Background: Trauma is a significant public health concern in Iran, with high mortality and morbidity rates. This study aimed to assess trauma patients' profiles in Shahroud, Iran. Study Design: A cross-sectional study.
Methods: The study involved trauma patients who met specific criteria at Imam Hossein hospital in Shahroud, Iran, between 2016 and 2023, using the National Trauma Registry of Iran (NTRI). The relationship between injury characteristics and the cause of injury was analyzed using chi-square test and post hoc analysis. Quintile regression models assessed the association of demographic and clinical variables with length of stay.
Results: Among 3513 trauma patients, road traffic crashes (RTCs) had a higher percentage of injuries with the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) between 9 and 12 (1.7%) compared to falls (0.3%) (P<0.001). Falls caused more moderate cases with injury severity scores (ISS) ranging from 9 to 15 (22.7%) than RTCs (17.1%) (P<0.001). RTC-related injuries required more ventilation (2.7%) and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions (11.1%) than falls (P<0.001). After adjusting for age, GCS, ISS, and body region, fall had a median length of stay nine hours shorter than RTCs (95% CI = -16.2, -1.8).
Conclusion: Significant injury pattern differences were observed between RTCs and falls. RTCs had higher frequencies of injuries resulting in GCS scores between 9 and 12, while falls had higher frequencies of moderate ISS scores. In addition, patients with RTC-related injuries required more mechanical ventilation and ICU admissions. Moreover, after adjusting for various factors, patients with RTC-related injuries had a significantly longer hospital stay compared to those with fall-related injuries.
{"title":"Trauma Profile in Shahroud: An 8-Year Report of a Hospital-Based Trauma Registry.","authors":"Mahgol Sadat Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei, Vali Baigi, Mohammadreza Zafarghandi, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Salman Daliri, Sara Mirzamohamadi, Armin Khavandegar, Khatereh Naghdi, Payman Salamati","doi":"10.34172/jrhs.2024.142","DOIUrl":"10.34172/jrhs.2024.142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trauma is a significant public health concern in Iran, with high mortality and morbidity rates. This study aimed to assess trauma patients' profiles in Shahroud, Iran. <b>Study Design:</b> A cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved trauma patients who met specific criteria at Imam Hossein hospital in Shahroud, Iran, between 2016 and 2023, using the National Trauma Registry of Iran (NTRI). The relationship between injury characteristics and the cause of injury was analyzed using chi-square test and post hoc analysis. Quintile regression models assessed the association of demographic and clinical variables with length of stay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 3513 trauma patients, road traffic crashes (RTCs) had a higher percentage of injuries with the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) between 9 and 12 (1.7%) compared to falls (0.3%) (<i>P</i><0.001). Falls caused more moderate cases with injury severity scores (ISS) ranging from 9 to 15 (22.7%) than RTCs (17.1%) (<i>P</i><0.001). RTC-related injuries required more ventilation (2.7%) and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions (11.1%) than falls (<i>P</i><0.001). After adjusting for age, GCS, ISS, and body region, fall had a median length of stay nine hours shorter than RTCs (95% CI = -16.2, -1.8).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Significant injury pattern differences were observed between RTCs and falls. RTCs had higher frequencies of injuries resulting in GCS scores between 9 and 12, while falls had higher frequencies of moderate ISS scores. In addition, patients with RTC-related injuries required more mechanical ventilation and ICU admissions. Moreover, after adjusting for various factors, patients with RTC-related injuries had a significantly longer hospital stay compared to those with fall-related injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":17164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research in health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10999101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: This study aimed to investigate mortality and years of life lost (YLL) due to suicide and homicide in children aged 10-19 years in southern Iran from 2004 to 2019. Study Design: A cross-sectional study.
Methods: The data on all deaths due to suicide and homicide in Fars province were obtained from the population-based electronic death registration system (EDRS). Crude mortality rate and YLL were calculated. The joinpoint regression method was used to examine the trend.
