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Retention in Care Among People Living with HIV in Nigeria: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. 尼日利亚艾滋病病毒感染者继续接受护理的情况:系统回顾与元分析》。
IF 1.4 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2024.153
John O Olawepo, Katherine O'Brien, Julia Papasodoro, Philip E Coombs, Neha Singh, Shubhi Gupta, Aarushi Bhan, Babayemi O Olakunde, Echezona E Ezeanolue

Background: In 2021, Nigeria had an estimated 1.9 million people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) and 1.7 million (90%) on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Study Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: This meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. We searched PubMed, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Global Index Medicus, and Cochrane Library. Studies were included if they reported on ART retention in care among PLHIV in Nigeria. The random-effects meta-analyses were used to combine the studies that had complete retention data. The I2 statistic was used to assess the heterogeneity of the studies. A sensitivity analysis was then done by conducting a leave-one-out analysis. Afterward, data were analyzed using STATA version 18.

Results: The search yielded 966 unique articles, of which 52 studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis, and four experimental studies were split into their component arms. The total number of study participants was 563,410, and the pooled retention rate was 72% (95% CI: 67%, 76%; I2=99.9%; n=57). Sub-analysis showed that the Southeast region of Nigeria had the highest retention of 86% (95% CI: 78%, 92%), and the South-South had the lowest retention (58%; 95% CI: 38%, 79%).

Conclusion: In Nigeria, the pooled ART retention rate is less than optimal to achieve the UNAIDS goal of 95%, thus developing new models for ART retention is needed.

背景:2021 年,尼日利亚估计有 190 万人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者(PLHIV),其中 170 万人(90%)接受了抗逆转录病毒疗法(ART)。研究设计:系统回顾和荟萃分析:本荟萃分析遵循《系统综述和荟萃分析首选报告项目》(PRISMA)2020 指南。我们检索了 PubMed、Embase、PsychINFO、CINAHL、Global Index Medicus 和 Cochrane Library。如果研究报告了尼日利亚 PLHIV 接受抗逆转录病毒疗法治疗的情况,则将其纳入研究范围。随机效应荟萃分析用于合并具有完整保留率数据的研究。I2统计量用于评估研究的异质性。然后,通过进行撇除分析进行了敏感性分析。之后,使用 STATA 18 版本对数据进行分析:搜索结果显示,共有 966 篇文章符合荟萃分析的纳入标准,其中有 52 项研究符合荟萃分析的纳入标准,有 4 项实验研究被分为不同的研究臂。研究参与者总数为 563 410 人,汇总保留率为 72%(95% CI:67%,76%;I2=99.9%;n=57)。子分析显示,尼日利亚东南部地区的保留率最高,为86%(95% CI:78%,92%),而南部-南部地区的保留率最低(58%;95% CI:38%,79%):在尼日利亚,抗逆转录病毒疗法的总体保留率低于实现联合国艾滋病规划署 95% 目标的最佳水平,因此需要开发新的抗逆转录病毒疗法保留率模式。
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引用次数: 0
The Frequency of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Children from West of Iran and Genotyping of Rotavirus Isolates: A Suggestion for Further Changes in Childhood Immunization Program. 伊朗西部儿童患轮状病毒肠胃炎的频率和轮状病毒分离株的基因分型:建议进一步修改儿童免疫计划。
IF 1.4 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2024.156
Parinaz Sedighi, Manoochehr Karami, Mehta Razzaghi, Maryam Emamjamaat, Abdollah Karimi, Roxana Mansour Ghanaiee, Masoud Alebouyeh, Iraj Sedighi

Background: Rotavirus is the most common cause of gastroenteritis among children. Currently, four oral live-attenuated vaccines are available to prevent rotavirus infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended including rotavirus vaccination in national immunization programs; however, it has not been introduced to the Iranian national immunization program. The study aimed to assess the frequency of rotavirus gastroenteritis in the west of Iran and investigate the necessity of rotavirus vaccination. Study Design: A case series study.

Methods: In this case series study, 284 cases under six years of age who presented with acute gastroenteritis from March 2021 to 2022 to a referral hospital in the west of Iran were evaluated. Data on baseline characteristics, clinical manifestations, results of stool test, ELISA for rotavirus detection, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for genotyping of rotavirus-positive samples were recorded.

