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Filgrastim Use in the Treatment of Azathioprine-Induced Myelosuppression Toxicity After Prescription Error in the Feline. Filgrastim 用于治疗猫科动物处方错误后硫唑嘌呤诱发的骨髓抑制毒性。
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7409
Leigh Klar

Only one report on the successful use of filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) in cats for severe neutropenia following azathioprine toxicity exists. Here, we report on a case in which a cat was prescribed methimazole but the medication was filled incorrectly with azathioprine tablets and the prescription label indicated a methimazole dosing regimen that was administered for three days before recognition of the error. On presentation, the cat's physical examinations were consistent with previous examinations before ingestion of azathioprine. A complete blood cell count revealed neutropenia and leukopenia. The cat later developed hyporexia, dehydration, and vomiting. Treatment included antinausea and appetite stimulant medications, filgrastim, and antibiotics. Filgrastim given as subcutaneous injections over the course of treatment increased neutrophil cell counts after suppression. The cat made a full recovery after responding to the treatment protocol. Based on the perceived response to filgrastim in this single feline case report, its use can be considered for the treatment of azathioprine-induced neutropenia in cats.

目前只有一份报告称,在猫咪因硫唑嘌呤中毒而出现严重中性粒细胞减少症时,成功使用了丝裂霉素(粒细胞集落刺激因子)。在此,我们报告了一个病例,该病例中,医生给猫咪开了甲巯咪唑处方,但错误地使用了硫唑嘌呤片剂,而处方标签上标明的甲巯咪唑给药方案在发现错误前已使用了三天。就诊时,猫咪的身体检查结果与之前服用硫唑嘌呤前的检查结果一致。全血细胞计数显示中性粒细胞减少和白细胞减少。该猫后来出现了厌食、脱水和呕吐症状。治疗包括抗恶心和促进食欲药物、菲格拉司汀和抗生素。在治疗过程中,通过皮下注射 Filgrastim,中性粒细胞数量在抑制后有所增加。该猫在对治疗方案做出反应后完全康复。根据这一例猫科动物对菲格拉司汀的反应,可以考虑将其用于治疗硫唑嘌呤引起的猫中性粒细胞减少症。
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引用次数: 0
Findings of an Extraluminal Leiomyosarcoma of the Urinary Bladder in a Dog. 狗膀胱腔外雷肌肉瘤的发现
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7386
Wan-Ching Cheng, Hock Gan Heng, Hsin-Yeh Cheng, Kuan-Yin Lin, Kuan-Sheng Chen

A 9 yr old male miniature poodle presented with acute diarrhea, vomiting, and a distended abdomen. A large and firm mass was palpated in the caudal abdomen. Radiography showed a large soft-tissue mass in the mid ventral abdomen. The mass was mildly contrast-enhancing and in contact with the right cranial aspect of the bladder on computed tomography. The mass was heterogeneous with minimal blood flow on Doppler examination. Surgery confirmed its origin of the urinary bladder, and it was diagnosed leiomyosarcoma on pathology. This is the first report of extraluminal leiomyosarcoma of the bladder wall with imaging characteristics using various modalities.

一只 9 岁的雄性迷你贵宾犬因急性腹泻、呕吐和腹胀就诊。在它的尾腹部摸到一个大而坚实的肿块。放射线检查显示,腹部中段有一个巨大的软组织肿块。在计算机断层扫描中,肿块呈轻度对比增强,与膀胱右侧头颅相接。多普勒检查显示,肿块呈异质性,血流极少。手术证实其来源于膀胱,病理诊断为膀胱癌。这是首次报道膀胱壁腔外雷肌肉瘤,并通过各种方式显示了其影像学特征。
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引用次数: 0
Pit Viper Envenomation in Two Pregnant Bitches. 两只怀孕母犬被蝮蛇咬伤
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7377
Katherine Hedges, Michael Schaer, Ashley Allen-Durrance

Snake envenomation is relatively common in small animals, particularly in endemic areas. Effects and outcomes of envenomation during pregnancy are poorly described in humans and more so in veterinary patients. Two young pregnant female dogs presented to a university teaching hospital with a history of acute soft tissue swelling and bleeding. History, physical examination findings, and diagnostics were consistent with envenomation by crotalid snakes. Medical management of one of the dogs included administration of antivenin. Both dogs survived envenomation with minimal complications and went on to whelp without complications, and all fetuses survived. This is the first description of the management of pit viper envenomation in pregnant dogs.