Results: During the study period, 563 cases of suicide and 218 cases of homicide in children aged 10-19 have occurred. The total number of YLL due to suicide was 9766 in men and 6261 in women. According to the joinpoint regression analysis, the trend of YLL due to suicide was increasing in males. In other words, the annual percent change (APC) was 4.8% (95% CI 0.4 to 9.5, P=0.036). Additionally, there was a constant trend in females, and APC was 2.7% (95% CI -2.0 to 7.7, P=0.241). The number of YLL due to homicide was 4890 in males and 1294 in females. The trend of YLL due to homicide was stable in males and females. In other words, APC was -1.6% (95% CI -5.6 to -2.6, P=0.422) in males and -2.7% (95% CI -10.0 to 5.2, P=0.467) in females.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the trend of mortality rate and YLL due to suicide in men has been increasing and it has been stable in women. Moreover, the trend of mortality due to homicide was stable for both males and females. Therefore, it is necessary to take preventive actions.
背景：本研究旨在调查 2004 年至 2019 年伊朗南部 10-19 岁儿童因自杀和他杀导致的死亡率和生命损失年数 (YLL)。研究设计：横断面研究：横断面研究：从基于人口的电子死亡登记系统（EDRS）中获取法尔斯省所有因自杀和他杀死亡的数据。计算粗死亡率和YLL。采用连接点回归法研究趋势：在研究期间，10-19 岁儿童中发生了 563 例自杀和 218 例他杀。男性和女性因自杀而死亡的人数分别为 9766 人和 6261 人。根据联结点回归分析，男性因自杀而死亡的人数呈上升趋势。换句话说，每年的百分比变化（APC）为 4.8%（95% CI 0.4 至 9.5，P=0.036）。此外，女性的变化趋势保持不变，APC 为 2.7% (95% CI -2.0 至 7.7，P=0.241)。男性和女性因凶杀而导致的长寿人数分别为 4890 人和 1294 人。男性和女性因他杀而导致的年死亡率趋势稳定。换言之，男性的APC为-1.6%（95% CI -5.6至-2.6，P=0.422），女性为-2.7%（95% CI -10.0至5.2，P=0.467）：根据这项研究的结果，男性因自杀导致的死亡率和YLL呈上升趋势，而女性则保持稳定。此外，男性和女性的凶杀死亡率趋势稳定。因此，有必要采取预防措施。
{"title":"Trend Analysis of Suicide and Homicide Mortality and Years of Life Lost (YLL) in Children Aged 10-19 Years in the South of Iran, 2004-2019.","authors":"Habibollah Azarbakhsh, Fatemeh Jafari, Seyed Parsa Dehghani, Andishe Hamedi, Mohammad Hossein Sharifi, Alireza Mirahmadizadeh","doi":"10.34172/jrhs.2024.141","DOIUrl":"10.34172/jrhs.2024.141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate mortality and years of life lost (YLL) due to suicide and homicide in children aged 10-19 years in southern Iran from 2004 to 2019. <b>Study Design:</b> A cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data on all deaths due to suicide and homicide in Fars province were obtained from the population-based electronic death registration system (EDRS). Crude mortality rate and YLL were calculated. The joinpoint regression method was used to examine the trend.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period, 563 cases of suicide and 218 cases of homicide in children aged 10-19 have occurred. The total number of YLL due to suicide was 9766 in men and 6261 in women. According to the joinpoint regression analysis, the trend of YLL due to suicide was increasing in males. In other words, the annual percent change (APC) was 4.8% (95% CI 0.4 to 9.5, <i>P</i>=0.036). Additionally, there was a constant trend in females, and APC was 2.7% (95% CI -2.0 to 7.7, <i>P</i>=0.241). The number of YLL due to homicide was 4890 in males and 1294 in females. The trend of YLL due to homicide was stable in males and females. In other words, APC was -1.6% (95% CI -5.6 to -2.6, <i>P</i>=0.422) in males and -2.7% (95% CI -10.0 to 5.2, <i>P</i>=0.467) in females.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the findings of this study, the trend of mortality rate and YLL due to suicide in men has been increasing and it has been stable in women. Moreover, the trend of mortality due to homicide was stable for both males and females. Therefore, it is necessary to take preventive actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research in health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10999100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Novi Maulina, Zinatul Hayati, K. Hasballah, Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, Ika Waraztuty, Azzaura Defadheandra
Background: Indonesia has the second highest tuberculosis (TB) cases globally. This study aimed to determine the sociodemographic factors associated with TB and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) cases among presumptive pulmonary TB patients in Aceh Referral Hospital. Study Design: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional review of presumptive pulmonary TB patients having a sputum test at the clinical microbiology laboratory was conducted from January 2015 to December 2021. Patient characteristics and drug susceptibility data were abstracted from the hospital information system of TB (SITB) and analyzed by univariate and bivariate analysis. Results: The Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) was detected in 32.8% sample (1,521/4,637). Of the TB-confirmed cases, 14.1% (215/1,521) were resistant to rifampicin (RR-TB). Most of them were male patients (71.63%), were in the age range of 35–54 years (48.7%), lived in rural areas of the country (56.3%), and were previously TB-treated cases (65.5%). Overall, 35–44-year-old patients (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.11, 95% CI=1.25, 3.5, P<0.05) were more likely to have RR-TB compared to>65-year-old patients. Gender and residence were not associated with RR-TB (P>0.05). Case detection decreased in pandemic conditions (19.5% in 2019 to 13.9% and 7.91% in 2020 and 2021, respectively). Conclusion: The findings revealed the dynamic cases and sociodemographic factors of TB and RR-TB in a province referral hospital in Indonesia for 7 years. The cases of TB and RR-TB among presumptive TB patients were 32.8% and 14.1%, respectively. The cases were found to be more noticeable in males, adults (45–54 years old), and patients residing in rural areas.