Results: Results showed that the prevalence of rotavirus infection was 36.6%. The highest frequency was observed among children aged 6-12 months and during the autumn. According to the PCR results, G1P[8], G9P[8], G9P[4], and G1P [4] were the dominant genotypes, and 33.75% of samples were infected with multiple rotavirus genotypes.

Conclusion: The study highlights the considerable prevalence of rotavirus infection among cases of acute gastroenteritis in children under six years of age who were referred to a referral hospital in the west of Iran and the high diversity of rotavirus genotypes in the targeted community. Consequently, physicians and health policymakers should prioritize strategies for the prevention and control of this infection, particularly by considering the rotavirus vaccine as a priority for the Iranian national immunization program.

背景:轮状病毒是儿童肠胃炎最常见的病因。目前,有四种口服减毒活疫苗可用于预防轮状病毒感染。世界卫生组织(WHO)建议将轮状病毒疫苗接种纳入国家免疫计划,但伊朗尚未将其纳入国家免疫计划。本研究旨在评估伊朗西部地区轮状病毒肠胃炎的发病率,并调查接种轮状病毒疫苗的必要性。研究设计:病例系列研究:病例系列研究:在这项病例系列研究中,对 2021 年 3 月至 2022 年期间在伊朗西部一家转诊医院就诊的 284 例六岁以下急性肠胃炎病例进行了评估。研究记录了基线特征、临床表现、粪便检测结果、检测轮状病毒的酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)和对轮状病毒阳性样本进行基因分型的聚合酶链反应(PCR)试验等数据:结果显示,轮状病毒感染率为 36.6%。结果显示,轮状病毒感染率为 36.6%,6-12 个月的儿童和秋季的儿童感染率最高。PCR结果显示,G1P[8]、G9P[8]、G9P[4]和G1P[4]为主要基因型,33.75%的样本感染多种轮状病毒基因型:这项研究表明,在伊朗西部一家转诊医院就诊的六岁以下儿童急性肠胃炎病例中,轮状病毒感染的发病率相当高,而且目标社区的轮状病毒基因型具有高度多样性。因此,医生和卫生政策制定者应优先考虑预防和控制这种感染的策略,特别是考虑将轮状病毒疫苗作为伊朗国家免疫计划的优先事项。
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引用次数: 0
Correction: The Role of Social Support in Preventing Suicidal Ideations and Behaviors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 更正:社会支持在预防自杀意念和行为中的作用:系统回顾与元分析》。
IF 1.4 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2024.160
Nahid Darvishi, Mehran Farhadi, Jalal Poorolajal

In the article titled "The Role of Social Support in Preventing Suicidal Ideations and Behaviors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,"1 published as e00609 on June 1, 2024, in the Journal of Research in Health Sciences, corrections have been made to the author list and affiliations. The second affiliation of the first author, Nahid Darvishi, was omitted. The order of the corresponding author, Mehran Farhadi, has been changed from fourth to second. Additionally, the third author has withdrawn from the article due to personal reasons, prompting adjustments in the order of co-authors and their affiliations. These corrections have been applied to both the PDF and HTML versions of the article.

健康科学研究》杂志于 2024 年 6 月 1 日发表了题为《社会支持在预防自杀意念和行为中的作用》(The Role of Social Support in Preventing Suicidal Ideations and Behaviors:1 的文章中,作者名单和单位有误。第一作者Nahid Darvishi的第二单位被省略。通讯作者 Mehran Farhadi 的顺序从第四位改为第二位。此外,第三作者因个人原因退出了文章,因此共同作者及其所属单位的顺序有所调整。这些更正同时适用于文章的 PDF 和 HTML 版本。
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引用次数: 0
Dietary Inflammatory Index and Head and Neck Cancer: A Multicenter Case-Control Study in Iran. 膳食炎症指数与头颈癌:伊朗多中心病例对照研究》。
IF 1.4 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2024.159
Saba Narmcheshm, Monireh Sadat Seyyedsalehi, Bahareh Sasanfar, Hamideh Rashidian, Maryam Hadji, Elham Mohebbi, Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami, Paolo Boffetta, Fatemeh Toorang, Kazem Zendehdel

Background: The inflammatory potential of diet may affect carcinogenesis. This study aimed to determine the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the risk of head and neck cancer (HNC), as well as the interaction between DII and cigarette smoking in HNC development within the Iranian population. Study Design: This is a case-control study.