蛇类毒液中毒在小动物中比较常见,尤其是在蛇类流行的地区。人类对妊娠期被蛇咬伤的影响和后果知之甚少,兽医患者的情况更是如此。两只年轻的妊娠母犬因急性软组织肿胀和出血病史来到一所大学教学医院就诊。病史、体格检查结果和诊断结果均与黄斑蛇咬伤一致。其中一只狗的治疗包括注射抗蛇毒血清。两只狗都在被毒蛇咬伤后存活下来,并发症极少,产后也没有出现并发症,所有胎儿都存活下来。这是首次对怀孕犬被蝮蛇咬伤后的处理方法进行描述。
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引用次数: 0
Lactate to Albumin Ratio Is Not Predictive of Outcome in Septic Dogs: A Retrospective Case-Control Study. 乳酸与白蛋白比率不能预测败血症犬的预后:一项回顾性病例对照研究。
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7388
Jules Hunka, Penny S Reynolds, Jacob Wolf

The objective of this study was to investigate the value of the lactate to albumin ratio (L:A) as a prognostic marker for mortality in septic dogs. A single-center retrospective case-control study based on clinical record review was conducted at an academic teaching hospital. All records were extracted for diagnoses of bacterial sepsis, septic peritonitis, septic shock, or septicemia between February 2012 and October 2021. The study included 143 dogs. The most commonly identified sepsis diagnoses in dogs were septic peritonitis (55%; 78/143), unclassified sepsis (20%), and sepsis secondary to wounds or dermatological conditions (10%; 15/143). Median lactate and albumin for all dogs at presentation were 2.80 mmol/L and 2.6 g/dL, respectively; the median L:A ratio was 1.22. No clinically or statistically significant differences in lactate (P = 0.631), albumin (P = 0.695), or L:A (P = 0.908) were found between survivors and nonsurvivors.

本研究旨在探讨乳酸与白蛋白比值(L:A)作为脓毒症犬死亡率预后指标的价值。在一家学术教学医院进行了一项基于临床病历审查的单中心回顾性病例对照研究。研究人员提取了 2012 年 2 月至 2021 年 10 月期间诊断为细菌性败血症、化脓性腹膜炎、脓毒性休克或脓毒血症的所有记录。研究共纳入 143 只犬。最常见的败血症诊断是败血症性腹膜炎(55%;78/143)、未分类败血症(20%)和继发于伤口或皮肤病的败血症(10%;15/143)。所有病犬发病时的乳酸和白蛋白中位数分别为 2.80 mmol/L 和 2.6 g/dL;L:A 比率中位数为 1.22。存活者和非存活者之间在乳酸(P = 0.631)、白蛋白(P = 0.695)或 L:A (P = 0.908)方面没有临床或统计学意义上的显著差异。
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引用次数: 0
Leflunomide for the Treatment of Immune-Mediated Uveitis in a Dog. 来氟米特治疗狗的免疫性葡萄膜炎
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7383
Se Eun Kim

