Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.011
Shemang Y. Chindo, Kehinde I. Omoniyi, Mustapha A. Raji
The hydrometallurgical method for processing chalcopyrite ore has gained enormous attention due to the environmental problems emanated by the conventional pyrometallurgical route. Here, hydrometallurgy is considered an alternative that may be more of low-cost and environmentally friendly. Thus, alkaline leaching has been considered an effective, efficient, and acceptable leachant for chalcopyrite ore dissolution. The dissolution behaviour of copper from low-grade chalcopyrite mineral was examined in an ammonia-ammonium chloride media. However, the influence of experimental conditions including alkali concentration, reaction temperature, and particle size was considered. At optimized leaching conditions (o.4 mol/L NH3-NH4Cl; 75 °C; 43 μm), 81.1% dissolution efficiency was achieved within 120 minutes. The dissolution mechanism with estimated activation energy (Ea)of 29.95 kJ/mol is by the proposed diffusion control mechanism. Hence, the dissolution rate was affirmed by analyzing the raw ore and un-leached residue using XRD and SEM-EDS analyses for possible industrial utilities.
{"title":"Chalcopyrite Leaching in Ammonia-Ammonium Chloride Solutions: Insight into the Dissolution Kinetic Studies","authors":"Shemang Y. Chindo, Kehinde I. Omoniyi, Mustapha A. Raji","doi":"10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"The hydrometallurgical method for processing chalcopyrite ore has gained enormous attention due to the environmental problems emanated by the conventional pyrometallurgical route. Here, hydrometallurgy is considered an alternative that may be more of low-cost and environmentally friendly. Thus, alkaline leaching has been considered an effective, efficient, and acceptable leachant for chalcopyrite ore dissolution. The dissolution behaviour of copper from low-grade chalcopyrite mineral was examined in an ammonia-ammonium chloride media. However, the influence of experimental conditions including alkali concentration, reaction temperature, and particle size was considered. At optimized leaching conditions (o.4 mol/L NH3-NH4Cl; 75 °C; 43 μm), 81.1% dissolution efficiency was achieved within 120 minutes. The dissolution mechanism with estimated activation energy (Ea)of 29.95 kJ/mol is by the proposed diffusion control mechanism. Hence, the dissolution rate was affirmed by analyzing the raw ore and un-leached residue using XRD and SEM-EDS analyses for possible industrial utilities.","PeriodicalId":17134,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Materials Processing and Management","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80152459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.001
Z. Al-Timimi, Zeina J. Tammemi
The{Poly4-Nicotinamido-4-Oxo-2-Butenoic Acid's}, which serves as an anti-corrosion layer, was produced by electropolymerized the {4-Nicotinamido-4-Oxo-2-Butenoic Acid's} monomer onto 316-grade steel material. The produced polymer's structure and characteristics were evaluated using SEM, cyclic voltammetry, and other techniques. The corrosion resistance of stainless steel, both uncoated and coated in a corrosive medium of 0.2M HCl solution was examined using an electrochemical polarisation technique at temperatures ranging from (293-323) K. Nanomaterials such as nano zinc oxide and graphene were introduced to monomer solutions at various concentrations to increase the corrosion resistance of stainless-steel surfaces. According to the findings, adding nano components to a polymeric coating increased its protective effectiveness. Thermodynamic and kinetic activation properties were also investigated. The percentage of protection efficiencies and polarisation resistance values of the covering polymer decreased as the temperature rose. As the temperature climbed, the corrosion current density increased, although the corrosion potential decreased. In SEM and AFM experiments, the development of a protective coating on the surface of 316-grade stainless steel was demonstrated to protect it.