Methods: In this multicenter case-control study, participants' dietary intake was assessed using a validated 130-item food frequency questionnaire, from which DII was computed. The study recruited 876 new cases from referral hospitals across 10 provinces and 3409 healthy controls who were frequency-matched based on age, gender, and residential place. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) for HNC across tertiles of DII, which were adjusted for confounding variables.

Results: A higher pro-inflammatory diet was associated with an increased risk of all HNC (OR T3 vs. T1 [95% CI]: 1.31 [1.06, 1.62]; P-trend=0.013). There was a significant association between lip and oral cavity cancers and DII (OR T3 vs. T1 [95% CI]: 1.56 [1.16, 1.66]; P-trend=0.004). Furthermore, an inflammatory diet was associated with an increased risk of pharynx cancer (OR T3 vs. T1 [95% CI]: 2.08 [1.14, 3.79]; P-trend=0.02). Additionally, no significant association was observed between DII and larynx cancer, while an interaction was found between DII and tobacco use on the risk of HNC (OR T3 vs. T1 [95% CI]: 2.52 [1.78, 3.57]; P-interaction=0.03).

Conclusion: DII was positively associated with HNC risk. There was a significant association between DII and the risk of lip, oral cavity, and pharynx cancers. Additionally, there was an interaction between tobacco use and DII in determining the risk of HNC.

背景:饮食的炎症潜能可能会影响致癌。本研究旨在确定伊朗人群中饮食炎症指数(DII)与头颈癌(HNC)发病风险之间的关系,以及 DII 与吸烟在 HNC 发病中的相互作用。研究设计:这是一项病例对照研究:在这项多中心病例对照研究中,使用经过验证的 130 项食物频率问卷评估参与者的饮食摄入量,并从中计算出 DII。研究从 10 个省的转诊医院招募了 876 名新病例,并根据年龄、性别和居住地对 3409 名健康对照者进行了频率匹配。研究采用逻辑回归法得出了不同DII分层的HNC几率比(ORs),并对混杂变量进行了调整:结果:较高的促炎饮食与所有 HNC 风险的增加有关(OR T3 vs. T1 [95% CI]:1.31 [1.06, 1.62];P-趋势=0.013)。唇癌和口腔癌与 DII 有明显关联(OR T3 vs. T1 [95% CI]: 1.56 [1.16, 1.66];P-趋势=0.004)。此外,炎症性饮食与咽癌风险增加有关(OR T3 vs. T1 [95% CI]:2.08 [1.14,3.79];P-趋势=0.02)。此外,在 DII 与喉癌之间没有观察到明显的关联,而在 DII 与吸烟对 HNC 风险的影响之间存在交互作用(OR T3 vs. T1 [95% CI]: 2.52 [1.78, 3.57];P-交互作用=0.03):结论:DII与HNC风险呈正相关。结论:DII 与 HNC 风险呈正相关,DII 与罹患唇癌、口腔癌和咽癌的风险有明显关联。此外,吸烟与 DII 在决定 HNC 风险方面存在交互作用。
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引用次数: 0
Factors Influencing the Use of Tobacco Among Youth in Low-Income, Lower-Middle-Income, and Upper-Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. 影响低收入、中低收入和中高收入国家青少年吸烟的因素:系统回顾。
IF 1.4 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2024.152
Fahad Ali Mangrio, Penpaktr Uthis, Suwimon Rojnawee

Background: The use of tobacco is a significant global public health issue. According to the World Health Organization, tobacco use is a considerable risk factor for many diseases and causes more than 8 million deaths per year, with a disproportionate impact on low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, this systematic review was conducted to identify the factors influencing tobacco use among youth in low-income, lower-middle-income, and upper-middle-income countries. Study Design: A system review.

