Pub Date : 2021-09-01Epub Date: 2020-09-09DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1813059
Laura Tomaino, Lluís Serra-Majem, Stefania Martini, Maria Rosaria Ingenito, Paola Rossi, Carlo La Vecchia, Fabrizia Bamonti, Luisella Vigna
Due to the lack of specific and standardized treatments for the management of fibromyalgia (FM), available evidence suggests a multidisciplinary approach, and nutrition represents an important therapeutic strategy. This work aims to update the relationship between FM and nutrition, through a review of more recent scientific evidence based on a systematic research on PubMed. Of 66 records initially identified, 26 studies were selected and included in the present work. Although there is not sufficient evidence for the efficacy of specific nutritional protocols, the examined papers indicate a potential role of selected nutrients, micronutrients and food components in managing FM symptoms. However, several concerns persist as nutritional status and/or nutritional integration can improve FM symptoms, without expecting to lead to a remission of the disease. The use of targeted nutritional supplements may be of some relevance for the management of FM, but the up to date evidence remains weak. It is advisable, thus, to perform further studies of higher quality.KEY TEACHING POINTSFibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic and diffuse musculoskeletal pain, often associated with a large set of symptoms.The therapeutic approach of FM include pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Among them, an important role is played by nutrition.Of 66 record screened, 12 studies were included in the present review and five of them were randomized controlled trials. Nevertheless, the overall quality of those trials was scarce.Literature concerning FM and nutritions is growing. However, little evidence suggests that nutrition and/or nutritional intervention play a significant role on FM severity.The results of this review underline the need to carry out clinical studies of higher quality and rigor, possibly RCTs, focused on the role of nutrition in the symptoms and/or severity of FM.
{"title":"Fibromyalgia and Nutrition: An Updated Review.","authors":"Laura Tomaino, Lluís Serra-Majem, Stefania Martini, Maria Rosaria Ingenito, Paola Rossi, Carlo La Vecchia, Fabrizia Bamonti, Luisella Vigna","doi":"10.1080/07315724.2020.1813059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2020.1813059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the lack of specific and standardized treatments for the management of fibromyalgia (FM), available evidence suggests a multidisciplinary approach, and nutrition represents an important therapeutic strategy. This work aims to update the relationship between FM and nutrition, through a review of more recent scientific evidence based on a systematic research on PubMed. Of 66 records initially identified, 26 studies were selected and included in the present work. Although there is not sufficient evidence for the efficacy of specific nutritional protocols, the examined papers indicate a potential role of selected nutrients, micronutrients and food components in managing FM symptoms. However, several concerns persist as nutritional status and/or nutritional integration can improve FM symptoms, without expecting to lead to a remission of the disease. The use of targeted nutritional supplements may be of some relevance for the management of FM, but the up to date evidence remains weak. It is advisable, thus, to perform further studies of higher quality.KEY TEACHING POINTSFibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic and diffuse musculoskeletal pain, often associated with a large set of symptoms.The therapeutic approach of FM include pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Among them, an important role is played by nutrition.Of 66 record screened, 12 studies were included in the present review and five of them were randomized controlled trials. Nevertheless, the overall quality of those trials was scarce.Literature concerning FM and nutritions is growing. However, little evidence suggests that nutrition and/or nutritional intervention play a significant role on FM severity.The results of this review underline the need to carry out clinical studies of higher quality and rigor, possibly RCTs, focused on the role of nutrition in the symptoms and/or severity of FM.</p>","PeriodicalId":17193,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07315724.2020.1813059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38455148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01Epub Date: 2020-09-02DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1812452
John O Ige, Michael A Gbadegesin, Jeremiah O Olugbami, Ayodeji M Adegoke, Oyeronke A Odunola, Gloria O Anetor, John I Anetor
Objective: This study examined the levels of selected micronutrients and associated biochemical changes in rats exposed to Baygon® insecticide. Arsenic is a toxic metalloid commonly used in insecticides manufacture but unheralded.
Methods: Fifteen rats, divided into three equal groups: Group I (control); group II (administered 2.5 mg/kg sodium arsenite (SA) on alternate days for four weeks); group III (exposed to 14.0 mL Baygon® m-3 cage volume daily for four weeks). Serum levels of arsenic (As), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS). Reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total protein (TP) were determined spectrophotometrically.