{"title":"Rifampicin Resistant Tuberculosis Among Presumptive Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Province Referral Hospital, Indonesia: Dynamic Cases of a 7-Year Report","authors":"Novi Maulina, Zinatul Hayati, K. Hasballah, Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, Ika Waraztuty, Azzaura Defadheandra","doi":"10.34172/jrhs.2024.136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jrhs.2024.136","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Indonesia has the second highest tuberculosis (TB) cases globally. This study aimed to determine the sociodemographic factors associated with TB and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) cases among presumptive pulmonary TB patients in Aceh Referral Hospital. Study Design: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional review of presumptive pulmonary TB patients having a sputum test at the clinical microbiology laboratory was conducted from January 2015 to December 2021. Patient characteristics and drug susceptibility data were abstracted from the hospital information system of TB (SITB) and analyzed by univariate and bivariate analysis. Results: The Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) was detected in 32.8% sample (1,521/4,637). Of the TB-confirmed cases, 14.1% (215/1,521) were resistant to rifampicin (RR-TB). Most of them were male patients (71.63%), were in the age range of 35–54 years (48.7%), lived in rural areas of the country (56.3%), and were previously TB-treated cases (65.5%). Overall, 35–44-year-old patients (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.11, 95% CI=1.25, 3.5, P<0.05) were more likely to have RR-TB compared to>65-year-old patients. Gender and residence were not associated with RR-TB (P>0.05). Case detection decreased in pandemic conditions (19.5% in 2019 to 13.9% and 7.91% in 2020 and 2021, respectively). Conclusion: The findings revealed the dynamic cases and sociodemographic factors of TB and RR-TB in a province referral hospital in Indonesia for 7 years. The cases of TB and RR-TB among presumptive TB patients were 32.8% and 14.1%, respectively. The cases were found to be more noticeable in males, adults (45–54 years old), and patients residing in rural areas.","PeriodicalId":17164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research in health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Gharipour, Minoo Dianatkhah, Shayesteh Jahanfar, A. Rodrigues, Ava Eftekhari, N. Mohammadifard, N. Sarrafzadegan, Cesar de Oliveira, É. A. Silveira
Background: Disease-discordant twins are excellent subjects for matched case-control studies as they allow for the control of confounding factors such as age, gender, genetic background, and intrauterine and early environment factors. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: Past medical history documentation and physical examination were conducted for all participants. Fasting venous blood samples were taken to measure fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid levels. The ACE model, a structural equation model, was used to assess heritability. Results: This study included 710 twin pairs (210 monozygotic and 500 dizygotic) ranging in age from 2 to 52 years (mean age: 11.67±10.71 years). The study was conducted using participants from the Isfahan Twin Registry (ITR) in 2017. Results showed that in early childhood (2-6 years), height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were influenced by shared environmental factors (76%, 75%, and 73%, respectively). In late childhood (7-12 years), hip circumference, waist circumference (WC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were found to be highly heritable (90%, 76%, and 64%, respectively). In adolescents, height (94%), neck circumference (85%), LDL-cholesterol (81%), WC (70%), triglycerides (69%), weight (68%), and BMI (65%) were all found to be highly or moderately heritable. In adult twins, arm circumference (97%), weight (86%), BMI (82%), and neck circumference (81%) were highly heritable. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in influencing individuals at different stages of their lives. Notably, while certain traits such as obesity have a high heritability during childhood, their heritability tends to decrease as individuals transition into adulthood.