Methods: The review followed the PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023430552). Several data sources were utilized, including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and ProQuest, and cross-sectional data from participants aged 15‒24 underwent investigation. Original full-text articles have been published between 2015 and 2023. Out of the 2892 studies, 20 were included in this review after two reviewers confirmed the eligibility criteria.

Results: The average age of the participants was (mean±standard deviation: 19.45±1.686). Most studies were conducted in lower-middle and upper-middle-income countries. Frequently reported influences were at the individual and social levels, including demographic, economic, and psychological parameters, attitude and knowledge, individual behavioral factors, parental education, family member tobacco use, stressful life events, and social networks. At the environmental level, factors included secondhand smoke exposure, community context, media channels, and access to tobacco.

Conclusion: The findings demonstrated a significant association between youth tobacco use and individual-, social-, and environmental-level factors. Consequently, specific interventions targeting these factors should be deployed to mitigate youth tobacco use in various socioeconomic settings.

背景:烟草使用是一个重大的全球公共卫生问题。世界卫生组织指出,烟草使用是许多疾病的重要风险因素,每年导致 800 多万人死亡,对中低收入国家的影响尤为严重。因此,本系统综述旨在确定影响低收入、中低收入和中高收入国家青少年烟草使用的因素。研究设计:方法:综述遵循 PRISMA 指南,综述方案在 PROSPERO(CRD42023430552)上注册。采用了多个数据源,包括 PubMed、Scopus、ScienceDirect、MEDLINE、CINAHL 和 ProQuest,并对 15-24 岁参与者的横断面数据进行了调查。原始全文文章发表于 2015 年至 2023 年之间。在 2892 项研究中,经两名审稿人确认资格标准后,20 项研究被纳入本综述:参与者的平均年龄为(平均值±标准差:19.45±1.686)岁。大多数研究在中低收入和中高收入国家进行。经常报道的影响因素来自个人和社会层面,包括人口、经济和心理参数、态度和知识、个人行为因素、父母教育、家庭成员吸烟、生活压力事件和社会网络。在环境层面,因素包括二手烟暴露、社区环境、媒体渠道和获得烟草的途径:结论:研究结果表明,青少年烟草使用与个人、社会和环境因素之间存在显著关联。因此,应针对这些因素采取具体的干预措施,以减少不同社会经济环境下的青少年烟草使用。
{"title":"Factors Influencing the Use of Tobacco Among Youth in Low-Income, Lower-Middle-Income, and Upper-Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Fahad Ali Mangrio, Penpaktr Uthis, Suwimon Rojnawee","doi":"10.34172/jrhs.2024.152","DOIUrl":"10.34172/jrhs.2024.152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of tobacco is a significant global public health issue. According to the World Health Organization, tobacco use is a considerable risk factor for many diseases and causes more than 8 million deaths per year, with a disproportionate impact on low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, this systematic review was conducted to identify the factors influencing tobacco use among youth in low-income, lower-middle-income, and upper-middle-income countries. <b>Study Design:</b> A system review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The review followed the PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023430552). Several data sources were utilized, including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and ProQuest, and cross-sectional data from participants aged 15‒24 underwent investigation. Original full-text articles have been published between 2015 and 2023. Out of the 2892 studies, 20 were included in this review after two reviewers confirmed the eligibility criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age of the participants was (mean±standard deviation: 19.45±1.686). Most studies were conducted in lower-middle and upper-middle-income countries. Frequently reported influences were at the individual and social levels, including demographic, economic, and psychological parameters, attitude and knowledge, individual behavioral factors, parental education, family member tobacco use, stressful life events, and social networks. At the environmental level, factors included secondhand smoke exposure, community context, media channels, and access to tobacco.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings demonstrated a significant association between youth tobacco use and individual-, social-, and environmental-level factors. Consequently, specific interventions targeting these factors should be deployed to mitigate youth tobacco use in various socioeconomic settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":17164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research in health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11380735/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142289802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sociodemographic Characteristics and Digital Behaviors Associated with the Use of Fitness and Diet Apps Among Adolescents. 与青少年使用健身和饮食应用程序相关的社会人口特征和数字行为。
IF 1.4 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2024.154
Tatjana Gazibara, Milica Cakic, Jelena Cakic, Anita Grgurevic, Tatjana Pekemezovic

Background: Numerous health apps focusing on fitness, nutrition, and physical activity are available, yet many adolescents have never used them. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of the use of fitness and diet apps and related socio-demographic factors and digital behaviors among high school students. Study Design: A cross-sectional study.