Results: Arsenic and Se levels were significantly raised in groups II and III compared with control (p < 0.05), unlike Zn levels that were significantly decreased in groups II and III (p < 0.05) in both. No significant change in the activity of GPx; though the activity increased in the group treated with SA, but decreased in the group treated with Baygon® compared to control (P < 0.05). Histology of the liver and lung was unaltered in control, but in contrast, the SA-treated group demonstrated moderate fibrous hyperplasia with prominent highly infiltrated portal area in the liver; while the lung revealed thickened alveolar walls from proliferated pneumocytes. In the Baygon®-treated group, there was mild hyperplasia of the fibrous connective tissue and congested prominent portal areas; while the lung exhibited severe thickened alveolar walls due to proliferated pneumocytes.
Conclusion: Exposure of rats to Baygon® elicited alteration of key trace elements involved in the antioxidant system, culminating in oxidative stress with attendant deleterious effects. One significance of this for humans is that it has great potentials for possible nutritional modulation of insecticide toxicity with micronutrients, especially with zinc, holding great promise in tropical developing countries.
目的:本研究检测了暴露于Baygon®杀虫剂的大鼠的选定微量营养素水平和相关的生化变化。砷是一种有毒的类金属,通常用于杀虫剂制造,但鲜为人知。方法:15只大鼠分为3组:第一组(对照组);II组(每隔一天给药2.5 mg/kg亚砷酸钠,连续4周);III组(每天暴露于14.0 mL Baygon®m-3笼容积,持续四周)。采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法(FAAS)测定血清中砷(As)、硒(Se)和锌(Zn)的含量。分光光度法测定还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)和总蛋白(TP)。结果:ⅱ组和ⅲ组砷、硒水平较对照组(p®)显著升高,纤维结缔组织轻度增生,门静脉突出区充血;肺细胞增生导致肺泡壁严重增厚。结论:大鼠暴露于Baygon®可引起参与抗氧化系统的关键微量元素的改变,最终导致氧化应激和随之而来的有害影响。这对人类的一个重要意义是,它具有巨大的潜力,可以通过微量营养素,特别是锌,对杀虫剂毒性进行营养调节,这在热带发展中国家具有很大的前景。
{"title":"A Common Insecticide Induced-Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats: Significance for Humans and Implications for Nutritional Modulation of Insecticide Toxicity.","authors":"John O Ige, Michael A Gbadegesin, Jeremiah O Olugbami, Ayodeji M Adegoke, Oyeronke A Odunola, Gloria O Anetor, John I Anetor","doi":"10.1080/07315724.2020.1812452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2020.1812452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined the levels of selected micronutrients and associated biochemical changes in rats exposed to Baygon® insecticide. Arsenic is a toxic metalloid commonly used in insecticides manufacture but unheralded.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen rats, divided into three equal groups: Group I (control); group II (administered 2.5 mg/kg sodium arsenite (SA) on alternate days for four weeks); group III (exposed to 14.0 mL Baygon<sup>®</sup> m<sup>-3</sup> cage volume daily for four weeks). Serum levels of arsenic (As), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS). Reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total protein (TP) were determined spectrophotometrically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Arsenic and Se levels were significantly raised in groups II and III compared with control (<i>p</i> < 0.05), unlike Zn levels that were significantly decreased in groups II and III (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in both. No significant change in the activity of GPx; though the activity increased in the group treated with SA, but decreased in the group treated with Baygon<sup>®</sup> compared to control (P < 0.05). Histology of the liver and lung was unaltered in control, but in contrast, the SA-treated group demonstrated moderate fibrous hyperplasia with prominent highly infiltrated portal area in the liver; while the lung revealed thickened alveolar walls from proliferated pneumocytes. In the Baygon<sup>®</sup>-treated group, there was mild hyperplasia of the fibrous connective tissue and congested prominent portal areas; while the lung exhibited severe thickened alveolar walls due to proliferated pneumocytes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exposure of rats to Baygon<sup>®</sup> elicited alteration of key trace elements involved in the antioxidant system, culminating in oxidative stress with attendant deleterious effects. One significance of this for humans is that it has great potentials for possible nutritional modulation of insecticide toxicity with micronutrients, especially with zinc, holding great promise in tropical developing countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":17193,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07315724.2020.1812452","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38338327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01Epub Date: 2020-12-10DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1810171
Maria Lilibeth Manzanilla Valdez, Maira Rubi Segura Campos
The lack of prevention of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has caused an increase in the mortality rate including conditions such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and liver disease (LD). The high complexity of CKD and LD results in alterations in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. One of the changes observed in CKD and LD is the decrease in albumin, elevation of PO4-3, K+, creatinine, urea, and transaminase enzymes. The pharmacological treatment is expensive. Nowadays, phytotherapy is an option to treat NCDs. Aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic, and ethyl acetate extracts of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius have shown nephroprotective and hepatoprotective potential and can be an alternative to prevent and treat CKD and LD. C. aconitifolius, known as Chaya by Mayas in Yucatán, is a shrub that is consumed in Mexico and in the world, has a low cost, it is very accessible, and can growth in extreme weather. The aim of this review is to show the potential biological effects of C. aconitifolius extracts, and the association of the phytochemicals in the extract. It is known that different solvents result in the uptake of different phytochemicals. These have shown various effects such as hypoglycemic, hypotensive, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant, being a natural alternative to the treatment of NCDs.Key teaching pointsPhytotherapy is a proposal to treat NCDs.Cnidoscolus aconitifolius extracts have a hypotensive effect.Cnidoscolus aconitifolius extracts reduce blood sugar in diabetic rats.Chaya extracts are no toxic for renal and hepatic cells.