{"title":"Analysis of the {4-Nicotinamido-4-Oxo-2-Butenoic Acid's} Electrochemical Polymerization as an Anti-Corrosion Layer on Stainless-Steel Alloys","authors":"Z. Al-Timimi, Zeina J. Tammemi","doi":"10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"The{Poly4-Nicotinamido-4-Oxo-2-Butenoic Acid's}, which serves as an anti-corrosion layer, was produced by electropolymerized the {4-Nicotinamido-4-Oxo-2-Butenoic Acid's} monomer onto 316-grade steel material. The produced polymer's structure and characteristics were evaluated using SEM, cyclic voltammetry, and other techniques. The corrosion resistance of stainless steel, both uncoated and coated in a corrosive medium of 0.2M HCl solution was examined using an electrochemical polarisation technique at temperatures ranging from (293-323) K. Nanomaterials such as nano zinc oxide and graphene were introduced to monomer solutions at various concentrations to increase the corrosion resistance of stainless-steel surfaces. According to the findings, adding nano components to a polymeric coating increased its protective effectiveness. Thermodynamic and kinetic activation properties were also investigated. The percentage of protection efficiencies and polarisation resistance values of the covering polymer decreased as the temperature rose. As the temperature climbed, the corrosion current density increased, although the corrosion potential decreased. In SEM and AFM experiments, the development of a protective coating on the surface of 316-grade stainless steel was demonstrated to protect it.","PeriodicalId":17134,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Materials Processing and Management","volume":"06 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86139784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.004
Naveen Prasad B.S, S. S.
Capsaicin has general impressive health benefits such as anticancer, stimulates digestion and enables weight loss. The aim of this study is to extract capsaicin from black pepper and white pepper by using polar (Ethanol) and nonpolar (Acetone) solvents and to maximize the percentage yield of capsaicin. The effect of temperature and solid to solvent ratioon percentage yield is investigated for extraction of capsaicin from black pepper and white pepper. The percentage yield of capsaicin is higher for acetone than ethanol for both black and white pepper at the temperature and solid to solvent ratio of 50oC and 1:10, respectively. Also, the percentageyield of capsaicin is higher for ethanol than acetone for both black and white pepper at the temperature and solid to solvent ratio of 70oC and 1:10, respectively. Hence, black and white pepper could be the potential substrates for the extraction of capsaicin.
{"title":"Extraction of Capsaicin from Black and White Pepper","authors":"Naveen Prasad B.S, S. S.","doi":"10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"Capsaicin has general impressive health benefits such as anticancer, stimulates digestion and enables weight loss. The aim of this study is to extract capsaicin from black pepper and white pepper by using polar (Ethanol) and nonpolar (Acetone) solvents and to maximize the percentage yield of capsaicin. The effect of temperature and solid to solvent ratioon percentage yield is investigated for extraction of capsaicin from black pepper and white pepper. The percentage yield of capsaicin is higher for acetone than ethanol for both black and white pepper at the temperature and solid to solvent ratio of 50oC and 1:10, respectively. Also, the percentageyield of capsaicin is higher for ethanol than acetone for both black and white pepper at the temperature and solid to solvent ratio of 70oC and 1:10, respectively. Hence, black and white pepper could be the potential substrates for the extraction of capsaicin.","PeriodicalId":17134,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Materials Processing and Management","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90483138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.010
H. Darweesh
In recent years, researchers dedicated themselves to explore the possibility of introducingconcrete waste powder (CWP) into Portland cement as a sustainable material for Portland cement to reduce as possible the environmental pollution with this concrete demolition wastes. To optimize the effect of CWP on cement-based materials, this paper usesnano-silica (NS) to improve the hydration and mechanical properties of cement-based materials with CWP. Results indicated that after adding NS into CWP cement pastes, the setting time of cement pastes was significantly reduced, while the early rate of hydration and hydration heat increased. Besides, the mechanical strengths of the cement pastes increased as CWP replaced at the expense of the cement only up till 15 weights %, and then decreased. The addition of nanosilica (NS) can compensate the mechanical strength loss caused by CWP as supplementary cementing materials. The higher ratios of CWP than 15 weight % increased the pore volume or porosity. In contrast, NS in CWP blended cement significantly decreased the porosity, and increased the proportion of harmless pores. Hence, NS reduced the porosity, which in turn improved and enhanced the bulk density and mechanical properties. The optimum amount of NS is 2.5 weight % which resulted in the best results. The heat of hydration of the different cement batches in the two groups adversely affected with the incorporation of CWP, but little improved with NS. The obtained results were confirmed by the ultrasonic pulse velocity (USPV) test, where the cement batch PP15 (Group I) and PS2.5 (Group II) achieved the highest conformance.