Methods: High school students were recruited from 4 out of 21 public high schools in Belgrade, Serbia. Participants filled out an anonymous questionnaire about socio-demographic characteristics and digital behaviors, along with the e-health literacy scale (eHEALS). Adjusted logistic regression was applied for data analysis using SPSS 20.

Results: Of the 702 students who completed the questionnaire, 670 used smartphones (95.4%; average age 16.5±1.2 years). The prevalence of fitness and diet app use among girls was 29.7% and 9.6%, as well as 17.3% and 3.6% among boys, respectively. Having higher family income, having better e-health literacy, browsing websites about fitness and diet, and using diet apps but not watching YouTube were associated with the use of fitness apps among girls. Being younger and browsing fitness websites and YouTube were associated with the use of fitness apps among boys. Being younger, browsing websites about diet, and using fitness apps were associated with the use of diet apps among girls.

Conclusion: Based on the findings, girls used fitness and diet apps more often than boys. Practical demonstrations on how to utilize certain health apps could be an additional opportunity to support positive health behaviors among adolescents.

背景介绍目前市面上有许多以健身、营养和体育锻炼为主题的健康应用程序,但许多青少年从未使用过这些应用程序。本研究旨在评估高中生使用健身和饮食应用程序的普遍程度,以及相关的社会人口因素和数字化行为。研究设计方法:从塞尔维亚贝尔格莱德 21 所公立高中中的 4 所招募高中生。参与者填写了一份匿名问卷,内容涉及社会人口特征、数字化行为以及电子健康素养量表(eHEALS)。使用 SPSS 20 对数据进行了调整后的逻辑回归分析:在完成问卷的 702 名学生中,有 670 人使用智能手机(95.4%;平均年龄为 16.5±1.2 岁)。女生使用健身和饮食应用程序的比例分别为 29.7% 和 9.6%,男生分别为 17.3% 和 3.6%。家庭收入较高、电子健康知识水平较高、浏览有关健身和饮食的网站、使用饮食应用程序而不观看 YouTube 与女孩使用健身应用程序有关。年龄越小、浏览健身网站和 YouTube 与男孩使用健身应用程序有关。年龄越小、浏览有关饮食的网站和使用健身应用程序与女孩使用饮食应用程序有关:根据调查结果,女生比男生更经常使用健身和减肥应用程序。关于如何使用某些健康应用程序的实际演示可能是支持青少年积极健康行为的又一个机会。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of a Cognitive-Behavioral Group Counseling Program on Weight Bias Internalization and Psychological Outcomes Among Obese Youth in Mahasarakham University, Thailand. 认知行为团体辅导计划对泰国玛哈沙拉堪大学肥胖青少年体重偏差内化和心理结果的影响》(Effects of a Cognitive-Behavioral Group Counseling Program on Weight Bias Internalization and Psychological Outcomes Among Obese Youth in Mahasarakham University, Thailand)。
IF 1.4 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2024.155
Suneerat Yangyuen, Thidarat Somdee, Meihua Yin, Atchara Chaichan, Supattra Keawmuang

Background: Weight bias internalization (WBI) is a serious challenge because of its negative impact on psychological consequences. Although the cognitive-behavioral intervention has been applied to reduce WBI, little is known about its effectiveness among Thai obese youth. Thus, this study sought to determine the effects of a cognitive-behavioral group counseling (CBGC) program on WBI and psychological outcomes in obese youths. Study Design: A randomized controlled trial.

Methods: Eighty obese youths were randomly allocated to two intervention (n=40) and control (n=40) groups. The intervention group received a CBGC program in three sessions with ten activities, while the control group performed their usual counseling process. Data were collected through standardized interviewers with a structured interview questionnaire. The chi-square test, independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, repeated measure ANOVA, and multivariate linear regression were applied for data analyses.