{"title":"Renal and Hepatic Disease: <i>Cnidoscolus aconitifolius</i> as Diet Therapy Proposal for Prevention and Treatment.","authors":"Maria Lilibeth Manzanilla Valdez, Maira Rubi Segura Campos","doi":"10.1080/07315724.2020.1810171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2020.1810171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lack of prevention of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has caused an increase in the mortality rate including conditions such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and liver disease (LD). The high complexity of CKD and LD results in alterations in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. One of the changes observed in CKD and LD is the decrease in albumin, elevation of PO<sub>4</sub><sup>-3</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, creatinine, urea, and transaminase enzymes. The pharmacological treatment is expensive. Nowadays, phytotherapy is an option to treat NCDs. Aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic, and ethyl acetate extracts of <i>Cnidoscolus aconitifolius</i> have shown nephroprotective and hepatoprotective potential and can be an alternative to prevent and treat CKD and LD. <i>C. aconitifolius</i>, known as Chaya by Mayas in Yucatán, is a shrub that is consumed in Mexico and in the world, has a low cost, it is very accessible, and can growth in extreme weather. The aim of this review is to show the potential biological effects of <i>C. aconitifolius</i> extracts, and the association of the phytochemicals in the extract. It is known that different solvents result in the uptake of different phytochemicals. These have shown various effects such as hypoglycemic, hypotensive, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant, being a natural alternative to the treatment of NCDs.Key teaching pointsPhytotherapy is a proposal to treat NCDs.<i>Cnidoscolus aconitifolius</i> extracts have a hypotensive effect.<i>Cnidoscolus aconitifolius</i> extracts reduce blood sugar in diabetic rats.Chaya extracts are no toxic for renal and hepatic cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":17193,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07315724.2020.1810171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38696045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01Epub Date: 2020-09-11DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1810170
Naisi Zhao, Mei Chung, Amy Lischko, Susan Koch-Weser
Objective: Knowledge Translation (KT) is the exchange, synthesis, and ethically-sound application of knowledge. A case study methodology is used to examine KT at the organizational level of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program.
Method: The study used purposeful sampling to select WIC informants from state WIC agencies to participate in semi-structured interviews about their individual experiences during the 2009 WIC regulation change process. Thematic coding of retrospective semi-structured interviews with key informants from WIC state agencies revealed key components of the state-level WIC regulation implementation process, and key constructs of Organizational Readiness for Knowledge Translation in the WIC program.
Results: WIC informants highlight that decisions made by WIC state agencies regarding how to appraise, synthesize, and adapt evidence or regulation change are constrained by the KT decisions made by federal agencies. WIC state agencies should assess their level of readiness for KT in terms of 1) innovation readiness; 2) personal readiness; and 3) institutional readiness.
Conclusions: This WIC case study can help decision-makers to understand the KT process of implementing evidence-informed regulation changes, identify factors that could influence states' ability to be prepared for implementing changes, and gauge "practicality" of future WIC regulation changes.