{"title":"Recycling of Concrete Demolition Waste Powder as a Sustainable Material in Portland Cement Pastes Modified with Nano-silica","authors":"H. Darweesh","doi":"10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, researchers dedicated themselves to explore the possibility of introducingconcrete waste powder (CWP) into Portland cement as a sustainable material for Portland cement to reduce as possible the environmental pollution with this concrete demolition wastes. To optimize the effect of CWP on cement-based materials, this paper usesnano-silica (NS) to improve the hydration and mechanical properties of cement-based materials with CWP. Results indicated that after adding NS into CWP cement pastes, the setting time of cement pastes was significantly reduced, while the early rate of hydration and hydration heat increased. Besides, the mechanical strengths of the cement pastes increased as CWP replaced at the expense of the cement only up till 15 weights %, and then decreased. The addition of nanosilica (NS) can compensate the mechanical strength loss caused by CWP as supplementary cementing materials. The higher ratios of CWP than 15 weight % increased the pore volume or porosity. In contrast, NS in CWP blended cement significantly decreased the porosity, and increased the proportion of harmless pores. Hence, NS reduced the porosity, which in turn improved and enhanced the bulk density and mechanical properties. The optimum amount of NS is 2.5 weight % which resulted in the best results. The heat of hydration of the different cement batches in the two groups adversely affected with the incorporation of CWP, but little improved with NS. The obtained results were confirmed by the ultrasonic pulse velocity (USPV) test, where the cement batch PP15 (Group I) and PS2.5 (Group II) achieved the highest conformance.","PeriodicalId":17134,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Materials Processing and Management","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91306859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.002
K. Motwani, Vandana Gupta
Psoriasis is a topical disease that leads to red and scratchy skin, most commonly on the knees, elbows, trunk and scalp. Psoriasis is an inflammatory constrains, and aloe-vera, a natural product, reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. Further, Vitamin-E has antioxidant properties and it can aid to protect against some of the oxidative burden that occurs with psoriasis. Naturally, vitamin E has broad spectrum benefits for health, skin, and hair. The aim of present research was to prepare and characterized Nano-Transfersomes of Vitamin-E and aloe-verafor the management of psoriasis. Nano-Transfersomespharmaceutical formulation was prepared and evaluated for particle size, Zeta potential, drug entrapment, shape and surface morphology, pH, viscosity, in vitrodrug release, skin irritation and in vitrostability. The mean size, poly disparityindex (PDI), Zeta potential and entrapment efficiency of optimized Nano-transfersomal vesicles prepared were 146.8±0.98 nm, 0.593, -38.5 Mv and 92.29±4.51% respectively. The prepared formulation revealed prolonged drug release during the study of 24h and results revealed that the drug is more permeable through the egg membrane from Nano-Transfersomes gel formulation in comparison to marketed formulation (Vitamin E Gel Moisture Cream). Vitamin-E and aloe-vera containing Nano-Transfersomes was found to be highly efficacious as topical formulation, as optimized preparation indicated no any evidence of skin irritancy in mice. The present formulation indicated the compatibility of formulations with skin which divulged the therapeutic efficacy of natural formulation in sustainable, biodegradable and biocompatible manner in the management of psoriasis.