Results: At the follow-up visit, the intervention group had a significant decrease in the mean of WBI, depression, and perceived stress and an increased mean of self-esteem compared to the control group. After adjusting baseline characteristics and baseline outcome values, the intervention also significantly improved WBI (B=-6.82, P<0.001), depression (B=-4.17, P<0.001), perceived stress (B=-6.01, P<0.001), and self-esteem (B=5.07, P<0.001).

Conclusion: The CBGC program effectively reduced WBI, depression, and perceived stress while improving self-esteem among obese youths. This study recommends that group counseling programs be employed as part of a counseling process for obese youth who have experienced WBI.

背景:体重偏差内化(WBI)是一项严峻的挑战,因为它会对心理后果产生负面影响。虽然认知行为干预已被用于减少体重偏差内化,但人们对其在泰国肥胖青少年中的效果知之甚少。因此,本研究试图确定认知行为团体辅导(CBGC)项目对肥胖青少年的 WBI 和心理后果的影响。研究设计:随机对照试验:80名肥胖青少年被随机分配到干预组(40人)和对照组(40人)。干预组接受CBGC项目,共三节课,包括十项活动,而对照组则进行常规咨询。数据由标准化访谈人员通过结构化访谈问卷收集。数据分析采用了卡方检验、独立样本 t 检验、曼-惠特尼 U 检验、重复测量方差分析和多元线性回归:在随访中,与对照组相比,干预组的WBI、抑郁和感知压力平均值显著下降,自尊平均值上升。在对基线特征和基线结果值进行调整后,干预组也显著改善了WBI(B=-6.82,PPPPC结论:CBGC项目有效降低了WBI:CBGC项目有效降低了肥胖青少年的WBI、抑郁和感知压力,同时提高了他们的自尊心。本研究建议将团体辅导计划作为对经历过 WBI 的肥胖青少年进行辅导的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling the Impact of Ergonomic Interventions and Occupational Factors on Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Neck of Office Workers with Machine Learning Methods. 用机器学习方法模拟人体工程学干预措施和职业因素对办公室工作人员颈部工作相关肌肉骨骼疾病的影响。
IF 1.4 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2024.158
Mohammad Sadegh Sohrabi, Hassan Khotanlou, Rashid Heidarimoghadam, Iraj Mohammadfam, Mohammad Babamiri, Ali Reza Soltanian

Background: Modeling with methods based on machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence can help understand the complex relationships between ergonomic risk factors and employee health. The aim of this study was to use ML methods to estimate the effect of individual factors, ergonomic interventions, quality of work life (QWL), and productivity on work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in the neck area of office workers. Study Design: A quasi-randomized control trial.

Methods: To measure the impact of interventions, modeling with the ML method was performed on the data of a quasi-randomized control trial. The data included the information of 311 office workers (aged 32.04±5.34). Method neighborhood component analysis (NCA) was used to measure the effect of factors affecting WMSDs, and then support vector machines (SVMs) and decision tree algorithms were utilized to classify the decrease or increase of disorders.

Results: Three classified models were designed according to the follow-up times of the field study, with accuracies of 86.5%, 80.3%, and 69%, respectively. These models could estimate most influencer factors with acceptable sensitivity. The main factors included age, body mass index, interventions, QWL, some subscales, and several psychological factors. Models predicted that relative absenteeism and presenteeism were not related to the outputs.

Conclusion: In this study, the focus was on disorders in the neck, and the obtained models revealed that individual and management interventions can be the main factors in reducing WMSDs in the neck. Modeling with ML methods can create a new understanding of the relationships between variables affecting WMSDs.