{"title":"Knowledge Translation and WIC Food Package Regulation Change.","authors":"Naisi Zhao, Mei Chung, Amy Lischko, Susan Koch-Weser","doi":"10.1080/07315724.2020.1810170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2020.1810170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Knowledge Translation (KT) is the exchange, synthesis, and ethically-sound application of knowledge. A case study methodology is used to examine KT at the organizational level of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study used purposeful sampling to select WIC informants from state WIC agencies to participate in semi-structured interviews about their individual experiences during the 2009 WIC regulation change process. Thematic coding of retrospective semi-structured interviews with key informants from WIC state agencies revealed key components of the state-level WIC regulation implementation process, and key constructs of Organizational Readiness for Knowledge Translation in the WIC program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>WIC informants highlight that decisions made by WIC state agencies regarding how to appraise, synthesize, and adapt evidence or regulation change are constrained by the KT decisions made by federal agencies. WIC state agencies should assess their level of readiness for KT in terms of 1) innovation readiness; 2) personal readiness; and 3) institutional readiness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This WIC case study can help decision-makers to understand the KT process of implementing evidence-informed regulation changes, identify factors that could influence states' ability to be prepared for implementing changes, and gauge \"practicality\" of future WIC regulation changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17193,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07315724.2020.1810170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38467348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01Epub Date: 2020-09-24DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1814899
Luisa Pereira Marot, Dayane Eusenia Rosa, Tássia do Vale Cardoso Lopes, Claudia Roberta de Castro Moreno, Cibele Aparecida Crispim
Objective: The impact of the rotation between different shifts and free days within a short period of time on the food consumption is poorly addressed in the literature. Our objective was to characterize the eating duration (ED) over 10 d of clockwise rotating and to associate it with the intake of energy and macronutrients.
Methods: Thirty male shift-workers from a mining company were evaluated over a complete rotation shift schedule of 10 consecutive days (2 d of morning shifts, 2 d of afternoon shifts, 24 h free-day, 2 d of night shifts, and three free days). ED was defined as the interval between the first meal after awaking and last meal before sleep onset. Sleep/wake periods and food intake were evaluated by actigraphy and 24 h recalls, respectively. Generalized models were used to analyze the variation in ED and its association with nutrient intake over the shift schedule.
Results: ED periods showed significant variations throughout shift rotation and were associated with energy intake. The highest energy intake (3410 ± 235 kcal) and longest ED (20.7 ± 1.2 h) were found on Day 5, the day between afternoon and night shifts, and a part of Day 6 (night shift), i.e., in the longest period of wakefulness and the shortest sleep duration (4.7 ± 0.3 h) (p < 0.05 for all). The lowest energy intake (1284 ± 125 kcal) and shortest ED (4.96 ± 0.7 h) (p < 0.05) occurred after the last night shift (Day 7). The balance between the percentage of macronutrients did not differ statistically between the ED periods.
Conclusions: In general, longer periods of wakefulness showed greater energy intake, demonstrating the tendency of workers to eat around the clock during their shift. Even with the energy intake variation, the balance of macronutrients remained the same over the ED periods. Despite the need of confirmation in future studies, these results suggest that the management of ED period could be considered in the nutritional approach of shift workers.
{"title":"Eating Duration throughout a Rotating Shift Schedule: A Case Study.","authors":"Luisa Pereira Marot, Dayane Eusenia Rosa, Tássia do Vale Cardoso Lopes, Claudia Roberta de Castro Moreno, Cibele Aparecida Crispim","doi":"10.1080/07315724.2020.1814899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2020.1814899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The impact of the rotation between different shifts and free days within a short period of time on the food consumption is poorly addressed in the literature. Our objective was to characterize the eating duration (ED) over 10 d of clockwise rotating and to associate it with the intake of energy and macronutrients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty male shift-workers from a mining company were evaluated over a complete rotation shift schedule of 10 consecutive days (2 d of morning shifts, 2 d of afternoon shifts, 24 h free-day, 2 d of night shifts, and three free days). ED was defined as the interval between the first meal after awaking and last meal before sleep onset. Sleep/wake periods and food intake were evaluated by actigraphy and 24 h recalls, respectively. Generalized models were used to analyze the variation in ED and its association with nutrient intake over the shift schedule.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ED periods showed significant variations throughout shift rotation and were associated with energy intake. The highest energy intake (3410 ± 235 kcal) and longest ED (20.7 ± 1.2 h) were found on Day 5, the day between afternoon and night shifts, and a part of Day 6 (night shift), i.e., in the longest period of wakefulness and the shortest sleep duration (4.7 ± 0.3 h) (<i>p</i> < 0.05 for all). The lowest energy intake (1284 ± 125 kcal) and shortest ED (4.96 ± 0.7 h) (<i>p</i> < 0.05) occurred after the last night shift (Day 7). The balance between the percentage of macronutrients did not differ statistically between the ED periods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In general, longer periods of wakefulness showed greater energy intake, demonstrating the tendency of workers to eat around the clock during their shift. Even with the energy intake variation, the balance of macronutrients remained the same over the ED periods. Despite the need of confirmation in future studies, these results suggest that the management of ED period could be considered in the nutritional approach of shift workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":17193,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07315724.2020.1814899","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38413725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01Epub Date: 2020-09-25DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1813060
Monica Dinu, Giuditta Pagliai, Francesca Scavone, Maria Bellumori, Lorenzo Cecchi, Chiara Nediani, Niccolò Maggini, Francesco Sofi, Lisa Giovannelli, Nadia Mulinacci
Background: The nutraceutical effects of Olea europaea L. products are mainly due to phenolic compounds. During olive milling, most of the total phenols remain in the process by-products.