{"title":"How Do Genetic and Environmental Factors Influence Cardiometabolic Risk Factors? Findings from the Isfahan Twins Study","authors":"M. Gharipour, Minoo Dianatkhah, Shayesteh Jahanfar, A. Rodrigues, Ava Eftekhari, N. Mohammadifard, N. Sarrafzadegan, Cesar de Oliveira, É. A. Silveira","doi":"10.34172/jrhs.2024.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jrhs.2024.139","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Disease-discordant twins are excellent subjects for matched case-control studies as they allow for the control of confounding factors such as age, gender, genetic background, and intrauterine and early environment factors. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: Past medical history documentation and physical examination were conducted for all participants. Fasting venous blood samples were taken to measure fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid levels. The ACE model, a structural equation model, was used to assess heritability. Results: This study included 710 twin pairs (210 monozygotic and 500 dizygotic) ranging in age from 2 to 52 years (mean age: 11.67±10.71 years). The study was conducted using participants from the Isfahan Twin Registry (ITR) in 2017. Results showed that in early childhood (2-6 years), height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were influenced by shared environmental factors (76%, 75%, and 73%, respectively). In late childhood (7-12 years), hip circumference, waist circumference (WC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were found to be highly heritable (90%, 76%, and 64%, respectively). In adolescents, height (94%), neck circumference (85%), LDL-cholesterol (81%), WC (70%), triglycerides (69%), weight (68%), and BMI (65%) were all found to be highly or moderately heritable. In adult twins, arm circumference (97%), weight (86%), BMI (82%), and neck circumference (81%) were highly heritable. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that both genetic and environmental factors play a role in influencing individuals at different stages of their lives. Notably, while certain traits such as obesity have a high heritability during childhood, their heritability tends to decrease as individuals transition into adulthood.","PeriodicalId":17164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research in health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140391557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Lachyan, R. Zaki, Bratati Banerjee, N. Aghamohammadi
Background: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a dengue intervention program in economically deprived urban regions of India, with a particular emphasis on housing conditions and community involvement. Given the global significance of dengue fever as a vector-borne disease, successful vector management requires effective community engagement. Study Design: A quasi-experimental study. Methods: This study was conducted with 314 participants from Delhi’s Sanjay Colony, divided into control and intervention groups. The study spanned 14 months (August 2020 to September 2021). The intervention program comprised two educational sessions held one month apart, covering dengue awareness, health self-care, and environmental maintenance. Data were collected at baseline, after each intervention session, and during a final follow-up assessment three months later. Results: The primary outcome, the house index (HI), revealed statistically significant differences (P<0.001) favoring the intervention group. The total score (TS) for mosquito-borne disease, TS of knowledge, TS of attitude, and TS of practices all exhibited significant improvements in the intervention group. Participants showed an enhanced understanding of dengue causes, symptoms, and mosquito behavior related to breeding and biting. The HI in the intervention group decreased significantly from 21.65% to 4.45% (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study, grounded in the health belief model (HBM), demonstrated the effectiveness of the intervention program in reducing HI and improving knowledge and preventive practices regarding dengue fever in impoverished urban neighborhoods of Delhi. The intervention program may be beneficial in such a poor urban community.