背景:利用基于机器学习(ML)和人工智能的方法进行建模,有助于了解人体工程学风险因素与员工健康之间的复杂关系。本研究旨在使用 ML 方法估算个体因素、人体工程学干预措施、工作生活质量(QWL)和生产率对办公室工作人员颈部工作相关肌肉骨骼疾病(WMSDs)的影响。研究设计:准随机对照试验:为了衡量干预措施的影响,对一项准随机对照试验的数据采用 ML 方法进行了建模。数据包括 311 名上班族(年龄为 32.04±5.34)的信息。采用邻近成分分析法(NCA)来衡量影响WMSDs的因素的影响,然后利用支持向量机(SVM)和决策树算法来对疾病的减少或增加进行分类:根据实地研究的随访时间设计了三种分类模型,准确率分别为 86.5%、80.3% 和 69%。这些模型可以估算出大多数影响因素,灵敏度尚可。主要因素包括年龄、体重指数、干预措施、QWL、某些分量表以及一些心理因素。模型预测相对缺勤率和缺勤率与产出无关:本研究的重点是颈部疾病,所得模型显示,个人和管理干预是减少颈部 WMSDs 的主要因素。使用 ML 方法建模可以对影响 WMSDs 的变量之间的关系产生新的认识。
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引用次数: 0
Identification of Risk Factors for Relapse in Childhood Leukemia Using Penalized Semi-parametric Mixture Cure Competing Risks Model 利用惩罚性半参数混合竞争风险模型识别儿童白血病复发风险因素
IF 1.5 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2024.150
Zahra Mehrbakhsh, Leili Tapak, Nasser Behnampour, G. Roshanaei
Background: Leukemia is the most common childhood malignancy. Identifying prognostic factors of patient survival and relapse using more reliable statistical models instead of traditional variable selection methods such as stepwise regression is of great importance. The present study aimed to apply a penalized semi-parametric mixture cure model to identify the prognostic factors affecting short-term and long-term survival of childhood leukemia in the presence of competing risks. The outcome of interest in this study was time to relapse. Study Design: A retrospective cohort study. Methods: A total of 178 patients (0‒15 years old) with leukemia participated in this study (September 1997 to September 2016, followed up to June 2021) at Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected, and then a penalized semi-parametric mixture cure competing risk model with smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regularizations was used to analyze the data. Results: Important prognostic factors of relapse patients selected by the SCAD regularization method were platelets (150000‒400000 vs.>400000; odds ratio=0.31) in the cure part and type of leukemia (ALL vs. AML, hazard ratio (HR)=0.08), mediastinal tumor (yes vs. no, HR=16.28), splenomegaly (yes vs. no; HR=2.94), in the latency part. In addition, significant prognostic factors of death identified by the SCAD regularization method included white blood cells (<4000 vs.>11000, HR=0.25) and rheumatoid arthritis signs (yes vs. no, HR=5.75) in the latency part. Conclusion: Several laboratory factors and clinical side effects were associated with relapse and death, which can be beneficial in treating the disease and predicting relapse and death time.
背景:白血病是最常见的儿童恶性肿瘤:白血病是最常见的儿童恶性肿瘤。使用更可靠的统计模型而非逐步回归等传统变量选择方法来识别患者生存和复发的预后因素具有重要意义。本研究旨在应用惩罚性半参数混合治愈模型,在存在竞争风险的情况下识别影响儿童白血病短期和长期生存的预后因素。本研究关注的结果是复发时间。研究设计:回顾性队列研究。研究方法:回顾性队列研究:伊朗戈勒斯坦医科大学共有 178 名白血病患者(0-15 岁)参与了这项研究(1997 年 9 月至 2016 年 9 月,随访至 2021 年 6 月)。研究人员收集了患者的人口统计学、临床和实验室数据,然后使用惩罚性半参数混合治疗竞争风险模型,并采用平滑剪切绝对偏差(SCAD)和最小绝对收缩和选择算子(LASSO)正则化来分析数据。结果用 SCAD 正则化方法筛选出的复发患者的重要预后因素是治愈部分的血小板(150000-400000 vs. >400000;几率比=0.31)和潜伏部分的白血病类型(ALL vs. AML,危险比(HR)=0.08)、纵隔肿瘤(有 vs. 无,HR=16.28)、脾脏肿大(有 vs. 无;HR=2.94)。此外,SCAD正则化方法确定的重要死亡预后因素包括潜伏期白细胞(11000,HR=0.25)和类风湿性关节炎体征(有与无,HR=5.75)。结论一些实验室因素和临床副作用与复发和死亡相关,这有利于治疗疾病和预测复发和死亡时间。
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引用次数: 0
Accuracy of Declared Salt Content on Traffic Light Labelling of Nuts and Seeds in Isfahan, Iran 伊朗伊斯法罕坚果和种子红绿灯标签上申报盐含量的准确性
IF 1.5 Q3 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2024.151
Fatemeh Shirani, Seyedeh Mahsa Khodaei, Mojtba Akbari, Razieh Eshaghi, M. Siavash, Zahra Esfandiari