Aim: We aimed to evaluate the effects of a specific by-product of olive oil called "pâté" (OlP) administered as tablets, on cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors.
Methods: The study was a crossover trial with 2 intervention periods. Nineteen participants (mean age: 38 years) took 4 tablets/day of either olive pâté (corresponding to 30 mg/day of hydroxytyrosol) or placebo for 2 months followed by a 2-month washout and another 2 months of crossed over treatment.
Results: After the intervention with pâté, participants showed a statistically significant reduction in plasma levels of total cholesterol (-10.8 mg/dL), LDL cholesterol (-10.8 mg/dL) and urea (-4.1 mg/dL), and a significant increase in calcium levels (+0.3 mg/dL). Leukocyte response to exogenous oxidative stress was significantly reduced (-12.8%) and levels of the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf-2 increased by 88.9%. Plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory protein MCP-1 were significantly reduced (-9.0 pg/mL).
Conclusion: In conclusion, the intake of OlP showed positive effects on several cardiovascular risk factors, demonstrating the nutraceutical potential of a widely available but, to date, underestimated olive oil by-product.
{"title":"Effects of an Olive By-Product Called Pâté on Cardiovascular Risk Factors.","authors":"Monica Dinu, Giuditta Pagliai, Francesca Scavone, Maria Bellumori, Lorenzo Cecchi, Chiara Nediani, Niccolò Maggini, Francesco Sofi, Lisa Giovannelli, Nadia Mulinacci","doi":"10.1080/07315724.2020.1813060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2020.1813060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The nutraceutical effects of <i>Olea europaea</i> L. products are mainly due to phenolic compounds. During olive milling, most of the total phenols remain in the process by-products.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aimed to evaluate the effects of a specific by-product of olive oil called \"pâté\" (OlP) administered as tablets, on cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was a crossover trial with 2 intervention periods. Nineteen participants (mean age: 38 years) took 4 tablets/day of either olive pâté (corresponding to 30 mg/day of hydroxytyrosol) or placebo for 2 months followed by a 2-month washout and another 2 months of crossed over treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the intervention with pâté, participants showed a statistically significant reduction in plasma levels of total cholesterol (-10.8 mg/dL), LDL cholesterol (-10.8 mg/dL) and urea (-4.1 mg/dL), and a significant increase in calcium levels (+0.3 mg/dL). Leukocyte response to exogenous oxidative stress was significantly reduced (-12.8%) and levels of the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf-2 increased by 88.9%. Plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory protein MCP-1 were significantly reduced (-9.0 pg/mL).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, the intake of OlP showed positive effects on several cardiovascular risk factors, demonstrating the nutraceutical potential of a widely available but, to date, underestimated olive oil by-product.</p>","PeriodicalId":17193,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07315724.2020.1813060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38516031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01Epub Date: 2021-05-25DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1800533
Suey S Y Yeung, Esmee M Reijnierse, Petrus J J F Deen, Marijke C Trappenburg, Carel G M Meskers, Andrea B Maier
Objective: Low muscle mass and muscle function are associated with adverse health outcomes in older adults. This study examined nutrient intake as a potential contributing factor for low muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle power in geriatric outpatients.
Method: This cross-sectional study included geriatric outpatients (n = 58, 38 female) with a mean age of 77.2 ± 9.0 years referred to the Falls and Balance outpatient clinic between December 2017 and January 2019. Nutrient intake (macro- and micronutrients) was examined using a 3-day food diary. Energy-adjusted nutrient intake was calculated using the residual method. Sex-standardized muscle measures included muscle mass assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (skeletal muscle mass [SMM in kilograms], SMM index [SMM/height2 in kg/m2], and SMM/body mass index), handgrip strength (muscle strength) assessed using a dynamometer, and chair-stand test (muscle power). Univariate linear regression analyses were used to examine the associations of nutrient intake with muscle measures adjusted for age and body weight. A Bonferroni correction was applied to account for multiple testing (p < 0.001).
