to be a risk factor for cardiovascular events such as ventricular fibrillation, but interestingly prolonged QT intervals associated with isolated ACTH deficiency infrequently cause lethal arrhythmia. The initial symptoms of adrenal deficiency in elderly patients are obscure and adrenal deficiency is often misdiagnosed as unidentified clinical syndrome. It is important to consider isolated ACTH deficiency when recognizing unexplained prolonged QT intervals.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91274166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-25DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000177
J. G. Nejad, Mostafa Ghaseminezhad, K. Sung, Fatemeh Hoseinzadeh, Jennette B.A. Cabibi, Jongho Lee
Current methods for measuring cortisol levels can be challenging due to the need to take multiple urine, saliva or serum samples. Therefore, it seems necessary to find alternative matrices which can be used as stress indicators in which sample collection methods are non-invasive. Two experiments were conducted to first to test the feasibility of cortisol levels in facial hair and second to find a correlation among facial hair cortisol and cortisol levels in nails. In the first experiment, facial hair from five subjects was analyzed to confirm the presence of cortisol. The results of the assessment of facial hair showed that facial hair may be used to measure cortisol levels over a short period of time. In the second experiment, nineteen university students (males who regularly partake in martial artsaged: 22 ± 3.15) provided fingernail, toenail and facial hair samples at set intervals throughout the school year; 1) The Study Period-during the student's every-day life (minimal stress conditions, baseline), 2) The Exam Periodfollowing student's final exams (mental stress), and 3) The Fighting Period- following intensive martial arts training (physical stress). Cortisol in facial hair, toenails, and fingernails showed higher levels during both the Exam Period and the Fighting Period when compared to the baseline Study Period (p 0.05). A higher correlation in cortisol levels was observed between facial hair samples and toenails (r=0.73) than between fingernails and toenails (r=0.61). Overall, cortisol levels showed significant correlations between fingernails and toenails (p=0.001, r=0.61), fingernails and facial hair (p=0.01, r=0.54), and toenails and facial hair (p=0.001, r=0.73). Further research is needed to understand the relationship between facial hair and nail cortisol and their possible relationship with health disorders.
{"title":"A Cortisol Study; Facial Hair and Nails","authors":"J. G. Nejad, Mostafa Ghaseminezhad, K. Sung, Fatemeh Hoseinzadeh, Jennette B.A. Cabibi, Jongho Lee","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000177","url":null,"abstract":"Current methods for measuring cortisol levels can be challenging due to the need to take multiple urine, saliva or serum samples. Therefore, it seems necessary to find alternative matrices which can be used as stress indicators in which sample collection methods are non-invasive. Two experiments were conducted to first to test the feasibility of cortisol levels in facial hair and second to find a correlation among facial hair cortisol and cortisol levels in nails. In the first experiment, facial hair from five subjects was analyzed to confirm the presence of cortisol. The results of the assessment of facial hair showed that facial hair may be used to measure cortisol levels over a short period of time. In the second experiment, nineteen university students (males who regularly partake in martial artsaged: 22 ± 3.15) provided fingernail, toenail and facial hair samples at set intervals throughout the school year; 1) The Study Period-during the student's every-day life (minimal stress conditions, baseline), 2) The Exam Periodfollowing student's final exams (mental stress), and 3) The Fighting Period- following intensive martial arts training (physical stress). Cortisol in facial hair, toenails, and fingernails showed higher levels during both the Exam Period and the Fighting Period when compared to the baseline Study Period (p 0.05). A higher correlation in cortisol levels was observed between facial hair samples and toenails (r=0.73) than between fingernails and toenails (r=0.61). Overall, cortisol levels showed significant correlations between fingernails and toenails (p=0.001, r=0.61), fingernails and facial hair (p=0.01, r=0.54), and toenails and facial hair (p=0.001, r=0.73). Further research is needed to understand the relationship between facial hair and nail cortisol and their possible relationship with health disorders.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89674609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-22DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000175
P. Andújar-Plata, Eva Fern, ez-Rodriguez, F. Casanueva
Subclinical deficiency of pituitary hormones represents an intermediate situation among normal pituitary secretion and overt hypopituitarism. Clinical hypopituitarism is associated with impaired morbidity and mortality, but there are not many studies on these topics in the subclinical setting. Moreover, clinical manifestations and diagnosis criteria are not well defined, so this entity is probably an underdiagnosed disorder. Long-term controlled studies are needed to establish a correct definition of subclinical hypopituitarism and to know its clinical implications, optimal methods of diagnosis, and indications for substitutive treatment. This review will focus on the evidence related to epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of subclinical hypopituitarism.