{"title":"The Effect of Community-Based Intervention on Dengue Awareness and Prevention Among Poor Urban Communities in Delhi, India","authors":"A. Lachyan, R. Zaki, Bratati Banerjee, N. Aghamohammadi","doi":"10.34172/jrhs.2023.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jrhs.2023.131","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a dengue intervention program in economically deprived urban regions of India, with a particular emphasis on housing conditions and community involvement. Given the global significance of dengue fever as a vector-borne disease, successful vector management requires effective community engagement. Study Design: A quasi-experimental study. Methods: This study was conducted with 314 participants from Delhi’s Sanjay Colony, divided into control and intervention groups. The study spanned 14 months (August 2020 to September 2021). The intervention program comprised two educational sessions held one month apart, covering dengue awareness, health self-care, and environmental maintenance. Data were collected at baseline, after each intervention session, and during a final follow-up assessment three months later. Results: The primary outcome, the house index (HI), revealed statistically significant differences (P<0.001) favoring the intervention group. The total score (TS) for mosquito-borne disease, TS of knowledge, TS of attitude, and TS of practices all exhibited significant improvements in the intervention group. Participants showed an enhanced understanding of dengue causes, symptoms, and mosquito behavior related to breeding and biting. The HI in the intervention group decreased significantly from 21.65% to 4.45% (P<0.05). Conclusion: This study, grounded in the health belief model (HBM), demonstrated the effectiveness of the intervention program in reducing HI and improving knowledge and preventive practices regarding dengue fever in impoverished urban neighborhoods of Delhi. The intervention program may be beneficial in such a poor urban community.","PeriodicalId":17164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research in health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139145223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kausthubha Yaratha, Lindsay Talemal, Brian V Monahan, Daohai Yu, Xiaoning Lu, Juan Lucas Poggio
Background: Hospitalization for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) has been described outside of North America as peaking in the fall and winter. However, no recent literature has so far investigated the seasonal fluctuations and complications of PUD in the USA. Study Design: Cross-sectional population database review. Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of either acute gastric or acute duodenal ulcers from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2017, were identified in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s National Inpatient Sample. The proportion of admissions with either hemorrhage or perforation was determined for each season and further subdivided into geographic regions. Results: Of 18829 hospitalizations for PUD, admissions were the highest in the fall (25.9%) while being the lowest in the summer (23.9%). Complications, hemorrhage or perforation, were the highest and the lowest in the fall and spring, respectively (75.7% vs. 73.6%; P=0.060 for comparing all 4 seasons). Geographically, the West had the highest rate of peptic ulcer hemorrhage (64.5%, P=0.004), while the northeast had the highest rate of perforation (14.3%, P=0.003). Hemorrhage was more common in males, those who used aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or anticoagulants, and diabetics (P<0.05). Perforation was less common in males, those with diabetes, obesity, or hypertension (HTN), or those using aspirin or anticoagulants (P<0.05). Helicobacter pylori infection was more associated with perforation in the fall and winter months. Conclusion: Seasonal and regional trends in hospitalizations due to PUD may help identify modifiable risk factors, which can improve diagnostic and treatment outcomes for patients by allowing for more targeted identification of vulnerable populations.