Results: Higher energy, iodine, and folate intake were associated with higher muscle mass, and higher folate intake was associated with higher muscle strength (p < 0.05). After Bonferroni correction, none of the nutrient intakes remained statistically significant. None of the other nutrients was associated with muscle measures.
Conclusions: Only a few nutrients were associated with muscle measures. Nutrient intake appears to be more related to muscle mass than muscle strength and muscle power in geriatric outpatients.
目的:老年人肌肉质量和肌肉功能低与不良健康结局相关。本研究考察了营养摄入作为老年门诊患者肌肉质量、肌肉力量和肌肉力量低的潜在因素。方法:本横断面研究纳入2017年12月至2019年1月在Falls and Balance门诊就诊的老年门诊患者(n = 58, 38名女性),平均年龄77.2±9.0岁。营养摄入(宏量营养素和微量营养素)采用3天饮食日记进行检查。采用残差法计算能量调整营养摄入量。性别标准化肌肉测量包括使用生物电阻抗分析评估的肌肉质量(骨骼肌质量[SMM单位千克]、SMM指数[SMM/身高2单位千克/平方米]和SMM/身体质量指数)、使用测功机评估的握力(肌肉力量)和椅立测试(肌肉力量)。单变量线性回归分析用于检查营养摄入与年龄和体重调整后的肌肉测量之间的关系。应用Bonferroni校正来解释多重测试(p)结果:较高的能量、碘和叶酸摄入量与较高的肌肉质量相关,较高的叶酸摄入量与较高的肌肉力量相关(p)结论:只有少数营养素与肌肉测量相关。在老年门诊患者中,营养摄入似乎与肌肉质量的关系大于与肌肉力量和肌肉力量的关系。
{"title":"Nutrient Intake and Muscle Measures in Geriatric Outpatients.","authors":"Suey S Y Yeung, Esmee M Reijnierse, Petrus J J F Deen, Marijke C Trappenburg, Carel G M Meskers, Andrea B Maier","doi":"10.1080/07315724.2020.1800533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2020.1800533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Low muscle mass and muscle function are associated with adverse health outcomes in older adults. This study examined nutrient intake as a potential contributing factor for low muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle power in geriatric outpatients.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This cross-sectional study included geriatric outpatients (n = 58, 38 female) with a mean age of 77.2 ± 9.0 years referred to the Falls and Balance outpatient clinic between December 2017 and January 2019. Nutrient intake (macro- and micronutrients) was examined using a 3-day food diary. Energy-adjusted nutrient intake was calculated using the residual method. Sex-standardized muscle measures included muscle mass assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (skeletal muscle mass [SMM in kilograms], SMM index [SMM/height<sup>2</sup> in kg/m<sup>2</sup>], and SMM/body mass index), handgrip strength (muscle strength) assessed using a dynamometer, and chair-stand test (muscle power). Univariate linear regression analyses were used to examine the associations of nutrient intake with muscle measures adjusted for age and body weight. A Bonferroni correction was applied to account for multiple testing (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher energy, iodine, and folate intake were associated with higher muscle mass, and higher folate intake was associated with higher muscle strength (<i>p</i> < 0.05). After Bonferroni correction, none of the nutrient intakes remained statistically significant. None of the other nutrients was associated with muscle measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Only a few nutrients were associated with muscle measures. Nutrient intake appears to be more related to muscle mass than muscle strength and muscle power in geriatric outpatients.</p>","PeriodicalId":17193,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07315724.2020.1800533","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39016302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) partly explains geographical differences in COVID-19 susceptibility, severity, and mortality. VDD among African-Americans, diabetics, hypertensive, and aged populations possibly explain the higher death rate, aggravated by cocooning. Vitamin D is pleiotropic, mediating bone metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and immune functions, whereas VDD is associated with inflammatory reactions and immune dysfunction, predisposing individuals to severe infections. Vitamin D modulates innate and adaptive immunity via the expression of genes that code antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). And the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD)14, the co-receptor for epidermal toll-like receptor (TLR)4. AMPs stimulate TLR2 in macrophages, increasing the conversion of vitamin D into its active form by cytochrome P450 27B1. Antiviral properties of vitamin D-induced AMPs can shift the polarization of the adaptive immune response from helper T cells (Th)1 to the more regulatory Th2 responses that suppress immune over-reactivity by preventing cytokine storm, which is already demonstrated during the Spanish flu episode. Vitamin D induces antiviral effects by both direct and indirect mechanisms via AMPs, immunomodulation, the interplay between major cellular and viral elements, induction of autophagy and apoptosis, variation of genetic and epigenetic factors. The crosstalk between vitamin D and intracellular signaling pathways may operate as a primary regulatory action on viral gene transcription. VDD may increase the likelihood of infection with enveloped viruses, including retrovirus, hepatitis, and dengue. Global data correlates severe VDD with COVID-19 associated coagulopathy, disrupted immune response and mortality, reduced platelet count, and prolonged prothrombin time, suggesting benefits from supplementation.Key teaching pointsVitamin D induces antiviral effects by direct and indirect mechanisms via AMPs, immunomodulation, induction of autophagy, etc.Epidemiology of VDD partly explains geographical differences in COVID-19 susceptibility, severity, and mortality.Global data correlates severe VDD with COVID-19 associated coagulopathy, disrupted immune response and mortality, reduced platelet count, and prolonged prothrombin time, together suggesting benefits from supplementation.Many clinical trials are underway globally to delineate the role of vitamin D in both prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