{"title":"Nano-Transfersomes of Vitamin-E and Aloe-Vera for The Management of Psoriasis","authors":"K. Motwani, Vandana Gupta","doi":"10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"Psoriasis is a topical disease that leads to red and scratchy skin, most commonly on the knees, elbows, trunk and scalp. Psoriasis is an inflammatory constrains, and aloe-vera, a natural product, reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. Further, Vitamin-E has antioxidant properties and it can aid to protect against some of the oxidative burden that occurs with psoriasis. Naturally, vitamin E has broad spectrum benefits for health, skin, and hair. The aim of present research was to prepare and characterized Nano-Transfersomes of Vitamin-E and aloe-verafor the management of psoriasis. Nano-Transfersomespharmaceutical formulation was prepared and evaluated for particle size, Zeta potential, drug entrapment, shape and surface morphology, pH, viscosity, in vitrodrug release, skin irritation and in vitrostability. The mean size, poly disparityindex (PDI), Zeta potential and entrapment efficiency of optimized Nano-transfersomal vesicles prepared were 146.8±0.98 nm, 0.593, -38.5 Mv and 92.29±4.51% respectively. The prepared formulation revealed prolonged drug release during the study of 24h and results revealed that the drug is more permeable through the egg membrane from Nano-Transfersomes gel formulation in comparison to marketed formulation (Vitamin E Gel Moisture Cream). Vitamin-E and aloe-vera containing Nano-Transfersomes was found to be highly efficacious as topical formulation, as optimized preparation indicated no any evidence of skin irritancy in mice. The present formulation indicated the compatibility of formulations with skin which divulged the therapeutic efficacy of natural formulation in sustainable, biodegradable and biocompatible manner in the management of psoriasis.","PeriodicalId":17134,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Materials Processing and Management","volume":"38 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77792934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.012
Ari Adrianto, Faishal Khalish, Dwita Cahaya Pratiwi
This study aims to determine the effect of the pineapple and orange peel enzymes combined with molasses on the effectiveness of the inhibition zones of gram positive (S. Aureus) and gram negative (E. Coli) bacteria. The study was conducted using the disc method, where the bacterial samples used were at a concentration of 200 millimicrons. And the addition of enzyme solution with a concentration of 20 millimicrons. In observations using Scan 500, the results obtained in samples of pineapple peel with the highest inhibition zones for E. Coliand S. Aureusbacteria, respectively, of 11.7 mm and 12.8 mm. Meanwhile, in the test of orangepeel samples, the highest inhibition zones for E. Coliand S. Aureuswere 16.6 mm and 13.2 mm, respectively. In addition, the highest pH testing of each sample of orange peel and pineapple was obtained on the third fermentation with values of 4.63 and 4.39.
{"title":"Fruit Enzyme Activity of Molasses Combination Against Control of S. Aureus and E. Coli Bacteria","authors":"Ari Adrianto, Faishal Khalish, Dwita Cahaya Pratiwi","doi":"10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.012","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the effect of the pineapple and orange peel enzymes combined with molasses on the effectiveness of the inhibition zones of gram positive (S. Aureus) and gram negative (E. Coli) bacteria. The study was conducted using the disc method, where the bacterial samples used were at a concentration of 200 millimicrons. And the addition of enzyme solution with a concentration of 20 millimicrons. In observations using Scan 500, the results obtained in samples of pineapple peel with the highest inhibition zones for E. Coliand S. Aureusbacteria, respectively, of 11.7 mm and 12.8 mm. Meanwhile, in the test of orangepeel samples, the highest inhibition zones for E. Coliand S. Aureuswere 16.6 mm and 13.2 mm, respectively. In addition, the highest pH testing of each sample of orange peel and pineapple was obtained on the third fermentation with values of 4.63 and 4.39.","PeriodicalId":17134,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Materials Processing and Management","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80892883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.005
F. Omoniyi, A. Alabi, M. A. Salawu, A. Buba
In recent times, composites of graphene are being produced for purposes such as electrodes and gas sensors among others. The synthesis of graphene composites was done via various methods available. Loading copper on graphene like every other transition metal to obtain composite with wide band gap has not been harnessed as such for the similar purposes. In this research, graphene-copper (G-Cu) composites were synthesized via hydrothermal method, using glucose as catalyst, with 5, 15 and 25 wt% copper compositions. In this paper, G-Cu composite is synthesized with different wt% ratio and were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). Elastic/plastic alloy was formed by carbon and copper around 2θ = 44°. The grain sizes were observed to decrease proportionally with increasing temperature. The effect of composition fluctuates the XRD intensity peaks. The band gaps for 5 wt% (as-grown) reduced as temperature increases. Short calcination duration of the composites is observed to have reduced band gaps value to that of longer duration. The thermal treatment of (G-Cu) is observed to cause thermal exfoliation and elastic/plastic alloy formation by Cu and amorphous carbon.