{"title":"Seasonal and Geographic Variation in Peptic Ulcer Disease and Associated Complications in the United States of America","authors":"Kausthubha Yaratha, Lindsay Talemal, Brian V Monahan, Daohai Yu, Xiaoning Lu, Juan Lucas Poggio","doi":"10.34172/jrhs.2023.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jrhs.2023.130","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hospitalization for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) has been described outside of North America as peaking in the fall and winter. However, no recent literature has so far investigated the seasonal fluctuations and complications of PUD in the USA. Study Design: Cross-sectional population database review. Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of either acute gastric or acute duodenal ulcers from January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2017, were identified in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s National Inpatient Sample. The proportion of admissions with either hemorrhage or perforation was determined for each season and further subdivided into geographic regions. Results: Of 18829 hospitalizations for PUD, admissions were the highest in the fall (25.9%) while being the lowest in the summer (23.9%). Complications, hemorrhage or perforation, were the highest and the lowest in the fall and spring, respectively (75.7% vs. 73.6%; P=0.060 for comparing all 4 seasons). Geographically, the West had the highest rate of peptic ulcer hemorrhage (64.5%, P=0.004), while the northeast had the highest rate of perforation (14.3%, P=0.003). Hemorrhage was more common in males, those who used aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or anticoagulants, and diabetics (P<0.05). Perforation was less common in males, those with diabetes, obesity, or hypertension (HTN), or those using aspirin or anticoagulants (P<0.05). Helicobacter pylori infection was more associated with perforation in the fall and winter months. Conclusion: Seasonal and regional trends in hospitalizations due to PUD may help identify modifiable risk factors, which can improve diagnostic and treatment outcomes for patients by allowing for more targeted identification of vulnerable populations.","PeriodicalId":17164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research in health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The relationship between anemia and depression remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association between hemoglobin (Hb) levels and depressive symptoms. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: This study was conducted using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2005–2018. Hb levels were obtained from laboratory files, and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Multivariable logistic regression analysis and smoothing plots were performed to examine the relationship between anemia and depression, including potential nonlinear associations. Results: The study included 6008 male adults. Multivariable analysis revealed that anemia was associated with an increased odds ratio for mild (OR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.10) and moderate (OR=2.05, 95% CI: 1.14-3.70) anemia. Additionally, each additional g/dL of Hb was significantly inversely associated with developing depression (OR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.96). A nonlinear relationship was detected between Hb and depression, with an inflection point at 15 g/dL. Below this threshold, there was a significantly negative association between Hb and depression (OR=0.88, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.98); no significant relationship was observed above it (OR=1.05, 95% CI: 0.84, 1.31). Conclusion: Anemia was positively associated with depression in non-White American men. A nonlinear relationship between Hb and depression was detected, and it had a saturation effect. A significant negative correlation with depression was observed when the Hb level was below 15 g/dL.
{"title":"The Association Between Anemia and Depressive Symptoms in Non-White Male Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2018)","authors":"Jinsong Mou, Haishan Zhou, Zhangui Feng","doi":"10.34172/jrhs.2023.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jrhs.2023.133","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The relationship between anemia and depression remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association between hemoglobin (Hb) levels and depressive symptoms. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: This study was conducted using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2005–2018. Hb levels were obtained from laboratory files, and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Multivariable logistic regression analysis and smoothing plots were performed to examine the relationship between anemia and depression, including potential nonlinear associations. Results: The study included 6008 male adults. Multivariable analysis revealed that anemia was associated with an increased odds ratio for mild (OR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.06, 2.10) and moderate (OR=2.05, 95% CI: 1.14-3.70) anemia. Additionally, each additional g/dL of Hb was significantly inversely associated with developing depression (OR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.96). A nonlinear relationship was detected between Hb and depression, with an inflection point at 15 g/dL. Below this threshold, there was a significantly negative association between Hb and depression (OR=0.88, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.98); no significant relationship was observed above it (OR=1.05, 95% CI: 0.84, 1.31). Conclusion: Anemia was positively associated with depression in non-White American men. A nonlinear relationship between Hb and depression was detected, and it had a saturation effect. A significant negative correlation with depression was observed when the Hb level was below 15 g/dL.","PeriodicalId":17164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research in health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139145945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Hassanzadeh-Rangi, H. Jalilian, A. Farshad, Y. Khosravi
Background: Evidence suggests that train drivers experience a high level of fatigue and mental workload. The present study aimed to assess overall, physical, and mental fatigue levels and their correlations with the mental workload in the metro train operation. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: This study was conducted on all 1194 train drivers in the Tehran Metro. The train drivers completed the Samn-Perelli Fatigue Scale and the Fatigue Assessment Scales at the beginning and end of the shift. In addition, they completed the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index in the middle and at the end of the shift. Correlation and regression analyses were performed on the data to test the study hypothesis. Results: Overall, physical, and mental fatigue levels increased significantly at the end of the shift compared to the onset of the shift (P<0.001). The mental workload and related dimensions were significantly increased at the end of the shift compared to the middle of the shift (P<0.001). Mental demand was the most important workload problem among the train drivers. The highest correlation was found between overall workload and time pressure (R=0.68, P<0.001). Conclusion: The mental workload had a significant correlation with work fatigue in the train drivers. Control measures should be focused on the mental workload and related dimensions, especially mental demand and time pressure.