{"title":"Vitamin D in Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19: Current Perspective and Future Prospects.","authors":"Navya Vyas, Shilia Jacob Kurian, Debasis Bagchi, Mohan K Manu, Kavitha Saravu, Mazhuvancherry Kesavan Unnikrishnan, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay, Mahadev Rao, Sonal Sekhar Miraj","doi":"10.1080/07315724.2020.1806758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2020.1806758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) partly explains geographical differences in COVID-19 susceptibility, severity, and mortality. VDD among African-Americans, diabetics, hypertensive, and aged populations possibly explain the higher death rate, aggravated by cocooning. Vitamin D is pleiotropic, mediating bone metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and immune functions, whereas VDD is associated with inflammatory reactions and immune dysfunction, predisposing individuals to severe infections. Vitamin D modulates innate and adaptive immunity via the expression of genes that code antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). And the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD)14, the co-receptor for epidermal toll-like receptor (TLR)4. AMPs stimulate TLR2 in macrophages, increasing the conversion of vitamin D into its active form by cytochrome P450 27B1. Antiviral properties of vitamin D-induced AMPs can shift the polarization of the adaptive immune response from helper T cells (Th)1 to the more regulatory Th2 responses that suppress immune over-reactivity by preventing cytokine storm, which is already demonstrated during the Spanish flu episode. Vitamin D induces antiviral effects by both direct and indirect mechanisms via AMPs, immunomodulation, the interplay between major cellular and viral elements, induction of autophagy and apoptosis, variation of genetic and epigenetic factors. The crosstalk between vitamin D and intracellular signaling pathways may operate as a primary regulatory action on viral gene transcription. VDD may increase the likelihood of infection with enveloped viruses, including retrovirus, hepatitis, and dengue. Global data correlates severe VDD with COVID-19 associated coagulopathy, disrupted immune response and mortality, reduced platelet count, and prolonged prothrombin time, suggesting benefits from supplementation.Key teaching pointsVitamin D induces antiviral effects by direct and indirect mechanisms via AMPs, immunomodulation, induction of autophagy, etc.Epidemiology of VDD partly explains geographical differences in COVID-19 susceptibility, severity, and mortality.Global data correlates severe VDD with COVID-19 associated coagulopathy, disrupted immune response and mortality, reduced platelet count, and prolonged prothrombin time, together suggesting benefits from supplementation.Many clinical trials are underway globally to delineate the role of vitamin D in both prevention and treatment of COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":17193,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07315724.2020.1806758","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38427901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: This study aimed to determine the value of phase angle (PhA) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) and its association with nutritional and functional parameters.
Methods: A cross-sectional study of 77 patients under follow-up at the pulmonary outpatient clinic of a public hospital. Anthropometric measurements and functional assessments of physical and pulmonary capacity were performed, and a regular physical activity questionnaire was administered.
Results: The sample consisted of 38 patients with COPD (mean age, 63.8 ± 9.9 years; 68.4% female) and 39 patients with PH (mean age, 46.6 ± 14.4 years; 79.5% female). There was no difference in anthropometric measurements between patients with COPD and PH. Patients with COPD had mild to moderate limitations of pulmonary function, while patients with PH had only mild limitations (p < 0.01). Although the median distance covered in the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) was different between the COPD and PH groups (p < 0.05), it was considered adequate for these populations. Mean PhA was within the range considered adequate in patients with COPD (6.3°±1°) and PH (6.2°±0.8°) (p > 0.05). In the statistical analyses, although the correlations were weak, adequate PhA correlated with fat free mass index, 6MWT, disease staging, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume in the first second.