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene-Cu Composite Via Hydrothermal Method","authors":"F. Omoniyi, A. Alabi, M. A. Salawu, A. Buba","doi":"10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, composites of graphene are being produced for purposes such as electrodes and gas sensors among others. The synthesis of graphene composites was done via various methods available. Loading copper on graphene like every other transition metal to obtain composite with wide band gap has not been harnessed as such for the similar purposes. In this research, graphene-copper (G-Cu) composites were synthesized via hydrothermal method, using glucose as catalyst, with 5, 15 and 25 wt% copper compositions. In this paper, G-Cu composite is synthesized with different wt% ratio and were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). Elastic/plastic alloy was formed by carbon and copper around 2θ = 44°. The grain sizes were observed to decrease proportionally with increasing temperature. The effect of composition fluctuates the XRD intensity peaks. The band gaps for 5 wt% (as-grown) reduced as temperature increases. Short calcination duration of the composites is observed to have reduced band gaps value to that of longer duration. The thermal treatment of (G-Cu) is observed to cause thermal exfoliation and elastic/plastic alloy formation by Cu and amorphous carbon.","PeriodicalId":17134,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Materials Processing and Management","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81947152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.003
Y. Kouhlane, D. Bouhafs, O. Nwadiaru, N. Demagh, A. Chibani
OPAL2 calculator has proved to be an effective technique for simulating optical losses in various materials for various applications. This study demonstrates the use of this softwareto simulate the transmittance (T) and reflectance (R) and hence evaluate the optical properties of flash evaporated CuIn1-xGaxSe2(CIGS) thin films with a ratio x = 0.28 deposited on stainless-steel (STS) and glass substrates. The simulation results exhibit excellent accuracy of the modeled design presented in this work. The CIGS with a ratio of gallium x = 0.3 showed the best matching between simulated and experimental T and R patterns. Moreover, the simulation shows that an increase in the gallium concentration increases optical losses. Finally, the results demonstrate the application of the freeware program OPAL2 to practically simulate the optical proprieties of CIGS thin films.
{"title":"Optical Properties Evaluation of CuIn1-xGaxSe2 Thin Films Using OPAL2 Calculator","authors":"Y. Kouhlane, D. Bouhafs, O. Nwadiaru, N. Demagh, A. Chibani","doi":"10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"OPAL2 calculator has proved to be an effective technique for simulating optical losses in various materials for various applications. This study demonstrates the use of this softwareto simulate the transmittance (T) and reflectance (R) and hence evaluate the optical properties of flash evaporated CuIn1-xGaxSe2(CIGS) thin films with a ratio x = 0.28 deposited on stainless-steel (STS) and glass substrates. The simulation results exhibit excellent accuracy of the modeled design presented in this work. The CIGS with a ratio of gallium x = 0.3 showed the best matching between simulated and experimental T and R patterns. Moreover, the simulation shows that an increase in the gallium concentration increases optical losses. Finally, the results demonstrate the application of the freeware program OPAL2 to practically simulate the optical proprieties of CIGS thin films.","PeriodicalId":17134,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Materials Processing and Management","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84245903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.006
P. Verma, Vandana Gupta, Ashish Manigauha
Natamycin, an antifungal agent that has been approved in the management of exteriorfungal infectionsof the oculus such asfungal keratitis,blepharitis, and conjunctivitis. The ophthalmic preparation needs frequent installation into the eye due to the quickprecorneldrugloss which may lead to poor bioavailability. The present investigation aimed at formulation development and characterization of in situophthalmic gel of natamycin by using a blend polymer of sodium alginate, ethylcellulose, and Xanthan gum for better residence time to improvethe bioavailability of the drug. The six different formulations (F1 to F6) of natamycin in situgel were prepared. All the formulations were evaluated for clarity, visual appearance, pH, gelling capacity, drug content, drug release, release kinetic, ocular irritancy, and in vitro stability. The results were found to have complied with the pharmacopoeial specification. The in vitrodrug releases of F3 formulation established maximum drug release for 8 h as compared to other formulations in sustained manner.Further, the F3 formulation was found to be stable, safe and innocuous. The studies suggested that prepared in situophthalmic gel of natamycin will be a valuable alternative to conventional eye drops to counter the precorneal loss.