{"title":"An Update on Subclinical Hypopituitarism","authors":"P. Andújar-Plata, Eva Fern, ez-Rodriguez, F. Casanueva","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000175","url":null,"abstract":"Subclinical deficiency of pituitary hormones represents an intermediate situation among normal pituitary secretion and overt hypopituitarism. Clinical hypopituitarism is associated with impaired morbidity and mortality, but there are not many studies on these topics in the subclinical setting. Moreover, clinical manifestations and diagnosis criteria are not well defined, so this entity is probably an underdiagnosed disorder. Long-term controlled studies are needed to establish a correct definition of subclinical hypopituitarism and to know its clinical implications, optimal methods of diagnosis, and indications for substitutive treatment. This review will focus on the evidence related to epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of subclinical hypopituitarism.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77677899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-06-09DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000174
E. Colón, C. Carlsson‐Skwirut, K. Svechnikov, O. Söder
The secretory insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) induces apoptosis via both insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Here, we have examined the effects of IGFBP-3 on Leydig cell apoptosis, proliferation and steroidogenesis. Immunohistochemical analysis of testes of rats at different ages revealed that IGFBP-3 is expressed first after 20 days of postnatal life and is present at a high level in the adult testis. In addition, Western blotting showed that the expression of IGFBP-3 in Leydig cells isolated from 60-day-old rats is higher than in 40-day-old animals. The rate of DNA synthesis (as assessed by incorporation of 3H-thymidine in vitro) in Leydig cells from 40-day-old rats is reduced by IGFBP-3, which also blocks the promotion of cell survival by IGF-I. Moreover, IGFBP-3 induces apoptosis in Leydig cells and, at the same time, attenuates the anti-apoptotic action of IGF-I. Furthermore, IGF-I stimulates secretion of IGFBP-3, -4, and -2 by Leydig cells. The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor- α induces apoptosis in these same cells and increases their secretion of IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-4. These findings provide the first evidence that IGFBP-3 acts as a pro-apoptotic effector of Leydig cells and can also block the positive effect of IGF-I on cell survival. In addition, IGFBPs appear to modulate interactions between IGF-I and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the testis, suggesting possible participation of these proteins in processes such as testicular inflammation and cancer.
{"title":"Autocrine/Paracrine Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 Acts asPro-apoptotic Factor for Leydig cells in the Rat Testis","authors":"E. Colón, C. Carlsson‐Skwirut, K. Svechnikov, O. Söder","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000174","url":null,"abstract":"The secretory insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) induces apoptosis via both insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Here, we have examined the effects of IGFBP-3 on Leydig cell apoptosis, proliferation and steroidogenesis. Immunohistochemical analysis of testes of rats at different ages revealed that IGFBP-3 is expressed first after 20 days of postnatal life and is present at a high level in the adult testis. In addition, Western blotting showed that the expression of IGFBP-3 in Leydig cells isolated from 60-day-old rats is higher than in 40-day-old animals. The rate of DNA synthesis (as assessed by incorporation of 3H-thymidine in vitro) in Leydig cells from 40-day-old rats is reduced by IGFBP-3, which also blocks the promotion of cell survival by IGF-I. Moreover, IGFBP-3 induces apoptosis in Leydig cells and, at the same time, attenuates the anti-apoptotic action of IGF-I. Furthermore, IGF-I stimulates secretion of IGFBP-3, -4, and -2 by Leydig cells. The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor- α induces apoptosis in these same cells and increases their secretion of IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-4. These findings provide the first evidence that IGFBP-3 acts as a pro-apoptotic effector of Leydig cells and can also block the positive effect of IGF-I on cell survival. In addition, IGFBPs appear to modulate interactions between IGF-I and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the testis, suggesting possible participation of these proteins in processes such as testicular inflammation and cancer.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89948940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-31DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000173
E. Alerraqi
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by cellular-mediated inflammatory reactions which render apoptotic epithelial cells and degeneration of the basal epithelial layer. Eighteen volunteering cases of OLP were scheduled, after getting their informed consents, to be reported in this study. All of them were diagnosed histologically. The diagnosis was confirmed via immunofluorescence. Another incisional sample was scheduled after finishing the recruited treatment. The patient histological findings were contrasted, before and after treatment, to ten cases of non-lesional archival cases of oral mucosa as a control group. Results revealed no difference in the response to the pharmaceutical form of steroids used in treating OLP. Although steroid therapy is the mainstay treatment of OLP, adjuvant treatment modalities should be recruited for improving the healing process.