{"title":"Correlation of Work Fatigue and Mental Workload in Train Drivers: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"N. Hassanzadeh-Rangi, H. Jalilian, A. Farshad, Y. Khosravi","doi":"10.34172/jrhs.2023.135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jrhs.2023.135","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Evidence suggests that train drivers experience a high level of fatigue and mental workload. The present study aimed to assess overall, physical, and mental fatigue levels and their correlations with the mental workload in the metro train operation. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: This study was conducted on all 1194 train drivers in the Tehran Metro. The train drivers completed the Samn-Perelli Fatigue Scale and the Fatigue Assessment Scales at the beginning and end of the shift. In addition, they completed the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index in the middle and at the end of the shift. Correlation and regression analyses were performed on the data to test the study hypothesis. Results: Overall, physical, and mental fatigue levels increased significantly at the end of the shift compared to the onset of the shift (P<0.001). The mental workload and related dimensions were significantly increased at the end of the shift compared to the middle of the shift (P<0.001). Mental demand was the most important workload problem among the train drivers. The highest correlation was found between overall workload and time pressure (R=0.68, P<0.001). Conclusion: The mental workload had a significant correlation with work fatigue in the train drivers. Control measures should be focused on the mental workload and related dimensions, especially mental demand and time pressure.","PeriodicalId":17164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research in health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. D. Kusumawardani, A. Laksono, Taufik Hidayat, Sri Supadmi, Leny Latifah, Sri Sulasmi, H. Ashar, Muhammad Arif Musoddaq
Background: The Maluku region encompasses thousands of islands. The study analyzed factors related to stunting among children under two years old in the Maluku Region of Indonesia. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 4764 children under two years. In addition to nutritional status (stature), the study analyzed ten independent variables (province, residence, maternal age, marital status, maternal education, employment, wealth, children’s age, gender, and early initiation of breastfeeding [EIBF]). Finally, the contribution of various factors to stunting was examined using logistic regression. Results: Children in Maluku province were 1.13 times more likely than those in North Maluku province to become stunted. In addition, children aged 12-13 months were 4.09 times more likely than<12 months, and boys were 1.87 times more likely than girls to have the patterns of stunting. Children in rural areas were 1.10 times more likely to become stunted than those in urban areas (95% confidence interval: 1.06, 1.14). Divorced/widowed mothers were 1.88 times more likely than married mothers. Mothers of all education levels were more likely than those without formal education, and unemployed mothers were 1.07 times more likely than employed mothers to have stunted children. The possibility of becoming stunted was lower when the children were wealthier. Conclusion: Nine variables were related to stunted incidence, including province, residence, maternal age, marital status, maternal education, employment, wealth, children’s age, and gender.
{"title":"Stunting Among Children Under Two Years in the Islands Areas: A Cross-sectional Study of the Maluku Region in Indonesia, 2021","authors":"H. D. Kusumawardani, A. Laksono, Taufik Hidayat, Sri Supadmi, Leny Latifah, Sri Sulasmi, H. Ashar, Muhammad Arif Musoddaq","doi":"10.34172/jrhs.2023.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jrhs.2023.132","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Maluku region encompasses thousands of islands. The study analyzed factors related to stunting among children under two years old in the Maluku Region of Indonesia. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 4764 children under two years. In addition to nutritional status (stature), the study analyzed ten independent variables (province, residence, maternal age, marital status, maternal education, employment, wealth, children’s age, gender, and early initiation of breastfeeding [EIBF]). Finally, the contribution of various factors to stunting was examined using logistic regression. Results: Children in Maluku province were 1.13 times more likely than those in North Maluku province to become stunted. In addition, children aged 12-13 months were 4.09 times more likely than<12 months, and boys were 1.87 times more likely than girls to have the patterns of stunting. Children in rural areas were 1.10 times more likely to become stunted than those in urban areas (95% confidence interval: 1.06, 1.14). Divorced/widowed mothers were 1.88 times more likely