Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association最新文献

Introduction: Autistic individuals often have comorbid medical conditions, which can increase the likelihood of being severely affected by COVID-19. The best prevention for this is vaccination. However, some autistic individuals engage in behaviors that might create a barrier to successful vaccination.

Aims: We describe the development and acceptability of a clinic specializing in the administration of COVID-19 vaccines for individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who exhibit challenging behavior.

Method: The clinic utilized behavioral antecedent strategies and contingencies to increase compliance with the vaccine and decrease distress associated with the procedure.

Results: We achieved a 100% success rate with vaccine administration and caregivers reported high satisfaction with the clinic.

Conclusions: The present vaccine clinic is adaptable to various settings and patients and was well-received overall by caregivers. Replication in different geographic regions may be beneficial when resources allow for this type of clinic.

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is overrepresented within the United States. Naltrexone, a recommended treatment for AUD, is underutilized. However, the prescribing behaviors of advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) regarding naltrexone for AUD patients have not been studied. The purpose of our study was to explore the prescriptive practices of a sample of APRNs.

Aims: To describe and analyze survey responses of a sample of Ohio APRNs with training in medication for addiction treatment (MAT) for substance use disorders (as evidenced by DEA x-waiver receipt) regarding prescribing practices of naltrexone for AUD patients.

Method: Public information collected from the first author's Nursing Board (list of APRNs in Ohio) was checked against the public information of x-waivered providers nationally from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's (SAMHSA) website. This generated a potential sample size of 824 APRNs, all of whom were sent email solicitations to complete a Qualtrics survey. After 3 weeks, 55 surveys were completed, and the data were analyzed. Descriptive statistics were generated as well as a logistic regression with five potential predictor variables against the outcome variable (defined as use of naltrexone for AUD patients).

Results: Years practicing as an APRN was found to negatively predict naltrexone prescribing behavior for AUD patients. Practice setting and work experience with an addiction specialist physician were not found to predict naltrexone prescribing behavior for AUD patients.

Conclusion: Implications for further study were discussed, with emphasis on regulatory variance between states.

Objective: Help patients make necessary life changes to reach desired health outcomes.

Methods: By combining the transtheoretical stages of the change model with motivational interviewing, nurse practitioners can hone powerful skills to enable patients to make their desired life changes.

Results: Nurses and nurse practitioners can make a difference in patients' lives by connecting and partnering with them to create positive change for improved health outcomes.

Conclusions: Nurse educators should provide opportunities for nurses at all levels to learn and incorporate these skills into their practice.

Objective: In this discussion, we build the case for why climate change is an emerging threat to perinatal mental health.

Method: A search of current literature on perinatal and maternal mental health and extreme weather events was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science databases. Only articles focusing on maternal mental health were included in this narrative review.

Results: The perinatal period represents a potentially challenging timeframe for women for several reasons. Necessary role adjustments (reprioritization), changes in one's ability to access pre-birth levels (and types) of social support, fluctuating hormones, changes in body shape, and possible complications during pregnancy, childbirth, or postpartum are just a few of the factors that can impact perinatal mental health. Trauma is also a risk factor for negative mood symptoms and can be experienced as the result of many different types of events, including exposure to extreme weather/natural disasters.

Conclusion: While the concepts of "eco-anxiety," "climate despair," and "climate anxiety" have garnered attention in the mainstream media, there is little to no discussion of how the climate crisis impacts maternal mental health. This is an important omission as the mother's mental health impacts the family unit as a whole.

Background: Suboptimal mental health literacy levels among general hospital health care professionals negatively impact the care coordination of patients with physical-mental comorbidity.

Aims: This review is to examine the evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to improve the mental health literacy of general hospital health care professionals.

Methods: A systematic search of literature was conducted in 13 electronic databases with manual searching of reference lists from 1980 to 2021. Studies were screened by pre-set eligibility criteria, that is, participants who were general hospital health care professionals taking care of adult patients, the interventions aimed at improving any components of participants' mental health literacy, comparisons were alternative active intervention or no intervention, and the primary outcomes were any aspects of mental health literacy.

Results: Eight randomized controlled trials (N = 1,732 participants) were included in this review. Evidence indicated that mental health literacy interventions with educational components can improve components of the health care professionals' mental health literacy, in terms of mental health knowledge and mental illness-related attitudes/stigma. In addition, few studies evaluated all components of participants' mental health literacy.