{"title":"Steroid Therapy in Oral Lichen Planus","authors":"E. Alerraqi","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000173","url":null,"abstract":"Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by cellular-mediated inflammatory reactions which render apoptotic epithelial cells and degeneration of the basal epithelial layer. Eighteen volunteering cases of OLP were scheduled, after getting their informed consents, to be reported in this study. All of them were diagnosed histologically. The diagnosis was confirmed via immunofluorescence. Another incisional sample was scheduled after finishing the recruited treatment. The patient histological findings were contrasted, before and after treatment, to ten cases of non-lesional archival cases of oral mucosa as a control group. Results revealed no difference in the response to the pharmaceutical form of steroids used in treating OLP. Although steroid therapy is the mainstay treatment of OLP, adjuvant treatment modalities should be recruited for improving the healing process.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"65 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82190036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-05-07DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000172
Rabih Darwiche, R. Schneiter
Pathogen-related yeast protein 1 (Pry1) is a Saccharomyces cerevisiae member of the CAP/SCP/TAPS superfamily. Although, CAP proteins have been proposed to be implicated in a number of physiological processes, such as pathogen virulence, sperm maturation andfertilization, host-pathogen interactions and defense mechanisms, the molecular mode of action of these proteins is poorly understood. CAP proteins are mostly secreted and they are stable in the extracellular space over a wide a range of conditions. All members of this superfamily contain a common CAP domain of approximately 150 amino acids, which adopts a unique α-β-α sandwich fold. We have previously shown that the yeast CAP family members act as sterol-binding and -export proteins in vivo and that the Pry proteins bind cholesterol and cholesteryl acetate in vitro. The conserved CAP domain of Pry1 is necessary and sufficient for sterol binding. Based on these observations, it is conceivable that CAP proteins exert their biological function through a common mechanism, such as binding and sequestration of sterols or related small hydrophobic compounds. Here we analyze the ligand specificity of Pry1 in more detail and show that the presence of the aliphatic isooctane side chain of the sterol but not the 3-hydroxyl group is important for binding to Pry1.
{"title":"Cholesterol-Binding by the Yeast CAP Family Member Pry1 Requires thePresence of an Aliphatic Side Chain on Cholesterol","authors":"Rabih Darwiche, R. Schneiter","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000172","url":null,"abstract":"Pathogen-related yeast protein 1 (Pry1) is a Saccharomyces cerevisiae member of the CAP/SCP/TAPS superfamily. Although, CAP proteins have been proposed to be implicated in a number of physiological processes, such as pathogen virulence, sperm maturation andfertilization, host-pathogen interactions and defense mechanisms, the molecular mode of action of these proteins is poorly understood. CAP proteins are mostly secreted and they are stable in the extracellular space over a wide a range of conditions. All members of this superfamily contain a common CAP domain of approximately 150 amino acids, which adopts a unique α-β-α sandwich fold. We have previously shown that the yeast CAP family members act as sterol-binding and -export proteins in vivo and that the Pry proteins bind cholesterol and cholesteryl acetate in vitro. The conserved CAP domain of Pry1 is necessary and sufficient for sterol binding. Based on these observations, it is conceivable that CAP proteins exert their biological function through a common mechanism, such as binding and sequestration of sterols or related small hydrophobic compounds. Here we analyze the ligand specificity of Pry1 in more detail and show that the presence of the aliphatic isooctane side chain of the sterol but not the 3-hydroxyl group is important for binding to Pry1.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"94 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86076403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-04-02DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000171
Wendell Sg, Edwards Jp
Introduction of α, β-unsaturated ketones to Δ5 steroidal olefins changes the characteristics and biological function of those compounds. Several synthetic methods have been reported to accomplish carbonyl introduction to Δ5 steroidal olefins. Herein, this short review will catalogue many of those oxidative methods, particularly those proceeding through a peroxide intermediate and/or use chromium complexes as reagents.
{"title":"A Short Review of Methods for the Allylic Oxidation of ÃÂ5 SteroidalCompounds to Enones","authors":"Wendell Sg, Edwards Jp","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000171","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction of α, β-unsaturated ketones to Δ5 steroidal olefins changes the characteristics and biological function of those compounds. Several synthetic methods have been reported to accomplish carbonyl introduction to Δ5 steroidal olefins. Herein, this short review will catalogue many of those oxidative methods, particularly those proceeding through a peroxide intermediate and/or use chromium complexes as reagents.","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87810211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-08DOI: 10.4172/2157-7536.1000.166
M. Lauriola, G. D’Uva
D’Uva G1,2* and Lauriola M1,3* 1Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel 2Scientific and Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, 20138, Italy 3Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine DIMES, University of Bologna, 40138, Italy *Corresponding Author: Lauriola M, PhD, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty, Medicine DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy. Phone: +39 0512094102; Fax: +39 0512094110; Email: mattia.lauriola2@unibo.it
D 'Uva G1,2*和Lauriola M1,3* 1以色列Rehovot, 76100魏茨曼科学研究所生物调控系2意大利米兰，20138科技园区3意大利博洛尼亚大学实验、诊断和专业医学DIMES系，意大利40138 *通讯作者:Lauriola M，博士，博洛尼亚大学实验、诊断和专业医学DIMES系，意大利博洛尼亚40138。电话:+39 0512094102;传真:+39 0512094110;电子邮件:mattia.lauriola2@unibo.it
{"title":"Shaping ERBB Signalling by Steroid Hormones","authors":"M. Lauriola, G. D’Uva","doi":"10.4172/2157-7536.1000.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7536.1000.166","url":null,"abstract":"D’Uva G1,2* and Lauriola M1,3* 1Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel 2Scientific and Technology Park, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, 20138, Italy 3Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine DIMES, University of Bologna, 40138, Italy *Corresponding Author: Lauriola M, PhD, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty, Medicine DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy. Phone: +39 0512094102; Fax: +39 0512094110; Email: mattia.lauriola2@unibo.it","PeriodicalId":17132,"journal":{"name":"Journal of steroids & hormonal science","volume":"86 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80674651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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