than married mothers. Mothers of all education levels were more likely than those without formal education, and unemployed mothers were 1.07 times more likely than employed mothers to have stunted children. The possibility of becoming stunted was lower when the children were wealthier. Conclusion: Nine variables were related to stunted incidence, including province, residence, maternal age, marital status, maternal education, employment, wealth, children’s age, and gender.","PeriodicalId":17164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research in health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139142426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Health literacy (HL) plays a crucial role in the adolescent’s behavior. Inadequate HL can contribute to engaging in risky alcohol consumption, but little is known about this relationship among medical students. We aimed to investigate the relationship between HL and alcohol use among Chinese medical students. Study Design: A cross-sectional design. Methods: This research was conducted on 1146 medical students in Hubei province, China. The data were collected using a web-based online questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression was applied to investigate factors related to alcohol use. Results: Approximately 45.3% of medical students were drinkers, about 11.5% were hazardous drinkers, and 33.8% were low-risk drinkers; furthermore, about 49.3% of them reported lower levels of HL. In both the low-risk and hazardous drinking groups, the subjects who had low levels of all six dimensions of HL were more likely to use alcohol after adjusting for other covariates, including cognitive skill (adjORfor low-risk=3.50; 95% CI: 2.41, 5.07, adjORhazardous=2.07; 95% CI: 1.22, 3.51), access skill (adjORfor low-risk=2.11; 95% CI: 1.46, 3.05, adjORhazardous=2.40; 95% CI: 1.37, 4.19), communication skill (adjORfor low-risk=1.72; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.47, adjORhazardous=2.21; 95% CI: 1.22, 4.00), self-management skill (adjORfor low-risk=1.73; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.59, adjORhazardous=4.01; 95% CI: 1.91, 8.44), media skill (adjORfor low-risk=1.50; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.23, adjORhazardous=4.68; 95% CI: 2.15, 10.17), and decision skill (adjORfor low-risk=2.12; 95% CI: 1.49, 3.00, adjORhazardous=2.25; 95% CI: 1.35, 3.74). Conclusion: Inadequate HL plays an important role in increasing alcohol use. Thus, prevention and intervention strategies should be based on improving medical students’ HL.
{"title":"The Relation of Social-ecological Factors and Health Literacy to Medical Students’ Alcohol Use Behavior in Hubei Province, China","authors":"Meihua Yin, Suneerat Yangyuen, Thidarat Somdee","doi":"10.34172/jrhs.2023.134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/jrhs.2023.134","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Health literacy (HL) plays a crucial role in the adolescent’s behavior. Inadequate HL can contribute to engaging in risky alcohol consumption, but little is known about this relationship among medical students. We aimed to investigate the relationship between HL and alcohol use among Chinese medical students. Study Design: A cross-sectional design. Methods: This research was conducted on 1146 medical students in Hubei province, China. The data were collected using a web-based online questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression was applied to investigate factors related to alcohol use. Results: Approximately 45.3% of medical students were drinkers, about 11.5% were hazardous drinkers, and 33.8% were low-risk drinkers; furthermore, about 49.3% of them reported lower levels of HL. In both the low-risk and hazardous drinking groups, the subjects who had low levels of all six dimensions of HL were more likely to use alcohol after adjusting for other covariates, including cognitive skill (adjORfor low-risk=3.50; 95% CI: 2.41, 5.07, adjORhazardous=2.07; 95% CI: 1.22, 3.51), access skill (adjORfor low-risk=2.11; 95% CI: 1.46, 3.05, adjORhazardous=2.40; 95% CI: 1.37, 4.19), communication skill (adjORfor low-risk=1.72; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.47, adjORhazardous=2.21; 95% CI: 1.22, 4.00), self-management skill (adjORfor low-risk=1.73; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.59, adjORhazardous=4.01; 95% CI: 1.91, 8.44), media skill (adjORfor low-risk=1.50; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.23, adjORhazardous=4.68; 95% CI: 2.15, 10.17), and decision skill (adjORfor low-risk=2.12; 95% CI: 1.49, 3.00, adjORhazardous=2.25; 95% CI: 1.35, 3.74). Conclusion: Inadequate HL plays an important role in increasing alcohol use. Thus, prevention and intervention strategies should be based on improving medical students’ HL.","PeriodicalId":17164,"journal":{"name":"Journal of research in health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139143960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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