{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Natamycin Loaded Bioadhesive inSituOphthalmic Gel for Enhanced Bioavailability","authors":"P. Verma, Vandana Gupta, Ashish Manigauha","doi":"10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"Natamycin, an antifungal agent that has been approved in the management of exteriorfungal infectionsof the oculus such asfungal keratitis,blepharitis, and conjunctivitis. The ophthalmic preparation needs frequent installation into the eye due to the quickprecorneldrugloss which may lead to poor bioavailability. The present investigation aimed at formulation development and characterization of in situophthalmic gel of natamycin by using a blend polymer of sodium alginate, ethylcellulose, and Xanthan gum for better residence time to improvethe bioavailability of the drug. The six different formulations (F1 to F6) of natamycin in situgel were prepared. All the formulations were evaluated for clarity, visual appearance, pH, gelling capacity, drug content, drug release, release kinetic, ocular irritancy, and in vitro stability. The results were found to have complied with the pharmacopoeial specification. The in vitrodrug releases of F3 formulation established maximum drug release for 8 h as compared to other formulations in sustained manner.Further, the F3 formulation was found to be stable, safe and innocuous. The studies suggested that prepared in situophthalmic gel of natamycin will be a valuable alternative to conventional eye drops to counter the precorneal loss.","PeriodicalId":17134,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Materials Processing and Management","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91061699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.007
Domini Naaemwan Aasonaa
In project construction, materials constitute a major cost item of the project, making material management a key component of project success and profit maximization. Using a cross-sectional survey design, this study explored materials management practices on construction sites and the emerging challenges in material management in the Upper West Region of Ghana. A total of 129 respondents of project site managers, project consultants and the Districts/Municipals Engineers were involved in the study. The study found that organizations use buying strategies, material planning methods, transportation methods, material handling, and inventory management. Among the difficulties include theft and vandalism of materials, a lack of technical expertise on the contractor's part, and a shortage of storage space on site. Given the existing materials management practices, the paper argues for the adoption of technology-based material planning and handling methods. This requires capacity building on the adoption and use of technology in material management.
{"title":"Materials Management Practices on Public Projects in the Upper West Region","authors":"Domini Naaemwan Aasonaa","doi":"10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/jsmpm.2022.02.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"In project construction, materials constitute a major cost item of the project, making material management a key component of project success and profit maximization. Using a cross-sectional survey design, this study explored materials management practices on construction sites and the emerging challenges in material management in the Upper West Region of Ghana. A total of 129 respondents of project site managers, project consultants and the Districts/Municipals Engineers were involved in the study. The study found that organizations use buying strategies, material planning methods, transportation methods, material handling, and inventory management. Among the difficulties include theft and vandalism of materials, a lack of technical expertise on the contractor's part, and a shortage of storage space on site. Given the existing materials management practices, the paper argues for the adoption of technology-based material planning and handling methods. This requires capacity building on the adoption and use of technology in material management.","PeriodicalId":17134,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Materials Processing and Management","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83967557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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