A 5 yr old castrated male bichon frise presented with chronic bilateral uveitis that had previously been controlled with systemic steroid administration for 6 mo, resulting in weight gain, polyuria, and polydipsia. To control the uveitis without systemic side effects, oral cyclosporine was started after discontinuing oral steroid, but discontinued one month later because of severe vomiting. Leflunomide (2 mg/kg q 12 hr) was initiated, and the uveitis symptoms resolved after 2 mo. The dose was tapered according to the remission of clinical signs, with no relapse during the following 13 mo. Leflunomide therapy was then discontinued due to vomiting caused by severe gastroenteritis and pancreatitis, and topical prednisolone monotherapy was continued . At 8 mo after discontinuation of leflunomide, bilateral uveitis recurred, and leflunomide therapy was resumed. However, the patient lost vision due to the progression of clinical signs at 33 mo after commencing leflunomide, and evisceration of the glaucomatous right eye was performed at 43 mo. Histopathologic examination revealed lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration and melanin-laden macrophages in the uveal tissue, and the patient was diagnosed with immune-mediated uveitis. This case indicated that oral leflunomide may be a viable treatment option for canine idiopathic immune-mediated uveitis.

一只 5 岁的阉割雄性比熊犬患有慢性双侧葡萄膜炎,之前曾用全身性类固醇药物控制了 6 个月,结果导致体重增加、多尿和多饮。为了在不产生全身副作用的情况下控制葡萄膜炎,在停用口服类固醇后开始口服环孢素,但一个月后因严重呕吐而停药。患者开始服用来氟米特(2 毫克/千克,12 小时一次),两个月后葡萄膜炎症状缓解。根据临床症状的缓解情况逐渐减少剂量,在随后的13个月中没有复发。随后,由于严重的胃肠炎和胰腺炎导致呕吐,来氟米特治疗被终止,泼尼松龙单药治疗继续进行。停用来氟米特 8 个月后,双侧葡萄膜炎复发,又恢复了来氟米特治疗。组织病理学检查显示,葡萄膜组织中存在淋巴细胞和浆细胞浸润以及黑色素沉着的巨噬细胞,患者被诊断为免疫介导的葡萄膜炎。该病例表明,口服来氟米特可能是治疗犬特发性免疫介导葡萄膜炎的一种可行方法。
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引用次数: 0
Successful Surgical Resection of an Ependymal Cyst in the Fourth Ventricle of a Dog. 成功为一只狗的第四脑室切除了一个内膜囊肿。
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7373
Isabel Liñan Grana, Alba Farré Mariné, Martí Pumarola I Batlle, Alejandro Luján Feliu-Pascual

Ependymal cysts represent congenital brain malformations rarely described in human medicine, where surgical resection is the treatment of choice. In veterinary medicine, only three cases have been previously reported, with one partially resected with surgery. A 6 yr old entire male American Staffordshire terrier was referred with a 4 mo history of incoordination and collapsing episodes with extensor rigidity. Neurological examination localized the lesion to the left central vestibular system and cerebellum. A brain computed tomography scan showed a hypoattenuating lesion with peripheral contrast enhancement in the fourth ventricle consistent with a cyst and secondary hydrocephalus. Treatment with prednisone was initiated, but despite an initial improvement, neurologic signs recurred and a suboccipital craniectomy to remove the cyst was performed. The cyst was first drained, and the capsule was carefully resected. The histopathological evaluation revealed a simple cubic to cylindrical epithelium with apical cilia and loose surrounding fibrillar tissue consistent with an intraventricular ependymal cyst. Four and a half years after surgery, the dog only shows short episodes of balance loss when turning abruptly but is otherwise neurologically normal. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported ependymal cyst in the fourth ventricle of a dog with successful surgical resection.

脑外膜囊肿是一种先天性脑畸形,在人类医学中很少见,手术切除是首选治疗方法。在兽医领域,以前仅报道过三例,其中一例经手术部分切除。一只 6 岁的全雄性美国斯塔福德郡梗犬于 4 个月前因运动不协调、倒地并伴有伸肌僵硬而被转诊。神经系统检查发现,病变部位位于左侧中枢前庭系统和小脑。脑部计算机断层扫描显示,第四脑室有低增强病变,周围对比度增强,与囊肿和继发性脑积水一致。患者开始接受泼尼松治疗,尽管最初病情有所好转,但神经系统症状再次出现,于是进行了枕骨下颅骨切除术以切除囊肿。首先对囊肿进行引流,然后小心翼翼地切除囊肿。组织病理学评估显示,该囊肿为简单的立方体至圆柱形上皮,顶端有纤毛,周围有疏松的纤维组织,与脑室内上皮样囊肿一致。术后四年半,这只狗只有在突然转向时才会出现短暂的平衡失调,其他方面神经系统正常。据作者所知,这是第一例成功手术切除第四脑室内附睾囊肿的报道。
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引用次数: 0
Vertebral Angiomatosis in a Dog. 一只狗的椎体血管瘤病
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7384
Teresa Gagliardo, Teresa Bruna Pagano, Silvana Lo Piparo, Veronica Bifara, Filena Bono, Salvatore Ruffino, Filippo Cinti