Conclusions: Based on the available evidence, educational interventions had a positive effect on components of general hospital health care professionals' mental health literacy. Health care organizations should provide educational programs to enhance general hospital health care professionals' mental health literacy. Further studies are needed to explore interventions that target all components of general hospital staff's mental health literacy and to evaluate its impact on the psychiatric consultation-liaison service utilization in general hospitals, as well as patient outcomes.

Background: Jordanian pregnant women report high prevalence of antenatal depressive symptoms, compared to their counterparts internationally. One potential nonpharmacological intervention is Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT), accessed by telephone.

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the depressive symptom level(s) among Jordanian pregnant women who received IPT treatment with those who received routine antenatal care.

Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial design was used. Following ethical approval, a sample of 100 pregnant women (50 in each group) at 24 to 37 weeks gestation, was drawn from one governmental public hospital. Seven sessions (each half an hour) of telephone-based IPT were offered twice weekly to those assigned to the intervention arm: one pretherapy orientation, five intermediates, and one closing session. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was administered before and after the intervention. Analysis of covariance was used to detect the intervention effect. The two groups were matched based on demographic and health characteristics.

Results: Compared to the control group, pregnant women who received the intervention reported fewer depressive symptoms.

Conclusions: Midwives and general nurses should screen all pregnant women for symptoms of depression. The effectiveness of IPT treatment in alleviating depressive symptoms indicates the importance of using such supportive interventions by midwives and general nurses, who are trained in psycho-educational counseling techniques. Moreover, data provided by this study may encourage policymakers to legislate policies that make psychotherapists available and accessible in antenatal care units and ensure that staff have adequate training via continuing education programs to screen for antenatal depressive symptoms.

Background: Adolescence is a stage of transition with multiple changes and transformations. It is a critical phase to potentiate or disrupt the life course of human beings. In Latin America, adolescents and young adults from countries like Colombia have unequal access to socioeconomic resources, education, and the job market. This may generate social disadvantages and vulnerability.

Aim: We aimed to identify conditions of social vulnerability and psychosocial resilience in the life course of adolescents and young adults from a community art network in Bogota, Colombia.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative study with a multivocal design supported by the ethnic-social life history construction. The data were collected using narrative interviews. The interviews were transcribed, coded, categorized, and triangulated according to the principles of grounded theory as an analytical method. We adhered to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist.

Results: Eight adolescents and young adults between the ages of 12 and 24 years participated in the study. Five categories emerged: social vulnerability, social environment, artistic processes, psychosocial resilience, and life course.

Conclusions: Social vulnerability and psychosocial resilience coexist during the life course of adolescents and young adults. Social support networks and community art processes have the potential to promote psychosocial resilience in adolescents and young adults.

Objective: The last national survey of psychiatric-mental health (PMH) nurses was conducted in 2016 and was limited to advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs). Data on the demographic and employment characteristics of the PMH workforce could inform how to optimize the PMH nursing workforce to address increasing demands for mental health services. The objective was to conduct a national survey of PMH registered nurses (RNs) and PMH-APRNs to gather data on their demographic, educational, and practice characteristics.

Methods: An email survey was administered between October 2020 and February 2021 to all members of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association and to all PMH-APRNs certified by the American Nurses Credentialing Center. Separate surveys included 51 questions (RN) and 52 questions (APRN). Survey questions were informed by several sources including the Minimum Data Set for the Behavioral Health Workforce.

Results: Surveys were completed by 4,088 PMH-RNs and 5,158 PMH-APRNs, with a combined response rate of 12.1%. Findings suggest that the workforce is aging but has increased slightly in diversity. In all, 62.4% of RNs reported a hospital as their primary employment setting, while the majority of APRNs (70.4%) practice in outpatient settings. Forty-four percent of the PMH-APRN respondents indicated that most of their patients receive federal insurance.

Conclusions: Nursing must plan for significant retirements in the PMH workforce in next 5 years. Hospital-based practice continues to dominate PMH-RN roles but might be expanded to community-based settings teaming with PMH-APRNs in outpatient sites. Increasing the diversity of the workforce should be prioritized.