Background: Regarding the importance of the prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and higher consumption of salt among the Iranian population than the level recommended by the World Health Organization, the aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the salt mentioned in the traffic light labelling of nuts and seeds. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 53 packaged nuts and seeds, including 7, 8, 9, 9, 10, and 10 samples of pumpkin, pistachios, almond, sunflower, peanut, and watermelon nuts and seeds, respectively, with traffic light labelling, were randomly purchased from several local markets in Isfahan, Iran. The amount of sodium was measured by the inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy technique and then multiplied by 2.5 to achieve the amount of salt. Results: Varying levels of traffic light labeling value accuracy were observed in most of the samples. In the almond, pistachio, peanut, and watermelon groups, the average amount of laboratory value had a statistically significant difference with the label value (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the salt content of 82% of the studied samples had discrepancies with the values stated on the traffic light labelling. The presentation of an accurate amount of salt content is essential for promoting healthy eating habits and enabling individuals to make informed choices about their diet. It is recommended that regulatory authorities should review labelling guidelines and enforce stricter compliance to ensure accurate representation of salt content on packaged foods.
背景:鉴于预防非传染性疾病(NCDs)的重要性,以及伊朗人口的盐摄入量高于世界卫生组织建议的水平,本研究旨在评估坚果和种子红绿灯标签中提到的盐的准确性。研究设计:横断面研究。研究方法从伊朗伊斯法罕的几个当地市场随机购买了 53 种包装坚果和种子,包括 7、8、9、9、10 和 10 种南瓜、开心果、杏仁、葵花籽、花生和西瓜等坚果和种子样品,这些样品都有交通灯标签。采用电感耦合等离子体-光学发射光谱技术测量钠的含量,然后乘以 2.5 得出盐的含量。结果在大多数样品中都观察到了不同程度的红绿灯标记值准确性。在杏仁组、开心果组、花生组和西瓜组中,实验室平均值与标签值的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论研究结果表明,82% 的研究样本的盐含量与交通灯标签上标注的数值存在差异。要推广健康的饮食习惯,让人们对自己的饮食做出明智的选择,就必须提供准确的盐含量。建议监管当局应检讨标签指引,并更严格遵守,以确保包装食品上的盐分含量准确无误。
{"title":"Accuracy of Declared Salt Content on Traffic Light Labelling of Nuts and Seeds in Isfahan, Iran","authors":"Fatemeh Shirani, Seyedeh Mahsa Khodaei, Mojtba Akbari, Razieh Eshaghi, M. Siavash, Zahra Esfandiari","doi":"10.34172/jrhs.2024.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jrhs.2024.151","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Regarding the importance of the prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and higher consumption of salt among the Iranian population than the level recommended by the World Health Organization, the aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the salt mentioned in the traffic light labelling of nuts and seeds. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 53 packaged nuts and seeds, including 7, 8, 9, 9, 10, and 10 samples of pumpkin, pistachios, almond, sunflower, peanut, and watermelon nuts and seeds, respectively, with traffic light labelling, were randomly purchased from several local markets in Isfahan, Iran. The amount of sodium was measured by the inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy technique and then multiplied by 2.5 to achieve the amount of salt. Results: Varying levels of traffic light labeling value accuracy were observed in most of the samples. In the almond, pistachio, peanut, and watermelon groups, the average amount of laboratory value had a statistically significant difference with the label value (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the salt content of 82% of the studied samples had discrepancies with the values stated on the traffic light labelling. The presentation of an accurate amount of salt content is essential for promoting healthy eating habits and enabling individuals to make informed choices about their diet. It is recommended that regulatory authorities should review labelling guidelines and enforce stricter compliance to ensure accurate representation of salt content on packaged foods.","PeriodicalId":17164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research in health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141415693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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Journal of research in health sciences
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