A 3 yr old spayed female Cavalier King Charles spaniel was referred for insidious ataxia and paraparesis. A thoracolumbar lesion was suspected. Computed tomography showed focal osteolysis of the vertebral body and pedicles of T5. In addition, a hyperdense, extradural material within the vertebral canal, causing spinal cord compression on the right side, was present. The lesion was confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging. A T4-T5 hemi-dorsal laminectomy was performed to decompress the spinal cord. Histopathological examination was consistent with vertebral angiomatosis. After the surgery, the dog rapidly improved; however, 5 mo later the clinical signs relapsed. Vertebral angiomatosis is a vasoproliferative disorder, rarely reported as a cause of myelopathy in cats. This condition has not previously been reported in dogs. This case report describes the clinical features, the diagnostic findings, and the follow-up of a young dog with vertebral angiomatosis.

一只三岁大的已绝育的雌性查理士王小猎犬因隐匿性共济失调和偏瘫而被转诊。怀疑是胸腰椎病变。计算机断层扫描显示,T5 的椎体和椎弓根有局灶性骨溶解。此外,椎管内还存在硬膜外高密度物质,导致右侧脊髓受压。病变经磁共振成像确认。患者接受了T4-T5半背侧椎板切除术,为脊髓减压。组织病理学检查结果与椎体血管瘤病一致。手术后,该犬病情迅速好转,但 5 个月后临床症状复发。椎体血管瘤病是一种血管增生性疾病,很少有报道称它会导致猫的脊髓病变。这种疾病以前从未在狗身上出现过。本病例报告描述了一只患有椎体血管瘤病的幼犬的临床特征、诊断结果和随访情况。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of Aerobic Bacterial Culture Among Four Veterinary Microbiology Laboratories from Dogs with Superficial Pyoderma. 比较四个兽医微生物实验室对患有浅表性脓皮病的狗进行需氧细菌培养的结果。
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7404
Jason B Pieper, Kimberly Smart, Darren J Berger

Bacterial culture and susceptibility are widely used in veterinary medicine to determine the specific bacteria causing infection as well as aid in appropriate antimicrobial selection. Previous studies have shown variable results with culture and susceptibility depending on the laboratory and methodology used. Samples from dogs with superficial pyoderma were obtained to make a homogeneous solution of bacteria. Sample acquisition from this solution was randomized and submitted to four veterinary laboratories for microbial identification and sensitivity. There was fair agreement among the laboratories in identification of a Staphylococcus spp. as well as fair agreement among the laboratories on the same Staphylococcus sp. Very good agreement was noted on identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. Additionally, good to very good agreement was noted on all antimicrobials that were tested across all four laboratories. A difference in turnaround time for sample processing was observed between the laboratories in the present study. Overall, there was mild variability among the laboratory results in this study.