Conclusion: The anthropometric profile of both patient groups was very similar, and PhA values were within the expected range. Despite weak correlations, PhA is a clinical component to be followed and investigated in patients with lung disease.
{"title":"Phase Angle Evaluation of Lung Disease Patients and Its Relationship with Nutritional and Functional Parameters.","authors":"Priscila Berti Zanella, Camila Coutinho Àvila, Fernanda Cardoso Chaves, Marcelo Basso Gazzana, Danilo Cortozi Berton, Marli Maria Knorst, Carolina Guerini de Souza","doi":"10.1080/07315724.2020.1801535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2020.1801535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to determine the value of phase angle (PhA) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) and its association with nutritional and functional parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study of 77 patients under follow-up at the pulmonary outpatient clinic of a public hospital. Anthropometric measurements and functional assessments of physical and pulmonary capacity were performed, and a regular physical activity questionnaire was administered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample consisted of 38 patients with COPD (mean age, 63.8 ± 9.9 years; 68.4% female) and 39 patients with PH (mean age, 46.6 ± 14.4 years; 79.5% female). There was no difference in anthropometric measurements between patients with COPD and PH. Patients with COPD had mild to moderate limitations of pulmonary function, while patients with PH had only mild limitations (p < 0.01). Although the median distance covered in the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) was different between the COPD and PH groups (p < 0.05), it was considered adequate for these populations. Mean PhA was within the range considered adequate in patients with COPD (6.3°±1°) and PH (6.2°±0.8°) (p > 0.05). In the statistical analyses, although the correlations were weak, adequate PhA correlated with fat free mass index, 6MWT, disease staging, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume in the first second.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The anthropometric profile of both patient groups was very similar, and PhA values were within the expected range. Despite weak correlations, PhA is a clinical component to be followed and investigated in patients with lung disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":17193,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07315724.2020.1801535","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38260196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01Epub Date: 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1800532
Kristin M Nieman, Barbara D Anderson, Christopher J Cifelli
Systemic inflammation is associated with obesity and chronic disease risk. Intake of dairy foods is associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease; however, the impact of dairy foods on inflammation is not well-established. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the effect of dairy product (milk, cheese, and yogurt) and dairy protein consumption on low-grade systemic inflammation in adults without severe inflammatory disorders. A literature search was completed in September 2019 using PubMed and CENTRAL as well as inspection of reference lists from relevant review articles. The search resulted in the identification of 27 randomized controlled trials which were included in this analysis. In the 19 trials which evaluated dairy products, 10 reported no effect of the intervention, while 8 reported a reduction in at least one biomarker of inflammation. All 8 trials that investigated dairy protein intake on markers of inflammation reported no effect of the intervention. The available literature suggests that dairy products and dairy proteins have neutral to beneficial effects on biomarkers of inflammation. Additional clinical studies designed using inflammatory biomarkers as the primary outcome are needed to fully elucidate the effects of dairy intake on inflammation.
{"title":"The Effects of Dairy Product and Dairy Protein Intake on Inflammation: A Systematic Review of the Literature.","authors":"Kristin M Nieman, Barbara D Anderson, Christopher J Cifelli","doi":"10.1080/07315724.2020.1800532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2020.1800532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic inflammation is associated with obesity and chronic disease risk. Intake of dairy foods is associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease; however, the impact of dairy foods on inflammation is not well-established. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to evaluate the effect of dairy product (milk, cheese, and yogurt) and dairy protein consumption on low-grade systemic inflammation in adults without severe inflammatory disorders. A literature search was completed in September 2019 using PubMed and CENTRAL as well as inspection of reference lists from relevant review articles. The search resulted in the identification of 27 randomized controlled trials which were included in this analysis. In the 19 trials which evaluated dairy products, 10 reported no effect of the intervention, while 8 reported a reduction in at least one biomarker of inflammation. All 8 trials that investigated dairy protein intake on markers of inflammation reported no effect of the intervention. The available literature suggests that dairy products and dairy proteins have neutral to beneficial effects on biomarkers of inflammation. Additional clinical studies designed using inflammatory biomarkers as the primary outcome are needed to fully elucidate the effects of dairy intake on inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17193,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American College of Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/07315724.2020.1800532","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38427905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}