细菌培养和药敏性广泛应用于兽医领域,以确定引起感染的特定细菌,并帮助选择适当的抗菌药物。以往的研究表明,培养和药敏结果因使用的实验室和方法不同而各异。从患有浅表脓皮病的狗身上采集样本,制成均匀的细菌溶液。从该溶液中获取的样本随机提交给四家兽医实验室进行微生物鉴定和药敏试验。在鉴定耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌属方面,各实验室之间的意见相当一致,在鉴定同一葡萄球菌属方面,各实验室之间的意见也相当一致。在本研究中,各实验室处理样本的周转时间存在差异。总体而言,本研究中各实验室的结果差异较小。
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引用次数: 0
Diabetes Mellitus Following Resection of a Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Dog Presented with Hypoglycemia. 一只出现低血糖的狗在肝细胞癌切除术后患上糖尿病。
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7397
Yolanda Lopez Barroso, Erika Villadieu

A 5 yr old male neutered Labradoodle presented for an episode of acute collapse. Point-of-care blood work showed hypoglycemia and abdominal ultrasonography revealed a liver mass arising from the caudate liver lobe. The dog underwent a partial liver lobectomy, and histopathology confirmed a fully resected hepatocellular carcinoma. Blood glucose levels normalized initially after surgery, but 1 wk later, the patient was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus based on the development of polyuria, polydipsia, hyperglycemia, and glucosuria. Appropriate treatment with insulin was initiated, and 1 yr following the diagnosis, the dog was still requiring administration of insulin twice daily. This case describes the uncommon development of diabetes mellitus in a dog following surgical resection of a hepatocellular carcinoma initially associated with hypoglycemia. Although very unusual, this should be considered as a potential complication of surgical treatment of such tumors, and affected patients may require long-term medical management.

一只 5 岁的雄性阉割拉布拉多犬因急性昏厥就诊。就诊时的血检结果显示该犬有低血糖症,腹部超声波检查发现尾状肝叶有肝脏肿块。该犬接受了肝叶部分切除术,组织病理学检查证实它患上了完全切除的肝细胞癌。术后血糖水平初步恢复正常,但 1 周后,由于出现多尿、多饮、高血糖和糖尿,患者被诊断为糖尿病。患者开始接受胰岛素治疗,确诊一年后,该犬仍需要每天两次注射胰岛素。本病例描述了一只狗在接受肝细胞癌手术切除后发展成糖尿病的罕见病例,最初还伴有低血糖。尽管这种情况非常罕见,但应将其视为此类肿瘤手术治疗的潜在并发症,受影响的患者可能需要长期药物治疗。
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引用次数: 0
Intra-articular Fibrolipoma of the Stifle in a Dog. 一只狗的跗关节内纤维脂肪瘤
IF 1.3 4区 农林科学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7390
Diane Scavelli, Clara S S Goh

A 12 yr old male castrated miniature Australian shepherd dog presented for surgical consultation of historical bilateral medial patellar luxations with a 3 mo history of an acute onset of a left pelvic limb lameness. Physical examination confirmed medial patellar luxations and a mass effect of the left stifle medially. Radiographs showed medial distension of the joint capsule by a soft tissue opacity. Fine-needle aspirate of the left stifle revealed a mesenchymal cell population. Left medial parapatellar stifle arthrotomy found a fatty mass, which was excised at its base. A benign fibrolipoma was diagnosed on histopathology, and the excision was expected to be curative. The owners reported immediate improvement of perceived comfort postoperatively. At 2 and 24 wk, the dog returned to a normal level of function. Lipomas of the stifle, although rare, should be considered as a differential for intra-articular masses causing lameness.

一只 12 岁的雄性阉割迷你澳大利亚牧羊犬因双侧髌骨内侧松弛接受手术治疗,3 个月前它突然出现左侧骨盆肢体跛行。体格检查证实髌骨内侧松弛,左侧跗骨内侧有肿块。X光片显示关节囊内侧膨胀,软组织不透明。左跗骨细针穿刺显示有间充质细胞群。左跗骨旁内侧关节切开术发现了一个脂肪团块,并在其底部进行了切除。组织病理学诊断为良性纤维脂肪瘤,预计切除术可治愈。术后,驯马师称马的舒适度立即得到改善。2 周和 24 周后,狗狗的功能恢复到了正常水平。跗关节脂肪瘤虽然罕见,但应作为导致跛行的关节内肿块的鉴别诊断。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association
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